ee ete? p er wee ee RS Ee + 6 heme ey te te oe LIBRARY ©F THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY Peary: 5 ay 4 he » a ag? eli ha F , “is wal ‘yy es 4 e ® Co ab os Jk > Y The Gardens' Bulletin | Singapore : VOL. 45 (Part 1)Jun1993 | ISSN 0374-7859 NATIONAL PARKS BOARD Singapore Botanic Gardens Cluny Road Singapore 1025 Tel: 4741165 Telefax: 4754295 = es Se eS OU THE GARDENS’ BULLETIN EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Chairman: Bernard T.G. Tan, B.Sc.Hons. (Singapore); D .Phil (Oxon.) Members: Syed Yusoff Alsagoff C.J. Goh, B.Sc.Hons. (Singapore); Ph.D (Newcastle upon Tyne) Leo W.H. Tan, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Singapore) W.K. Tan, B.A. (Wms Coll., Mass.); M.Sc. (M.S.U., Mich.); Ph.D. (U.M., FI.) Lawrence L.C. Leong, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Malaya) T.W. Foong, B.Sc.Hons., Ph.D. (Cant.) Jennifer Ng-Lim Cheo Tee, B.Sc., M.A. (Dublin) Editors : Chin See Chung, B.Sc.Hons (Singapore); M.Sc. (Malaya); M.S., M. Phil., Ph.D.(Yale) S.Y Geh, B.Sc.Hons., M.Sc. (Singapore); Dip.Hort.Sc. (Massey) Reviewers : Hsuan Keng, Singapore Chin See Chung, National Parks Board, Sidapee The Gardens’ Bulletin is published twice yearly by the National Parks Board, Singapore. Neither the National Parks Board nor the Editorial Committee is responsible for the opinions or conclusions expressed by the contributing authors. The Gardens’ Bulletin is priced at Singapore $40.00 excluding postage. Overseas subscribers are required to make payment in the form of bank drafts or international money orders in Singapore currency payable to the Executive Director, National Parks Board, Singapore. Instructions for contributing authors are found behind the Contents Table. WI I 3 ARNOLD JUN 2 0 1994 © ARBORETUM Singapore VOL. 45(Part 1) Jun 1993 ISSN. 0374-7859 CONTENTS TURNER, I.M.: The Names Used for Singapore Plants Since 1900 ..............eeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 1 — 287 CHIN, S.C.: Book Reviews : Keng, H.: The Concise Flora of Singapore, Rowman ane Dicotyledones 107 nd wok eneae on cae enenneeeonee 289 — 290 Dransfield, S.: The Bamboos of Sabah .00.........ccc cece eeeeeeceeeeeeceeeeeeeeees 290 — 291 Published by National Parks Board Singapore Botanic Gardens Cluny Road Singapoe 1025 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Manuscripts: The Editorial Committee of the Gardens’ Bulletin will be glad to receive and consider for publication original research findings and reviews of progress in the field of botany, horticulture, and allied subjects. Contributions must be original and the material must not have been submitted or, if accepted, be submitted for publication elsewhere. Two copies of the manuscript should be submitted, typed or type printed, and if typed, then the top copy must be one of the two. Type or print on one side only, with double-line spacing and a margin of at least 4 cm. Do not type all the letters of any word 1n capitals. Underline only in pencil: with a straight line for italic type face and wavy line line for bold type face. Authors should see the layout other papers recently published in this journal to ensure that papers submitted conform as closely as possible to the accepted pattern. Numerical data should only be included if it is essential to the argument and this can be presented either in the form of tables or diagrams. Titles and authors: The title should give a concise description of the content of the paper. The name(s) and affiliation(s) of author(s) must be given below the title. Lengthy papers and those of a complex nature must have the contents listed at the beginning of the paper. Scientific names: The complete scientific name — genus, species, authority, and cultivar where appropriate — must be cited for every organism at time of first mention. The generic name may be abbreviated to the initial thereafter except where intervening references to other genera with the same initial could cause confusion. Tables: All tables should be numbered and carry headings describing their content. These should be comprehensive without reference to the text. Abbreviations: Standard chemical symbols may be used in text (e.g. IAA, IBA, ATP), but the full term should be given on the first mention. Dates should be cited as: 3 May 1976. Units of measurement should be spelled out except when preceded by a numberal where they should be abbreviated in standard for: g. mg, ml, etc. and not followed by stops. Literature citations: Citations in the text should take the form: King and Chan (1964). If several papers by the same author in the same year are cited, they should be lettered in sequence (1964a), (1964b), etc. When papers are by three or more authors they should be cited as e.g., Geesink et al. (1981). All references must be placed in alphabetic order according to the surname of the (first) author and in the following form: Singh, H. (1976). Sclereids in Fagraea. Gard. Bull. Sing. 22, 193-212. Abbreviations of titles of journals should be those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals (4th Edition) or the Selected Abbreviated Titles of Biological Journals (London: Institute of Biology). References to books and monographs should be cited according to the following form: Ridley, H.N. (1930). The Dispersal of Plants Throughout the World, L. Reeve; Ashford, Kent: 242-255. For literature citations in taxonomic papers the following style is required: Medinilla alternifolia Bl., Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I:2(1849) 19. Sterculia acuminatissima Merr., Philip. J. Sci. 21 (1922) 524. Illustrations: Drawings should be done in Indian ink. Authors should indicate where individual illustrations receive first mention 1n the text. Offprints: Authors will be given 50 offprints gratis. Additional copies must be ordered and paid for, prior to publication. | Manuscripts should be sent to: THE EDITOR, GARDENS’ BULLETIN, SINGAPORE, NATIONAL PARKS BOARD, SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS, CLUNY ROAD, SINGAPORE 1025. The Names Used for Singapore Plants Since 1900 I.M. TURNER Department of Botany, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 0511 Abstract The native and naturalized vascular plant species of the Republic of Singapore are enumerated with important synonyms used in twentieth century botanical works. Particular emphasis is placed on Ridley’s Flora of Singapore published in 1900. Appendices provide indexes to this flora and to the unpublished Flora of Syonan, a list compiled by staff of the Singapore Botanic Gardens at the time of the Japanese occupation of Singapore. One new combination in the Commelinaceae is introduced. INTRODUCTION Despite the reluctance with which non-taxonomists generally accept name changes, plant nomenclature (particularly in the tropics) remains relatively fluid and any one generation of botanists, agriculturalists, horticulturalists and foresters appears to possess a markedly different vocabulary of names from its predecessor’s. Synonymy, though inevitably arid to the non-specialist, is vital as a key to understanding the literature of the past. This paper reviews the nomenclatural history of the vascular plant flora of Singapore for the twentieth century. The reasons for presenting this are as follows: be To provide a checklist of the native and naturalized vascular plants of the Republic of Singapore using the correct names. A preliminary list was presented by Turner, Chua and Tan (1990); here a few errors are corrected and some more recent revisions included. 2. To allow students of the Singapore flora better access to the early literature, in particular Ridley’s (1900) flora of Singapore and the unpublished Flora of Syonan. 3: To assist those using well-known works, such as Ridley’s Flora of the Malay Peninsula and Henderson’s Malayan Wild Flowers, to be able to use the correct name for the species described in those floras. There follows a list of the flora of Singapore with the main synonyms given for each species. The list is presented in phylogenetic order, starting with the pteridophytes, which are not broken down by family, but presented alphabetically by genus, because the suprageneric taxonomy of the ferns and fern-allies seems unsettled (Kramer & Green 1990, viz. Flora Malesiana Series II). The spermatophytes are presented alphabetically by family, in accordance with family circumscriptions of Flora Malesiana Series I, where these have been published. The synonymy is far from complete. No sources earlier than 1900 have been included and by no means a comprehensive list of twentieth century publications. The most important works on the Singapore and Malayan flora, including Flora Malesiana, were consulted, as were recent monographs and revisions. I have tended to take the more conservative line over more contentious name changes, quoting the debatable designation in the list of synonyms. Fern taxonomy appears particularly beset with controversial generic delimitation. Here, I have generally followed the late Professor Holttum’s treatments as these are the most readily available to the general reader. A series of appendices is given to update the names used by two earlier lists of Singapore plants. Ridley’s turn-of-the-Century flora of Singapore (Ridley 1900) was the first comprehensive list of Singapore plants published, and is a valuable source of information on localities and for times of introduction of naturalized species. The staff of the Singapore Botanic Garden’s Herbarium compiled the Flora of Syonan, a list (species names without authorities) of commonly cultivated, as well as wild, plants, during the Japanese Occupation, but this was never published and is only extant in typescript (Keng 1990). The native and naturalized species included in the Flora of Syonan are given in Appendix F referenced to the main list. H. Keng has produced annotated lists covering the gymnosperms, dicotyledons and some of the monocotyledonous families (Keng, 1973, 1974a, 1974b, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987) which have been consolidated into a flora of the gymnosperms and the dicotyledons (Keng 1990). My list refers to Keng’s (1990) flora and to the one paper covering monocots (Keng 1987). Singapore Species List Marginal notes represent the following: A = naturalized alien species, ? = doubtfully native species. PTERIDOPHYTA 1 Acrostichum aureum L.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 55; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 409; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 71; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 232. Z Acrostichum speciosum WILLD.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 410; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 71; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 233. A 3 Adiantum capillus-veneris L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 22; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 600; JouNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 91; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 417. Probably only naturalized in the rockery of the Botanic Gardens. 4 Adiantum flabellulatum L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 22; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 603; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 93; Piccortt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 419. A. <4 Adiantum fructuosum SprENG.; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 127. 6 Adiantum hispidulum Sw.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 603; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 93. Aion fd Adiantum latifolium Lamx.; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 420; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 127. 8 Adiantum stenochlamys Bak.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 22; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 602; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 93; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 418. 10 11 i2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Aglaomorpha speciosa (BL.) Roos, Blumea 31 (1985) 153; — Photinopteris rigida Bepp.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 55; — Photinopteris speciosa (BL.) PRESL; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 187; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 50; Piccortr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 142. Amphineuron opulentum (KauLr.) Hottr.; HoLtrum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 548; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 215; — Nephrodium extensum (BL.) Moore; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 36; — Cyclosorus extensus (BL.) CHING; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 264; Amphineuron terminans (Hoox.) Hoitr.; Hottrum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 545; — Nephrodium pteroides sensu BEDD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 36; — Cyclosorus interruptus sensu Ho.tt.; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 262; JoHNsoN, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 55. Angiopteris evecta (Forst.) Horrm.; RIpDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Ripuey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 58; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 44; Jonnson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 24; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 31. Antrophyum parvulum BL.; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 605; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 114; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 434; — A. reticulatum sensu RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900). Asplenium batuense v.A.v.R.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 423; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 74; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 271. Asplenium longissimum BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; Riocey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 27; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 427; JoHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 76; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 274. Asplenium macrophyllum Sw.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; Rupcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 28; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 431; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 76; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 278. Asplenium nidus L.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 419; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 74; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 267; — Thamnopteris nidus (L.) PRESL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 26 (incl. var. musifolia (J. SM.) BEDD.). Asplenium nitidum Sw.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 29; TAGAwa & IwaTsukI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1985) 286; — A. glaucophyllum v.A.v.R.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 440; Jonnson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 76; PiccoTrT, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 287. Asplenium phyllitidis Don subsp. malesicum Ho ttr., Gard. Bull. Sing. 27 (1974) 153; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 268; — A. phyllitidis: Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 420; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 74; — Thamnopteris nidus var. phyllitidis (Don) BEpp.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 27. 20 21 22 23 24 23 26 ot 28 Asplenium tenerum Forst.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RIpD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 28; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 432; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 76; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 280. Azolla pinnata R. Br. subsp. asiatica R.M.K. SAUNDERS & K. Fow er, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 109 (1992) 349; — A. pinnata R. Br. var. imbricata (ROXxB.) BONAP.; . Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 445; — A. pinnata; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 196; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 161; Ho.ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 622; — A. caroliniana WiLLD.; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 97; Cor.etT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661. Blechnum finlaysonianum WALL. ex Hook. & Grev.; RIpvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 26; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 445; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 77; Piccortr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 399. Blechnum indicum Burs. f.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 446; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 76; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 402; — B. serrulatum sensu BEpp.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 26. Blechnum orientale L.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 26; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 446; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 78; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 400. Bolbitis appendiculata (WILLD.) IwATsuKI; HENNIPMAN, Leiden Bot. Ser. 2 (1977) 185; HENNIPMAN, FI. Males. II 14 (1978) 322; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 354; — Polybotrya appendiculata (WILLD.) J. SM.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 54; — Egenolfia appendiculata (WIiLLD.) J. Sm.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 459; JoHNsoN, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 80. Bolbitis heteroclita (PREsL) CHING; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 462; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 81; HENNIPMAN, Leiden Bot. Ser. 2 (1977) 221; HENNIPMAN, FI. Males. II 1* (1978) 325; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 355; — Gymnopteris flagellifera (WALL. ex Hook. & GREV.) Bepp.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 54; — B. simplicifolia (HOLTT.) CHING; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 464. Bolbitis sinuata (PRESL) HENNIPMAN; HENNIPMAN, Leiden Bot. Ser. 2 (1977) 232; HENNIPMAN, FI. Males. II 1* (1978) 326; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 357; — Gymnopteris subrepanda J. Sm.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; RipLey, J. Str. Br. RR. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 54; —B. diversifolia(BL.) ScHott; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 465; JouNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 81; — B. malaccensis (C. Cur.) CHING; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 470. Bolbitis X singaporensis Hottr.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 467; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 81; HENNIPMAN, Leiden Bot. Ser. 2 (1977) 296; HENNIPMAN, FI. Males. II 1* (1978) 329. 29 30 31] 32 33 34 35 36 37 Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) BRoNGN.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 25; HoLtrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 2 (1955) 578; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 86; PiccorrT, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 440. Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Sw.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 22; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 590; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 94; Piccortt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 412. Christella arida (D. Don) Hottt.; Hottrum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 555; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 216; — Nephrodium aridum (D. Don) J. SM.; Ripuey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 37; — Cyclosorus aridus (D. Don) CHING; HoLtTuM, Rev. FI. Malaya 2 (1955) 259; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 54. Christella dentata (Forsk.) BROWNSEY & JERMy; HoLtrum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 557; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 219; — Cyclosorus subpubescens sensu Ho.tr.; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 273; — Cyclosorus dentatus (FoRSSK.) CHING; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 56. Christella parasitica (L.) Lev.; HoLtrum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 559; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 221;— Nephrodium molle var. didymosorum Bepp.; Rmp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; — Nephrodium tectum Bepp.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 38; — Polypodium parasiticum L.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 41; — Cyclosorus parasticus (L.) FARw.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 281; Jounson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 111. Christella subpubescens (BL.) Hoitr.; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 558; Piccortt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 220; — Nephrodium molle var. amboinense BEbDD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; — Cyclosorus sumatranus (v.A.V.R.) CHING; HoLttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 275; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 56; — Cyclosorus latipinna (BENTH.) TARD.; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 276. Ctenopteris blechnoides (Grev.) WAGNER & GRETHER; PARRIS, Kew Bull. 41 (1986) 494; — Polypodium decorum BRack.;RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 42: — C. moultonii (CoPEL.) C. Cur. & Tarp.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 229. Cyathea glabra (BL.) Copet.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya2 (1955) 127; SIncLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 30; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 40; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 102; — Alsophila dubia BEpp.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 9. Cyathea latebrosa (WALL. ex Hook.) CopeL.; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 120; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 38; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 95; — Alsophila latebrosa WaLL. apud. Hook.; Rp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 8. 38 ag 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Cyathea squamulata (BL.) CopeL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 122; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 40; — Alsophila comosa WALL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 8; — Alsophila ridleyi BAKER; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 8. Cyclosorus interruptus (WILLD.) H. ITo; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 37; Ho_trum, FI. Males. II 1° (1981) 386; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 191; — Nephrodium unitum sensu BEvD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 36; — C. gongylodes (SCHKUHR) LINK; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 261; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 55. Davallia denticulata (Burm. f.) Metr. ex KUHN; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 359; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 64; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 392; — D. elegans Sw.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 17. Davallia solida (Forst.) Sw.; RmpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; Rp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 17; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 360; JoHNsoN, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 64; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 395. Davallia triphylla Hook.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 17; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 17; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 357; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 114; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 391. Dicranopteris curranii CopeL.; HoLtrum, Fl. Males. II 1' (1959) 31; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 59; — Gleichenia linearis var. malayana v.A.vV.R.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 70. Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) UNDERW.; HoLtrum, FI. Males. II 1' (1959) 33; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 32; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 53-58; — Gleichenia linearis (BurM. f.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 7; Ho.ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 68. Diplazium cordifolium BL.; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 84; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 293; — Anisogonium cordifolium (BL.) Bepp.; Rm ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 31; — Athyrium cordifolium (BL.) CopEL.; HOLTTUM, Rev. FI. Malaya 2 (1955) 548 Diplazium crenatoserratum (BL.) Moore; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 85; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 308; — Athyrium crenatoserratum (BL.) MiLpE; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 561. Diplazium esculentum (RETz.) Sw.; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 84; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 309; — Athyrium esculentum (ReEtTz.) CopeL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 562. Diplazium malaccense PRESL; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 85; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 297; — Athyrium malaccense (PresL) Hottr.; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 552. 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Diplazium polypodioides BL.; TaGAwa & IwartsukI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1985) 465; — D. asperum BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 31; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 86; Piccortr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 313; — Athyrium asperum (BL.) MiLpe; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 571. Diplazium prescottianum (WALL. ex Hook.) Moore; TAGAWA & IwaTSUKI, FI. Thail. 3 (1985) 457; —D. bantamense sensu RIwL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; —D. bantamense var. prescottianum sensu RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 30; — Athyrium prescottianum (WALL.) HOLtTrT.; Ho.ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 557. Diplazium riparium Ho ttrt.; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 86; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 300; — Athyrium riparium (Ho.tr.) Hottr.; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 554. Diplazium silvaticum (Bory) Sw.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 30; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 307; — Athyrium pinnatum (BLANCO) CopeL.; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 560. Diplazium sorzogonense (PRESL) PRESL; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 31; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 85; Piccortt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 296; — Athyrium sorzogonense (PRESL) MiLpe; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 552. Diplazium tomentosum BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 30; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 85; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 295; — Athyrium tomentosum (BL.) MiLpE; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 551. Dipteris conjugata Reinw.; Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 135; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 41; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 103; — D. horsfieldii (R. Br.) Bepp.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 44. Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. SM.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Ruipey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 44; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 182; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 43; Piccortr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 134 Drynaria sparsisora (Desv.) Moore.; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 183: JouHNsON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 44; Piccortr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 136; — D. linnei (Bory) Bepp.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 45. Elaphoglossum amblyphyllum Bett; Hoitrum, FI. Males. II 1* (1978) 303; — E. decurrens (non Desv.) v.A.v.R.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 458; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 80. Gleichenia truncata (WILLD.) Spr.; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II 1! (1959) 20: JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 30; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 51; — G. flagellaris Bepp.; Rw .ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 7; — G. laevigata (WiLLD.) Hoox.; Hoitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) £2 2 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 Goniophlebium percussum (CaAv.) WAGNER & GRETHER; RODL-LINDER, Blumea 34 (1990) 381; — Polypodium verrucosum (WALL. ex Hook. & BAUER) METT.; — G. verrucosum (WALL. ex Hook. & BAUER) J. SM.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 206; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 50; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 154. Goniophlebium subauriculatum (BL.) Pres; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 43; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 156; ROpL-LINDER, Blumea 34 (1990) 400; — Polypodium subauriculatum Bv.; HOLTTuMm, Rev. FI. Malaya 2 (1955) 207. Heterogonium sagenoides (Metr.) Hottr.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 520; Ho_trum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 211; H. gurupahense sensu HOLTTum, Reinwardtia 3 (1955) 272; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 82. Histiopteris incisa (THuns.) J. Sm.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 391; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 68; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 246; — Litobrochia incisa (THUNB.) PRESL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 25. Humata angustata (Hook. & Grev.) J. Sm.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 15; HoL_ttrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 2 (1955) 367; JoHNsoN, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 66; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 388; — Pachypleuria angustata (Hook. & GreEV.) PRESL; TAGAWA & IWwATSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1989) 617. Humata heterophylla (Sm.) Desv.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 15; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 366; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 66; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 387; — Davallia heterophylla SM.; TAGAWA & IwaTsuKI, FI. Thail. 3 (1989) 616. Humata parvula (WALL. ex Hook. & Grev.) Metr.; Ho_ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 369; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 66; — Leucostegia parvula (WALL. ex Hook. & Grev.) J. SM.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 16; — Pachypleuria parvula (WALL. ex Hook. & Grev.) KATO, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo HI 13 (1985) 572. Humata pectinata (Sm.) Desv.; Ho_ttrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 369; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 67; — H. parallela (WALL.) BRACK.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 15; — Pachypleuria pectinata (SM.) PREsL; TAGAWA & IWATSUKI, FI. Thail. 3 (1989) 616. Humata repens (L. f.) Die_s; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 371; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 67; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 390; — H. pedata (Sm.) J. Sm; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 16; — H. pinnatifida (BAK.) BEDD.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 16; — Pachypleuria repens (L.f.) Kato, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 573. Huperzia carinata (PRoireET) TREVISAN; @LLGAARD, Op. Bot. 92 (1987) 165; — Lycopodium carinatum DeEsv. ex PoIRET. 70 71 72 oo 74 75 76 fa) 78 79 a Huperzia nummulariifolia (BL.) JERMy; OLLGAARD, Op. Bot. 92 (1987) 167; — Lycopodium nummulariifolium Bu.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 143. Huperzia phlegmaria (L.) RotHM.; @LLGAARD, Op. Bot. 92 (1987) 166; — Lycopodium phlegmaria L.; Rey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 143; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 103. Huperzia squarrosa (G. Forst.) TREVISAN; @LLGAARD, Op. Bot. 92 (1987) 167; — Lycopodium squarrosum G. Forst.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 142. Hymenophyllum acanthoides (Boscu) Rosenst.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 80; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 34; Iwatsuk1, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 512; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 66; — Meringium acanthoides (Boscu) CopeL.; TAGAWA & IwATSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 78. Hymenophyllum denticulatum Sw.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 11; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 79; Jonnson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 33; Iwatsuk1, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo HI 13 (1985) 511; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 65; — H. neesii (Bu.) Hoox.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 11; — Meringium denticulatum (Sw.) CopPeEL.; TAGAWA & IwaTSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 77. Hymenophyllum holochilum (v.p.B.) C. Cur.; Ho_ttrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 77; JoHNsoNn, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 33; Iwatsuk1, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 511; — Meringium holochilum (Boscu) CopPe-.; TAGAWA & IwaTSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 77. Hymenophyllum polyanthos Sw.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 10; Ho .ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 81; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 34; Iwatsuk1, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 516; Piccorrt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 67. Hymenophyllum serrulatum (Pres_) C. Cur.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 78; JoHNsoN, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 33; Iwatsukt, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 511; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 64; — Meringium meyenianum PRESL; TAGAWA & IWwATSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 76. Lecanopteris crustacea CopeL.; Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 12 (1931) 406; — Phymatodes crustacea (CopEL.) Hottr.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 190; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 51; — Myrmecophila crustacea (CopEL.) TAGAWA; TAGAWA & IwATSUKI, FI. Thail. 3 (1989) 535. Lepisorus longifolius (BL.) Hottr.; HoLttrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) ; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) ; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 116; — Pleopeltis longifolia BL.; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 46. 10 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87a 87b 88 89 Lindsaea borneensis Hook. ex BAKER; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 20; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 331; KRAMER, FI. Males. II 1° (1971) 225; Jounson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 61. Lindsaea cultrata (WILLD.) Sw.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 19; KRAMER, FI. Males. II 1° (1971) 222; — L. decomposita WiLLp.; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 333; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 61; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 260. Lindsaea divergens Hook. & Grev.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 20; KRAmer, Fl. Males. II 1° (1971) 233; — Isoloma divergens (Hook. & Grev.) J. SM.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 337; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 62. Lindsaea doryophora Kramer; Kramer, Fl. Males. II 1° (1971) 227; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 254; — L. trapeziformis quoad auctt. plur.; Rp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; — L. lancea quoad auctt. plur.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 20; — L. scandens Hook.; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 60, p.p.; — L. scandens var. terrestris HOLTT.; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 327. Lindsaea ensifolia Sw. ssp. coriacea (v.A.v.R.) KRAMER; KRAMER, Fl. Males. II 1° (1971) 212; — Schizoloma ensifolium (Sw.) J. SM.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 21; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 346; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 63; — L. ensifolia; Piccott,. Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 265. Lindsaea heterophylla Dryanp.; KRAMER, Fl. Males. IT 1° (1971) 210; Piccorrt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 264; — Schizoloma heterophyllum (DRY AND.) J.Sm.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 21; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 345; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 64. Lindsaea lucida BL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 328; KRAmer, FI. Males. II 1° (1971) 233; Piccortr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 255. Lindsaea orbiculata (LAMK.) Merr. ex KUHN var. orbiculata; KrAmer, FI. Males. II 1° (1971) 206; —L. orbiculata; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 20; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 263; — Schizoloma orbiculatum (LAMK.) KuHN; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 344; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 63. Lindsaea orbiculata var. commixta (TAGAWA) KRAMER; KRAMER, FI. Males. II 1? (1971) 207. Lindsaea ovata J. Sm.; KRAmer, Fl. Males. II 1° (1971) 231; —Jsoloma ovatum (J. Sm.) Prest; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 338; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 63. Lindsaea parallelogramma v.A.v.R.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 335; KRAMER, FI. Males. II 1° (1971) 220; JouNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 61; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 261. PM a en Pe Ree ae 11 90 _ Lindsaea parasitica (Roxs. ex GrirFF.) HIERON.; KRAMER, FI. Males. II 1° (1971) 244: — LL. scandens Hook.; RIw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 19; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 325; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 60; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 253. 91 Lindsaea repens (Bory) THw. var. pectinata (BL.) METT. ex KUHN; KRAMER, FI. Males. II 1° (1971) 239; — L. repens; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 19; — L. macraeana (Hook. & ARN.) CopeL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 324; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 59. 92 ~~ Lindsaea walkerae Hook.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; RIDLEy, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 20; Kramer, Fl. Males. II 1° (1971) 229; Schizoloma walkerae (Hook.) KUHN; Ho.Lttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 344; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 63. 93 Lomariopsis lineata (PrEsL) Ho.tr.; HoLtrum, Fl. Males. II 1* (1978) 262; Piccortr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 361; — Stenochlaena sorbifolia [non (L.) J. Sm.] Bepp.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 53; — L. cochinchinensis FEE; HOLTTuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 476; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 80. 94 Lycopodiella cernua (L.) PicH.-SERM.; @LLGAARD, Op. Bot. 92 (1987) 175; — Lycopodium cernuum L.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 144; Jonson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 103. 95 _Lygodium circinnatum (Bur. f.) Sw.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 57; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 55; Hottrum, Fl. Males. II 1' (1959) 59; JouNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 24; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 38;. 96 Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw.; RIpDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Ruptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 58; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 57, p.p.; HoLtruM, FI. Males. IT 1' (1959) 53; Jounson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 26; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 41. 97 Lygodium japonicum (THUNB.) Sw.; HoLtrum, FI. Males. II 1' (1959) 51; WEE & CuHuA, Fern Gaz. 13 (1988) 246. 98 Lygodium longifolium (WiLLD.) Sw.; HoLtrum, Fl. Males. II 1' (1959) 59; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 25; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 39; — L. digitatum PrEsL; HoLttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 55. 99 Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 58; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II 1' (1959) 47; Jounson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 28; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 42; — L. scandens Sw.; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1378; Hovtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 58. 100 Lygodium salicifolium Pres_; Hottrum. FI. Males. II 1' (1959) 51; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 110; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 40; — L. flexuosum sensu Hotr.; HoLttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 57, p.~p. 12 101 102 103 104 105a 105b 106 107 108 Macrothelypteris torresiana (GAupD.) CHING; HoLtrum, FI. Males. II 1° (1981); 348; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 179; — Lastrea tenericaulis (Hook.) Moore; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 36; — Thelypteris uliginosa (KUNZE) CHING; HoLtruM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 241;— Thelypteris torresiana (GAUD.) ALSTON; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 53. Ridley (1908, loc. cit.) reports this fern as established in Tanglin, Johnson (loc. cit.) says it is only cultivated in Singapore. Mesophlebion chlamydophorum (RoseEnst. ex C. Cur.) HoLtt.; HoLtrum, FI. Males. II 1° (1981); 384; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 189; — Thelypteris chlamydophora (C.Cur.) CHING; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 246; JoHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 53. Mesophlebion motleyanum (Hook.) Hottt.; HoLtrum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981); 381; Piccortr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 187; — Nephrodium brachyodus sensu BaK.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908), p.p.; — Thelypteris motleyana (Hook.) Hottr.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 247; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 53. Metathelypteris dayi (BEpp.) Hottr.; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 352; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 181;— Lastrea dayi (BEpbp.) BEDD.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 35; — Thelypteris singalensis sensu Hottrum; Horttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 243, p.p.; JOHNsoNn, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 111. Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore. var. hancei (PRANTL) C. Cur.; HOLTTUM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 315; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 59; Piccortt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 237; — M. speluncae; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 18. Microlepia speluncae var. villosissima C. Cur.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 315; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 59; PiccorttT, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 238. Microsorum punctatum (L.) Cope_.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 179; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 111; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 133; Bosman, A Monograph of the Fern Genus Microsorum (Polypodiaceae) (1991) 97; — Pleopeltis punctata (L.) Bepp.; RIDey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 46. Monogramma dareicarpa Hook.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 48; Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 615; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 87. Monogramma trichoidea J. Sm.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 48; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 618; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 87; Piccotrt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 432. 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 tli 118 Myrmecopteris sinuosa (WALL. ex Hook.) Pic. Ser., Webbia 31 (1977) 240; — Pleopeltis sinuosa (WALL. ex Hook.) Bepp.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 46; — Phymatodes sinuosa (WALL. ex Hook.) J.SM.; HoLttrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 190; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 50; Myrmecophila sinuosa (WALL. ex Hook.) NaKAI ex H. Ito; TAGAWA & IwaTsukI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1989) 535. Nephrolepis acutifolia (Desv.) CHr.; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 375; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 67; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 372; — Lindsaea lanuginosa (SM.) Hook.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 189; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 21. Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) ScHott; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 380; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 68; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 377; — N. acuta (SCHKUHR) PRESL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 39. Nephrolepis falcata (Cav.) C. Cur.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 381; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 67; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 380. Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxs.) JARRETT; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 381; —N. hirsutula (Forst.) PRESL; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 382; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 68. Nephrolepis radicans (Burm. f.) KUHN; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 381; JoHNsoN, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 68; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 379; —N. volubilis J. Sm.; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 39. Ophioglossum nudicaule L. f.; Ri.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 59; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 28; — O. pedunculosum Desv.; Hoitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 39, p.p. Ophioglossum pendulum L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 59; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 40; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 22; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 29. Ophioglossum reticulatum L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 59; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 110; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 28; — O. pedunculosum Desv.; Ho_ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 39, p.p. Phymatosorus longissimus (BL.) Pic. SER., Webbia 28 (1973) 459; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 144; — Pleopeltis longissima (BL.) J. SM.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 47; — Phymatodes longissima (BL.) J. S.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 38; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 191; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 51; — Microsorum rubidum (non (KUNZE) CopeL.] TAGAWA & IwaTsuKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1989) 532. 13 14 119 120 171 Lap a 124 125 126 127 Phymatosorus nigrescens (BL.) Pic. SER., Webbia 28 (1973) 459; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 145; — Pleopeltis nigrescens (BL.) CARR; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 47; — Phymatodes nigrescens (BL.) J. SM.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 193; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 51; — Microsorum nigrescens (BL.) CopeL.; TAGAWA & IwaATsuKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1989) 532. Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm. f.) Pic. Ser., Webbia 28 (1973) 460; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 143; — Pleopeltis phymatodes (L.) Moore; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 47; — Phymatodes scolopendria (Burm. f.) CHING; HOLTTUM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 191; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 51; Microsorum scolopendria (Bur. f.) COPEL.; TAGAWA & IwATSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1989) 533. Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Linx; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 593; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 93; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 424. Platycerium coronarium (KOENIG) Desv.; HoLtTum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 138; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 44; HENNIPMAN & Roos, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Afd. Natuur., Tweede Reeks 80 (1982) 92; PicGcorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 105; — P. biforme (Sw.) BL., nom. illeg.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 56. Platycerium ridleyi Curist; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 140; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 44; HENNIPMAN & Roos, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Afd. Natuur., Tweede Reeks 80 (1982) 107; — P. biforme var. erecta Ripi.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 56. Pleocnemia irregularis (C. PresL) HoL_tr.; HoLtrum, Kew Bull. 29 (1974) 347; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 333; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. I 2! (1991) 12; — Dictyopteris difformis (BL.) Moore; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 40; — Arcypteris irregularis (PRESL) CHING; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 538; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 114. Pleocnemia olivacea (CopeL.) Ho_tr.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 535; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 82; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 331; Hottrum, Fl. Males. II 2' (1991) 19. Pneumatopteris truncata (Poir.) Hoitr.; Hoittrum, Fl. Males. I. 1(5) 429; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 198; — Nephrodium truncatum auct. non (GAUD.) PRESL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 38; — Cyclosorus truncatus (Porr.) FARW.; Ho.trtum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 266; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 56. Pronephrium menisciicarpon (BL.) HoLtr.; HoLttum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 526; — Meniscium cuspidatum (non BL.) RIw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 50; — Abacopteris menisciicarpa (BL.) Hottr., Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 290. ke Ss GPP ai eee ees 15 128 Pronephrium repandum (Fée) Hottr.; Hoitrum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 533; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 209; — Nephrodium urophyllum (Mett.) Keys.; Rmp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 37 (p.p., incl. var. pinwillii BEDD.); — Abacopteris urophylla (MEtt.) CHING; HotttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 296; — Cyclosorus urophyllus (MeEtTT.) TARD.; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 111. 129 Pronephrium triphyllum (Sw.) Hottr.; Hottrum, Fl. Males. IT 1° (1981) 534; — Meniscium triphyllum Sw.; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 50; —Abacopteris triphylla (Sw.) CHING; Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 287. 130 Psilotum complanatum Sw.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 196; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 146; — P. flaccidum WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 196; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 106. 131 Psilotum nudum (L.) P. BEAuv.; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 106; — P. triquetrum Sw.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 145; SINcLArR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 37. 132 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuxn; Hovitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 389; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 70; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 243; — Pteris aquilina L.; Rwwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 24. 133. Pteridium caudatum (L.) MAxon ssp. yarrabense (Domin) Parris; PIGGOTT, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 245; — P. esculentum (Forst.) NAKAI; Ho.ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 390; — P. caudatum; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 70. 134 Pteris ensiformis Burm. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; RIDLEy, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 23; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 399; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 114; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 224. 135 Pterismertensioides WILLD.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 404; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 71; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 227; — P. patens (non Kuntze) Hook.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 24. 136 Pteris tripartita Sw.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 408; JoHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 71; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 231; — Litobrochia marginata (Bory) PRESL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) Do. 137 Pteris vittata L.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 396; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 70; Piccortt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 223; — P. longifolia sensu Bepp.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 190; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 23. 16 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 Pyrrosia angustata (Sw.) CHING; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 143; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 46; Hovenkamp, Leiden Bot. Ser. 9 (1986) 156; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 108; — Pleopeltis angustata (Sw.) PRESL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 46. Pyrrosia lanceolata (L.) FARWELL; HOVENKAMP, Leiden Bot. Ser. 9 (1986) 191; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 109; — Niphobolus adnascens (Sw.) KAuLF.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 43; — P. adnascens Sw.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 144; JoHNsoN, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 47; — P. varia (KAULF.) FaRw.; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 146; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 47; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 110. Pyrrosia longifolia (BURM.) Morton; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 148; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 47; HoveNKAmp, Leiden Bot. Ser. 9 (1986) 209; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 113; — Niphobolus acrostichoides [non PRESL] (Forst.) BEDD.; RmpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 43. Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) Prick; RAVENSBURG & HENNIPMAN, Leiden Bot. Ser. 9 (1986) 302; — Drymoglossum piloselloides (L.) PREsL; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 52; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 149; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 48; Piccortt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 115. Salvinia molesta D.S. MITCHELL; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 96; Cor-etTrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 443; — S. cucullata Roxs. ex Bory; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 621. Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Sm.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 57; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 50; Hottrum, FI. Males. II 1' (1959) 41; JouNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 28. Schizaea digitata (L.) Sw.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 57; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 51; Ho trum, FI. Males. II 1' (1959) 41; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 29; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 36. Schizaea wagneri SELLING; Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 52; HoLttum, Fl. Males. II 1' (1959) 44; Jonnson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 30. Selaginella ciliaris (RETz.) SPRING; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 99; Wonca, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 130. Selaginella intermedia (BL.) SpriNG; WonG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 124; — S. atroviridis (WALL.) SPRING; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Aston, Gard. Bull. Sing. 8 (1934) 53; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 103; — S. ascendens v.A.v.R.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 153; ALston, Gard. Bull. Sing. 8 (1934) 52; — S. plumea Sprina; Rip-ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 151. 148 149 150 151 Laz 153 154 155 156 Sd, Selaginella mayeri HicRon.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 149; Aston, Gard. Bull. Sing. 8 (1934) 42; Wona, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 126. Selaginella roxburghii (Hook. & Grev.) Sprinc; ALsTon, Gard. Bull. Sing. 8 (1934) 51; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 102; Wone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 130; — S. trichobasis Bak.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 152. Selaginella wallichii (Hook. & Grev.) SPRING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 153; ALston, Gard. Bull. Sing. 8 (1934) 48; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 102; Wona, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 133. Selaginella willdenowii (Desv.) BAKER; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 195; Aston, Gard. Bull. Sing. 8 (1934) 45; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 99; Wona, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 133; — S. laevigatum; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 80 (1919) 155. Selliguea heterocarpa BL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 157; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 49; — S. féei (non Bory) BEpD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 49. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpus (BL.) Hoitr.; Hoitrum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 457; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 201; — ?Nephrodium heterocarpum(BL.) Moore; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 38; — Cyclosorus heterocarpus (BL.) CHING; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 269; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 58. Sphaerostephanos polycarpus (BL.) CopeL.; Hottrum, Fl. Males. II. 1(5) 448; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 199; — Nephrodium polycarpum (BL.) Keys.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; — Mesochlaena polycarpa (BL.) Bepp.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 32; — Nephrodium perakense (BEDD.) BAK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 39; — Cyclosorus polycarpus (Bu.) HoLtr.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 283; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 56. Sphaerostephanos unitus (L.) HoLtr.; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II 1° (1981) 477; — Nephrodium cucullatum (BL.) Bak.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; Riocey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 36; — Nephrodium haenkeanum PREsL; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 39; — Cyclosorus unitus (L.) CHING; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 260; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 54. Stenochlaena palustris (BurM.) BEpp.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 53; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 412; Jounson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 73; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 410. Syngramma alismifolia (PREsL) J. Sm.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 49; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 581; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 90; — S. wallichii (Hook.) BEpp.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 193; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 49; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 422. bh 158 159 160 161 “162 163 164 165 166 Taenitis blechnoides (WILLD.) Sw.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 52; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 586; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 90; Piccorrt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 437. Taenitis interrupta Hook. & Grev.; HoLtrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 2 (1955) 587; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 91; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 438. Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cavy.) C. Cur.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 339; KRAMER, FI. Males. II 1° (1971) 193; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 62; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 249; — Microlepia pinnata (CAv.) J. SM.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 18. Tectaria angulata (WILLD.) C.CHr.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 511; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 83; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 145; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 343; Hottrum, FI. Males. II 2' (1991) 85; —Aspidium angulatum (WILLD.) J. SM. ex METT.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 33. Tectaria barberi (Hoox.) CopeL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 508; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 84; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 138; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 340; Hottrum, FI. Males. II 2' (1991) 52; — Dictyopteris barberi (HooK.) BEDD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 192; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 40; — Aspidium kunstleri Bepp.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 33. Tectaria grandidentata (Cesat1) Hottr.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 514; JoHNsoN, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 83; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 139; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 348; Hottrum, FI. Males. II 2' (1991) 92. Tectaria griffithii (Bak.) C. Cur. var. singaporeana Ho_trum, Blumea 35 (1991) 551; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II 2' (1991) 55; —T. griffithii; HoLTrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 137; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 339; — Aspidium multicaudatum (CLARKE) BEpbp.; RIpDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 34; — T. multicaudata (CLARKE) CHING; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 507; JoHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 83. Tectaria semipinnata (Roxs.) Morton; Hoitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 515; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 138; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 347; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II 2' (1991) 78; — Selliguea maingayi (Bak.) Bepp.; RIpDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 49; — T. maingayi (BAK.) C. Cur.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 513; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 83. Tectaria singaporeana (Hook. & Grev.) CopeL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 512; JoHnson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 82; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34(1981) 138; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 345; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II2' (1991) 100; —Aspidium singaporeanum Hook. & GreV.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 191; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 32. 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 Teratophyllum aculeatum (BL.) Mert. ex KUHN; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 473; Jounson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 78; HoLtrum, Fl. Males. II 1(4) 269. Teratophyllum ludens (Fre) Hoitr.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 474: JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 80; Ho_trum, Fl. Males. II I(4) 275. Teratophyllum rotundifoliatum (R. Bonar.) Hoitr.; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 474; JouNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 78; HoLtrum, FI. Males. II 1(4) 270. Trichomanes christii CopeL.; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 100; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 38; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 80; — Crepidomanes christii (CoPpEL.) CopEL.; TAGAWA & IWATSUKI, FI. Thail. 3 (1979) 88; Iwatsuk1, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 540. Trichomanes humile Forst. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 12: Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 98; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 38; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 78; — Reedia humilis (Forst.) PicHi-SeEr.; TAGAWA & IwaATSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 87; — Crepidomanes humile (Forst.) Boscu; IwatsukI, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo II 13 (1985) 540. Trichomanes javanicum BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188: Rp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 13; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 102; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 35; Piccort, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 81; — Cephalomanes javanicum (BL.) BoscH; TAGAWA & IwaTSUuKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 96; IwatsukI, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 548. Trichomanes mindorense Curist; Copec; Phil. J. Sci. 51 (1933) 209; — T. muscoides sensu RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 12; — T. bimarginatum auct. plur, [non (Boscn) Boscu]; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 92, p.p.; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 35; — Microgonium mindorense (CHRIST) COPEL.: CROXALL, Kew Bull. 41 (1986) 522. Trichomanes minutum BL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 96; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 110; — Gonocormus saxifragoides (PRESL) Boscu; TAGAWA & IwaATSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 80; — Crepidomanes minutum (BL.) Iwatsuxt; Iwatsuk1, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 524; — T. saxifragoides PRESL; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 75. Trichomanes motleyi (Boscu) Boscu: Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 12; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 92; JouNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 34; Iwatsuk1, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 54; — Microgonium motleyi BoscH; TAGAWA & IwaTsukKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 44; CRoxa.L, Kew Bull. 41 (1986) 526. 20 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 Trichomanes obscurum BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 15; Ho ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 108; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 37; Piccortt, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 87; — T. rigidum sensu Ript.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 188; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 13; — Selenodesmium obscurum (Bi.) CoPEL.; TAGAWA & IWATSUKI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 99; — Cephalomanes obscurum (BL.) IwaTsuK1; IwaTsukt, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 547. Trichomanes pallidum BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 12; Ho.ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 97; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 37; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 77; — Pleuromanes pallidum (BL.) PREsSL; TAGAWA & IwarTsukI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 86; — Crepidomanes pallidum (Bt.) lwatsukt; IwatsukI, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1985) 523. Trichomanes singaporeanum (Boscu) v.A.v.R.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 103; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 36; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 82. Trichomanes sublimbatum K. MuELL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 92; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 35; Piccotr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 72; — Microgonium sublimbatum (K. MuELL.) BoscH; TAGAWA & IwaTsukI, Fl. Thail. 3 (1979) 94; CRoxaLL, Kew Bull. 41 (1986) 527. Trichomanes superbum Backu.; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 108; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 37; — T. hispidulum MEtv.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 14. Vittaria elongata Sw.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 51; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 614; JOHNSON, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 87; Piccott, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 431; — V. scolopendrina [non (Bory) THw.] RIwe.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 194; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 51. Vittaria ensiformis Sw.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 2 (1955) 613; JoHNson, Ferns of Singapore Island (1977) 87; Piccorr, Ferns of Malaysia in Colour (1988) 430; GYMNOSPERMAE CYCADACEAE Cycas rumphii Mig.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 151; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 284; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 1. GNETACEAE Gnetum gnemon L.; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 273; Burkit, Dict. (1935) 1091; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 276; MArKGRAF, FI. Males. 14° (1951) 340; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 54; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 774; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 6; — G. brunonianum Grirr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 274. 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 a AGE Si ae a ae Gnetum gnemonoides BRoncn.; MARKGRAF, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 344; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 6; — G. edule (non BL.) Hassk.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 151; — G. wrayi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 276. Gnetum latifolium BL. var. funiculare MARKGRAF; MARKGRAF, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 343; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 7; — G. funiculare BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 151; — G. kingianum GamBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 276. Gnetum macrostachyum Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 151; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 274; Marxarar, Fl. Males. 1 4° (1951) 346; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 7. Gnetum microcarpum BL.; Markarar, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 343; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 7; — G. neglectum (non BL.) RIDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 151; — G. campestre GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 275; — G. sylvestre GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 275. PODOCARPACEAE Nageia wallichiana (PREsL) O.KUNTZE; DE LAUBENFELS, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 391; — Podocarpus blumei ENDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 281; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 717; — Decussocarpus wallichianus (PRESL) DE LAUBENFELS; DE LAUBENFELS, J. Arn. Arb. 50 (1969) 349; — Podocarpus wallichianus PRESL; KENG, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 53; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 3. Podocarpus polystachyus R. Br. ex ENDL.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 282: KenG, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 53; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 772; DE LAUBENFELS, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 417; KEN, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 3; P. neriifolius non D. Don; Ripb_ey; J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 151. ANGIOSPERMAE ACANTHACEAE Acanthus ebracteatus VAHL; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121: Rpcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 577; HENDERsoNn, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 367; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 187. Acanthus ilicifolius L.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 577. Acanthus volubilis WaA.L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 577; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 187. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) WALL. ex Nees; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 582; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 25; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 187. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. ANDERs.; CorLett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 187; — A. coromandeliana Nees; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 586; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 373. af 22 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 Asystasia nemorum NEEs; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 187; —A. intrusa BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 585; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 373. Calophanoides quadrifaria RIDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 593; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 188. | Hemigraphis confinis T. ANDERS.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 569; SincLairR Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 34. ? Hemigraphis primulifolia (NEEs) F.-ViLL.; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 128. Hygrophila erecta (Burm. f.) Hocur.; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 189; — H. quadrivalvis NEES; RIDLeY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 566. Hygrophila meianthos CLARKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 566; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 189. Hygrophila phlomoides NEgs; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 567; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 370; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 189; — H. salicifolia NEES; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121. Hygrophila spinosa T. ANpers.; RIpDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 567; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 189. Jacobinia coccinea (AuBL.) HIERN; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 189. Justicia vasculosa WALL.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 598; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 189; — J. andrographoides CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121. Peristrophe acuminata Nees; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 122; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 609; HENpERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 369; KENG , Conc. FL. Sina. (1990) 189. Peristrophe roxburghiana (SCHULT.) BREMEK.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 189; — P. montana Nees; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 122; — P. tinctoria NEES; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 609. Pseuderanthemum kingii (CLARKE) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 591; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 190. Ruellia repens L.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 564; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 371; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 190. Staurogyne griffithiana (NEES) O. KUNTzeE; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 561; BREMEKAMP, Reinwardtia 3 (1955) 181; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 190; — Ebermaiera griffithiana (NEES) T. ANDERS.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121. Staurogyne kingiana CLARKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 560; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 369; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 34; BREMEKAMP, Reinwardtia 3 (1955) 193. 212 213 214 245 216 217 218 219 220 221 tee 223 Staurogyne setigera (NEES) O. Kuntze; RIpDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 559; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 369; BREMEKAMP, Reinwardtia 3 (1955) 187; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 190; — Ebermaiera setigera NEES; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121. Strobilanthes palawanensis ELm.; TERAO, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 34 (1983) 120; — Endopogon ridleyi CLARKE; RIDLEY, FL. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 570; KENG, Conc. Fl. Singapore (1990) 188. Thunbergia alata Boj. ex Sims; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 121; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 557; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 190. Thunbergia dasychlamys BREMEKAmpP, Verhand. Konin. Ned. Akad. Weten., Afd. Natuur. 4 (1955) 53. Thunbergia fragrans Roxs., RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1990) 121; RIp.ey, FL. MAL. Pen 2 (1923) 557; HENDERSON, MAL. WILD FL. bic. (1959) 366; Cor ett, J. Bioceoa. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. F. Sina. (1990) 191. Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxs. ex RottL.) Roxs.; Rmiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 557; Cor.etT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 191. ACTINIDIACEAE Saurauia pentapetala (JAck) HooGL.; HOoGLAND, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 5; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 46; —S. tristyla DC.;: Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48 (“Saurauja’), RiwLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 207, p.p.. AGAVACEAE Dracaena aurantiaca WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 99; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 336; Keno, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 117. Dracaena brachystachys Hook. f.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 96; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 336 (“trachystachys”’); KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 117. Dracaena elliptica THuNB.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 100; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 337; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 117; D. gracilis WALL.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 1696. Dracaena granulata Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 95; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 332; KenG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 118. Dracaena maingayi Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 98; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 335; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 191; Kenc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 118. 23 24 224 22) 226 Zot 228 229a 229b 230 231 232 232 Dracaena porteri Bak.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 97; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 333; KenG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 118. Dracaena singapurensis RIpDL.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 97; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 334; KeNG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 118. Dracaena umbratica RIDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 334; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 182; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 118; — D. terniflora (non Roxs.) RIDL.; Rm.Ley, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 97. AIZOACEAE Mollugo pentaphylla L.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 867; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1484; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 172; Backer, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 268; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 58; — M. stricta L.; Rwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 88. Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 88; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 866; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1998; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 171; Backer, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 272; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 58. ALANGIACEAE Alangium ebenaceum (CLARKE) HArMs var. ebenaceum; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 893; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 57; — Marlea ebenacea CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89. Alangium ebenaceum var. tutela (RIDL.) KOCHUMMEN; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 57; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 130; —A. tutela RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 894, — Marlea sp. “Kayu Tas”, Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 90. Alangium griffithii (CLARKE) HARMS; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 58; — A. uniloculare (GriFF.) KING; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 894 — Marlea griffithii CLARKE, RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 90. Alangium nobile (CLARKE) Harms; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 892; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 58; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 130; Marlea nobilis CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89. Alangium ridleyi KiNG; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 893; KocHUMMEn, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 59; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 130. Alangium salviifolium (L./f.) WANG.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 57; — A. lamarckii Tuw.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 892. 234 235 236 237 238 po 240 241 242 243 244 AMARANTHACEAE Achyranthes aspera L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 8; BAcKer, Fl. Males. I 4’ (1949) 88; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 413; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. Coo) SY: Allmania nodiflora R. Br. ex WicuT; RIbLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; Riwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 5; Backer, Fl. Males. I 4* (1949) 74; HENpDerSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 409; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 57. Alternanthera bettzichiana (REGEL) Voss; Mears, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 129 (1977) 16; — A. ficoidea (L.) R. BR. ex R. & S.; BACKER, FI. Males. I 47 (1949) 93; Sinciair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1952) 35; Cortetr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 57. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) GrisEB.; BACKER, Fl. Males. I 4? (1949) 93; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1952) 35; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 126; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 10; Backer, Fl. Males. I 47 (1949) 92: KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 57; — A. triandra LAMK.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 116; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 412. Amaranthus blitum L.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 411; FiLyias, GAULLIEZ & GUEDES, Taxon 29 (1980) 149; — A. lividus L.; BACKER, Fl. Males. I 4 (1949) 77; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 57. Amaranthus spinosus L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 6; Backer, Fl. Males. I 4? (1949) 78; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 410; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 57. Celosia argentea L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 5; Backer, FI. Males. I 4? (1949) 73; Cor.eTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 57. Cyathula prostrata (L.) BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 7; Backer, Fl. Males. I 4? (1949) 82; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 413; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 57. AMARYLLIDACEAE Crinum asiaticum L.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 167; RIpDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 68; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 301; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 164; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 120. ANACARDIACEAE Anacardium occidentale L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 526; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 143; CorRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 100; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 8° (1977) 421; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 109; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 123. 25 26 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 Bouea macrophylla Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 520; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 355; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 101; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 468; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 110; KocHuMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 14; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 123. Bouea oppositifolia (Roxs.) MeIsn.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8* (1977) 466; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 110; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 14; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 123; — B. burmanica GriFF.; Rupey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; —B. microphylla Grirr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 519; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 355; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 101. Buchanania arborescens (BL.) BL.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8* (1977) 415; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 111; KocHUMMen, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 16; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 123; — B. florida SCHAU.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67 (incl. var. lucida & var. petiolaris); — B. lucida BL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 518; BurkiL, Dict. (1935) 378, CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 102. Buchanania sessifolia BL.; (“sessilifolia’) RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 519; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 378; DinG Hou, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 418; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 111; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 16; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 123. Campnosperma auriculatum (BL.) Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 534 (incl. var wallichii (KiNG) RIDL.); BurkIL, Dict. (1935) 421; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 104; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. 18? (1977) 529; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 112; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 18; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 123; — C. wallichii KinG; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; — C. griffithii (non March.) Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68. Campnosperma coriaceum (JAck) HALL. f. ex STEENIS; DING Hou, Fl. Males. I 8° (1977) 530; KoCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 20; — C. griffithii MaRcH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 534. One specimen, Cantley’s collector s.n., s.loc., 188?, Flora of Singapore, det. Ding Hou Campnosperma squamatum RipL.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 532; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 113; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 20; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 123; — C. minor CoRNER; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 104. Gluta wallichii (Hook. f) Dinc Hou; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 456; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 30; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 123; — Melanorrhoea maingayi Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; — Melanorrhoea wallichii Hook. f.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 529; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1438; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 120; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 130; — Melanorrhoea woodsiana Scort. ex KING; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 530; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 120; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 130. 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 Mangifera caesia Jack; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 525; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1401; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 108; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 438; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 117; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 33; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124; — M. kemanga BL.:; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 525. Mangifera foetida Lour.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 524; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1402; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 109; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 8° (1977) 435; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 118; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 35; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124. Mangifera griffithii Hook.f; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 521; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 430; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 118; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 35; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124; — M. sclerophylla Hook. f.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 521; — M. microphylla Grirr. ex Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 521; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1407; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 111. Mangifera lagenifera Grirr.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 525; Burkit, Dict. (1935) 1406; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 110; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8° (1977) 433; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 120; KocHuMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 36; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124. Mangifera macrocarpa BL.; Rip_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 524; MAxwe LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 191; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8° (1977) 439; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 37; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124. Mangifera odorata Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 524; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1407; CorNErR, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 111; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 437; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 120; KocHuMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 37; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124. Melanochyla auriculata Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68: Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 540; BurkiL, Dict. (1935) 1434; CorNEr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 119; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 495; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 128; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 41; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124. Melanochyla bracteata KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 540; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 496; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 42. Melanochyla caesia (BL.) Dinc Hou; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8° (1977) 498; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 42; — M. maingayi Hook. f.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 540; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1434; — M. kunstleri Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 539; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 8° (1977) 499; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124; — M. tomentosa var. glabrescens K. & V.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 539. 28 262 263 264 265 266 267 268a 268b 269 270 271 Parishia insignis Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 536; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1668; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 112; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 545; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 121; KocHummMen, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 45; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124; — P. pubescens Hook. f.; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 535; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 113; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) [22 Parishia maingayi Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 535; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 112; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. 18° (1977) 543; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 122; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 45. Parishia paucijuga ENGL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 536; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 113; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. 18? (1977) 544; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 122; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 46; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 124. Swintonia schwenkii (T. & B.) T. & B.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 532; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. 18? (1977) 443; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 57; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 124. ANCISTROCLADACEAE Ancistrocladus tectorius (Lour.) MERR.; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 4! (1948) 9; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 53; —A. pinangianus (WALL.) PLANCH.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 251; —A. extensus (WALL.) PLANCH.; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 155. ANNONACEAE Alphonsea maingayi Hook. f. & THoms.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 98; SINcLaiR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 384; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 67; KenG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 11. Anaxagorea javanica BL. var. javanica; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 129; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 347; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 68; Maas & WestrRA, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 105 (1985) 182; CorNgeR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 138; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 11. Anaxagorea javanica var. dipetala Corner; MAAS & WestRA, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 105 (1985) 184. Artabotrys costatus KiNG; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 43; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 255; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 11. Artabotrys crassifolius Hook. f. & THoms.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 40; SincLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 249; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 11. Artabotrys maingayi Hook. f. & THoms.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 42; Sinccair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 259; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 11. palm eT) Fr! Vee. wk le) oe ae! va ee a mes SF 272 273 274 243 276 PIS! 278 279 280 281 282 283 Artabotrys suaveolens (BL.) BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 42; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 256; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 11. Artabotrys wrayi KiNG; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 40; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 248; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12. Cyathocalyx ramuliflorus (MAINGAY ex Hook. f. & THOMS.) SCHEFF.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 243; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 71; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 143; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13; Drepananthus ramuliflorus MAINGAY ex Hook. f. & THoms.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 38; — Drepananthus pruniferus [non MainGay ex Hook. f. & Tuoms.] Ripv.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39. Cyathocalyx ridleyi (KING) SINCLAIR; SINcLaiR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 237; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 71; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13; Xylopia ridleyi Kinc; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 95. Cyathocalyx sumatranus ScuHeFrF.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 236; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 71; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13; Xylopia curtisti KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 90. Cyathostemma excelsum (Hook. f. & THoms.) SINCLAIR; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 226; — Uvaria excelsa WALL.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 34. One Singapore sheet with no other information. Cyathostemma hookeri Kinc; RipDtey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 38; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 28; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 223; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12. Cyathostemma viridiflorum Grirr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 27; SINcLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 221; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; — C. scortechinii KiNG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 38. Desmos chinensis Lour.; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 46; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 266; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; — Unona discolor VAHL; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39. Doubtfully wild in Singapore. Desmos dasymaschala (BL.) SAFFoRD; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 46; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 269; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; Unona dasymaschala BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39. Desmos dumosus (Roxs.) SAFFORD; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 46; SINcLaiR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 268; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; — Unona dumosa Roxs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39. Ellipeia cuneifolia Hook. f. & THoms.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 35; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 230; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12. 29 30 284 285 286 287 1288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 Fissistigma fulgens (Hook. f. & THoms.) Merr.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 353; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; — Melodorum fulgens Hook. f. & Tuoms.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 83. Fissistigma lanuginosum (Hook. f. & THoms.) Merr.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1955) 357; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; —Melodorum lanuginosum Hook. f. & THoms.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 86. Fissistigma latifolium (DUNAL) Merr. var. ovoideum (KING) SINCLAIR; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1955) 359; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 12; —Melodorum latifolium (DUNAL) Hook. f. & THOoMs. var. ovoideum KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 85. Fissistigma manubriatum (Hook. f. & THoMs.) Merr.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 355; — Melodorum manubriatum Hook. f. & THOoMs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 84. Friesodielsia biglandulosa (BL.) STEENIS, Blumea 12 (1964) 358; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; — Oxymitra biglandulosa (Bv.) SCHEFF.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 81; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 459. Friesodielsia borneensis (Mig.) STEENIS, Blumea 12 (1964) 358; — Oxymitra borneensis Mig. var. sumatrana Mig.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 458. Friesodielsia calycina (KING) STEENIS, Blumea 12 (1964) 358; — Oxymitra calycina KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 81; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 451. One doubtful specimen. Friesodielsia excisa (Mig.) STEENIS, Blumea 12 (1964) 359; — Oxymitra calycina Mig.; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 452. Friesodielsia glauca (Hook. f. & THoMs.) STEENIS, Blumea 12 (1964) 359; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; — Oxymitra glauca Hook. f. & THoms.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 82; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 460. Friesodielsia latifolia (Hook. f. & THoms.) STEENIS, Blumea 12 (1964) 360; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 12; — Oxymitra latifolia Hook. f. & THOms.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 81; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 456. Goniothalamus macrophyllus (BL.) Hook. f. & THoms.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 66; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 446; KocHumMen, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 76; MAxweELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 229; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 13. Goniothalamus malayanus Hook. f. & Tuoms.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 66; Sinccair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 432; Kocuummen, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 75; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13. RY 296 Goniothalamus ridleyi Kinc; Ripuey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; RIpDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 68; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 437; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 76; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13. 297 Goniothalamus tapis Miq.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 67; SincLarr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 444; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 76; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 144; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13. 298 Melodorum aberrans (Maine. ex Hook. f. & THoms.) SINCLAIR; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 369. One poorly localised specimen. 299 Meiogyne virgata (BL.) Mig.; Sinclair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 277; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 77; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13; — Cyathocalyx virgatus (BL.) KiNG; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 36. 300 Mezzettia parviflora BEcc.; VAN DER HEUDEN & KEssLeR, Blumea 35 (1990) 222; — M. leptopoda (Hook. f. & THoms.) OLiv.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 42; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 100; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 327; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 78; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13; — M. curtisii KING; RipD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 101; SiNcvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 328; KocHumMern, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 78. 301 Miliusa longipes Kinc; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 96; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 379; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 79; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 13. 302 Mitrella kentii (BL.) Mig.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 365; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13; — Melodorum pisocarpum Hook. f. & THoMs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 88; — Melodorum elegans Hook. f. & THoms.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 88. 303 Monocarpia marginalis (ScHEFF.) SINCLAIR; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 273; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 80; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13; — Cyathocalyx maingayi Hook. f. THomMs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 37. Sinclair (/oc. cit.) says not recorded from Singapore. 304 Orophea hastata KiNG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 71; Stncvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 397; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 83. 305 Phaeanthus ophthalmicus (Roxs. ex G. Don) SINCLAIR; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 374; KocHUMMgEnN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 84; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 13; — P. nutans Hook. f. & THoms.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 95. hf 306 307 308 +309 SiO 311 312 313 314 315 316 Polyalthia angustissima RIDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 53; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 286; KocHuMMENn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 86; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 13. Polyalthia bullata Kinc; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 55; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 300; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 86. One doubtful specimen. Polyalthia cauliflora Hook. f. & THoms.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 53; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 292; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 86; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13; — Unona desmantha Hook. f. & THOMs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; — P. beccarii KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 50; — P. desmantha (Hook. f. & THOMsS.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 49; — P. pycnantha Kina; RID_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 51. According to Sinclair (loc. cit. p. 295) all specimens from Singapore are var. cauliflora except one intermediate to var. beccarii Polyalthia clavigera Kinc; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 318; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 87; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14; — P. glomerata KiNG; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 59. Polyalthia glauca (HAssk.) MUELL.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 321; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 88; Rocstap, J. Arn. Arb. 70 (1989) 209; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 13. Polyalthia hookeriana KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 58; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 312; KocHumMMeENn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 87; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13. Polyalthia hypoleuca Hook. f. & THoms.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 53; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1955) 320; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 88; Rocstap, J. Arn. Arb. 70 (1989) 227; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13. Polyalthia jenkensii (H. & T.) Hook. f. & Thoms.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 305; KocHuMMeN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 88; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 13. Polyalthia lateriflora (BL.) KING; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 59; SINcLAiR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 310; KocHUMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 88; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 13. Polyalthia macropoda KiNG; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 60; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 316; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 87; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. Polyalthia rumphii Merr.; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 306; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 89; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14; — P. scortechinii Kinc; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 56. Dee 33 317 Polyalthia sclerophylla Hook. f. & THoms.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 58; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1955) 311; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 87; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. 318 Polyalthia sumatrana (Mig.) Kurz; Ribcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 52; StncLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 319; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 91; Rocstap, J. Arn. Arb. 70 (1989) 220; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. 319 Popowia fusca KiNG; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 76; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 471; KocHuMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 92; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. 320 Popowia pisocarpa (BL.) ENDL.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 468; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 91; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14; P. ramosissima Hook. f. & THoMs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 75. 321 Popowia tomentosa Maine. ex Hook.f. & THoms.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 40; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 77; Stncvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 474; KocHumMerN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 92; KEeNa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. 322 Pyramidanthe prismatica (Hook. f. & THoms.) Merr.; SINcLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 362; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14; vAN SETTEN & Maas, Taxon 39 (1990) 686; — Melodorum prismaticum Hook. f. & THOMS.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 87; Melodorum cylindricum Hook. f. & THoms.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 84. 323 = Trivalvaria macrophylla (BL.) Mia.; SINcLAiR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1955) 196; KocHumMMeEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 94; — Popowia nervifolia MAING. ex Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 77. 324 Uvaria cordata (DUNAL) ALsTon; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 207; KeENnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14; — U. macrophylla Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 30. 325 Uvaria curtisii KING; RIpDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 32; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 206; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. 326 Uvaria grandiflora Roxs.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 202; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14; — U. purpurea BL.; RiD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 31. 327 Uvaria hirsuta JAck; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 31; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 203; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. 328 Uvaria leptopoda (KING) R.E. Fries; Sincair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 212; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14; — U. ridleyi (non KiNG) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 32. 34 329 330 331 332a 332b 333 334 335 336 337 Uvaria lobbiana Hook. f. & THoms.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 30; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 208; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 14; — U. subrepanda WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 39; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 34. Uvaria pauci-ovulata Hook. f. & THoms.; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 32; SincLaiR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 217; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 14. Xylopia caudata Hook. f. & THoms.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 93; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 339; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 95; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. Xylopia ferruginea (Hook. f. & THoms.) Hook. f. & THoms. var. ferruginea; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 93; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 136; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 343; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 95; CorNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 146; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14. Xylopia ferruginea var. oxyantha (Hook. f. & THoms.) SINCLAIR; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 345; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 96; X. oxyantha Hook. f. & THoms.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 90. Xylopia fusca MAING. ex Hook. f. & THoms.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 92; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1955) 337; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 96. Xylopia magna MAING. ex Hook. f. & THoms.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 93; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 338; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 97; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 14. Xylopia malayana Hook. f. & THoms.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 91; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 340; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 98; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 14; X. dicarpa Hook. f. & THoms.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 41; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 84; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 91, p.p.- APOCYNACEAE Alstonia angustifolia WALL. ex A. DC.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 348; Corner, Ways. Trees I sted. (1940) 141; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 8; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 151; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 143. | Alstonia angustiloba Mig.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 347; WuiTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 9; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 151; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 143; —A. scholaris |non (L.) R.Br.] Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110. . 338 339 340a 340b 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 Alstonia spatulata BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110 (“spathulata”); RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 346; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 116; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 142; Sincvarr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 29; WuitTMorE, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 12; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 152: KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 143. Alyxia pilosa Mig.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 332; Marxkarar, Blumea 23 (1977) 382. Alyxia reinwardtii BL. var. lucida (WALL.) MARKGRAF; MARKGRAF, Blumea 23 (1977) 389; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 143; —A. lucida WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 332; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 279. Alyxia reinwardtii var. meiantha (Starr) MARKGRAF; MARKGRAF, Blumea 23 (1977) 389; — A. forbesii K. & G.; Riwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 334. Anodendron candolleanum WIGHT; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 362; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 143. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 144; — Vinca rosea L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110; — Lochnera rosea L. Rcus. ex STEUD.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 281. Cerbera manghas L.; WuitMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 12; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 153; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 144; — C. lactaria Hao.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 339. Cerbera odollam Gaertn.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 339; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 144; WuiTMore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 12; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 153; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 144. Chilocarpus vernicosus BL.; MArkGrar, Blumea 19 (1971) 161. Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook. f:; RIpDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 345; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 513; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 143; Wuitmore, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 13; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 154; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 144; — D. laxiflora Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 345. Epigynum forbesii Kinc & GAMBLE; MAxweELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 192. Kopsia singapurensis Rip_.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 336; WuiTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 19; MarxGrar, Blumea 20 (1972) 409; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 144; — K. macrophylla (non Hook. f.) Ripi.; Rioey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110. Type of Kopsia macrophylla Hook. f. is a Lobb collection reportedly from Singapore but probably actually from Penang. 36 349 350 351 252 353 354 355 356 a57 358 359 360 Leuconotis griffithii Hook. f; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; Riwey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 329; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 144. Leuconotis maingayi Dyer ex Hook. f.; RipbLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 329; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 144. Melodinus micranthus Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 331; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 144. Neisosperma oppositifolium (Lamk.) Foss. & SAcH.; MARKGRAF, Blumea 25 (1979) 243; — Ochrosia borbonica auct. non GMEL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 340; — Ochrosia oppositifolia (LAMK.) K. SCHUM.; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 1597; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 147; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 20; LEEUWENBERG, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 87-5 (1987) 51; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 157; KeENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 145. Parameria glandulifera BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 358; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 145. Parameria polyneura Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 359; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 145. Parsonsia helicandra Hook. & ARN.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 280; Ken, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 145; — P. spiralis WALL. ex KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 350. Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz; BEENTJE, Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 82-4 (1982) 54; — S. dichotomus DC.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 356; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 145. Strophanthus singaporianus (WALL. ex G. Don) GILG; BEENTJE, Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 82-4 (1982) 139; —S. brevicaudatus WIGHT; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; RrpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 354; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 145. Tabernaemontana corymbosa Roxs. ex WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 23; LEEUWENBERG, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 87-5 (1987) 5; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 161; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 145; — T. hirta Hook. f.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110; — Ervatamia corymbosa (Roxs. ex WALL.) K. & G.; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 341; — Ervatamia jasminiflora Rw .; RIDcey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 342. Tabernaemontana pauciflora BL.; LEEUWENBERG, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 87-5 (1987) 20; — T. malaccensis Hook. f.; RiDey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 110; HeNperson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 282; Wuirmore, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 23; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 161; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 145; — Ervatamia malaccensis (Hook. f.) K. & G.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 343. Urceola brachysepala Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 357; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146. 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 Urceola lucida (DC.) Hook. f.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 358; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146. Urceola maingayi Hook. /.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 357; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146. Urceola malaccensis Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 357; KeNa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146. Urceola torulosa Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 358; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146. Urnularia flavescens (Hook. f.) StapF; MARKGRAF, Blumea 20 (1972) 409; — Willughbeia flavescens DYER ex Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109, p.p.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 325 (excl. var. rufescens); — W. apiculata Mig.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146, p.p. Urnularia rufescens (Hook. f.) STAPF ex S. Moore; MArKGrar, Blumea 20 (1972) 409; — Willughbeia flavescens Dyer ex Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109, p.p.; — Willughbeia flavescens DYER ex Hook. f. var. rufescens RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 325; — W. apiculata Miq.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146, p.p. Willughbeia angustifolia (Mig.) MARKGRAF; MARKGRAF, Blumea 20 (1972) 414; — W. sp.; Ruwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; — W. apiculata Mig.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146, p.p. Willughbeia coriacea WALL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 323; MarxGrar, Blumea 20 (1972) 412; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146; — W. firma BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108: RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 323. Willughbeia dulcis RipL.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 325; BurkiL, Dict. (1935) 2301; MarkoraF, Blumea 20 (1972) 414. Willughbeia grandiflora Dyer ex Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 322; Marxcrar, Blumea 20 (1972) 411. Willughbeia tenuiflora Dyer ex Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 109; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 325; Marxcrar, Blumea 20 (1972) 413; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 146. Wrightia laevis Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 353; Ncan, Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 52 (1965) 136; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 24. AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex cymosa BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 442; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 328; Kiew, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 3; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 163; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 114. 37 38 374 375 376 a7 378 379 380 381 382 Ilex macrophylla Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 442; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 329; Kiew, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 8; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 164; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 114; —J. venulosa Hook. f.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 442. Ilex maingayi Hook. /.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 440; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 329; Kiew, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 8; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 164; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 114. ARACEAE Aglaodorum griffithii (ScHorr) ScHotr; NicoLson, Smithsonian Contrb. Bot. 1 (1969) 61; — Aglaonema griffithii ScHotr; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 19; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 100; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 227. Aglaonema nebulosum N.E. Brown; Nico_son, Smithsonian Contrb. Bot. 1 (1969) 31; — A. minus Hook. f.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907)1; — A. pictum [non (RoxB.) KUNTH] RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 102, HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 228. Aglaonema nitidum (JACK) KuNTH; NicoLtson, Smithsonian Contrb. Bot. 1 (1969) 34; —A. oblongifolium Scuott; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 20; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 100; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 228. Aglaonema simplex BL.; NicoLson, Smithsonian Contrb. Bot. 1 (1969) 39; — A. nitidum N.E. Brown; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; — A. schottianum Miq.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 20; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 101; — A angustifolium N.E. Brown; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 20; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 101; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 228. Alocasia denudata ENGL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 17; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 97; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 226. Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don; Ripbcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 18; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 99: HenpersSOoN, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 226; Hay & Wise, Blumea 35 (1991) 532; — A. indica (Lour.) Kocu; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177. Amorphophallus prainii Hook. f.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 13; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 94. 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 Amydrium medium (Z. & M.) Nicotson; Nicotson, Blumea 16 (1968) 124; — Anadendrum medium (Z. & M.) Scuott; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; — Raphidophora huegelii Scuott; Rey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 45 ( “huegeliana” );—— Epipremnopsis media (Z. & M.) ENGL.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 120; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 236. Anadendrum montanum (BL.) ScHott; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; Rey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 36; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 115; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 234. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 223; — C. antiquorum ScuotT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; Rip ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 13; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 94. Cryptocoryne ciliata (RoxB.) FISCHER ex WYDLER; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 4; RipDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 86; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 218. Cryptocoryne griffithii ScHott; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 5; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 87. Cyrtosperma merkusii (HAssk.) ScHott; Hay, Blumea 33 (1988) 430; — C. lasioides GriFF.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179; Ripiey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 47; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 127; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 242. Epipremnum giganteum (Roxs.) ScHott; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 119; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 235; — Rhaphidophora gigantea (RoxB.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 44. Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) ENGL.; Nicotson, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 6 (1988) 32; — Rhaphidophora caudata ScuotT; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 46; — E. mirabile Scuott; R.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 119. Homalomena griffithii (ScHotr) Hook. f.; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 26; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 106; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 230; — H. ovata (Scuott) ENGL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; —H. kingii Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178. Homalomena humilis (Jack) Hook. f. var. pumila (Hook. f.) FurTapDo; Hotta, Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra (1986) 88 (in Appendix); H. pumila Hook. f.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 26; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 104. Homalomena pendula (BL.) Baku. f.; Hotta, Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra (1986) 96 (in Appendix); — H. coerulescens JuNGH. ex Mia.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 24; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 104. 39 40 394 395 396 kl 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 Homalomena rostrata Grirr.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 24; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 103; Horta, Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra (1986) 100 (in Appendix); — H. paludosa Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178. Homalomena sagittifolia JUNGH. ex ScHotT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 23; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 103. Lasia spinosa (L.) THw.; Hay, Blumea 33 (1988) 459; — L. heterophylla (Roxs.) SCHOTT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179; — L. aculeata Lour.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 46; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 125; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 241. Pistia stratiotes L.; RmLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 3; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 85; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 216. Pothos latifolius Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 49; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 129; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 241; — P. curtisii Hook. f.; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179. Rhaphidophora korthalsii ScHotr; RipLtey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 45; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 124; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 238. Rhaphidophora lobbii Scuott; RIDey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 41; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 122; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 238. Rhaphidophora maingayi Hook. f.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 43; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 123. Rhaphidophora minor Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 41; Rmp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 121. Rhaphidophora sylvestris (BL.) ENGL. var. montana (BL.) NICOLSON Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxs.) Z. & M.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 31; Rm.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 111; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 231; —S. longipes Hook. f.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178. Schismatoglottis wallichii (Roxs.) Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 33; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 112; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 232. Scindapsus hederaceus (Z. & M.) Miq.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 38; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 117; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 235. Scindapsus pictus Hassk.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 178; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 37; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 117. 408 409 410 4i1 412 413 414 415 416 417 Typhonium flagelliforme (Lopp.) BL.; NicoLson & SIVADASAN, Blumea 27 (1981) 489; — T. cuspidatum (BL.) BL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 11; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 91. Typhonium roxburghii Scuortt; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 177; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 10; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 90; NIcoLson & SIVADASAN, Blumea 27 (1981) 492. Typhonium trilobatum (L.) ScHotr; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 90; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 220; NicoLson & SIVADASAN, Blumea 27 (1981) 488. ARALIACEAE Arthrophyllum diversifolium BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89; STONE, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 17; Puiuirson, Fl. Males. 1 9' (1979) 60; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 166; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 131; — A. ovatifolium JUNGH. & DE VRIESE; (A. ovalifolium Mig.) RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 885. Schefflera cephalotes (CLARKE) Harms; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 875; Fropin, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 31; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 131; Heptapleurum cephalotes CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89; — §. capitellata RIwL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 876. Schefflera elliptica (BL.) Harms; Fropin, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 29; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 131; — S. micrantha [non (CLARKE) GAMBLE] (MiQ.) RID.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 881; —S. venulosa [non (W. & A.) HARMS] RipDt.; RD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 880 (incl. var. curtisii RIDL.); HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 179. Schefflera hullettii (Kinc) Vicurer; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 877; Fropin, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 32; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 131; —Heptapleurum hullettii KiNG; RIw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89; — S. elegans (RIDL.) Rip_.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 878; — S. scortechinii (KING) VIGUIER; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 876. Schefflera lanceolata RipL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 875; Fropin, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 28; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 131; — Heptapleurum avene (non SEEMANN) KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89. Schefflera oxyphylla (Mig.) VicurER; Fropin, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 35; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 132; — Heptapleurum subulatum Mia.; Rww_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89; —S. subulata (MiQ.) VIGUIER; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 878; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 178; Fropin, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 30; — S. subracemosa (KING) ViIGUIER; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 878; — S. klossii Rwi.; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 876. Schefflera ridleyi (KING) VicutER; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 879; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 179; Fropin, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 29; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 132; — Heptapleurum ridleyi Kinc; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89. 4] 42 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 Trevesia burckii BoerL.; STONE, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 33, Puiipson, FI. Males. I 9! (1979) 97; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 132; — T. cheirantha (CLARKE) O.K.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1,(1922) 882; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 170. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia jackii StEup.; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 88; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 55; —A. ungulifolia Mast.; 126; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 18; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 422. Thottea dependens (PLANcH.) KLotscH.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 16; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2156; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 424; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. 1 10! (1984) 71; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 55. Thottea grandiflora Rotrs.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 16; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2156; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 10! (1984) 75; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 55. ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias curassavica L.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 379; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 288; CorLETT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 147. Cynanchum ovalifolium WiGcuT; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 381; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 293; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 147. Dischidia albida Grirr.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 407; Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 100. Dischidia albiflora Grirr.; Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 94; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148; — D. collyris WALL.; RIw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 404. Dischidia bengalensis Co.esr.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 405; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 300; Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 97; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148. Dischidia cochleata BL.; Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 90; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148; — D. coccinea Grirr.; RIwLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 404; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 301. Dischidia hirsuta (BL.) Decne.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RIDLeY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 406; HENperson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 302; Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 94; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148. Dischidia major (VAHL) Merr.; Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 92; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 148; — D. rafflesiana WALL.; Rio.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 405; Henperson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 300. 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 44] 442 Dischidia nummularia R. Br.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RinTz, Blumea 26 (1980) 98; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148; —D. gaudichaudii DEcNE.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 406; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 301. Dischidia singaporensis RIDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 407; Rin1z, Blumea 26 (1980) 92; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148. Finlaysonia obovata WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 89; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 373; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148; — F. maritima (non BACKER ex HEYNE) HEYNE; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 289. Genianthus maingayi Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 378; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148. Hoya campanulata BL.; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 495; — Physostelma wallichii WiGuHT; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; Rmp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 411; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 295; KENa, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 149. Hoya coriacea BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 397; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 495; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 148. Hoya coronaria BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 400; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 298; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 505; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148. Hoya diversifolia BL.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 396; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 298; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 517; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148. Hoya finlaysonii WiGHT; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 397; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 511; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 148. Hoya lacunosa BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; RiD.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 395; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 490; KeNnc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 148. Hoya latifolia G. Don; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; Rmp.ey, F1. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 395; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 297; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 508; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 148. Hoya obtusifolia WicHT; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 399; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 520; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 149. Hoya parasitica (Roxs.) WALL. ex WiGHT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 396; Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 514; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 149; — H. ridleyi K. & G.; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 401; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 299. 43 443 445 446 447 448 449 450 45] 452 453 454 455 Hoya revoluta WicuT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 113; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 401. Sarcolobus globosus WALL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RIDLeyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 382; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 290; Rintz, Blumea 26 (1980) 72; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 149. Secamone elliptica R. Br., Forster, Austrobaileya 3 (1989) 70; KLACKENBERG, Kew Bull. 47 (1992) 606; —S. micrantha (DEcNE.) DECNE.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 375; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 294. Stephanotis maingayi Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; Riwcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 389; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 149. Toxocarpus griffithii DECNE.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 111; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 376; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 292; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 149. Tylophora indica (Bur. f.) MERR.; HUBER, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 4 (1983) 91; — T. asthmatica (RoxsB.) W. & A.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 392; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 149. Tylophora squarrosa RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 392; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 149; — T. wallichii Hook. f.; Rwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 391. Tylophora tenuissima (Roxs.) WIGHT & ARN. ex WIGHT; HuBgr, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 4 (1983) 96; — T. tenuis BL.; Rwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 112; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 391; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 294; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 149. AVICENNIACEAE Avicennia alba BL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 641; KocHUMMkgn, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 299; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 192; Duke, Aust. Syst. Bot. 4 (1991) 307. Avicennia marina (Forsk.) VIERH.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 300; KeENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 192; Duke, Aust. Syst. Bot. 4 (1991) 311; —A. intermedia GrirF.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 641; —A. spherocarpa STAPF ex Ript.; Rmvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 642. Avicennia officinalis L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 124; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 640; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 300; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 192; Duke, Aust. Syst. Bot. 4 (1991) 319. Avicennia rumphiana HA -. f.; Duke, Aust. Syst. Bot. 4 (1991) 321; — A. lanata RiDL.; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 641; KocHuMMEn, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 300; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 192. BALSAMINACEAE Hydrocera triflora (L.) WicHt & Arn.; TAN ef al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 128. 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 BIGNONIACEAE Deplanchea bancana (ScHEFF.) STEEN.; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 137; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 37; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 175; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 183; — Diplanthera bancana ScuerFr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 552. Dolichandrone spathacea (L. f.) K. ScHUM.; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 142; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 39; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 176; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 183; —D. rheedii SEEM.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 549. Pajanelia longifolia (WILLD.) K. ScHUM.; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 8* (1977) 163; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 40; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 179; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 183; — P. multijuga DC.; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 549. Radermachera pinnata (BLANCO) SEEM. ssp. acuminata (STEEN.) STEEN.; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 154; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 42; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 181; — Stereospermum hypostictum (non Mig.) Ripi.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120; — R. amoena [non (WALL.) SEEM.] GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 551; —R. lobbii (T. & B.) Mig.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 168; — R. gigantea [non (BL.) Mig.] Burk.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 184. Spathodea campanulata P. BEAuv.; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 185; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 182; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 184. Stereospermum personatum (Hassk.) CHATTERJEE; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 148; KocHuUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 44; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 184; Keng 184; —S. chelonoides [non (L.f.) DC.] DC.; Rwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 550; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 172; — S. colais (BucH.-HamM. ex DILLwyNn) MABBERLEY, Taxon 27 (1979) 553. BOMBACACEAE Coelostegia griffithii BENTH.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 52; Rpcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 266; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 436; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 106; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 191; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 91. Durio griffithii (Mast.) BAKH.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 110; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 194; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 91; — Boschia griffithii Mast.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 52; Rmp.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 265. Durio singaporensis RIDL.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 113; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 195; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 91; — D. oblongus (non Mast.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 438. 46 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 Neesia altissima (BL.) BL.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 118; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 91. Neesia malayana BAKH.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 118; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 91. Neesia synandra Mast.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; Ria.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 265; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 119; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 91. BONNETIACEAE Ploiarium alternifolium (VAHL) MELcHIoR; KENG, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 288; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 724; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 50; — Archytaea vahlii Cuotsy; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 49; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 208; CorNngr, Ways. Trees, 2nd ed. (1952) 627. BORAGINACEAE Carmona retusa (VAHL) Masam.; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 59; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 175; — Ehretia buxifolia RoxB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 442. Cordia cylindristachya R. & S.; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 176; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 311; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 198; Cor.eTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 60; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 175. Cordia dichotoma Forster f.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 198; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 60; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 175; — C. myxa (non L.) Rww.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; — C. obliqua WILLD.; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 439; — C. griffithii CLARKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 439; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 198; —C. premnifolia RDL.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 439. Cordia subcordata LAMK.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 439; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 175; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 33; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 199; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 62; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 175. Heliotropium indicum L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 441; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 310; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 58; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 175. Pteleocarpa lamponga (MiqQ.) BAKH. ex HEynE; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 64; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 175; —P. malaccensis OLIv.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 464. Tournefortia tetranda BL.; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 58; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 175; —T. wallichii DC.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; Rwvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 441; HENperson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 309. . ) 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 BURMANNIACEAE Burmannia championii THw.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 72; RDLeY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 306; Jonker, Fl. Males. 14! (1948) 17; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 172; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 123; —B. tuberosa BeEcc.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 152; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 72; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 306. Burmannia coelestis D. Don; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 152; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 71; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 304; JoNKER, Fl. Males. 14! (1948) 17; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 171; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 123. Gymnosiphon aphyllus BL.; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 73; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 306; Jonker, Fl. Males. 14! (1948) 20; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 123; — G. borneense Becc.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153. Thismia aseroe BeEcc.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 308; JONKER, Fl. Males. I 4' (1948) 23; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 123. Thismia fumida RipL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 307; JONKER, Fl. Males. I 4' (1948) 23; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 123. BURSERACEAE Canarium grandifolium (RipL.) Lam; LEENHOouTs, Fl. Males. I 5? (1955) 275; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 129; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 99; Trigonochlamys grandifolia RipL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 381. Canarium littorale BL.; LEENHouTs, Fl. Males. I 5* (1955) 256; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 130; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 99; —C. purpurascens BENN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 370; — C. rufum BENN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; RmpLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 372; — C. secundum BENN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 375. Canarium patentinervium Miq.; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 5? (1955) 258; KocHuUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 134; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 100; —C. nitidum BENN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; Rma.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 373. Canarium pilosum BEnn.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 372; LeENHouts, Fl. Males. I 5? (1955) 281; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 134; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 100; — C. grandiflorum BENN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 370. Dacryodes costata (BENN.) Lam; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 5? (1955) 222: KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 140; — Santiria costata BENN.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 380. 47 48 486 487 488 489 490 49] 492 493 494 495 496 497 Dacryodes laxa (BENN.) LAM; LEENHOUTS, Fl. Males. 157(1955) 224; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 141; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 100; — Santiria laxa (BENN.) KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 380. Dacryodes rostrata (BL.) Lam; LeeNHouts, Fl. Males. I 5? (1955) 225; KOcCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 143; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 100; — Canarium kadondon BeEnn.; RID_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 373. Santiria apiculata BENN.; RIDLeEy, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 378; LeeNHouts, Fl. Males. I 5* (1955) 234; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 146; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 100; — S. minutiflora RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 377. Santiria conferta BENN.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 379; LeENHouTs, FI. Males. I 5? (1955) 233; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 146; — Santiria wrayi KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 379. Santiria griffithii (Hook. f.) ENGL.; LEENHouTs, Fl. Males. I 5? (1955) 236; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 147; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 100; — Trigonochlamys griffithii Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 381. Santiria laevigata BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 378; LEENHOouTS, Fl. Males. 15? (1955) 232; KOoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 147; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 100. Santiria rubiginosa BL.; LEENHOuTS, Fl. Males. I 5? (1955) 236; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 151; — Canarium planchonii Kinc; Rwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; — Icicaster planchonii Rw .; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 381. Santiria tomentosa BL.; LEENHOUuTS, FI. Males. I 5? (1955) 231; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 151; — Santiria multiflora BENN.; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 380. Triomma malaccensis Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 369; Leenuouts, Fl. Males. I 5? (1955) 218; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 154; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 100. BUTOMACEAE Limnocharis flava (L.) Bucu.; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 5' (1954) 120; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 113; Cortertr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. CAMPANULACEAE Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G. Don; Skoa, Smith. Contrib. Bot. 77 (1991) 129; —TIsotoma longiflora(L.) PRESL; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 201; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 254; — Laurentia longiflora (L.) PETERM.; MOELIONO & Tuyn, Fl. Males. I 6' (1960) 140; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 164. Lobelia chinensis Lour.; MOELIONO & Tuyn, FI. Males. I 6' (1960) 130. 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 Lobelia zeylanica L.; MoELIONO & Tuyn, FI. Males. I 6' (1960) 128; KENc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 164; — Pratia begonifolia (non LINDL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 102; —L. affinis WALL. ex G. Don; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 200; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 255. CANNACEAE Canna indica L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 128. CAPPARACEAE Capparis micracantha DC. ssp. korthalsiana (Miq.) JAcoss; JAcoss, FI. Males. I 6' (1960) 86; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 23; — C. finlaysoniana WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 43; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 124. Cleome aculeata L.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 43; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 120; Jacoss, Fl. Males. I 6! (1960) 104; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 23. Cleome gynandra L.; Jacoss, Fl. Males. I 6' (1960) 101; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 23; — Gynandropsis pentaphylla (L.) DC.; RI.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 120; — Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Brig.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1119; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 25. Cleome rutidosperma DC.; Jacoss, Fl. Males. I 6' (1960) 104; Cor .errt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990). Cleome speciosa RaFin.; Jacoss, Fl. Males. I 6' (1960) 101; KENc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 23; — Gynandropsis speciosa DC.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1119. Cleome viscosa L.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 43; Rmp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 119; Jacoss, Fl. Males. I 6' (1960) 103; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 23; — C. icosandra L.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 581; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 24. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum sambucinum BL.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 90; RIDey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 1; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 183; KERN & VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 186; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 205; WonG & Saw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 67; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 164. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Drymaria cordata (L.) WILLD. ex ScHULTES; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 31; Cor.etrT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 56. 49 50 508 509 510 SL 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 CASUARINACEAE Casuarina equisetifolia J. R. & G. Forst.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; Riwcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 372; Nea, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 46; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 210; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 63. CECROPIACEAE Cecropia peltata L.; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 67. CELASTRACEAE Bhesa paniculata Arn.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 6” (1962) 282; KocCHUMMEN & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 160; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 213; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 115; — Kurrimia paniculata WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 452; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 189. Bhesa robusta (Roxs.) Dinc Hou; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 67 (1962) 283; KOCHUMMEN & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 161; CorNgrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 214; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 115; — Kurrimia pulcherrima WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; RipDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 452; — Kurrimia robusta Kurz; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 190. Cassine viburnifolia (Juss.) DING Hou; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 6” (1962) 286; KOCHUMMEN & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 161; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 115; — Elaeodendron subrotundum KinG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 453. Euonymus javanicus BL.; RIpcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 445; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 67 (1962) 248; KocHUMMEN & Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 162; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 115. Glyptopetalum quadrangulare PRAIN ex KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 445; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 257; KocHUMMEN & WuiITMoRE, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 162. Kokoona littoralis Laws.; Rmw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; DING Hou, FI. Males. I 6* (1962) 261; KocHUMMEN & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 164; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 115; — Lophopetalum littoralis Rw .; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 450. Kokoona reflexa (Laws.) Dinc Hou; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 262; KOCHUMMEN & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 164; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 115; — Lophopetalum reflexum Laws.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 449. Loeseneriella macrantha (Kortu.) A.C. SmitH; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 67 (1962) 398; — Hippocratea cumingii (non Laws.) RiDe.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; — Hippocratea macrantha Kortu.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 455. Lophopetalum multinervium Ripi.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 270; KOCHUMMEN & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 168. 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 SZ] 528 529 Lophopetalum wightianum Arn.; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6* (1962) 267; KOCHUMMEN & WHITMORE, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 169; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 115; —L. fimbriatum Wicut; Rww_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; Rpcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 448. Maytenus emarginata (WILLD.) Dinc Hou; Dinca Hou, FI. Males. I 67 (1962) 241; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 128. Reissantia indica (WILLD.) HALLE; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6? (1962) 401; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 115; — Hippocratea indica WILLD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 62; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 455. Salacia chinensis L.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 6* (1962) 419; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 116; — S. prinoides DC.; Riwxey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 459; —S. latifolia WALL. ex LAws.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 459. Salacia exsculpata Kortu.; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6? (1962) 417; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 116; — S. rubra Laws.; Riwcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 460. Salacia grandiflora Kurz; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63 (incl. var longifolia) Rey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 458; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6? (1962) 413; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 116. Salacia korthalsiana Mig.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 447; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6? (1962) 406; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 116. Salacia macrophylla BL.; Dinc How, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 412; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 116; —S. flavescens Kurz; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 459; —S. sp.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63. Salacia viminea WALL. ex Laws.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 456; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6? (1962) 418; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 116. CHLORANTHACEAE Chloranthus erectus (BucH.-HAM.) VERDCOURT; VERDCOURT, FI. Males. I 10(1) 131; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 63; — C. officinalis BL.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 128; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 52; Burk, Dict. (1935) 535; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 443. CHR YSOBALANACEAE Atuna racemosa RarFIN.; PRANCE, FI. Males. I 10* (1989) 669; — Parinarium asperulum Mig.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 670; — A. excelsa (Jack) KosTERM.; PRANCE & Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 324; — Parinari excelsa (JACK) KOSTERM.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 27. Chrysobalanus icaco L.; PRANce, Fl. Males. I 10* (1989) 643; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 27. 51 52 531 532 333 534 355 536 537 538 539 Licania splendens (KortH.) PRANCE; PRANCE & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 329; PRANcE, Fl. Males. I 10* (1989) 646; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 616; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 27; — Parinarium nitidum Hook. f.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; — Coccomelia nitida (Hook. f.) Ripc.; Rw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 671; — Angelesia splendens Kortu.; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 526. Maranthes corymbosa BL.; PRANCE & Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 330; PRANCE, Fl. Males. I 10* (1989) 673; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 27; — Parinarium griffithianum BENtTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 670; — Parinarium corymbosum (BL.) Miaq.; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1695; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 527; Corngr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 618. Parastemon urophyllus (WALL. ex A. DC.) A. DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 672; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1693; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 526; PRANCE & WuiTMorE, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 331; PRANCE, Fl. Males. I 10* (1989) 649; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 617; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 27. Parinari costata (KorTH.) BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 666; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1667; PRANCE & Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 333; PRANCE, Fl. Males. I 10* (1989) 663; — P. sumatrana (JACK) BENTH.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 27. Parinari oblongifolia Hook. f.; Rmp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 668; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 527; PRANCE & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 335; PRANCcE, Fl. Males. I 10* (1989) 659; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 618; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 27. COMBRETACEAE Combretum sundaicum Mig.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 80; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 708; BurkKiLL, Dict. (1935) 644; ExELL, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 542; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 75. Lumnitzera littorea (JAck) Voict; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 191; EXELL, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 586; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 174; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 214; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 75; — L. coccinea W. & A.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 707; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1372. Lumnitzera racemosa WILLD.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 707; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1373; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 191; ExeLi, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 588 (var. racemosa); KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 173; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 214; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 75. Quisqualis indica L.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 711; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1860; ExeLL, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 547; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 75. 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 Terminalia catappa L.; RDcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 705; BurkwL, Dict. (1935) 2137; CorNgr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 193; ExELL, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 566; KocHuMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 176; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 217; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 75. Terminalia phellocarpa Kinc; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 705; BurkmLL, Dict. (1935) 2141; CorNgr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 194; ExELL, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 579; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 178; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 218; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 75. Terminalia subspathulata Kinc; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 705; Burk, Dict. (1935) 2141; CorNgr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 195; ExELL, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 558; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 178; CorNngrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 218; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 75. COMMELINACEAE Amischotolype gracilis (RIDL.) ILM. TuRNER comb. nov.; — Forrestia gracilis RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 41 (1903) 37; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 123; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 359; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 124; — F. mollis Hassk. sensu Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170. Amischotolype marginata Hassk.; Flora 46 (1863) 391;— Forrestia marginata (HaAssk.) HAssk.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170, Riptey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 124; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 124. Commelina attenuata Koen.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 116; Rey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 352; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 124. Commelina benghalensis L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 116; Rmp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 353; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 198; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 124. Commelina diffusa Burm. f.; KeNc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 124; — C. nudiflora L.; RI.eY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 115; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 352; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 198. Cyanotis cristata (L.) D. Don; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; RID.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 121; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 358; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 197; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 124; —C. barbata D. Don; Rey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 120; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 358. Floscopa scandens Lovur.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 122; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 359; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 200; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 124. 53 54 550 551 IIe 353 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 Murdannia nudiflora (L.) BRENAN; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 125; — Aneilema nudiflorum Watv.; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; Ripcey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 118; Rww.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 355; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 201. Murdannia vaginata (L.) BRUECKN.; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 125; — Aneilema vaginatum (L.) R. Br.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 119; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 356. Pollia sorzogonensis ENDL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; Ripcey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 114; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 351; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 200; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 125; — Aclisia secundiflora (BL.) BAKH. f., Fl. Java 3 (1968) 658. COMPOSITAE Acanthospermum australe (LoEFL.) O. KUNTZE; CorLETT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 166; — A. brasilium SCHRANK; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 181. Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass.; Smitu, Fl. Vit. Nov. 5 (1991) 287; — Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 102; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 184; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 240; — Spilanthes labadicensis A. H. Moore; KEnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 170. Adenostemma viscosum J.R. & G. Forst.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 182; Smiru, Fl. Vit. Nov. 5 (1991) 272; — Adenostemma lavenia auctt., non (L.) O. KUNTZE; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 242; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 166. Ageratum conyzoides L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 182; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 241; CorLeTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 166. Bidens pilosa L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 183; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 239; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 167. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 192; HeNperRson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 247; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 167. Blumea junghuhniana (MiQ.) BoerL.; RANDERIA, Blumea 10 (1960) 235. Blumea lacera (Burs. f.) DC.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 193; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 167. Blumea membranacea DC.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; Rp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 193; RANpDgERIA, Blumea 10 (1960) 269. Blumea riparia (BL.) DC.; RANDERIA, Blumea 10 (1960) 213; — ?Vernonia scandens; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 100; — B. chinensis DC.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 192 (incl. var. riparia). 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. & Ascu.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 39; Cor.eETT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 167; — C. orbicularis Lour.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; Rmp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 195. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. Kinc & Rosinson; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; — Eupatorium odoratum L.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 168.. Conyza bonariensis (L.) CRoNnquist; Situ, Fl. Vit. Nov. 5 (1991) 307; — Erigeron linifolius WiLLD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; — Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.; Riwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 196; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 251; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 168; — C. floribunda HBK.; Grierson; Rev. Handb. FI. Ceyl. 1 (1980) 157. Crassocephalum crepidioides (BENTH. ) S. Moore; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 168; — E. alba (L.) HAsskK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 185; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 240. Elephantopus scaber L.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 180; HENDERSon, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 235; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 168. Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Scu.-Brr.; Corett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 168. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 102; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 191; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 250; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 168. Enydra fluctuans Lour.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 183; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 237; KeNG, Conc. Fi. Sing. (1990) 168. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) RarFin. ex DC.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 249; CortetT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 168. Erechtites valerianifolia (SpRENG.) DC.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 191; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 249; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 168; — Gynura pseudochina [non (L.) DC.] RDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 102. Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 246; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 169; —G. sarmentosa DC.; RWLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 102; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 189. Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. RoBINsoN; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 233; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 169; — M. scandens auct. non (L.) WILLD.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 181. Mikania micrantha H.B.K.; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 169. 35 56 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 585 Pluchea indica (L.) Less.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 194; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 245; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 169. Porophyllum ruderale (JAcqg.) Cass.; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 129. Sigesbeckia orientalis L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 184; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 170. Sparganophorus sparganophora (L.) C. JEFFREY, Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 272; — S. vaillantii CRANTZ, nom. illegit. superfl.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 179; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 243; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 170; — Struchium sparganophora (L.) O. KTZE.; GRrIERSON, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 1 (1980) 120. Sphaeranthus africanus L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 180; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 243; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 170. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) GAERTN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 102; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 184; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 237; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 170. Tridax procumbens L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 102; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 186; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 238; CorLETT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 170. Vernonia arborea Bucu.-Hao.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 100; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 196; CorNngrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 220; KENG, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 70; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 170; — V. javanica DC.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 187; — V. wallichii R«D..; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 186. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 100; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 188; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 252; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 171. Vernonia patula (DRYAND.) MERR.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 252; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 171; — V. chinensis Less.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 100; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 188. Wedelia biflora (L.) DC.; Rm.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 101; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 185; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 234; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 171; — Melanthera biflora (L.) WiLbD, Kirkia 5 (1965) 4; — Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC.; Situ, Fl. Vit. Nov. 5 (1991) 271. Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hircu.; Coretr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 171; — Complaya trilobata (L.) STROTHER, Syst. Bot. Monog. 33 (1991) 14. Xanthium inequilaterum DC.; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 171; — X. strumarium auct. non L.; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 181. 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 Youngia japonica (L.) DC.; Cortetr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 171; — Crepis japonica (L.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 197; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 236. CONNARACEAE Agelaea borneensis (Hook. f.) MERR.; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 5* (1958) 504; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 48; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 28; A. vestita Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 553. Agelaea macrophylla (ZoLL.) LEENH.; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 5* (1958) 502; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 48; JoNGkINnD, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 89-6 (1989) 167; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 28; — A. hullettii KinG; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 553; — A. trinervis (LLANOS) Merr.; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 5* (1958) 502; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 48; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 28; A. wallichii Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen! 141922) 353. Cnestis palala (Lour.) MErRR.; LEENHOUTS, Fl. Males. 15* (1958) 499; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 48; LemMens, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 89-6 (1989) 215; — C. ramiflora Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 554; —C. platantha Grirr.; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. 15* (1958) 499; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 48; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 28; Connarus ferrugineus JAck; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 68; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 545; Leennouts, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 530; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 49; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 28. Connarus grandis Jack; LEENHOUTS, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 529: KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 49; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 29; — C. ellipticus KinG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 547. Connarus monocarpus L. ssp. malayensis LEENH.; LEENHOUTS, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 538; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 50; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 29; — C. oligophyllus WALL. ex PLANCH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 546. Connarus planchonianus SCHELLENB.; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 5* (1958) 528; KOcHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 49; — C. grandis (non Jack) Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 547. Connarus semidecandrus JAck; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 546; LeeNnouts, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 534; KOcHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 49; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 29. Ellipanthus tomentosus Kurz; LEENHOuTs, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 521; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 50; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 29; — E. griffithii Hook. f.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 548; — E. curtisii KiNG; Rw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 548; — E. gibbosus KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 549. 57 58 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 Rourea fulgens PLANCH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 551; LeeNuHouts, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 519; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 51; KENa, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 29. Rourea mimosoides (VAHL) PLANCH.; LEENHOUTS, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 517; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 51; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 29; — R. concolor Bu.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 551; — R. parallela PLancu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; — R. similis BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen, 1 (1922) 551. Rourea minor (GAERTN.) LEENH.; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 5* (1958) 514; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 51; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 29; — R. acuminata Hook. f.; RiDey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 550; — R. pulchella PLaNcu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 550. Rourea rugosa PLANcH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 69; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 550; LEENHouTSs, Fl. Males. 15*(1958) 514; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 51; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 29. CONVOLVULACEAE Aniseia martinicensis (JACcQ.) CHoIsy; VAN OosTsTROOM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 435; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 73; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 172. Argyreia ridleyi PRAIN. ex OostR.; VAN OosTsTROOM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 503; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 172; — ?Lettsomia tomentosa; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; — Lettsomia ridleyi PRAIN; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 451 (incl. var. velutina PRAIN). Bonamia semidigyna (Roxs.) HALL. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 454; vAN OostsTROooM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 398; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 73; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 172. Cuscuta australis R. Br.; vAN OoststRoom, FI. Males. I 44 (1953) 392; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 172; — C. hygrophilae Pearson; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 444. Erycibe citriniflora Grirr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 445; vAN OosTSTROOM, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 425; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 75. Erycibe festiva PRrain; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 447; vAN OostsTROoM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 417; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 76; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 172. Erycibe griffithii CLARKE; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116, p.p.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 447, p.p.; VAN OostsTROoM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 411; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 75; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173. Erycibe leucoxyloides KiNG ex Prain; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; Riwvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 446; vAN Ooststroom, FI. Males. I 44 (1953) 415; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 74; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173. 612 613 614a 614b 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Erycibe maingayi CLARKE; VAN Ooststroom, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 417; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 76; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173; — E. griffithii (non CLARKE) PRAIN; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116, p.p.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 447, p.p.; syon, p.p.. Erycibe malaccensis CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; RIDLeY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 446; vAN OostsTRoom, Fl. Males. 1 4* (1953) 428; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 76; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173. Erycibe tomentosa BL. var. tomentosa; vAN OosTsTROOM, FI. Males. 1 4* (1953) 426; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 76; — E. princii WALL. ex CHotsy; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 446; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 944; HeNpersoNn, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 313 (“princei” ). Erycibe tomentosa var. hirsuta (HALLIER f.) HooGL.; VAN OostsTRoom, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 428; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 75. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 117; RIDLeyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 454; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 314; VAN OosTsTROOM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 395; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 117; vAN OoststRooMm, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 473; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173; — I. reptans Potr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 462. Ipomoea cairica (L.) SwEET; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 320; van OoststRooM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 478; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173; —I. palmata Forssk.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; —J. pulchella (non Rotu) Rwe.; RIDcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 460. Ipomoea campanulata L.; Austin, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 1 (1980) 327; — /. illustris (CLARKE) PRAIN; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 460; Sinc.air, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 34; vAN Ooststroom, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 467; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173. Ipomoea littoralis BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 461; VAN OoststTROoM, FI. Males. I 6° (1972) 941; —J. denticulata Cuotsy; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; —/. gracilis auctt. plur.,non R. BR.; VAN OOSTSTROOM, FI. Maies. I 4* (1953) 470; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173. Ipomoea matritiana JAcq.; SmiTu, FI. Vit. Nov. 5 (1991) 63; —I. digitata auct., non L.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 460; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 320; vAN OoststRoom, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 483; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173. Ipomoea obscura (L.) KErR-GAwL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 461; van OoststRooM, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 471; Tan et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 129. Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 460; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 319; vAN OostsTRooM, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 475 (ssp. brasiliensis (L.) Ooststr.); KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 173; — I. biloba Forsk.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116. 59 60 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 Ipomoea pes-tigridis L.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 460; van OostsTRoom, Fl. Males. I 4* (1953) 467; Tan et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 129. Ipomoea sepiaria Koen. ex Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 117; VAN OostTsTROOM, FI. Males. 6(6) 941; — ?/. sagittaefolia Burn. f.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 461; —J. maxima auct. plur., non (L. f.) DON ex SWEET; VAN OoststTRooM, FI. Males. I 44 (1953) 472:;. Ipomoea triloba L.; vAN Ooststroom, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 468; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 174. Ipomoea violacea L.; MANITz, Feddes. Rep. 88 (1977) 265; —I. tuba (SCHLECH.) G. Don; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 33; vAN OostsTROoM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 487; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 174; —I. macrantha R. & S.; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 9° (1982) 558. Merremia hederacea (Burs. f.) HALLIER f.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 317; vAN OostsTROOM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 441; KENnc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 174; — Ipomoea chryseides KER-GAWL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; —M. convolvulacea DENNST.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 458. Merremia hirta (L.) MERR.; VAN OosTsTROOM, FI. Males. I 44 (1953) 442; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 174; — Ipomoea linifolia BL.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; — M. caespitosa HALLIER f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 458. Merremia tridentata (L.) HALLIER f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 458; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 316; vAN OosTsTROoM, FI. Males. I 44 (1953) 445; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 174; — Ipomoea tridentata (L.) ROTH; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116; — Ipomoea angustifolia Jaca.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 116. Merremia umbellata (L.) HALLER f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 459; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 317; vAN OostsTROoM, FI. Males. I 44 (1953) 449 (ssp. orientalis (HALLIER f.) OosTsTR.); KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 174. Neuropeltis racemosa WALL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 453; vAN OostsTRooM, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 400; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 129. CORNACEAE Aralidium pinnatifidum (JUNGH. & DE VRIESE) Miq.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 895; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 34; Puitirson, Fl. Males. I 9' (1979) 16; CorngR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 221; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 130. Mastixia trichotoma BL. var. maingayi (CLARKE) DANSER; MATTHEW; FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 93; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 54; KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 130; — M. maingayi CLARKE, RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 890; — M. junghuhniana (non Mig.) Rwe.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 90. 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 CRASSULACEAE Kalanchoe pinnata (LaMK.) Pers.; BACKER, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 199; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 25; — Bryophyllum calycinum Sa.isB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 689; — Bryophyllum pinnatum (LAMK.) OKEN; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 376. CRUCIFERAE Cardamine hirsuta L.:; JoNseELL, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 554. Rorippa heterophylla (BL.) WiLLiaMs; JoNSELL, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 559; — Nasturtium indicum auct. non. (L.) DC.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 119; BurkKiLL, Dict. (1935) 1534; HENDERsoN, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 24; — R. indica (L.) HIERN; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 24. CRYPTERONIACEAE Crypteronia griffithii CLARKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 822; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 198; vAN BEUSEKOM-OsINGa; FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 196; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 222; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 80; — C. cumingii (PLANCH.) PLANCH. ex ENDL. var. griffithii (CLARKE) OSINGA; KeENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 83. CTENOLOPHONACEAE Ctenolophon parvifolius OLiver; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 425; Burk, Dict. (1935) 695; CockBurn, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 306; vAN HoorEN & NoorTesoo, Fl. Males.I 10° (1988) 631; — C. grandifolius OLIVER; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 423. CUCURBITACEAE Gymnopetalum cochinchinense Kurz; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 846; KeEnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 44; — G. quinquelobum Miq.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 847. Trichosanthes celebica Cocn.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 88; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 845; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 44. Trichosanthes wallichiana WicuT; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 88: RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 845; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 155; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 44. Trichosanthes wawraei Cocn.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 88; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 845; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 44. CYPERACEAE Bulbostylis barbata (Rotrs.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 77; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 160; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 265; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 539. 61 62 645 646 647 - 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 Bulbostylis puberula (Porr.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 78; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 160; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 265; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 540. Carex cryptostachys BRronon.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184 (“cyrtostachys” ); RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 116; Rmp.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 181; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 291; Kern & NoorTesoom, FI. Males. I 9! (1979) 148. Cyperus aromaticus (RipL.) MatrTr. & KUK.; KERN, Fl. Males. 17° (1974) 656; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Cyperus brevifolius (Rotts. ) Hassk.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 269; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 656; — Kyllinga brevifolia Rotts.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 58; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 138. Cyperus compactus Retz.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 271; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 638; — Mariscus microcephalus PREsL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RrpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 149. Cyperus compressus L.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 67; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 144; HENpERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 274; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 617. Cyperus cuspidatus KuntTH; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 629; — C. uncinatus (non Poir.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 64; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 141. Cyperus cyperinus (RetTz.) VALCK. SuR.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 271; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 641; — Mariscus cyperinus VAHL; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 73; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 149. Cyperus cyperoides (L.) O. Kuntze; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 271; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 642; — Mariscus sieberianus VAHL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 72; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 148. Cyperus diffusus VAHL; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 65; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 142; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 276; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7’ (1974) 619. Cyperus digitatus Roxs.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 601; — Mariscus sieberianus NEES ex CLARKE var. evolutior (non CLARKE) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 73; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 149. Cyperus distans L. f.; RibLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 69; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 145; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 277; KERN, Fl. Males. 1 7° (1974) 610. 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 Cyperus dubius Rortts.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 271; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 643; — Mariscus dregianus KUNTH; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 72; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 148. Cyperus elatus L.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 71; Ridley, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 148; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 601; — C. digitatus (non Roxs.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 71; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 147. Cyperus exaltatus RETz.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 602. Cyperus halpan L. (“haspan” ); Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 64; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 142; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 276; Kern, Fl. Males. 1 7* (1974) 624. Cyperus imbricatus RETz.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 603; — C. radiatus VAHL; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 70; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 147. Cyperus iria L.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 66; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 143; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 278; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 616. Cyperus javanicus Houtt.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 635; — Mariscus albescens Gaupicu.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 149; — C. pennatus LAMK.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 271. Cyperus kyllingia ENDL.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 269; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 659; — Kyllinga monocephala Rotts.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 58; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 138. Cyperus malaccensis LaMk.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 70; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 147; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 278; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 613. Cyperus melanospermus (NEEs) VALCK. SuR.; KERN, Fl. Males. 17° (1974) 655; — Kyllinga melanosperma NEEs; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 58; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 138. Cyperus pedunculatus (R. Br.) Kern; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 644; — Remirea maritima AvBL.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 99; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 169; HENpberRSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 286. Cyperus pilosus VAHL; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 67; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 144; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 278; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 611. ae 63 64 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 Cyperus polystachyos Rorts.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 273; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 649; — Pycreus polystachyos (RoTtB.) BEAUV.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 60; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 139. Cyperus pumilus L.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7’ (1974) 650; — Pycreus nitens NEES; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 61; Rwwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 140. Cyperus radians NeEgEs & MEyEn; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 66; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 143; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 274; Kern, Fl. Males. 17? (1974) 623. Cyperus rotundus L.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RrpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 68; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 145; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 278; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 604. Cyperus sanguinolentus VAHL ssp. cyrtostachys (MiQ.) KERN; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 28; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 647; — Pycreus sanguinolentus (VAHL) NEES; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 60; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 139. Cyperus sphacelatus Rotts.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 609; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Cyperus stoloniferus Retz.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 69; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 145; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 274; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 606. Cyperus tenuiculmis Borck.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 608; —C. zollingeri (non STEUD.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 68; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 144; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 275. Cyperus trialatus (BokcK.) KERN; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 621; — C. bancanus Migq.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 65; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 143. Cyperus triceps ENDL.; KERN, Fl. Males. 17° (1974) 659; — Kyllinga cylindrica (non NEES) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 59; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 137. Eleocharis acutangula (Roxs.) SCHULT.; KERN, Fl. Males. 17? (1974) 525; —E. fistulosa SCHULT.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 76; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 151. Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) HENSCHEL; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 529; — E. plantaginea R. & S.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 75; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 150. Eleocharis geniculata (L.) R. & S.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 536; — E. capitata R. Br.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 77; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 151. gh. & ete 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 Eleocharis ochrostachys STeup.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 76; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 151; KERN, Fl. Males. 17? (1974) 528; —E. variegata (Por.) PRESL var. laxiflora CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RmpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 76; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 151. Eleocharis retroflexa (Porr.) Urs.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 534; — E. chaetaria R. & S.; Ri.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 77; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 151; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 259. Eleocharis spiralis (Rotts.) R. & S.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 527. Fimbristylis acuminata VAHL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 89; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 153; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 261; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 588; — F. setacea (non BENTH.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 89; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 153. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; Rip.tey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 96; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 158; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 548. Fimbristylis cymosa R.Br.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 557; — F. spathacea Rot; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 93; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 156; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 263. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) VAHL; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 575; — F. diphylla V anv; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RmpLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 91; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 155; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 264. Fimbristylis dura (ZoLL. & Mor.) MErR.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7* (1974) 554; — F.. asperrima Bokck.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 96; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 158. Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) VAHL; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 92; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 156; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 263; Kern, Fl. Males. 17° (1974) >i. Fimbristylis fusca (NEES) CLARKE; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 97; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 160; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 567. Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) KuNTH; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 95; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 158; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 263; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 551. Fimbristylis griffithii Boeck.; KERN, Fl. Males. 17° (1974) 584; — F. aestivalis (non VAHL) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182: RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 92; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 155. 65 66 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705a 705b Fimbristylis leptoclada BEnTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 96; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 159; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 560. Fimbristylis littoralis GaupicH.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 551; — F. miliacea VAHL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 95; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 158; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 263. Fimbristylis nutans (RETz.) VAHL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 89; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 154; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7* (1974) 589. Fimbristylis obtusata (CLARKE) RIDL.; RipLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 157; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 559; — F. tenera R. & S. var. obtusata CLARKE; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 94. Fimbristylis ovata (Bur. f.) KERN; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 565. Fimbristylis pauciflora R. Br.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 90; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 154; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 261; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 564. Fimbristylis polytrichoides (RETz.) R. Br.; RIbLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 90; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 154; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 586. Fimbristylis schoenoides (RETz.) VAHL; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 90; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 154; HENpERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 263; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 573. Fimbristylis tetragona R.Br.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 181; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 88; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 153; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 590. Fimbristylis tristachya R.Br.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7’ (1974) 573. Fuirena umbellata Rorts.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 80; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 162; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 257; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 518. Gahnia tristis Nees; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 98; RipLtey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 168; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 285; Kern, Fl. Males. 17° (1974) 710. Hypolytrum nemorum (VAHL) SpreNG. var. nemorum; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 491; —H. latifolium L.C. Ricu; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 100; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 170, HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 253. Hypolytrum nemorum var. proliferum (Bogrck.) KERN; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7’ (1974) 492; — H. proliferum Borcx.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 101; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 170, HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 254. oe 706 707 708 709 710 711 Wi2 413 714 715 716 fal, Lepironia articulata (REtTz.) Domin; HENDerRsoN, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 249: Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 462; — L. mucronata L.C. Ricu; RIDLeEy, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 107; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 175. Lipocarpha chinensis (OsB.) KERN; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7°? (1974) 521; — L. argentea R.Br. ex NEEs; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 81; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 163, HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 256. Lipocarpha microcephala (R. Br.) KUNTH; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 82; RmDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 163; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 257; Kern, FI. Males. I 7? (1974) 522. Machaerina rubiginosa (SPRENG.) KoyaMa; Kern, FI. Males. I 7° (1974) 700; — Cladium glomeratum R. Br.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 85; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 166. Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) UiTtieN; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 473; — M. humilis F.-ViLL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 105; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 174 (incl. var. petiolaris), — M. triquetra Riw_.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907)06; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 174. Mapania enodis (Mig.) CLARKE; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 480; — M. longa (RIDL.) ex CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R: As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; Ripiey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 105; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 173. Mapania kurzii CLARKE; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 104; RID.eY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 172; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 478; — M. multispicata CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; — M. valida Rip.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 104; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 172. Mapania longiflora CLARKE; KERN, FI. Males. I 7° (1974) 475. Mapania lorea UirTien; Kern, FI. Males. 17° (1974) 480; — M. tenuiscapa (non CLARKE) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 105; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 173. Mapania palustris (Hassk. ex STeuD.) F.-VILL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 103; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 172; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 250; Kern, FI. Males. I 7? (1974) 477. Mapania squamata (Kurz) CLARKE; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 479. Mapania wallichii CLarke; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 105; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 173; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 479. 67 68 718 719 720 721 722 Las 724 725 726 727 728 729 Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britt.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 713; —R. aurea V AHL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 83; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 164; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 282. Rhynchospora malasica CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 83; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 164; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 281; KERN, Fl. Males. 17? (1974) Ti: Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) MAKINO; KERN, FI. Males. 17° (1974) 715; —R. wallichiana KUNTH; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 82; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 164; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 281. Rhynchospora rugosa (VAHL) GALE; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 720; — R. glauca VAHL nom. illegit. var. chinensis CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 84; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 165; — R. glauca; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 283. Schoenus calostachyus (R. Br.) Porr.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 85; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 166; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 675. Scirpodendron ghaeri (GAERTN.) MERR.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 248; Kern, Fl. Males. 17* (1974) 456; —S. costatum Kurz; RIwcey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 106; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 175. Scirpus grossus L. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 162; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 254; Kern, FI. Males. I 7° (1974) 498. Scirpus mucronatus L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 182; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 79; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 161; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 255; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 510. Scirpus squarrosus L.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 516. Scleria biflora Roxs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 114; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 180; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 743. Scleria caricina (R. Br.) BENTH.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 111; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 178; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 749. Scleria ciliaris NEES; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 734; — S. bancana Miaq.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 112; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 178; HENpERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 289. 730 731 732 733 734 fhe. 736 737 738 139 740 Scleria corymbosa Roxs.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 109; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 176; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 740; —S. ridleyi CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RmpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 109; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 177. Scleria levis RETZ.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 732; — S. hebecarpa NEEs; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 113; Rm.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 179. Scleria oblata S.T. BLAKE; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 733; — S. levis (non Retz.) WILLD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 111; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 177; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 289 (“Jaevis’’). Scleria poaeformis REtTz.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 736; — S. oryzoides PRESL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 110; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 177. Scleria purpurascens STEUD.; KERN, Fl. Males. 17* (1974) 739; —S. multifoliata Bokck.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 112; RmLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 178. Scleria rugosa R. Br.; KERN, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 749; — S. zeylanica (non Porr.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 110; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 177; —S. lateriflora Bokck.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184. Scleria sumatrensis RETz.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907)13; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 179; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 289; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7? (1974) 736. Scleria terrestris (L.) FAss.; Kern, Fl. Males. I 7° (1974) 733; — S. radula HAncE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 111; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 178. Thoracostachyum bancanum (Miq.) Kurz; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 183; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907)02; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 171; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 251; Kern, FI. Males. I 7° (1974) 465. DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE Daphniphyllum laurinum (BeEntu.) BAILL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 234; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 181; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 114. DICHAPETALACEAE Dichapetalum sordidum (RIDL.) LEENH.; LEENHOUuTS, Fl. Males. 15° (1957) 309; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 26; — Chailletia deflexifolia Turcz.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; — Chailletia sordida Riwi.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 418. 69 70 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 DILLENIACEAE Dillenia excelsa (JAcK) GiLG; HooGLAND, Fl. Males. 14° (1951) 169; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 186; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 228; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 45; — Wormia tomentella Rwe.; RIw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 10; — Wormia excelsa Jack; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 206. Dillenia grandifolia WALL. ex Hook.f. & THOMS.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 11; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 203; KocHuUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 188; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 229; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 45; — Wormia scortechinii KinG; Rww_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37; — D. scortechinii (KiNG) RIDi.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 12. Dillenia indica L.; Rmp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 38; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 10; Burkit, Dict. (1935) 809; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 208; HooGLanp, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 171; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 188; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 229; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 46. Dillenia pulchella (JAck) Gi_tc; HooGLanp, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 171; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 191; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 231; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 46; — Wormia pulchella Jack; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 9; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2265; CorNgER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 206. Dillenia reticulata Kinc; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 11; BurkmiLL, Dict. (1935) 810; HooGLanp, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 168; KocHumMeEN, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 191; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 231; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 46. Dillenia suffruticosa (Grirr.) MART.; HOOGLAND, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 162; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 192; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 232; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 46; — Wormia suffruticosa GriFF.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 8; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2265; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 207; — Wormia subsessilis Mia.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 7. Tetracera akara (BurM. f.) MERR.; HOOGLAND, FI. Males. I 47 (1951) 146; KENa, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 46; — T. sylvestris Ripv.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 5; — T. assa var., Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37. Tetracera arborescens JACK; HooGLANp, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 148; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 46; — T. euryandra (non VAHL) Hook. f. & THOMs.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37; —T. lucida WALL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen, 1:(7922) 3; Tetracera fagifolia BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37; RIpLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 6; HooGLanp, FI. Males. 14° (1951) 148; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 46; — T. sumatrana Miq.; Riww_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 6. I | | 750 1 752 753 754 755 756 VOY 758 1s 760 Tetracera indica (CHRIsTM. & PANz.) MERR.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 20; HooGLanp, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 146; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 46; —T. assa DC.; Rw_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 5. Tetracera macrophylla WALL. ex Hook. f. & THoms.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 37; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 4; HooGLanp, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 147; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 46. DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea bulbifera L.; RmDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 315; BurkiL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 311; Keno, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 121; — D. sativa (non L.) THUNB.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 84. Dioscorea glabra Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 83; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 319; BurkiLL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 331; Kenc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 121. Dioscorea hispida DENNSTEDT; BuRKILL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 318; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 121; — D. daemona Roxs.; RIwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 167; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 80; —D. triphylla (non L.) L.; RiwLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 314. Dioscorea laurifolia WALL. ex Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 167; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 83; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 319; BurKILL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 323; KeNnc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 122. Dioscorea polyclades Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 81; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 315; BurkILL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 334; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 122. Dioscorea prainiana R. KNuTH; BurKILL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 324; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 122;; — D. deflexa (non Gris.) Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 83; — D. zollingeriana (non KuntH) Miq.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 317, Pp. Dioscorea pyrifolia KuNTH; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 167; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 82; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 316; BuRKILL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 332; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 175; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 122; —D. cornifolia (non KuntH) Ripc.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 81. Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Dioscorea stenomeriflora PRAIN & Burk.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 319; BurkKILL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 306; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 122; Peripetasma polyanthum Riv..; Rwvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 103. Fd 72 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 wit Dioscorea tenuifolia RipL_.; BurKiLL, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 326; — D. oppositifolia (non L.) Rwe.; RIWcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 167; —D. zollingeriana (non KunTH) Miq.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 82; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 317, p.p. DIPTEROCARPACEAE Anisoptera costata Kortu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 49 p.p.; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 218, p.p.; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 204; AsuTon, FI. Males. 1 9? (1982) 330; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51. Anisoptera laevis RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 219; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 205; AsHToNn, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 335; —A. glabra (non Kurz) Rwwe.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 49. Anisoptera megistocarpa SLoor.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 49 p.p.; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 218, p.p.; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 164; SYMINGTON, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 207; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 332; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 51. Cotylelobium lanceolatum Craip; AsHTON, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 343; — C. flavum (non PtgrRe) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 239; —C. malayanum SLootT.; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 673; SYMINGTON, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 349. Dipterocarpus caudatus Foxw. ssp. penangianus (Foxw.) ASHTON; ASHTON, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 305; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51;1 —D. penangianus Foxw.; SyMINGTON, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 185. Dipterocarpus cornutus Dyer; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 49; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 215; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 842; SymincTon, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 172; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 312; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus BLANco; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 49; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 216; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 843; SymincTon, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 178; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 317; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51. Dipterocarpus sublamellatus Foxw.; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 92; AsHTON, FI. Males. I 9? (1982) 322; Tan et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 129. Hopea griffithii Kurz; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; SymincTon, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 127; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 406; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51; —H. pierrei (non Hance) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 238, p.p. Hopea mengarawan Mia.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 238; BurkwL, Dict. (1935) 1190; SymincTon, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 132; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 400; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 51. _ ss £s . eee ae oe ! : f vie 773 774 eS 776 (a%; 778 779 780 781 782 Hopea sangal Kortu.; SyMINGcTON, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 141; AsuTon, Fl. Males. 1 9? (1982) 420; —H. curtisii KiNG; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 212; — H. globosa BRaAnopis; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 236; — H. lowii Dyer ex BRANDIS; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 237. Neobalanocarpus heimii (KiNG) Asuton; AsHTon, FI. Males. I 9? (1982) 388; — Balanocarpus heimii KinG; Rw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 247; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 204; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 210; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 147; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 236. Shorea bracteolata Dyer; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 229; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2007; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 34; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 496; KeNnG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 51. Shorea collina RmDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 231; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 12; Sinciair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 22; Asuton, FI. Males. I 9? (1982) 447. Known from one sterile collection. Shorea curtisii DYER ex KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 223; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 2009; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 213; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 38; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 541; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 239; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51. Shorea gibbosa BrRaAnpis; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 229; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 51; AsHTON, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 482; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51. Shorea gratissima Dyer; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 226; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2011; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 36; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9” (1982) 487; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 51. Shorea leprosula Mig.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 222; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 75; AsHTon, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 540; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 51. Shorea macroptera Dyer; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 225; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2016; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 78; Aston, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 532; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 51. Shorea ovalis BL.; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 80; AsHTon, FI. Males. I 9? (1982) 548; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51; — S. sericea Dyer; RIDLeY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 223; Burk, Dict. (1935) 2022; — S. rigida BRANDIS; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 223; — S. furfuracea (non Mig.) BRANDIS; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 232, p.p. Shorea parvifolia Dyer; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 224; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 137; AsuTton, Fl. Males. 1 9? (1982) 546; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51; —S. scutulata Kine; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 222; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 2022. 73 74 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 ied 792 193 794 Shorea pauciflora KiNG; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 228; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 2020; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 87; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 511; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 51. Shorea platycarpa HEM; SymMincTon, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 88; ASHTON, Fl. Males. [97 (1982) 541; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 51; —S. palustris Rw..; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 224; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 2019. Vatica maingayi Dyer; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2224; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 223; Asuton, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 369; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 52; — Synaptea maingayi (DYER) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 240, p.p.; —Synaptea lowii (KING) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 241, p.p. Vatica pauciflora BL.; ASHTON, Fl. Males. I 9? (1982) 351; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 52; — Pachynocarpus wallichii KiNG; Rwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50, p.p.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 250, p.p.; — V. ridleyana (non BRANDIS) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50, p.p.; —Pachynocarpus ridleyanus (non ANDERS.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 250, p.p.; — Pachynocarpus umbonatus (non Hook. f.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 249, p.p.; — V. wallichii Dyer; Burk. 2225; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 230. Vatica ridleyana Branpis; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50, p.p.; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 224; Symincton, Malay. Forest Rec. 16 (1943) 227; AsHTON, FI. Males. I 9? (1982) 352; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 52; Pachynocarpus ridleyanus (BRAND.) ANDERSON; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 2I0, 2p. EBENACEAE Diospyros apiculata Hiern; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 285; No, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 61. Diospyros argentea Grirr.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 289; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 63; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 241; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136. Diospyros buxifolia (BL.) Hiern; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 64; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136; — D. microphylla Bepp.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 283. Diospyros clavigera CLARKE; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 288; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 65; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136. Diospyros confusa Baku.; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 67. Diospyros coriacea Hiern; NG, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 67. Diospyros diepenhorstii Mig.; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 68; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136; — D. pyrifera Rip.; Riwey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 294; — D. sp.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107. 75 795 Diospyros ferrea (WILLD.) BAku.; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 71; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 242; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136; — Maba buxifolia Pers.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 281. 796 Diospyros lanceifolia Roxs.; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 76; CorNgrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 242; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136; —D. lucida WALL. ex A. DC.; Riwtey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 286; —D. clavigera var. pachyphylla (CL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 288. 797 Diospyros latisepala RipL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 294; Nea, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 76. 798 Diospyros maingayi (Hiern) Baku.; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 77; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136; —D. bilocularis OLtv.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 288. 799 Diospyros pilosanthera BLANco var. oblonga (WALL. ex G. Don) Noa; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 81; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136; — D. oblonga WALL. ex G. Don; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 291; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 243. 800 Diospyros siamang Baku.; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 86. 801 Diospyros styraciformis KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 288; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 87; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136. 802 Diospyros sumatrana Miq.; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 87; — D. flavicans (WaLL.) HiERN; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 285; — D. graciliflora (non Hiern) K. & G.; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 284; — D. dumosa K. & G.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 285; — D. tubicalyx Riwu.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 285; — D. hendersoni RIw.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 320. 803 Diospyros venosa WALL. ex A. DC.; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 93; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 136; — Maba venosa (WALL. ex G. Don) K. & G.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 279; — Maba merguensis HIERN; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 280. ELAEOCARPACEAE 804 Elaeocarpus acmosepalus RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922)314; Maxwe_t, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 229; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 86; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87. 805 Elaeocarpus ferrugineus (JAcK) STEUD.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 247; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 87; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87; — E. Jackianus KiNG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 318. 806 Elaeocarpus floribundus BL.; Rm ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 313; Corngr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 248; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 88; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87. 76 807 808 809 810a -810b 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 Elaeocarpus griffithii (WicHT) A. Gray; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 316; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 248; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 89; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87; — E. paniculatus WALL.; Rwwvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 315; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 249. Elaeocarpus macrocerus (TuRCZ.) MERR.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 248; Noa, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 90; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87; — E. obtusus (non BL.) KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 317. Elaeocarpus mastersii Kinc; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 319; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 248; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 90; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87. Elaeocarpus nitidus JAck var. nitidus; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 91; — E. parvifolius WALL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 310; — E. nitidus; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 314; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 249; KENnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87. Elaeocarpus nitidus var. salicifolius (KING) Nc; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 91; —E. salicifolius Kinc; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 313; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 250; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88. Elaeocarpus palembanicus (MiQ.) CoRNER; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 249; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 91; —E. hullettii Kinc; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 316; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 87; —E. leptomischus Rw .; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 320. Elaeocarpus pedunculatus WALL. ex Mast.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 316; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 249; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 92; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88. Elaeocarpus petiolatus (JACK) WALL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 315; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 249; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 92; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88. Elaeocarpus polystachyus WALL. ex C. MUELL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 319; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 250; Noa, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 92; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88. Elaeocarpus rugosus Roxs.; Rip_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 318 (incl. var singaporensis RiDL.); NG, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 94; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 88; — E. kunstleri Kinc; Riwvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 317. Elaeocarpus stipularis BL.; RIipbLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 311; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 251; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 95; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 88. Muntingia calabura L.; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 251; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 88. 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 Sloanea javanica (Miq.) Szysz. ex K. ScHum.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 84; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 308; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 97; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88; — Echinocarpus sp.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54. EPACRIDACEAE Styphelia malayana (JAcK) Spr.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. 16° (1964) 426; WuiTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 32; CorNgErR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 252; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 133; — Leucopogon malayanus JAck; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 223; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 1340; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 218; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 265. ERICACEAE Rhododendron longiflorum LINbDL.; RipLtey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 219; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 262; SLEUMeER, FI. Males. I 6* (1966) 640; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 104; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 133; — R. lampongum (non Mig.) RIDe.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103; — R. javanicum (BL.) BENN. var. tubiflorum Hook.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103. Vaccinium acuminatissimum Miq.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103; Rm ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 210; SLEuMer, Fl. Males. I 6* (1966) 761; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 105. Vaccinium bracteatum THUNB.; SLEUMER, FI. Males. I 6* (1966) 801; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 105; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 254; V. malaccense WIGHT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 211; Burkwt, Dict. (1935) 2217; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 219; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 259. Vaccinium littoreum Miqg.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 6* (1966) 854; No, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 107; — V. bancanum (non Mig.) Riwe.; RiDvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103; — V. hasseltii Mig.; RiwLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 209; Burk, Dict. (1935) 2217. ERIOCAULACEAE Eriocaulon longifolium Nees; KenG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 126; — E. sexangulare L.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 54; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 133; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 212. Eriocaulon truncatum Bucu.-Ham. ex Mart.; RIDLeyY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 54; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 135; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 212; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 126. 77 78 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 ERYTHROXYLACEAE Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 950; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 220; Payens, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 548; CockBurn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 194; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 255; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 94; — E. burmanicum Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 324. EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha boehmerioides Mig.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 35. Acalypha indica L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 274; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 51; KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 105. Actephila excelsa (Datz.) M.A. var. javanica (Mig.) P. & H.; WuHiTmore, Tree F]. Malaya 2 (1973) 52; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 106; —A. excelsa; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 196; — A. javanica Miq.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 196. Agrostistachys gaudichaudii M.A.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 268; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 57;—A. filipendula Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140. Agrostistachys longifolia (WIGHT) BENTH. ex Hook. f.; RipDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140 (var. malayana Hook. f.); Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 53; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 264; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106; — A. borneensis Becc.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 268; — A. sessilifolia (KURZ) P. & H.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 267; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 229; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 264. Alchornea rugosa (Lour.) M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 141; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 53; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106; — A. javensis (ENDL. ex Hassk.) M.A.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 278. Alchornea villosa (BENTH.) M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 141; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 277; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 54; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 265; KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106. Antidesma coriaceum TUuL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 233; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973)57; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106; —A. fallax M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 138; — Embelia lucida WALL. ex A. DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104. Antidesma cuspidatum M.A.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 138; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 232; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 58; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106. Antidesma neurocarpum Mig.; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 57; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 269; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106; — A. alatum Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 138; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 227; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 232. 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 Antidesma velutinosum BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 231; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 55; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 270; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106. Aporusa benthamiana Hook. /.; RIbLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 236; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 59; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 271; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106. Aporusa bracteosa P. & H.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 237; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 60; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106. Aporusa confusa GacE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 238; Wuitmorg, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 59; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106. Aporusa falcifera Hook. /.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 236; WuiTMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 60; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106. Aporusa frutescens BL.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 241; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 59; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 272; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106; — A. fruticosa (BL.) M.A.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137. Aporusa lunata (MiQ.) Kurz; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; RipDey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 237; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 59; KEnNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 106. Aporusa microstachya (TuL.) M.A.; WuitmMorg, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 61; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 273; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 107; — A. maingayi Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 241; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 237. Aporusa nervosa Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 238; WuiTmMorgE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 61; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Aporusa nigricans Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 239; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 61; KeENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Aporusa prainiana KING ex Gace; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 240; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 60; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Aporusa symplocoides (Hook. f.) GAGE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 240; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 60; Ken, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107; — Baccaurea symplocoides Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139. Austrobuxus nitidus Miq.; WHiTMorRE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 63; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 273; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107; — Choriophyllum malayanum BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; — Longetia malayana (BENTH.) P. & H.; Rwwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 224; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 260. 79 80 850 851 852 853 854 = Bo 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 Baccaurea bracteata M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 138; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 246; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 67; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 275; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea griffithii Hook. f.; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 248; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 66; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea hookeri Gace; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 247; WuirmoreE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 67; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107; — Baccaurea sp. B; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 138. Baccaurea kunstleri KING ex GaGe; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 248; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 65; KEnNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea lanceolata (Mig.) M.A.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 248; WHitTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 65; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 276; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea latifolia Kinc ex Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 249; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 67. Baccaurea macrophylla (M.A.) M.A.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 138; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 247; WuitmMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 66; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea maingayi Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 246; WuiTMorgE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 65; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea minor Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 245; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 66; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea motleyana (M.A.) M.A.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 138; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 250; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 66; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 277; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea parviflora (M.A.) M.A.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 138; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 243; Wuirmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 64; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 277; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107; — B. scortechinii Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 244; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 242; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 278. Baccaurea pyriformis GAGgE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 249; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 67; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 277; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. Baccaurea racemosa (REINW.) M.A.; WuHiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 64; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107; —B. wallichii Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 245. Baccaurea reticulata Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 246; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 67; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 278; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107. 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 Baccaurea sumatrana (Miq.) M.A.; WuiTmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 65; KeEnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107; — B. kingii GAGE; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 245. Blumeodendron tokbrai (BL.) Kurz; WuHiTMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 71; Airy SHAW, Euphorbs of Borneo (1975) 60; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 107; — Mallotus vernicosus Hook. f.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 141; — B. vernicosum (Hook. f.) GAGE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 282. Breynia coronata Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 218; WuiTmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 73; CorNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 318; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Breynia discigera M.A.; RID_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 217; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 73; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 318; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Breynia reclinata (Roxs.) Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 219; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 73; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 318; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. f.) C.E.C. Fiscu.; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 73; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108; — B. rhamnoides (ReEtTz.) M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 218; — B. keithii Rwi.; Rww.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 219. Bridelia cinnamomea Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 185; WHiTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 74. Bridelia griffithii Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 185; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 75. Bridelia pustulata Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 90; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 185; Wuirmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 74; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Bridelia stipularis (L.) BL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 183; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 90; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 74; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 279; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Bridelia tomentosa BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 184; Wurrmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 74; CorNErR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 280; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Cheilosa malayana (Hook. f.) CoRNER ex AiRY SHAW; WHITMORE, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 77; — Baccaurea malayana KinG ex Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 247. Claoxylon indicum (ReEINw. ex BL.) ENDL. ex HAssk.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 271; Wuirmore, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 78; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 282; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 108. 81 82 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 Claoxylon longifolium ENDL. ex Hassk.; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140 (var. brachystachys Hook. f.); RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 272 (incl. var. brachystachys Hook. f.); WHitTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 79; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 282; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Cleistanthus hirsutulus Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 192; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 81; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 108. Cleistanthus macrophyllus Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; RDcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 192; Wurrmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 81; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 108. Cleistanthus malaccensis Hook. f.; RipLtey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 189; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 82; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Cleistanthus myrianthus (Hassk.) Kurz; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 194; Wuitmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 82; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Cleistanthus sumatranus (Miq.) M.A.; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 192; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 82; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108; C. laevis Hook. f.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; heterophyllus Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 190. oy Croton argyratus BL.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 260; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 85; CorNgrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 283; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Croton bonplandianus BaAILL.; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 84; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109; — C. sparsiflorus Moronc; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661. Croton caudatus GEIsEL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 259 (var. malaccanus); WuitmoreE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 85; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108. Croton heterocarpus M.A.; WuitmMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 85; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 284; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108; — C. heteropetalum Rivt.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 262. Croton hirtus L’ HErit.; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 84; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109. Croton laevifolius BL.; WuiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 85; CorNgEr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 284; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 108; — C. griffithii Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 261; — C. confusus GAGE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 261. Drypetes pendula RipL.; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 222; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 89; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 285; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109; — Cyclostemon longifolius (non BL.) Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137. 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 Endospermum diadenum (Miqg.) Airy SHAW; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 288; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109; —E. malaccense BENTH. ex M.A.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 305; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 93; — E. ovalifolium P. & H.; RID.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 305. Euphorbia atoto Forst. f.; Ribcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; RipDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 181; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 462; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109. Euphorbia heterophylla L.; Riiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 181; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 462; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109; Hurt, Man. Fl. Pl. Hawai’i 1 (1990) 619. Euphorbia hirta L.; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 181; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 462; Cor.etrT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109; —E. pilulifera auct. plur., non L.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; — Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Miisp.; Hurt, Man. Fl. Pl. Hawai’i 1 (1990) 609 Euphorbia thymifolia L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 182; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 461; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109; — Chamaesyce thymifolia (L.) MiLtsp.; Hurr, Man. Fl. Pl. Hawai’i 1 (1990) 615. Excoecaria agallocha L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 314; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 96; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 109. } Fahrenheitia pendula (HaAssk.) Airy SHAW; WuiTMorg, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 97; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110; — Ostodes macrophylla (M.A.) BENTH. ex P. & H.; Rmp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 269. Galearia fulva (TUL.) Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 257; WuitmMorgE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 98; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 110; — G. affinis (R. BR) Miag.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 255; — G. phlebocarpa (R. Br) Mig.; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 255; —G. subulata (M.A.) Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 258; — G. wallichii (R. Br.) Kurz; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 256; — G. finlaysonii (R. BR) Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 257; — G. fusca RiDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 257; — G. lindleyana (TuL.) Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 255; — G. minor GaGE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 256; —G. pedicellata(R. BR) Miq.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 257; — G. ridleyi GAGgE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 256. 898 Glochidion arborescens BL.; WHiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 100. 83 84 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 Glochidion brunneum Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 207; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 100; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 323; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110; — G. goniocarpum Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 211; — G. maingayi Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 210; — G. pedunculatum Rw .; Rey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 207. Glochidion fuscum (M.A.) BoeRL.; WuiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 100. Glochidion glomerulatum (MiQ.) BogRL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 209; WuitMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 100; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 323; KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110; — G. nanogynum (M.A.) Hook. f.; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 214. Glochidion hypoleucum (Miq.) BoeRL.; WuHiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 101; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110; — G. laevigatum (M.A.) Hook. f.; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 215; — G. lutescens; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 324. Glochidion kunstlerianum GAGE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 210; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 102. Glochidion littorale BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 207; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 101; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 323; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110. Glochidion microbotrys Hook. f.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 209; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 99; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110; — G. trilobum RiDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 210, p.p.. Giochidion perakense Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 213; WHiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 101; CorNngr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 325; —G. glaberrimum Ripv.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 208; — G. zeylanicum (GAERTN.) A. Juss.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110. Glochidion rubrum BL.; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 101; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 325; — G. leiostylum Kurz; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 212; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 323; — G. laevigatum var. cuspidatum RIDL.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 215. Glochidion sericeum (BL.) ZoLL. & Mor.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 215; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 101; Airy SHAw, Euphorbs of Borneo (1975) 132; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 326; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110. Glochidion singaporense Gace; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 209; WHITMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 101; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 326; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110. Glochidion superbum BatL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 208; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 99; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 326; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110. 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 Glochidion wallichianum M.A.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 213; WuHiTmMore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 99; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 326; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 110; — G. desmocarpum Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 136; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 214; —G. trilobum RDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 210, p.p.. Hevea brasiliensis (WILLD. ex A. Juss.) M.A.; CoRNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 292; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 110. Koilodepas longifolium Hook. f.; WHiTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 104; KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111; — Coelodepas glanduligerum P. & H.; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 275. Macaranga caladiifolia Becc.; WHiTMorE, Euphorbs of Borneo (1975) 150; — M. puncticulata GAGE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 302; WuitmMorg, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 111; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 303; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 111. Macaranga conifera (ZoLL.) M.A.; WuHiTMore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 112; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 300; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111; M. populifolia (Mig.) M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 304. Macaranga gigantea (Rcus. f. & ZoL_.) M.A.; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 107; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 301; KeNnc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 111; — M. megalophylla (M.A.) M.A.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 141; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 298. Macaranga griffithiana M.A.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 299; WuitmMore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 107; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 301; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111. Macaranga heynei I.M. JoHNston; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 112; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111; — M. rubiginosa Rw .; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 303; — M. javanica [non (BL.) M.A.] Hook. f.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 302. Macaranga hosei Kinc ex Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 298: Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 111; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 301; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111. Macaranga hullettii Kinc ex Hook. f.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 301: Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 107; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111; M. cornuta sensu CORNER; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 300. Macaranga hypoleuca (Reus. f. & ZoL_.) M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 141; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 300; Wurtmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 106; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 302; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111. Macaranga lowii KiNG ex Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142: Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 304; Wuirmore, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 112: Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111. 85 86 923 924 925 926 927 928 O20 930 1 932 933 934 935 936 Macaranga pruinosa (Miq.) M.A.; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 106; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 303; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111; — M. maingayi Hook. f.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 298. Macaranga recurvata Gace; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 301; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 111; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 303; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 111. Macaranga trichocarpa (RcuB.f. & ZoLL.) M.A.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 303; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 112; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 304; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 111. Macaranga triloba (BL.) M.A.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 298; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 107; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 304; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112. Mallotus macrostachyus (Miq.) M.A.; RipD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 141; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 288; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 114; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 306; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112. Mallotus paniculatus (LAMk.) M.A.; WHiTMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 114; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 307; KENnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112; M. cochinchinensis Lour.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 141; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 289. Mallotus penangensis M.A.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 141; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 293; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 116; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112. Manihot esculenta Crantz; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112. Manihot glaziovii M.A.; Corett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 112. Megistostigma malaccense Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 83; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112; — Sphaerostylis malaccensis (Hook. f.) P. & H.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 308. Micrococca mercurialis (L.) BENTH.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 273; Wuirtmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 118; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112. Microdesmis caseariifolia PLANCH.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 139; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 258; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 119; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112. Neoscortechinia kingii (Hook. f.) P. & H.; WHirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 120; MAxwe LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 192; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 112; — Scortechinia kingii Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 251. Phyllanthus amarus Scuum. & THONN.; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 122; Corett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112; — P. niruri auct., nonL.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 199; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 463. 937 938 939 940 94] 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 Phyllanthus debilis KLEIN ex WILLD. Phyllanthus emblica L.; WuiTMor:g, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 123; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 112; — P. pectinatus Hook. f.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; — Emblica pectinata (Hook. f.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 217; — Emblica officinalis GAERTN.; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 920; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 282; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 319. Phyllanthus urinaria L.; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 200; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 464; Wuirmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 122; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113. Pimeleodendron griffithianum (M.A.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 313; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 125; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113. Pterococcus corniculatus (Sm.) P. & H.; WuiTmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 84; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113; —P. glaberrimus Hassk.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 309. Ptychopyxis caput-medusae (Hook. f.) RIDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 295; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 127; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113. Ptychopyxis costata Mig. var. oblanceolata Airy SHAW; WuiTMorE, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 127; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113; — P. costata; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 295. Ricinus communis L.; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 309; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 309; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113. Sapium discolor (CHAmp. ex BENTH.) M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 316; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 129; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 311; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113. Sapium indicum WILLD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 317; WuitmMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 129; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 312; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113. Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.; WHiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 131; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 113; — S. albicans BL.; Rw_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 137; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 220; — S. sumatranus Mia.; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 220. Sebastiania chamalaea (L.) M.A.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 317; HENDERsoNn, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 464; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 131; KeNc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 113. Securinega virosa (Roxs. ex WILLD.) BAILL.; WHITMORE, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 131; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 313; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 113; — Flueggia microcarpa BL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 216; — Flueggia virosa (ROxB. ex WILLD.) BAILL.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) yom Fe J 87 88 950 951 pais 953 — 954 DD5 956 957 958 959 Suregada multiflora (Juss.) BAILL.; WHiITMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 133; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 113; — Gelonium bifarium Roxs.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 311; — Gelonium multiflorum Juss.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 142; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 311; — Gelonium glomerulatum (BL.) Hassk.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 311. Synostemon bacciformis (L.) G.L. WeBsTER; WHiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 133; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 114; —Agyneia bacciformis (L.) Juss.; Ripbey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 135; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 198. Trigonostemon longifolius BAILL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 140; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 264; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 136; KEnNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 114. FAGACAEAE Castanopsis inermis (LINDL. ex WALL.) BENTH. & Hook. f.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 292; SoePApMo, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 315; CockBurNn, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 204; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 330; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 64; —C. sumatrana (Miq.) A. DC.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 390. Castanopsis javanica (BL.) A. DC.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 306; CockBurn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 205; CorNeER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 330; — Pasania discocarpa (HANCE) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 386; — Quercus discocarpa HANCE; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1855; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 302. Castanopsis lucida (NEES) SOEPADMO; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 318; CockBuRN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 205; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 64; — C. hullettii KiNG ex Hook. f.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 389; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 487; — Alseodaphne lucida NEES; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 100. Castanopsis malaccensis GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 388; Corner, Ways. Trees I sted. (1940) 293; SozpADMoO, FI. Males. 17? (1972) 303; CockBuRN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 206; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 330; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 64. Castanopsis megacarpa GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 390; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 293; Sonpapmo, Fl. Males. 17? (1972) 305; CockBurRN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 206; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 330; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 64. Castanopsis nephelioides Kinc ex Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 391; Sogpapmo, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 298; CocKBURN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 207; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 64. Castanopsis schefferiana HANce; Soepapmo, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 310; CockBurN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 207; KeNa, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 65; — C. andersonii GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 389. 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 Castanopsis wallichii KING ex Hook. f.; RIb.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 391; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 293; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 300; CockBurn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 208; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 331; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 65. Lithocarpus bennettii (Mig.) REHD.; SoEPADMo, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 356; CockBurRN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 215; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 339; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 65; — Quercus bennettii Miq.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1854; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 301; — Pasania bennettii (M1Q.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 381. Lithocarpus cantleyanus (KING ex Hook. f.) REHD.; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 352; CockBurn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 216; Keno, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 65; — Quercus cantleyana KING ex Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1854; — Pasania cantleyana (KING ex Hook. f.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 381. Lithocarpus conocarpus (OuDEM.) REHD.; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 349; CocKBURN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 217; CorNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 340; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 65; — Quercus conocarpa OUDEM.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1854; CorneR, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 302; — Pasania conocarpa (OUDEM.) SCHOTTKY; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 380. Lithocarpus cyclophorus (ENpL.) A. CAMus; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7” (1972) 345; CockBurRN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 218; CorNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 340; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 65; — Quercus cyclophora ENDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1855; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 302; Pasania cyclophora (ENDL.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 384. Lithocarpus elegans (BL.) Hatus. ex SOEPADMO; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 366; CockBuRN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 219; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 340; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 65; — Quercus spicata SM.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149 (var. gracilipes (MiQ.) MiQ.); CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 304; — Pasania spicata Orrst.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 376 (incl. var. gracilipes). Lithocarpus encleisacarpus (Kortu.) A. CAMus; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7° (1972) 338; CockBuRN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 219; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 340; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 65; Quercus encleisacarpa KortTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1856; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 302; — Pasania encleisacarpa (KorTH.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 386. Lithocarpus ewyckii (KortTH.) REHD.; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7* (1972) 351; CockBurNn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 220; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 65; — Quercus ewyckii KortuH.; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1856; — Pasania ewyckii (KorTH.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 380 (incl. var latifolia); — Pasania lamponga var. ewyckioides GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 378. 89 90 968 969 970 971 oi 973 974 975 Lithocarpus hystrix (KorTH.) REHD.; SOEPADMO, Fl. Males. I 7* (1972) 384; — Quercus hystrix Kortu.; RIDey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 303; — Pasania hystrix (KORTH.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924). Cockburn (loc. cit. 226) opines that this species is not present in Malaya. Lithocarpus gracilis (KorTH.) SoEPADMO; FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 362; 362; CockBurNn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 220; — Pasania cyrtorhyncha (Mia.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 381. Lithocarpus lucidus (Roxs.) REHD.; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 341; CockBurRN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 223; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 341; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 65; — Quercus lucida Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 150; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1857; CorNgR, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 304; — Pasania lucida (RoxB.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 383; — Quercus omalokos Kortu.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1857; — Pasania omalokos (KortTH.) SCHOTTKY; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 383. Lithocarpus sundaicus (BL.) REHD.; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 375; CockBurNn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 226; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 342; — Quercus sundaica BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 1858; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 305; SINcLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 25; — Quercus lamponga Migq.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1857; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 303; — Pasania sundaica (BL.) OERST.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 379; — Pasania lamponga (MiQ.) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 378 (excl. var. ewyckioides); — Pasania grandifrons (KiNG ex Hook. f.) GAMBLE; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 377; — Quercus grandifrons KiNG ex Hook. f.; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 303. Lithocarpus wallichianus (LINDL. ex HANCE) REHD.; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I 7” (1972) 368; CockBurN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 227; MaxweL_, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 192; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 342; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 65; — Quercus wallichiana LINDL. ex HANCE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1859; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 305; — Pasania wallichiana (LINDL. ex HANCE) GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 378. Quercus argentata Kortu.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 373; Soepapmo, FI. Males. I 7? (1972) 389; CockBurNn, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 228; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 65 FLACOURTIACEAE Casearia capitellata BL.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 5' (1954) 102; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 141; Kenoc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 41; — ?C. esculenta Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; —C. latifolia Riwi.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 831. Casearia clarkei KING; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; Ripcey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 833; SLeuMeER, Fl. Males. I 5! (1954) 99; Wuirmore, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 141; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 41. 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 Casearia lobbiana Turcz.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 830; SLEuMeER, Fl. Males. I 5! (1954) 89; WuirmoreE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 140. Casearia tuberculata BL.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 5! (1954) 99; WuitmorgE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 141; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 41; — C. coriacea (non VENT.) Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 832; BurRKILL, Dict. (1935) 472. Flacourtia rukam Z. & M.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 44; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 157; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 1024; CorNgr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 207; SLEUMER, FI. Males. I 5! (1954) 73; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 144; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 346; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 41. Homalium grandiflorum BenTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; Rip ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 837; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1184; SLEUMkr, FI. Males. I 5' (1954) 62; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 146; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 41. Osmelia maingayi KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 834; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1610; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 5! (1954) 78; WuiTmMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 153. Osmelia philippina (Turcz.) BENTH.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 5' (1954) 79; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 153; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 41. Ryparosa hullettii KiNG; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 44; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 165; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1923; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 5! (1954) 48; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 159; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 41. Ryparosa scortechinii Kinc; SLEuMER, Fl. Males. I 5' (1954) 42; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 159; — R. wallichii Rw. (Singapore specimen Ridley 14163 only); RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 165; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 41. Scolopia macrophylla (W. & A.) CLos; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 5' (1954) 8; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 161; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 348; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 41; —S. rhinanthera CLos; Rwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 44; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 155; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1983; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 309. FLAGELLARIACEAE Flagellaria indica L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 130; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 368; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 1024; Backer, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 246; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 206; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 125. GENTIANACEAE Nymphoides indica (L.) O. Kuntze; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 141; — Limnantheum indicum GriseB.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 436; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 307. 91 92 987 988 989 990 O91 ooZ bik 994 995 996 997 GESNERIACEAE Aeschynanthus parvifolia R. Br.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 500; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 342; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 182; —A. lobbiana CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119. Aeschynanthus purpurascens Hassk.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 497; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 340; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 182; A. motleyi CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119. Aeschynanthus radicans Jack; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 500; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 182. Aeschynanthus wallichii R. Br.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 500; Maxwe__, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 195; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 182. Cyrtandra pendula BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 544; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 362; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 182; — C. bicolor Jack; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120. Didymocarpus platypus CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 517; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 348; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 182 Didymocarpus puncticulatus RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 522; Krew, Malay. Nat. J. 41 (1987) 220; — D. sp.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120; — D. perdita Riwu.; Rw ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 522; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 182. GONYSTYLACEAE Gonystylus confusus Airy SHAw; Airy SHAw, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 357; Wuirtmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 391. Gonystylus maingayi Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 85; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 322; Airy SHaw, FI. Males. I 44 (1953) 359; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 391; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 86. GOODENIACEAE Scaevola sericea V AHL; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 5* (1957) 339; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 165; — S. koenigii VAHL; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 102; Rwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 199; —S. frutescens KRAUSE; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 310; HeNpErson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 253; — S. taccada (GAERTN.) ROxB.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 348. GRAMINEAE Acroceras munroanum (BALANSA) HEnr.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 165; — ?Panicum latifolium Hook. f.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; — Panicum oryzoides (non Sw.) Riwi.; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 138, p.p.; —A. ridleyi (Hack. ex Rip.) STAPF ex Ripe.; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 229; — A. crassiapiculatum (MeErRR.) ALSTON; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 39. 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 Acroceras tonkinense (BALANSA) C.E. Huss. ex Bor; GILLILAND, Rev. FI. Malaya 3 (1971) 165; — Panicum oryzoides (non Sw.) RIDL.; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 138, p.p.; —A. sparsum STAPF ex RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 229; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 39. Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) STapr; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 223; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 104; GmLLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 198; — Axonopus cimicinus (L.) P. BEAuvV.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 144. Axonopus affinis CHASE; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 189; Cor err, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Axonopus compressus (Swartz) BEAuv.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 216; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 276; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 337; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 187; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; Paspalum platycaulon Porr.; RDcey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 125. Bambusa heterostachya (Munro) Ho ttt.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya3 (1971) 18; — Gigantochloa heterostachya Munro; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 188; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 262; — Gigantochloa latispiculata GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 189; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 263. Bambusa ridleyi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 184; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 257; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 21. Bambusa vulgaris SCHRAD.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 256; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 300; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 19. Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. BLAKE; LAzAripes, Trop. Grass. SE Asia (1980) 24; — Andropogon intermedius R. Br.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 166; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 346; — Amphilophis glabra (RoxB.) STAPF; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 209; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 141; — B. intermedia (R. Br.) CAMus; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 281. Brachiaria distachya (L.) Stapf; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 219; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 356; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 342; GiLLiILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 176; — Panicum distachyon L.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 133. Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) STAPF; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 219; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 356; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 178; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; — Panicum muticum Forsk.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 133. Brachiaria paspaloides (PresL) C.E. HuspBARD; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 342; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 179. Cenchrus echinatus L.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 36; Cor.ertrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. 3 94 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 Centotheca latifolia (OsB.) TRIN.; MONOD DE FROIDEVILLE, Blumea 19 (1971) 59; —C. lappacea Desv.; RIwLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 181; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 253; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 508; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 309; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 53. Centotheca longilamina Oxnw1; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 53. Chloris barbata Swartz; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 173; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 250; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 315; GILLILanp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 86; CorLeTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) TRIN.; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 207; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 535; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 344; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 236; — Andropogon aciculatus RETz.; Rp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 166. Coix lacryma-jobi L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 151; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 191; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 629; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 354; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 304. Cymbopogon flexuosus (NEEs ex STEUD.) W. Warts.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 36; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 297. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 173; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 249; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 729; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 314; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 90. Cyrtococcum accrescens (TRIN.) STAPF; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 234; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 744; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 149; — Panicum patens (non L.) Rwwu.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 142. Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Steup) Stapr; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 233; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 744; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 148; -— Panicum pilipes NEES & ARN. ex Beuse; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 141; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 331. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) WILLD.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 251; BurkiL_, Dict. (1935) 747; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 316; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 81; LAzaripgs, Trop. Grass. SE Asia (1980) 168; — Eleusine aegyptia (L.) Desr.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RipLtey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 174. Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) STAPF; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 284; Cor.eTT, J. Biogeog. 19 (1992) 428; — Ischaemum beccarii (non HACK.) RIDL.; RipLeEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 160; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 204. 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 210: BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 802; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 284. Digitaria bicornis (LAMK.) R. & S.; VELDKAmp, Blumea 21 (1973) 30. Digitaria ciliaris (RETZ.) KoeL.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 196; VELDKAMP, Blumea 21 (1973) 32; — Paspalum sanguinale (non LAMK.) RIDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 125; —D. marginata Link; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 213; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 808; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 340. Digitaria didactyla WILLD.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 807; GILLILAND, Rev. FI. Malaya 3 (1971) 195; VELDKAmp, Blumea 21 (1973) 44. Digitaria fuscescens (PRESL) HENRARD; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 193; VELDKAMP, Blumea 21 (1973) 61. Digitaria longiflora (REtTz.) PeRs.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 214; BurkiL, Dict. (1935) 808; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 342; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 192; VELDKAmp, Blumea 21 (1973) 66; — Paspalum longiflorum RETz.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 126, p.p.; — D. caespitosa RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 215. Digitaria mollicoma (KUNTH) HENR.; VELDKAMP, Blumea 21 (1973) 69. Digitaria nuda SCHUMACH.; VELDKAMP, Blumea 21 (1973) 41. Digitaria radicosa (PREsL) MiQ.; VELDKAMP, Blumea 21 (1973) 35;— Paspalum sanguinale LaMK. var. debile (non Hook. f.) Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 125; — D. marginata Link var. debilis (non Hook. f. ex RIDL.) Ripi.; Rey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 214; — D. timorensis (KUNTH) BALANSA; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 198. 1030a Digitaria setigera R. & S. var. setigera; VELDKAMP, Blumea 21 (1973) 39; — Paspalum sanguinale LAMK. var. pruriens Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 125; — D. marginata Link var. debilis Hook. f. ex RIDL.; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 214; —D. microbachne (PRESL) HENR.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 198. 1030b Digitaria setigera var. calliblepharata (HENR.) VELDK.; VELDKAMP, Blumea 21 1031 (1973) 40; — Paspalum sanguinale Lamk. var. ciliare (non Hook. f.) RIDL.; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 125; — D. marginata LINK var. ciliaris (non RIDL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 214; —D. microbachne (PRESL) HEnr. ssp. calliblepharata HENR.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 198. Digitaria violascens Link; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 191; VELDKAmp, Blumea 21 (1973) 40; — Paspalum longiflorum Retz.; RIDLeyY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 126, p.p.; — D. chinensis (non HorNEM.) RiDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 215; — D. pertenuis Buse; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 214; GILLILANn, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 192; — D. longiflora (non Retz.) Rwwe.; RiD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 214, p.p. 95 96 1032a Dimeria ornithopoda TRIN. var. ornithopoda; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 151; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 192; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 810; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 346; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 214. 1032b Dimeria ornithopoda var. glabra (RIDL.) JANSEN; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1033 1034 1035 1636 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 3 (1971) 216; — D. glabra Rw .; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 192. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 222; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 888; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 336; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 167; — Panicum colonum L.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 132. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. BEAuv.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 222; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 889; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 168; — Panicum crus-galli L.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 132. Echinochloa stagnina (ReEtTz.) P. BEAUv.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 166. One collection from 1883. Eleusine coracana (L.) GAERTN.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 174; Burk, Dict. (1935) 916; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 80; — E. indica (L.) GAERTN. var. coracana GAERTN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 250. Eleusine indica (L.) GAgERTN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 174; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 250; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 917; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 313; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 78. Eragrostis atrovirens (Desr.) NEES ex STEUD.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 68; LAzaAripes, Trop. Grass. SE Asia (1980) 173; —E. elegantula STEuD.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 179; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 248; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 312. Eragrostis cambessediana STeup.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 36. Eragrostis elongata (WILLD.) JAca.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; Ripiey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 179; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 248; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 313. Eragrostis gangetica (Roxs.) STEUD.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 68. Eragrostis malayana StaprF; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 178; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 247; GiLLILanp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 65. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. BEAuv.; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 179; RipLey, Fl. Mal, Pen. 5 (1925) 247; GiLLiLanp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 69. 1044 1045 1050 1051 1052 1053 Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. BEAuv. ex Roem. & SCHULT.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 177; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 245; GILLILanp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 71; — E. amabilis (L.) Hook. & ARN.; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 933; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 312. Eragrostis unioloides (RetTz.) NEES ex STEUD.; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 934; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 313; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 66; — E. amabilis (non Wicut & Arn.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 175: RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 246. Eragrostis viscosa (RETZ.) TRIN.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 177; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 246; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 71. Eriachne pallescens R. Br.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 172; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 240; BurRKILL, Dict. (1935) 936; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 316: GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 94; vAN Eck-BorssBoom, Blumea 26 (1980) 133. Eriachne triseta NEEs ex STEUD.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 172; Rwwey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 240; Maxwe__, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 231; VAN Eck-BorssBoom, Blumea 26 (1980) 136; — Massia triseta (NEES ex STEUD.) BALANSA; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 94. Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E. Huss.; GILtiLanp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 202; — E. polystachya (non H.B.K.) RiDe.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 127; — E. annulata (FLUEGGE) KUNTH; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 223; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 325; — E. ramosa O. KTzE.; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 938. Eustachys tener (PresL) C.E. Huss.; GILLiLanb, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 88 (“tenera” ); Lazariwes, Trop. Grass. SE Asia (1980) 161. Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. BEAuv. exR. & S.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 213; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1143; GmLLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 292: Lazaripes, Trop. Grass. SE Asia (1980) 47; — Andropogon contortus L.: Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 167. Hymenachne acutigluma (STeuD.) GILLILAND; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 155; — Panicum myuros (non H.B.K.) Rwe.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 135; — H. myuros (non BEAuy.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 230; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1214. Imperata conferta (PrREsL) OHw1; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 222; — I. exaltata (non BRONGN.) RiDL.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186: Ripcey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 152; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 193; — /. contracta Hircu.; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1228. 97 98 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. BEAuv. var. major (NEES) C.E. HUBBARD ex Huss. & VAUGHAN; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 220; — I. arundinacea Cyr.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 152; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 193; —I. cylindrica (L.) P. BEAuv.; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1228; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 343. Isachne globosa (THuNB.) O. KTZE.; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 1252; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 327; GILLILanp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 120; — I. australis R. Br.; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 129; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 239. Isachne kunthiana (WIGHT & ARN. ex STEUD.) Mig.; RIpDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 128; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 122; —J. semitalis Rwwv.; RD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1925) 231 Isachne pulchella RotH ex Roem. & SCHULT.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 120; — I. miliacea RotH ex R. & S.; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 129; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 239; Borguz, Dict. (1935) 1253. Ischaemum barbatum ReEvTz.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 260; — J. imbricatum (Munro) STAPF EX RIDLEY, FL. MAL. PEN. 5 (1925) 200. Ischaemum ciliare RETz.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RIDLEy, Mat. fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 160; VELDKAmp, Blumea 36 (1991) 180; I. aristatum (non L.) Riw_.; RIDLEY, FL. MAL. Pen. 5 (1925) 203; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1253; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 351; —J. indicum auct., non (Houtt.) MErr.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 263. Ischaemum magnum RENDLE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 158; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 200; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 261; —J. laeve Riwt.; Ripvey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 158; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 201. Ischaemum muticum L.; RIDcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 159; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 201; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1253; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 350; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 255. Ischaemum rugosum SALIsB.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 157; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 200; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1253; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 350; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 259. Ischaemum timorense KuNnTH; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 160; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 203; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 351; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 264; —J. macrurum STAPF ex RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 203. 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 Leersia hexandra Sw.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 148; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 253; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1327; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 320; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 97. Leptaspis urceolata (Roxs.) R. Br.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 150; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 255; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1333; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 307; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 47. Leptochloa chinensis (L.) NEEs; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 175; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 249; Burk, Dict. (1935) 1333; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 73. Lepturus repens (Forst. f.) R. Br.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 182; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 254; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 83. Lophatherum gracile BRoNGN.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 181; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 253; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 308; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 55; — L. lehmanni NEEs; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185. Melinis repens (WILLD.) ZizKa; ZizKA, Fl: Zambesiaca 10(3) (1989) 116; — Tricholaena rosea NEES; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 325; — Rhynchelytrum repens (WiLLD.) C.E. Huss.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 150; Corlett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Mnesithea glandulosa (TRIN. ) KONING & SOSEF; VELDKAMP, DE KONING & SOSEF, Blumea 31 (1986) 290; — Rottboellia glandulosa TRIn.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 161; — Coelorachis glandulosa (TrRIn.) STAPF ex RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 204; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 618; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 347; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 270. Mnesithea granularis (L.) Koninc & SosEF; VELDKAMP, DE KONING & SOSEF, Blumea 31 (1986) 295; — Manisuris granularis L. f.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 163; Rmp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 205; BurkiLi, Dict. (1935) 1422; — Hackelochloa granularis (L.) O. Krze.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 37; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 277. Oryza rufipogon Grirr.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 100; DuisTERMAaT, Blumea 32 (1987) 170; — O. fatua Kornic ex TRIN. var. longe-aristata RIDL.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 252. Ottochloa nodosa (KunTH) Danby; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 143; — Panicum nodosum Kuntu; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 137; — Hemigymnia multinodis STAPF; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 228; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1138; — Hemigymnia fusca Riwv.; Rivey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 228; BurKiLL, Dict. (1935) 1138. 99 100 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 Panicum auritum Presv ex NEES; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 135; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 226; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1655; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 332; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 137; ZuBOAGA, ELLIs & Morrone, Ann. Miss. Bot. Gards. 79 (1992) 791. Panicum brevifolium L.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 329; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 139; — P. ovalifolium Porr.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 141; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 227; —P. hirtifolium Rwwe.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 141; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 228. Panicum cambogiense BALANSA; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 141; — P. luzonense PRESL; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 136; — P. caesium NEEs; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 225; — P. tuberculatum PRESL; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1658. Panicum maximum Jacq.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 140; RIpDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 226; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1656; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 132; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Panicum repens L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 139; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 225; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1657; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 330; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 135. Panicum sarmentosum Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 140; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 227; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1657; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 332; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 139. Paspalum conjugatum Berc.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 124; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 218; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1673; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 339; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 180; DE KoninG & Soser, Blumea 30 (1985) 290; Cor.eTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Paspalum dilatatum Porr.; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 1674; GILLILAND, Rev. FI. Malaya 3 (1971) 183; DE KonING & Soser, Blumea 30 (1985) 293. Paspalum longifolium Roxs.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 217; GILLILANb, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 182; DE Koninc & Soser, Blumea 30 (1985) 297; — P. platycoleum Riwt.; RIpcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 217. Paspalum orbiculare Forst. f.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 217; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1674; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 184; DE Koninc & Soser, Blumea 30 (1985) 299. Paspalum scrobiculatum L.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 184; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 123; BurkiL, Dict. (1935) 1674; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 340; GiLLILANb, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 185; DE KoninG & Soser, Blumea 30 (1985) 302; —P. commersonii (non LAMK.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 218. 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 Paspalum vaginatum Swartz; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1675; GILLILAND, Rev. FI. Malaya 3 (1971) 182; DE Koninc & Soser, Blumea 30 (1985) 309; — P. distichum (non L.) Riw_.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 124; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 218. Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) ScHuLT.; TAN et a/., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 130. Pennisetum purpureum SCHUMACH.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 325; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 162; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Perotis indica (L.) O. Ktze.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1696; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 319; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 113; —P. latifolia Arr.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 149; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 243. Phragmites vallatoria (PLUK. ex L.) VELDKAMp, Blumea 37 (1992) 233; — P. Karka (REtTz.) TRIN. ex STEUD.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 175: — P. communis (non Trin.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 240; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1715; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 309. Pogonatherum paniceum (LAMkK.) HAcK.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1953) 37; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 251; — P. saccharoideum P. BEavv.; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 154; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 195; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 348; —P. crinitum apud BurKILL; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1780. Polytrias indica (Houtt.) VELDK., BLUMEA 36 (1991) 180; — P. praemorsa (NEES) HAcK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 164; — Eulalia praemorsa (NEES) STAPF ex RIDL.: Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 197; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 975; — P. amaura (Beuse) O. Ktze.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 348; GiLLILaNnp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 244. Saccharum arundinaceum Revz.; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 153; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 193; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1924; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 344; GILLiLaNnp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 226. Saccharum spontaneum L.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 224; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Sacciolepis indica (L.) CHAsE; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 334; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 152; — Panicum indicum L.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 134: — §. angusta (non Starr) Ripu.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 232; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 1940, — S. turgida Riwv.; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 231; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1941. Sacciolepis myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 232: Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1941; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 335; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 152; — Panicum myosuroides R. Br.; R.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 134. 101 102 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 Schizachyrium sanguineum (ReTz.) ALSTON; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 289; — Andropogon pseudograyia STEUD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; — Andropogon hirtiflorus (non KUNTH) RIDL.; Rid]. Met. Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 166; — S. semiberbe NEEs; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 210; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1975. Schizostachyum gracile (Munro) Hottt.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 39; — S. tenue GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 194; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 268; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1977; —S. chilianthum Kurz; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 194; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 269; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1977. Schizostachyum latifolium GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 196; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 270; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1977; DRANSFIELD, Kew Bull. 38 (1983) 331; — Ochlandra ridleyi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 187; RipLey, Mat.Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 197; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 272; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1567; — S. longispiculatum auct., non (KURZ ex MuNRO) Kurz; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 270; BurRKILL, Dict. (1953) 1977; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 40. Schizostachyum zolleringi STEUD.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 195; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 269; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1978; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 41. Setaria barbata (LAMK.) KUNTH; TAN ef al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 130. Setaria palmifolia (KOEN.) STAPF; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 1999; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 324; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 157; — Panicum plicata (non LAMK.) RipL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 136; — S. plicata (non CooKE) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 236. Setaria pumila (Porr.) ROEM. & SCHULT.; CLAYTON, Fl. Zambesiaca 10(3) (1989) 100: — S. glauca (non BEAUV.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 144; —S. rubiginosa (STEvD.) Miq.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 234: —S. geniculata (non BEAUV.) BURKILL; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1999, Henperson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 323; —S. pallide-fusca (ScHuM.) STAPF & HuBs.; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malayas 3 (1971) 159. Sorghum propinquum (KuntH) Hitcu.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 28; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 229; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; — §. affine sensu Rw .; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 195. Sphaerocaryum malaccense (TRIN.) PILGER; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 317; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 126; — S. elegans NEEs ex STEUD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 170; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 241. 1105a Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. var. flaccidus (R. & S.) VELDKAMP; BAAUENS & VELDKAMP, Blumea 35 (1991) 433; —S. indicus R. Br.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 171; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 244: HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 318 —S. diandrus (RetTz.) P. BEAuV.; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 170: RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 244: BurkiL, Dict. (1935) 2069; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 318; GmLLiILanD, Rev. Fl. Malaya3 (1971) 106 (“diander’’ ). 1105b Sporobolus indicus var. major (Buse) BAAUENS; BAAUENS & VELDKAMP, Blumea 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 35 (1991) 437; — S. berteroanus (non Hitcu. & CHASE) BACKER & SLOOT.;: BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2069; — S. fertilis (STEUD.) W.D. CLAYTON; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 106. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) KUNTH; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 108; BAAIENS & VELDKAMP, Blumea 35 (1991) 445. Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) BRONGN.; SINcLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1953) 37; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 205; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Themeda arguens (L.) Hack.; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 212; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2146; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 351; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 300; — Anthistiria arguens WILLD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 168. Themeda villosa (Porr.) A. CAMus; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 212: BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 2147; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 352; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 301; —Anthistiria gigantea HAcK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 186 (var. villosa Hack.); Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 169. Thuarea involuta (Forst.) R. Br. ex Roem. & SCHULT.; GILLILAND, Rev. FI. Malaya 3 (1971) 207; —T. sarmentosa Prrs.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 146; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 236; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2157; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 335. Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxp. ex HorNEM.) HonpA; BAAUENS & VELDKAMP, Blumea 35 (1991) 451; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 130; —T. agrostis Nees; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 143; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 241; — T. maxima (Roxs.) O.K1ze.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 2160; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 321; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 45;. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.; GmLLiLanp, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 309. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) NAsH; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2228; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 232; — V. odorata VirEy; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 208. Zoysia matrella (L.) MerR.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 318; GILLILAND, Rev. Fl. Malaya 3 (1971) 109; Goupswaarp, Blumea 26 (1980) 171; —Z. pungens WILLD.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 185; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 149; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 243. 103 104 i Ie 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 2 1123 1124 14,25 1126 GUTTIFERAE Calophyllum biflorum HENpb. & Wyatt-SmitH; WuiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 176; Stevens, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 472; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48. Calophyllum calaba L. var. bracteatum (WicuT) P.F. STEVENS; STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 261; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48. Calophyllum costulatum HEnp. & Wyatt-SmitH; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 173; STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 470; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48. Calophyllum dispar P.F. STEveNs; STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 524; KEna, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 48. Calophyllum ferrugineum RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 184; WuiTmMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 180; Stevens, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 459; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; —C. retusum WALL. ex Cuotsy; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 184. Calophyllum inophyllum L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 186; WuiTmMoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 186; STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 324; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 350; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48. Calophyllum lanigerum Mig. var. austrocoriaceum (T.C. WuiTMore) P.F. STEVENS; STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 358; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 48; — C. austrocoriaceum WHITMORE; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 174. Calophyllum macrocarpum Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 187; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 187; STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 452; KeNa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48. Calophyllum pulcherrimum WALL. ex Cuoisy; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 182; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 181; Stevens, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 395; KEeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 48. Calophyllum rigidum Mia.; Stevens, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 294; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; —C. kunstleri KiNG; RD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 182, p.p.; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 187. Calophyllum rubiginosum HEnp. & Wyatt-SmitH; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 189; Stevens, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 638; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; — C. wallichianum auct. non PLANCH. & TRIANA; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 187, p.p.. Calophyllum rufigemmatum Henp. & Wyatt-SMitTH; STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 350; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; — C. wallichianum auct. non PLANCH. & TRIANA; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 193, p.p. 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 Calophyllum soulattri Burm. 7; WxiTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 192: STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 277; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; — C. spectabile auct. non WILLD.; Rwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 185, p.p.. Calophyllum sp. 151; Stevens, J. Am. Arb. 61 (1980) 626. Calophyllum sundaicum P.F. Stevens; Stevens, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 467; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; — C. retusum auct. non WALL. ex CHOISY: Wuirtmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 188. Calophyllum tetrapterum Mig.; Stevens, J. Am. Arb. 61 (1980) 506; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; — C. floribundum Hook. f.; Rwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. I (1922) 184, p.p.; WuriTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 180, p_p.; — C_ foetidum RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 186, p._p.; — C. lanceola Rw..; R.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 182; — C. praineanum Kina; RDLEyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 183; — C. venustum KiNG; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 186. Calophyllum teysmannii Miq.; Stevens, J. Am. Arb. 61 (1980) 432; KENe, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; — C. inophylloide (non KiNG) RwL.; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 186, p.p.; — C. inophylloide KING var. singapurense HENDERSON & Wyatt-SMITH; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 186. Calophyllum wallichianum PLancu. & Tr. var. incrassatum (HENDERSON & Wyatt-Smitu) P.F. Stevens; STEVENS, J. Arn. Arb. 61 (1980) 294: Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48; — C. griffithii (non Kinc) Rwwe.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 187; — C. incrassatum HENDERSON & WyYATT-SMITH; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 183. Garcinia atroviridis Grirr. & T. ANpDerRs.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 173; BurxiL, Dict. (1935) 1047; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 314; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 206; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 353; Kene, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48. Garcinia bancana (Mig.) Mig.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 174; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 314: Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 206; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 353; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48. Garcinia eugeniaefolia WALL. ex T. ANDeRs.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 46; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 169; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 210; Kene, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 48. Garcinia forbesii Kinc; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 175; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 316; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 211; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 355; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 48. 105 106 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 Garcinia griffithii T. ANDerRs.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 174; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 317; Wuitmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 211; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 356; Kenc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 49. Garcinia hombroniana Pierre; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 46; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 171; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 318; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 212; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 357; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 49. Garcinia nervosa Mig.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 179; CorNgErR, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 318; WuirmorgE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 217; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 357; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 49. Garcinia nigrolineata PLANCH. ex T. ANDERS.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 176; CorNgR, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 319; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 218; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 358; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 49; — G. kunstleri KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 177. Garcinia parvifolia (Mig.) Mia.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 47; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 177; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 319; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 219; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 358; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 49; — G. globulosa RiD-.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 176. Garcinia pyrifera Rip_.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 180; WuiTMore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 220. Garcinia rostrata (HAssk.) Mia.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 46; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 169; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 220; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 49. Garcinia scortechinii KING; WuiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 221; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 49; — G. gaudichaudii PLANCH. & TRIANA; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 177; Burk, Dict. (1935) 1049; Corner, Ways. Trees Isted. (1940) 317; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 356. Mesua elegans (KING) KosterM.; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 229; — Kayea elegans KiNG; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 191; —Kayea caudata KING; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 191. HALORAGACEAE Haloragis chinensis (Lour.) MERR.; KENG, Mal. Nat. J. 23 (1970) 123; VAN DER MEUDEN & Caspers, Fl. Males. 17' (1971) 243; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 85. 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 HANGUANACEAE Hanguana malayana (Jack) Merr.; BACKER, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 249; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 125 — Susum anthelminticum BL. ex R. & S.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 131; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 369; BurkKiLL, Dict. (1935) 2109; — Susum malayanum PLANCH. ex Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 132; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 369: BurkmiLL, Dict. (1935) 2109: HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 207. HERNANDIACEAE Hernandia nymphaeifolia (PResL) Kupitzki; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 245: Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 363; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 20; — H. peltata MEIssn.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 138; BurkmiLi, Dict. (1935) 1141; — H. ovigera L.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 323. Illigera trifoliata (GrirrF.) DuNN.; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 247; KENc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 20; —/. appendiculata (non BL.) Kinc; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 80; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 139; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 445. HYDROCHARITACEAE Blyxa alternifolia (Mig.) HartoG; DEN Hartos, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 392: Kenc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 114; — Enhydrias angustipetala RWL.: RIp.Ley, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 4; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 4. Blyxa auberti Ricu.; DEN Hartoa, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 390; Kenc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 114; — B. malayana Rw .; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 4: RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 3: HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 7. Enhalus acoroides (L. 7.) RoyLeE; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 10; DEN Hartoe, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 402; pen Hartoc, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 215; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 114; — E. koenigii Ricu.: Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 152: Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 6, RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 4. Halophila beccarrii AsCHERS.; DEN HArToG, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 411: DEN Hartoa, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 261. Halophila minor (ZoLL.) HAartoG; SAcHET & FosBerG, Taxon 22 (1973) 439: DEN HarToo, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 410; Kenc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 114: — H. ovata GAUD.; DEN HarToG, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 251; — 107 108 L155 1156 [id7 1158 £159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 11; DEN Hartoa, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 408; pen Hartoa, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 240; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 114; — H. ovata (non Gaup.) ASCHERS.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 152; Riptey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 6; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 4. Halophila spinulosa (R. Br.) AscHers.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 30; DEN Hartoc, FI. Males. 1 5* (1958) 412; pEN Hartoc, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 263; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 114. Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) RoyLe; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 152; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 3; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 1; DEN Hartoa, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 385; Cook & LUOND, Aquatic Botany 13 (1982) 485; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 114. Thalassia hemprichii (EHRENB.) ASCHERS.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 35; DEN Hartoa, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 406; DEN HartoG, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 232; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 114. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) VAHL; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 438; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1213; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 308; Backer, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 207; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 174. HY PERICACEAE Cratoxylum arborescens (VAHL) BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 46; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 153; GoGELEIN, Blumea 15 (1967) 471; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 248; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 365; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 47. Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) BL.; GOGELEIN, Blumea 15 (1967) 463; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 251; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 365; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 47; — C. polyanthum Kortu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 46; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 152; — C. ligustrinum (SPACH) BL.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 327. Cratoxylum formosum (JAck) Dyer; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 46; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 153; GoceELemn, Blumea 15 (1967) 467; KOcCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 251; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 365; KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 47. Cratoxylum maingayi Dyer; GoGELEIN, Blumea 15 (1967) 470. Hypericum japonicum Tuuns. ex Murray; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 46; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 152; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 35; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 248; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 47. 1165 1166 1167 HY POXIDACEAE Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) KUNTZE; GEERINCK, fl. Males. I 11° (1993) 367; — C.recurvata DRYAND.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (12907) 65; Riptey, fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 299: Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 121. Curculigo latifolia DryaNnp.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166: Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 66; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 300; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 167: Geerinck, FI. Males. I 11° (1993) 369; —C. villosa WALL. ex Kurz; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 66; Rip.ey, fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 300; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 121. ICACINACEAE Cantleya corniculata (BEcc.) Howarp; SLEuMER, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 51; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 110; — C. johorica Riwi.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 436; — Stemonurus corniculatus (BEcc.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 297. 1168a Gomphandra quadrifida (BL.) SLEUM. var. angustifolia (KING) SLEUM.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 34; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 111; — G. lanceolata (Mast.) KinG; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; — G. lanceolata (Mast.) KING var. angustifolia KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 428. 1168b Gomphandra quadrifida var. ovalifolia (RIDL.) SLEUM.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 7’ (1971) 34; KocHuMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 111; — G. penangiana WALL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; — G. affinis (Miers) Mast-.; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 427. Gonocaryum gracile Miq.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 17; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 113; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 126; G. longeracemosum KinG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; RipLeEyY, — Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 431; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1099. Iodes ovalis BL.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 7! (1971) 68: KocHumMMeEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 109; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 126; —/. oblonga PLANCH.: Rp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 435. Iodes velutina KiNG; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; RipDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 434; SLeuMER, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 72; KocHuMMen, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 109; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 126. Phytocrene bracteata WaLL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61: RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 432; SLeumMeR, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 85: KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 109; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 126. Platea latifolia BL.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 426; BurxmL, Dict. (1935) 1768; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. 17' (1971) 11; KocHuMMeN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 114; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 126. 109 110 1174 1175 1176 77 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 Stemonurus malaccensis (MAst.) SLEUM.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 7! (1971) 60; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 117; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 126; — §. capitatus BEcc.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 431; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2074. Stemonurus scorpioides BeEcc.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 296; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2074; SLEUMER, FI. Males. I 7' (1971) 58; KocHummMen, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 117; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 126; — Lasianthera secundiflora [non (BL.) Miq.] KING; RID.Ley, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; — §. secundiflorus (non Bu.) RID_.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 430. IRIDACEAE Trimezia martinicensis (JACQ.) HERBERT; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 168; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 123; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. IXONANTHACEAE Ixonanthes icosandra JAck; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 325; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 221; CockBurn, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 307; Koot, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 625; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 256; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 94. Ixonanthes reticulata JAck; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 326; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 221; CockBuRN, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 307; Koo , Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 626; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 256; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 94. JUGLANDACEAE Engelhardtia serrata BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149; JAcoss, Fl. Males. I 6' (1960) 150; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 236; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 370; KEN, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 66; — E. wallichiana [non (LINDL. ex WALL.) DC.] Rip.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149; — E. nudiflora Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 369; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 333. LABIATAE Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Krze.; KENG, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 328; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 196; —A. ovata R. Br.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 649. Hyptis brevipes Porr.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; Ripcey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 645; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 390; KENa, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 369; Cor.etrT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KeNnG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 196. Hyptis capitata Jacg.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 391; Kena, Fl. Males. I 8* (1977) 369; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 196. 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Porr.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 124; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 645; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 391; KENG, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 371; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 197. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) Arr.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 34; Kena, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 335; Cor.etTrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 197 “nepetaefolia” . Leonurus sibiricus L.; Rm.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 651; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 389; KENc, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 336; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 197. Leucas linifolia SPRENG.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 197; — L. lavendulifolia J. E. SM.; RD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 651; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1338; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 393; Kena, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 338. Leucas zeylanica (L.) R. Br.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 650; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1338; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 392; KENG, Fl. Males. 1 8? (1977) 336; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 197. Ocimum americanum L.; Ken, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 376; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 197; —O. canum Sms; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 644; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1574. Ocimum basilicum L.; RID.Ley, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 643; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 395; KENa, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 377; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 197. Ocimum tenuiflorum L.; Kena, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 378; Press & SIVARAJAN, Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 19 (1989) 116; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 197; — O. sanctum L.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 643; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) fz: Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.; Kena, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 389: KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 197; — Coleus atropurpureus BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 124; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 646; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 635; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 396; — Coleus blumei BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 646, BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 635; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 396; — Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Copp; SMITH, FI. Vit. Nov. 5 (1991) 222. Pogostemon auricularius (L.) HAssk.; KENG, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 356; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 198; Dysophylla auricularia (L.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 1—25; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 648; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 393. 111 112 1193 1194 1195 1196 F197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 LAURACEAE Actinodaphne glomerata (BL.) Nees; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 108; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 104; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18. Actinodaphne macrophylla (BL.) NEEs; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 105; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18; —A. maingayi Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 108; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 345; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 382. Actinodaphne malaccensis Hook. f.; RipLtey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 108; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 105; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18; — A. hullettii GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 110; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18. Actinodaphne pruinosa NEEs; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 110 (incl. var. kunstleri GAMBLE); KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 106; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 18. Alseodaphne bancana Miaq.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 98; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 111; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18; — A. decipiens Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131. Alseodaphne intermedia KosTERMANS, Candollea 28 (1973) 113; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 113. Alseodaphne nigrescens (GAMBLE) KOSTERMANS; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 114; — Dehaasia nigrescens GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 88; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Beilschmiedia kunstleri GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 83; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 120; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18. Beilschmiedia madang BL.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 120; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18; — B. malaccensis Hook. f.; RioLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 83; — B. curtisii GAMBLE; Rip.ey, Fi. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 84; — B. scortechinii Gamble; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 84. Cassytha filiformis L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 137; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 444; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 102; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18. Cinnamomunm iners REINwW. ex BL.; RIpvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 92 (incl. var. angustifolium RIDL.); CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 377; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 126; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18; — C. nitidum BL.; Rwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; — C. paraneuron Mig.; Riwvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 92. Cinnamomum javanicum BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 94; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 378; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 126; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18. 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 Cinnamomum subavenium Miq.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 131; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 18; — C. ridleyi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 93. Cryptocarya caesia BL.; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 81; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 133; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18. Cryptocarya ferrea BL.; Riwtey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 79; KocHuMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 134; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18. Cryptocarya griffithiana WiGuT; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 77; KocHuMMeEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 134; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 18. Cryptocarya impressa Mia.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 78; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 135; KEnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Cryptocarya kurzii Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 80; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 135; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 19; — C. argentea GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 81. Cryptocarya rugulosa Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 78; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 136. Dehaasia incrassata (JACK) KOsTERM.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 380; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 139; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 19; — D. microcarpa BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 87. Lindera lucida (BL.) BoeRL.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 383: KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 146; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; — L. malaccensis Hook. f.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 133; — L. selangorensis RiDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 134. Litsea accedens (BL.) BoERL.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 151; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 19; — L. singaporensis GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 122. Litsea castanea Hook. f.; KOSTERMANS, Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 89; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 152; — L. quercina GAMBLE, RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 131. Litsea cordata Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 118; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 154; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Litsea costalis (BL.) KosTERM.; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 384; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 154; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; — Alseodaphne costalis NEES; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; —L. megacarpa GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 127. 113 114 1218 219 1220 bz) i222 1223 1224 {225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 Litsea costata (BL.) BOERL.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 154; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; — L. perakensis GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 122; — L. kunstleri GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 125; — L. patellaris GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 123; —L. pustulata GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 122. Litsea elliptica BL.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 156; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; —L. petiolata Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 119. Litsea erectinervia KosTERM.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 156; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Litsea ferruginea BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 129; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 156; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; — L. griffithii GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 129. Litsea firma Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 116; CorNgEr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 385; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 156; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 19. Litsea gracilipes Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 130; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 158. Litsea grandis Hook. f.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 115; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 385; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 158; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Litsea lanceolata (BL.) KosTERM.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 159; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; — L. sarawacensis GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 130. Litsea lancifolia (Roxs.) Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 130; MAXWELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 195; KocHuMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 160; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Litsea machilifolia GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 126; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 160; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Litsea myristicaefolia (WALL. ex NEES) Hook. f.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 125; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 385; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 161; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 19. Litsea ridleyi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 120; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 195; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Litsea robusta BL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 129; KocHumMMegn, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 163; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. 1231 $252 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 Litsea umbellata (Lour.) Merr.; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 385; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 166; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; L. amara BL.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 117. Neolitsea zeylanica (NEES) MErR.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 132; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 386; KocHUMMeEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 169; Litsea zeylanica NEES; RILey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132. Nothaphoebe coriacea KosTERM.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 170; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19. Nothaphoebe umbelliflora (BL.) BL.; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 101; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 172; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; Alseodaphne umbelliflora (Bu.) Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) tr. Persea declinata (BL.) KOSTERM.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 173; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 19; — Phoebe declinata NEEs; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 104. Phoebe grandis Merr.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 176; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 19; — P. opaca BL.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 131; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 105 (incl. var. cuspidata GAMBLE); — P. cuneata Bu.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 106; — P. kunstleri GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 105. LECYTHIDACEAE Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz; WuitMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 258; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 391; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 79; B. speciosa Forst.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 756. Barringtonia conoidea Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 757; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 258; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 391; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 79. Barringtonia macrostachya (JAcK) Kurz; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 758; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 260; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 392; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 79; — B. cylindrostachya Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83. Barringtonia racemosa (L.) SprRENG.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 757; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 259; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 392; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 80; — B. inclyta Miers; Rwwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83. Barringtonia reticulata (BL.) Mig.; WHiTMore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 260; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 392; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 80; B. sumatrana Miq.; RIwDcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 758; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 356. 115 116 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 Planchonia grandis RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 760; WHiTmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 264; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 80; — Careya n. sp.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83. LEEACEAE Leea aequata L.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 486; RipspaLg, Fl. Males. I 74 (1976) 775; LatirF, CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 757; Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 481; — L. robusta (non Roxs.) Rw. RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65, RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 486. Leea angulata Kortu. ex Miq.; RIpvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 485; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 97; RIDSDALE, Fl. Males. I 7* (1976) 772; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 757; Latirr, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 481, Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118. Leea indica (Burm. f.) MERR.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 97; RipsDALE, Fl. Males. I 7* (1976) 779; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 758; Latirr, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 482; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118; — L. sambucina WILLD.; RIpDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65 (incl. var. biserrata); RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 484; — L. javanica (non BL.) KiNG; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 486. Leea rubra BL. ex SpRENG.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 485; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 97; RipsDALE, FI. Males. I 7* (1976) 776; CorNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 758; Latirr, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 482; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 118. LEGUMINOSAE Abrus precatorius L.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 558; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 85; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 31. Acacia auriculiformis A. CUNN. ex BENTH.; CorLeTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 448; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 58. Acacia concinna (WILLD.) A. DC.; Nrecsen, Fl. Males. I 11! (1992) 48. Acacia kekapur I. Nie_s.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31; NigLsEn, Fl. Males. 111! (1992) 50; —A. pseudointsia Miq.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 657. Adenanthera malayana KosTERMANS; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 170; — A. bicolor auctt., non Moon; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 654; WuitmMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 276; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 450; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31. $252 1253 1254 1255 1256 | aa 1258 1259 1260 1261 Adenanthera pavonina L.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 653; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 276; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 450; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31; NiELsen, FI. ‘Males. I 11! (1992) 173. Aeschynomene americana L.; TAN et a/., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 130. Aeschynomene indica L.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 602; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 82; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31. Albizia pedicellata BAKER ex BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 659; WuitmMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 279; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 453; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11! (1992) 78. Albizia retusa BENTH.; WHiTMorRE, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 280; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 454; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31; NreLsen, FI. Males. I 11! (1992) 80; —A. littoralis T. & B.; Rwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 659. Albizia splendens Miq.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31; NrELsEn, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 83; — Pithecellobium confertum BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 661; Pithecellobium splendens (MiQ.) CORNER; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 287; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 465. Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.; Rioiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73 (incl. var. nummularifolius); RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 604; HENDERsoN, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 90; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31; —A. nummularifolius DC.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 604. Archidendron clypearia (JACK) I. Nre_s.; NIELSEN, Fl. Thail. 4 (1985) 208; NIELSEN, FI. Males. I 11! (1992) 97; — Pithecellobium clypearia (JACK) BENTH.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 64; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 284; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 462; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 37; — Pithecellobium angulatum BENTH.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 664; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 462. Archidendron contortum (Marrt.) Niexs.; NIELSEN, Fl. Thail. 4 (1985) 211; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 100; — Pithecellobium contortum Makrt.; Rwp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 664; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 285; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 462; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 37. Archidendron ellipticum (BL.) Niets.; NIELSEN, Fl. Thail. 4 (1984) 215; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 100; — Pithecellobium ellipticum (BL.) Hassk.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 662; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 286; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 463; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 38. 117 118 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 127] Ag: Archidendron globosum (BL.) Nre_s., Adansonia 19 (1979) 18; NIELSEN, FI. Males. I 11! (1992) 104; — Pithecellobium affine BAKER ex BENTH.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 662; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1759; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 418; — Pithecellobium globosum (BL.) KOSTERM.; WHITMORE, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 286; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 464; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 38. Archidendron jiringa (JACK) NieLs.; NIELSEN, Fl. Thail. 4 (1985) 218; NieLsen, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 106; — Pithecellobium lobatum BENtTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 661;—Pithecellobium Jiringa (JACK) PRAIN; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 286; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 464; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 38. Archidendron microcarpum (BentuH.) NigELs., Adansonia 19 (1979) 17; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 109; — Pithecellobium microcarpum BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 77; RiD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 663; WuiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 287; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 464; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 38. Bauhinia semibifida Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 627; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 32. Caesalpinia bonduc Roxs. emend. DANDY & EXELL; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 649; HatTINK, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 17; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 32. Caesalpinia crista L.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 32; HatTink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 20; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 32; — C. nuga Arr.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 650. Caesalpinia sumatrana Roxs.; HatTTink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 56; — Mezoneuron sumatranum (Roxs.) W. & A. ex Mia.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; Rww.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 647; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36. Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxs.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 651; Hattink, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 57;— ?C. globulorum non Baku. f. & VAN ROYEN; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 32. Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 32. Canavalia cathartica THou.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33; —C. obtusifolia (non DC.) PRAIN; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71; —C. turgida GRaAH. ex A. Gray; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 573; — C. microcarpa (DC.) PIPER; HENpDeERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 89. Canavalia maritima (AuBL.) THou.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33; — C. lineata (non DC.) PRAIN; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71; — C. obtusifolia (LAM.) DC.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 572; — C. rosea (Sw.) DC.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 88; Rupp, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 7 (1991) 274. 1273 1274 275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 Debate rages over whether maritima or rosea is the correct epithet for this taxon. Centrosema plumieri (Turp. ex Pers.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 615; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 33. Centrosema pubescens BENTH.; CorLETT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662. Chamaecrista nictinans (L.) MoeNcu; Lock, Legumes of Africa (1989) 32; — Cassia lechenaultiana DC.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 619; — Cassia aeschinomene DC. ex COLLAD.; RuDD, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 7 (1991) 88. Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) GREENE; Lock, Legumes of Africa (1989) 32; — Cassia mimosoides L.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 619; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 97; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33. Clitoria laurifolia Poir.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 72; Cor err, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33; — C. cajanaefolia (PRESL) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 569. Clitoria ternatea L.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 569; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 73; Cortetrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 33. Crotalaria bialata SCHRANK; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33; — C. alata Bucu.-Ham. ex G. Don; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 560; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 67. Crotalaria incana L.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 562; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 31; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. Crotalaria juncea L.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. Crotalaria pallida Air.; POLHILL, Crotalaria in Africa & Madagascar (1982) 184; —C. saltiana (non ANDR.) PRAIN ex KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 562; — C. mucronata DEsv.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. Crotalaria quinquefolia L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 563; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 72; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. Crotalaria retusa L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 561; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 68; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. Cynometra ramiflora L.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 635; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 731; Wuitmore, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 254; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 434; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. 119 120 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 ae bed 1292 £293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 Dalbergia candenatensis (DENNST.) PRAIN; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34; — D. torta GRAH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 591. Dalbergia hullettii PRAIN; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; RipDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 590; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. Dalbergia junghuhnii BEnTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72 (incl. var. scortechinii); KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34; — D. scortechinii BENTH.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 589; — D. stercoracea MAING.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 589. Dalbergia parviflora Roxs.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 589; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. Dalbergia rostrata Hassk.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 590; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 34; — D. pseudosissoo Migq.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73. Dalbergia velutina BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 592; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34. Derris amoena BENTH. var. maingayana (BAKER) PRAIN; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 597; MAxweE tL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 231; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 34. Derris heptaphylla (L.) Merr.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34; — D. sinuata BENTH. ex THw.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 594; — Aganope heptaphylla (L.) POLHILL, Kew Bull. 25 (1971) 268. Derris scandens (Roxs.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 595; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 34. Derris thyrsiflora (BENTH.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 594; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34; —Aganope thyrsiflora (BENTH.) POLHILL, Kew Bulletin 25 (1971) 268. Derris trifoliata Lour.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 34; —D. uliginosa (ROxB. ex WILLD.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 595. Desmanthus virgatus (L.) WILLD.; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 213; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 130. Desmodium caudatum (THuns.) DC.; KNAAP-vAN MEEUWEN, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 248; Onasui, Ginkgoana | (1973) 91; — D. laburnifolium (Potr.) DC.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 608; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 23; Cor-ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662. Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC.; HENpERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 80; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 35; — D. polycarpum (Potr.) DC.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73 (incl. var. ovalifolia); RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 609; — D. ovalifolium WALL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 610; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 76. 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 LES 1314 Desmodium heterophyllum (WILLD.) DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 606; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 75; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 35. Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.; Ri ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 606; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 74; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 35. Desmodium umbellatum (L.) DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 607; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 406; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 35; — Dendrolobium umbellatum (L.) BENTH.; OunasuI, Ginkgoana | (1973) 82. Dialium indum L.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 622; Wuitmoreg, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 259; — D. laurinum Baker; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 622; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 260; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 35. Dialium maingayi Baker; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 622; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 260; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 35. Dialium patens BAKER; WuHiTMoRE, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 260. Dialium platysepalum Baker; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 623; WuiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 261; — D. wallichii PRain; Rwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 623; Wuirmorg, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 261; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 35. Dioclea hexandra (RALPH) MABBERLEY var. javanica (BENTH.) DEN HENGST; — Dioclea reflexa Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 571. Entada spiralis Rip-.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 655; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 35; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11! (1992) 180. Flemingia strobilifera (L.) Air. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 565; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 63; — Moghania strobilifera (L.) St. Hit. ex JAcKSON; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36. Indigofera hirsuta L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 580; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 84; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 35. Indigofera spicata Forsk.; DE Kort & TuusseE, Blumea 30 (1984) 132. Indigofera suffruticosa MILL.; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 32; Cor.etTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 35. Indigofera tinctoria L.; Rip_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 581; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1259; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 36. Indigofera zollingeriana Mig.; DE Kort & Tuusse, Blumea 30 (1984) 132. 121 122 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 i321 1322 1325 1324 1325 1326 Intsia bijuga (CoLeBR.) O. Krze.; WHiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 262; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 438; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36; — Afzelia retusa Kurz; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 639; —Afzelia bijuga A. Gray; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 639. Koompassia malaccensis MAING. ex BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 620; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 265; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 439; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36. Kunstleria ridleyi PRAIN; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 600; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36. Leucaena leucocephala (LmMk.) DE Wit; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 456; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 36; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11! (1992) 182; — L. glauca BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (19227 653. Millettia atropurpurea (WALL.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; WuiTMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 296; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 413; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36; — Adinobotrys atropurpureus (WALL.) DUNN; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 587; — Whitfordiodendron pubescens (CRAIB) BURKILL; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 2256. Millettia eriantha BENTu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36; — Adinobotrys erianthus (BENTH.) DUNN; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 586. Millettia maingayi BAKER; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36; — Padebruggea maingayi (BAKER) DuNN; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 587. Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) O. Kuntze; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 184; — M. sepiaria BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 656; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 103; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36. Mimosa diplotricha C. WricHt ex SAUVALLE; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 184; — M. invisa auct., non Mart. ex CoLLA; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36. Mimosa pigra L.; Corett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 36; NieLsen, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 185. Mimosa pudica L.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 656; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 102; Cor ert, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 36; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11! (1992) 185. Mucuna gigantea (WILLD.) DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 577; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 37. 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 Neptunia oleracea Lour.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 653; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 101; CorLetr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11' (1992) 189; —N. natans (L. f.) Druce; KEnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 37.; — Neptunia plena (L.) BentH.; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 231; Cor.eTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 37; NIELSEN, FI. Males. I 11! (1992) 214. Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr.; Rupp, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 7 (1991) 169; —O. glabrum Teyso. & BInn.; SINcLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14(1953) 32. Ormosia bancana (Mig.) MerR.; WuHiTMore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 300; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 414; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 37; O. parvifolia BAKER; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 614. Ormosia macrodisca BaK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 613; WuitmMore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 301; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 37. Ormosia sumatrana (Miq.) PRAIN; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922)614; WuiTmoreE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 301; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 37; — O. microsperma BaKER; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 614. Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I. NIELSEN; NIELSEN, Fl. Males. I 11! (1992) 151; — A. moluccana Miaq.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 76; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 659; — A. falcata (L.) BACKER; WuITMoRE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 277; — A. falcataria (L.) FosBERG; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 452; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 31. Parkia speciosa Hassk.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 652; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 281; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 458; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 37; ForTUNE- Hopkins, Fl. Males. I 11! (1992) 198. Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) BAcKER ex HEYNE; WuHiTMorE, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 268; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 440; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 37; — P. ferrugineum (DEcNE.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 646. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 303; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 415; KENa, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 38; — P. glabra VENT.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 72; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 593. Pseudarthria viscida (L.) W. & A.; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 32; Cor-etT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662. Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxs.) BENTH.; CorLETT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 38. 123 124 1339 1340 134] 1342 4343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 Senna alata (L.) Roxs.; Lock, Legumes of Africa (1989) 36; — Cassia alata L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 619; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 98; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 429; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33. Senna hirsuta (L.) IRwin & BARNeEBy; Lock, Legumes of Africa (1989) 37; — Cassia hirsuta L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 618; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 96; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33. Senna obtusifolia (L.) T. & B.; Lock, Legumes of Africa (1989) 38; — Cassia obtusifolia L.; RIDcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 618; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link; Lock, Legumes of Africa (1989) 38; — Cassia occidentalis L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 74; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 618; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 99; Cortett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33. Senna tora (L.) Roxs.; Lock, Legumes of Africa (1989) 40; — Cassia tora L.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 618; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 99; Cor ETT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KEeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 33. Serianthes grandiflora BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 657; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 39; Nrevsen, Fl. Thail. 4 (1985) 220; Nrecsen, FI. Males. I 11' (1992) 160; — S. dilmyi Fosperc; WuitTMore, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 289; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 38. Sesbania cannabina (ReETz.) PorreT; BurRBRIDGE, Aust. J. Bot. 13 (1965) 118. Sindora wallichii Grau. ex BENTH.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 637; WuHiTmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 273; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 39; — S. intermedia (BAKER) PRAIN; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 75; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 638. Spatholobus ferrugineus (ZoLL. & Mor.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922)574; RippER-NUMAN & WIRIADINATA, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 170; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 39. Spatholobus maingayi PRAIN ex KiNG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 575; RippER-NUMAN & WIRIADINATA, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 180; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 39. Spatholobus ridleyi PRAIN ex Kin; Ribey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 575; RippER-NUMAN & WiRIADINATA, Reinwardtia 10 (1985) 194; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 39. Stylosanthes guianensis (AuBL.) Sw.; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662. Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.; Rupp, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 7 (1991) 180; —S. sundaica TAvB.; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 39. 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 Tephrosia noctiflora Boyer ex BAKER; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2132: BosMAN & pe Haas, Blumea 28 (1983) 458; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662: — T. hookeriana W. & A.: Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 71: — T. subamoena PRAIN; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 581. Uraria crinita (L.) Desv. ex DC.; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 602: HENDERsoNn, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 65; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 39. Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 87; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 39; — V. retusa (E. MEYER) WALP.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 70; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 568. Vigna unguiculata (L.) WaALP.; Coretr, J. Biogeog. 19 (1992) 427. Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 73; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 601; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 91; CorLetr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 39. LEMNACEAE Lemna perpusilla Torrey; VAN DER PLas, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 230; — L. paucicostata HEGELM.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179, RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 52; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 132: HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 210. Lemna tenera Kurz; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 132: Ripiey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 52; VAN DER Pias, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 235: — L. sp. near L. trisulca Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179, Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) SCHLEID.; VAN DER PLas, Fl. Males. 17' (1971) 224; — L. polyrhiza L.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179, Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 53; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 132. Wolffia globosa (Roxs.) HartoG & PLAS; VAN DER Pas, Fl. Males. 17‘ (1971) 236; — W. arrhiza (non WIMMER) MarTENs; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179, RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907) 53; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 132; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 210. LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia aurea Lour.; Taytor, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 296; — U. flexuosa VAHL; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 491; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 336. Utricularia bifida L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119: Riptey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 492; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 337; Taytor, FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 281; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 181. Nn 126 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 137] Utricularia caerulea L.; Taytor, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 287; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 181; — U. racemosa WALL. ex WALP.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119; — U. albina Ripi.; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 493; — U. ophirensis RiDt.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 495. Utricularia gibba L.; TAyLor, The Genus Utricularia (1989) 572; — U. exoleta R. Br.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 491; TayLor, Fl. Males. 18? (1977) 294; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 181. Utricularia punctata WALL. ex A. DC.; Taytor, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 293; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 181; — U. fluitans Riwv.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 491. Utricularia uliginosa VAHL; Tay_or, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 282; Kenc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 181; —U. affinis var. griffithii (WiGHT) OLIv.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119; — U. griffithii WicuT; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 492. LILIACEAE Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 92; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 329; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 186; Jessop, Fl. Males. 19! (1979) 207; KeENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 116. Peliosanthes teta ANpr. ssp. humilis (ANprR.) Jessop; Jessop, Fl. Males. I 9! (1979) 229; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 117; — P. violacea WALL. ex BAKER, RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen 2 89; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 324; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) . viridis Ripi., RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; Mat. FI. Mal. Pen 2 89; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 325; HeNpgerson, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 184; LINACEAE Indorouchera griffithiana (PLANCH.) HALLIER f.; COCKBURN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 306; VAN Hooren & Nooresoom, FI. Males. 110° (1988) 617; KeNnG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 93; — Roucheria griffithiana PLANCH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 323. LOGANIACEAE Fagraea acuminatissima Merr.; LEENHouTS, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 319; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 271; — F. obovata (non WALL.) KING; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 418. Fagraea auriculata Jack; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 416; BurkiL, Dict. (1935) 993; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 39; Leenuouts, Fl. Males. I 6* (1962) 326; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 270; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 140. 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 Fagraea fragrans Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 424; LEENHouTs, FI. Males. I 6? (1962) 304 (in part); KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 273; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 468; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 140 (in part); — Cyrtophyllum peregrinum REINW.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 421. Fagraea gigantea RIDL.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 425; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 273; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 469; — F. speciosa (non BL.) Riw.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114; — Cyrtophyllum giganteum RiDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 421; — F. fragrans Roxs.; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 67 (1962) 304 (in part); KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 140 (in part). Fagraea racemosa JAcK ex WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114: RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 418; BurkmLt, Dict. (1935) 996; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 425; LEENHOUTS, FI. Males. I 67 (1962) 311; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 270; CorNgrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 469; KEN«, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 140; — F. ligustrina BL.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 420; — F. morindaefolia BL.; Rip ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114. Fagraearidleyi KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 417; LEENHOUTs, Fl. Males. I 67 (1962) 320; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 271; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 140; — F. carnosa (non Jack) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114. Norrisia maior SOLERED.; LEENHOUTS, Fl. Males. I 67 (1962) 341; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 274; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 141; — N. malaccensis (non GARDN.) RIDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 114: BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1561; —WN. malaccensis GARDN. var. major RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 414. Strychnos axillaris CoLesr.; LEENHOUTS, Fl. Males. I 67 (1962) 358: KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 141; — S. malaccensis BENTH.; RD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 425; —S. pubescens CLARKE; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 424; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 2098. Strychnos ignatii BERG; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2095; LEENHouTs, FI. Males. I 6° (1962) 347; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 141; —S. tieute Lescu.; RiDey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; —S. ovalifolia WALL. ex G. Don; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 425; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2097. Strychnos maingayi CLARKE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 423; LEENHouTs, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 350; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 141. Strychnos ridleyi Kinc & GamBLe; Riptey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 424; LEENHOUTS, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 360; Ken, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 141. 127 128 138] 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 LORANTHACEAE Amylotheca duthieana (KING) Danser; Danser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. III 11 (1931) 244; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 129; — Loranthus duthieanus KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 156. Barathranthus axsanthus (Kortu.) Miq.; DANskER, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. II 11 (1931) 393; —Loranthus lobbii Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 153; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 451. Dendrophthoe falcata (L. f.) Errincsu.; DANsER, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. III 11 (1931) 403; — Loranthus longiflora Desr.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134. Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.; DANskr, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. I 11 (1931) 417; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 129; Loranthus crassus Hook. f.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 155; — Loranthus pentandrus L.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 155; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 454. Elytranthe albida (BL.) BL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 158; DANskr, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. III 11 (1931) 305; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 129; — Loranthus albidus Bu.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134. Elytranthe arnottiana (Kortu.) Mig.; DANseER, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. II 11 (1931) 307; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 129; — Loranthus maingayi Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; — Elytranthe maingayi (Hook. f.) TreGH.; RmDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 158. Helixanthera coccinea (JACK) DANsER; DANSER, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. II 11 (1931) 374; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 129; — Loranthus coccineus Jack; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 152; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 452. Helixanthera parasitica Lour.; DANser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. III 11 (1931) 381; — Loranthus pentapetalus Roxs.; RiD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 152; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 452. Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tie&GH.; DANskR, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. III 11 (1931) 279; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 129; — Loranthus ampullaceus RoxB.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; — Elytranthe globosa (Roxs.) G. Don; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 161; — Loranthus globosus RoxB.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 453. Macrosolen papillosus (GAMBLE) Danser; Danser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. II 11 (1931) 293; — Elytranthe papillosa GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 160. Macrosolen retusus (Jack) Miq.; DANskgr, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. III 11 (1931) 296; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 129; — Loranthus retusus Jack; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; — Elytranthe retusa (JAcK) G. Don; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 160. 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 Scurrula ferruginea (JACK) DANsgr; Danser, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. Ill 11 (1931) 432; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 129; — Loranthus ferrugineus Jack; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 153; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 449. Scurrula parasitica L.; TAN ef al/., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 130. Viscum articulatum Burm. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 165; DANsrr, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. [II 11 (1931) 460; HENDeERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 455; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 130; — V. flexuosum GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 165. Viscum ovalifolium WaLL. ex DC.; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 130; — V. orientale (non WILLD.) RiDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 134; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 164; DANsrr, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Sér. III 11 (1931) 466; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 455. LYTHRACEAE Ammania baccifera L.; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 131. Pemphis acidula J.R. & G. Forst.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 821; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 146; EVERETT & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 276; CorNngrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 475; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 83. MAGNOLIACEAE Magnolia candolii (BL.) H. KENG var. singapurensis (RIDL.) Noot.; NoOTEBOOM, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 586; — Talauma lanigera (non Hook. f. & THoms.) RIDL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 38; — Talauma singapurensis RIDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 16; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 293; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 9. Magnolia elegans (BL.) H. KENG; Nooresoom, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 573; — Aromadendron elegans BL.; RIwD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 38 (also called Talauma elegans (BL.) Mig.); RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 17; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 241; Kenc, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 283; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 8. Magnolia maingayi Kinc; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 84; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 13; BurkmLL, Dict. (1935) 1393; KeNG, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 285; NoorEeBoom, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 573; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 9. Magnolia villosa (Mig.) H. KENc; Nootesoom, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 588; — Talauma lanigera Hook. f. & THoms.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 15; — Talauma villosa Mig.; KENG, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 293; KeNnc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 9. 129 130 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 MALPIGHIACEAE Aspidopteris concava (WALL.) Juss.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; Riwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 329; Jacoss, Fl. Males. I 5? (1955) 129; MAxwELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 195; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 95. Hiptage sericea Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 328; Jacoss, Fl. Males. I 5? (1955) 131; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 95. Tristellateia australasiae A. Ricu.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 55 (australasica); RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 327; Jacoss, Fl. Males. I 57 (1955) 136; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 95. MALVACEAE Abelmoschus moschatus MepiIk.; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 310; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 89; — Hibiscus abelmoschus L.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 258. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 256; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 37; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 310; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 89. Hibiscus surattensis L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 258; KocHUMMeEN, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 311; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 90. Hibiscus tiliaceus L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; RmpLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 259; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1163; KocHUMMegn, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 312; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 482; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 90. Sida acuta Burn. f.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 37; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 90; — Sida carpinifolia L. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 50; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 255. Sida cordifolia L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 254; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 39; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 90. Sida rhombifolia L.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 254; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 38; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 90. Thespesia populnea (L.) SOLAND. ex CorreA; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 260; BurxiLL, Dict. (1935) 2152; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 444; KocHumMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 313; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 483; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 90. Urena lobata L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 51; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 256; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 36; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972)310; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 90. 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 MARANTACEAE Donax grandis (Miq.) RiwL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 56; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 286; Ho_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1951) 268; HENDERsoNn, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 129. Phrynium parvum (Rip_.) Hottr., Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1951) 283; — Stachyphrynium minus (non SCHUM.) RIDL., RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 59; — Stachyphrynium parvum RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 288. Phrynium villosulum Mig.; KENNEDY, Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 728; —P. basiflorum Rip.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 60; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 289; Hoitrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1951) 292. Possibly merely planted at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Schumannianthus dichotomus (Roxs.) GAGNEP.; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1951) 272; — Donax arundastrum (non Lour.) SCHUM.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 286. Stachyphrynium griffithii (Bak.) K. ScHum.; RipLtey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 57; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 287; Ho_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1951) 276; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 181;—PhArynium griffithii BAK.; RmDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166. MELASTOMATACEAE Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 807; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 128; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81. Diplectria divaricata (WILLD.) O. KTzE.; VELDKAMP, FRANKEN, Roos & NAYAR, Blumea 24 (1978) 417; —Anplectrum glaucum (JAcK) TRIANA; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 799; BurxkiLL, Dict. (1935) 172; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 131;—Anplectrum divaricatum (WILLD.) TRIANA; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 800; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 172: HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 131; —D. glaucum (Jack) VELDK.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81. Diplectria stipularis (BL.) O.KTze.; VELDKAMP, FRANKEN, Roos & NAyYAr, Blumea 24 (1978) 424; — Anplectrum annulatum (WALL.) TRIANA; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; — Anplectrum lepido-setosum KinG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 799. Diplectria viminalis (JAcK) O.KtTze.; VELDKAMP, FRANKEN, Roos & NAYAR, Blumea 24 (1978) 427; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81; — Anplectrum pallens (BL.) TRIANA; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 800 (incl var. petiolare RiwL.); HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 132. Dissochaeta annulata Hook. f. ex TRiANA; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 796; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81. 131 132 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 143] 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 Dissochaeta celebica BL.; RIpDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 798; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 130; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 81. Dissochaeta gracilis (JACK) BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 797; HENpErson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 130; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81. Dissochaeta intermedia BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 798; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81. Dissochaeta pallida (JAck) BL.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 797; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81. Dissochaeta punctulata Hook. f. ex TRIANA; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 796; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81. Macrolenes echinulata (Naup.) BAku. f.; MAXWELL, Malay. Nat. J. 35 (1982) 161; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81 (“echinata”); — Marumia rhodocarpa Cocn.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; Rip.Ley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 795. Macrolenes nemorosa (JACK) BAKH. f.; MAXWELL, Malay. Nat. J. 35 (1982) 161; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81; — Marumia nemorosa (JACK) BL.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 795; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 129. Medinilla crassifolia (REINW. ex BL.) BL.; MAXxweELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 157; — M. hasseltii Bu.; RiwLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 802; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 138. Medinilla radicans (BL.) BL.; MAXWELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 169; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 81; — M. macrocarpa BL.; RIw_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85; — M. crassinervia (non BL.) KinGc; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 804; HENpERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 137. Melastoma maiabathricum L.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 764; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 141; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 486; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81; — M. polyanthum BL.; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 765. Memecylon acuminatum Smitu; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 817; Maxwe__, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 57; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 488; MAxwELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 187. Memecylon amplexicaule Roxs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 815; MaxweE_L, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 58; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 488; MAXxweELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 187; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81; — M. microstomum CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88. Memecylon caeruleum JAck; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 816; MAxweELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 61; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 489; MAxwELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 188; Kenc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 81. 1437 1438 1439 Memecylon campanulatum CLarKeE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 818; MAxweELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 63; MAxweELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 188. Memecylon cantleyi RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 818; MAxwe LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 64; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 196; MAxweLL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 188; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81. Memecylon cinereum KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 817; Maxwe Lt, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 66; Maxwe ., Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 187. 1440a Memecylon edule Roxs. var. edule; MAxweELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 72; MAXWELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 189; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81; — M. edule; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; Rmp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 819; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 489. 1440b Memecylon edule var. ovatum (SM.) CL.; Ripuey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 (1901) 88; MaxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 74; MaAxweELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 190; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81; — M. laxiflorum WALL. ex RIDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 815. Memecylon excelsum BL.; MAxweELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 76; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 196; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 489; MAXWELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 190; — M. heteropleurum BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 813; — M. maingayi CL.; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 11922) £13. Memecylon floridum RipL.; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 816; MAxwe LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 78; MaxweL_, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 190. Memecylon fruticosum KiNG; MAxwe.LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 79; MAXWELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 187; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 81; —M. sp.(5753); Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; —M. campanulatum (non CLARKE) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; — M. epiphyticum KinG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 811; — M. tenuifolium Ruw.; RDcey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 812. Memecylon garcinioides BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; RIpD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 818; Maxwe LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 81; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 489; Maxwe LL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 191. Memecylon globosum Baku. f.; MAXWELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 82; MAXWELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 186; — M. sp. (6788), Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86 Memecylon intermedium Bt.; Maxwe.L, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 84; MAXweELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 186. Memecylon lancifolium Ripv.; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 311; MAxweLt, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 107; — M. sp. (3840); RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86. 133 134 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 Only known from type which is in poor condition. Memecylon lilacinum Z. & M.; Maxwe Lt, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 87; MAXxwELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 190; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82; — M. myrsinoides BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88 (var. lilacinum (Z. & M.) KiNG); RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 817; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 490; — M. laevigatum BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 817. Memecylon megacarpum Furtapo; MAXxwELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 91; MAXWELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 193; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82. Memecylon minutiflorum Miq.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 818; MAxwELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 93; MAxweLL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 193. Memecylon oleifolium BL.; RibLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 814; MAxwe LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 95; MAxweLL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 193; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82; — M. grande Retz.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86. Memecylon oligoneurum BL.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 811; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 99. Memecylon paniculatum JAck; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 101; MAxwELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 194; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82. Memecylon pauciflorum BL.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 816; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 102. Memecylon pubescens (CL.) KING; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 814; Maxwe__, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1980) 104; MAxweELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 195. Ochthocharis borneensis BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 775; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 144; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82. Ochthocharis javanica BL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 775; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 145; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 82. Ochthocharis paniculata Kortu.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 774; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82. Pachycentria constricta (BL.) BL.; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 202; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 82; — P. macrorrhiza Brcc.; RIw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85; — P. tuberculata Kortu.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 805; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 140. 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 Pachycentria maingayi (CLARKE) MaAxw.; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 203; MaxweL_, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 196; KEN, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 82; — P. glauca TRIANA; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85; — Medinilla maingayi CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 803; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 134. Plethiandra sessiliflora (CoGN.) MeErRR.:; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 806; Nayar, Reinwardtia 9 (1974) 149; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82. Pogonanthera pulverulenta (JAck) BL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 805; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 139; Maxwe LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 209; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 82; — P. reflexa (REINW. ex BL.) BL.:; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85. Pternandra coerulescens Jack; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85: Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 808: Corner, Ways. Trees 2nd ed. (1952) 452; Maxwe _, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 26; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 491; MAxweLL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 196; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82; — P. capitellata Jack; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 808: Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 491; — P. paniculata BENTH. ex CL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85; — P. jackiana (WALP.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 808. Pternandra echinata Jack; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; RIDLEY. Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 809 (incl. vars); MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 42: Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 491; MaxweL_, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 197; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82; — Kibessia echinata (Jack) Cocn.:; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85: — Kibessia acuminata DECNE.: Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 85. Pternandra tuberculata (KortH.) NAyAR; MAxwe Ll, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 73; MAxwELL, Tree Fl. Malaya4 (1989) 198; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82; — P. paniculata BENTH. ex RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 809. Sonerila heterostemon Naup.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 787; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 116; MAxwe LL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 196; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82; — S. obliqua (non Kortu.) Cocn.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84. Sonerila moluccana Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84: KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 82; —S. heterophylla HErs.; Ripcey,J.Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 84; — S. begoniifolia BL. “begoniaefolia”; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 790; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 123. MELIACEAE Aglaia aspera TeusmM. & BINN.; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 213; — A. cinerea KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 404. Aglaia cordata Hiern; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 409; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 213; KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101. 135 136 1470 147] 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 Aglaia cucullata (RoxsB.) PELLEGRIN; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 214; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101; —Amoora cucullata Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 399. Aglaia exstipulata (Grirr.) THEOB.; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 215; — A. griffithii (HIERN) Kurz; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 409. Aglaia glabriflora Hiern; RipDcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 404; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 217; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101. Aglaia meliosmoides Crais; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 219; — Beddomea racemosa RID..; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 414. Aglaia odoratissima BL.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 404; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 496; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 221; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101. Aglaia oligophylla Mig.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 403; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 222; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101. Aglaia palembanica Miq.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 409; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 223; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101. Aglaia ridleyi (KING) PANNELL; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 223; — Amoora ridleyi KING; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 398. Aglaia rubescens (HIERN) PANNELL; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 223; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101; — Amoora rubescens HIERN; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 399. Aglaia rubiginosa (HIERN) PANNELL; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 225; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 101; — Amoora rubiginosa HIERN; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 398. Aglaia sp. 3, PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 228; — Amoora lanceolata HIERN; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 399. Aglaia tenuicaulis Hiern; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 408; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 226. Aglaia trichostemon DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 407; PANNELL, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 227; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101. Aphanamixis polystachya (WALL.) PARKER; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 230; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101; —Amoora aphanamixis SCHULTES; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; — A. rohituka (ROxB.) PIERRE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 401. Aphanamixis sumatrana (Mig.) Ript.; RmLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 400; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 231. 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 Chisocheton erythrocarpus Hiern; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 388; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 235; KEnNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 101. Chisocheton macrophyllus Kinc; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 389; MapBer.ey, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 235; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102. Chisocheton patens BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 235; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102; —C. divergens BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 390; — C. glomeratus HIERN; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 389. Chisocheton pauciflorus KinG; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 387; MaBBErRLEy, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 237; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102. Chisocheton pentandrus (BLANCO) Merr. ssp. paucijugus (Miq.) MaAss.; MaBBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 238; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102; C. spicatus HIERN; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 387. Dysoxylum acutangulum Miq.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 393; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 240; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102. Dysoxylum alliaceum (BL.) BL.; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 240; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102; — D. costulatum Mig.; Rww_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 394; —D. pulchrum Rw_.; RIpD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 395; — D. thyrsoideum Grirr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 393; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 886. Dysoxylum cauliflorum HIERN; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 396; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 501; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 242; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102. Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum Mig.; MaBBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 242; — D. alternatum RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 397; — D. venulosum Kinc; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 393; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 886. Dysoxylum densiflorum (BL.) Mig.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 396; MaABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 243. Dysoxylum excelsum BL.; MaBBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 244; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102; — D. macrothyrsum Mig.; Rw_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 394; — D. turbinatum KiNG; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 394. Dysoxylum flavescens Hiern; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 396; MaBBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 244; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102. Dysoxylum sp. 1, MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 246. Sandoricum beccarianum BaiL_.; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 249; — S$. emarginatum Hiern; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 385; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1946. 137 138 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) MERR.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 504; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 249; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 102; — S. indicum Cav.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 385; — S. radiatum Kina; RIDLeEy, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 59; — S. maingayi HIERN; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 385; — S. nervosum BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 385; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1948. Turraea breviflora RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 383; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 252; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 103. Walsura chrysogyne (Miq.) BAKH. f.; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 254; — W. multijuga KiNG; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 412. Xylocarpus granatum KoeEn.; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 260; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 103; — Carapa obovata BL.; RIwLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; Watson, Malay. For. Rec. 6 (1927) 73; — Carapa moluccensis (non LAMK.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 414; — Carapa granatum (KoEN.) ALSTON; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 452; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 458; CorNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 497. Xylocarpus moluccensis RoeM.; MaABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 260; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 103; — Carapa obovata (non BL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 414; — Carapa moluccensis LAMK.; WATSON, Malay. For. Rec. 6 (1927) 70; CorNgER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 459, p.p.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 498, p.p. Xylocarpus rumphii (KosTev.) MAsBB.; MABBERLEY, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 260; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 103; — Carapa moluccensis LAMK. sensu CorNER; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 459 p.p.; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988), 498 p.p. MENISPERMACEAE Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC.; Forman, Fl. Males. I 10! (1984) 231; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 21; — Limacia kunstleri Kinc; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 42; — C. ovalifolius (VAHL ex PERS.) DC.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 110; — C. elegans Rwwe.; Riw_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 111; —C. sarmentosus (Lour.) DiELS; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 417. Coscinium fenestratum (GAERTN.) COLEBR.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 42; Forman, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 215; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 21; — C. wallichianum Muirrs; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 106; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 669; —C. blumeanum sensu Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 106, pp. Cyclea laxiflora Miers; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 114; BurkmLL, Dict. (1935) 722; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 415; ForMAN, FI. Males. I 10! (1984) 241; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 21; — C. peltata [non (LAMK.) Hook. f. & Tuoms.] Becc.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 43 (“var. arnotti MIers’’). | 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.; ForMAN, Fl. Males. I 10! (1984) 207; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 21; — F. chloroleuca Miers; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 42; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 105; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1000. Hypserpa nitida Miers; Forman, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 219; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 21; — H. triflora [non (DC.) Miers] Miers; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 42; — Limacia triandra Miers; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 84; —H. cuspidata (Hook. f. & THoms.) Miers; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 111; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1219. Limacia oblonga Hook. f. & THoms.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 109; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1343; Forman, Fl. Males. I 10! (1984) 223; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 21. Limacia scandens Lovur.; FoRMAN, FI. Males. I 10! (1984) 223; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 21; —L. velutina Hook.f. & THoms.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 42; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 109; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 378. Stephania capitata (BL.) SPRENG.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 113; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 197; Forman, Fl. Males. I 10' (1984) 252; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 21. Tinomiscium petiolare Miers ex Hook. f. & THoms.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 42; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 105; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 2163; Forman, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 205; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 21; — T. phytocrenoides Kurz ex T. & B.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 2136;—T. philippinense Dies; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 2163. Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & THomMs.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 103; ForMAN, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 194; Kenc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 21; — T. tuberculata (LAMK.) BEUMEE ex HEYNE; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 2164. Tinospora macrocarpa DIELs; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 103; Forman, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 198. MONIMIACEAE Kibara coriacea (BL.) TULASNE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 75; Puitirson, FI. Males. I 10? (1986) 298; Nea, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 261; — K. chartacea BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 74; — K. serrulata PERKINS; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 75. Matthaea sancta BL.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 73; PHitipson, Fl. Males. I 10° (1986) 323; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 263; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 17. MORACEAE Antiaris toxicaria Lescu.; RipLtey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 351; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 120; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 510; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 68. 139 140 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 S27 1528 Artocarpus anisophyllus Mig.; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 652; Sinciair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 38; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 30; JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 138; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 123; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 515; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 68; — A. superba Becc.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 356; —A. sp. “large tree with pinnate leaves”; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 148. Artocarpus dadah Miq.; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 653; JarreETT, J. Arn. Arb. 41 (1960) 91; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 124; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 516; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69; —A. lakoocha (non Roxs.) RIDL.; RpD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 355. Artocarpus elasticus REINW. ex BL.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 251; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 653; JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 346; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 124; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 516; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69; —A. kunstleri KiNG; Rww_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 353. Artocarpus fulvicortex Jarrett, J. Arn. Arb. 41 (1960) 116; KocHUMMEn, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 126; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 517; — A. sp.; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 658. Artocarpus gomezianus WALL. ex TREC.; JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 41 (1960) 88; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 126; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 517; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69. Artocarpus hispidus Jarrett, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 149; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 126. Artocarpus kemando Mig.; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 256; CorRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 656; JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 352; KocHummen, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 129; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 519. Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 354; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 656; Jarrett, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 140; KocHumMMEnN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 129; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 519; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69. Artocarpus lowii KinG; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 353; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 257; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 656; JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 339; KocHummMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 131; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 519; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 69. Artocarpus maingayi Kinc; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 354; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 657; Jarrett, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 357; KoCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 131; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 520; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69. 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 Artocarpus nitidus TreEc. ssp. griffithii (KING) JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 41 (1960) 128; —A. gomezianus auct. non TREC.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147: Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 355. Artocarpus rigidus BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; RipDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 352; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 657; JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 150; KocHumMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 131; CorNgrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 521; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69. Artocarpus scortechinii Kinc; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 355; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 657; JarrETT, J. Arn. Arb. 40 (1959) 344; KocHumMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 134; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 521; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69. Ficus albipila (Mig.) KING; KocHUMMeN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 139; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69. Ficus annulata BL.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 333; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 140; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 538; Keno, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 69. Ficus apiocarpa Mig.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 338; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 140; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69. Ficus aurantiacea Grirr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 338; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 140; Kene, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 69; — F. callicarpa Mia.:; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 338. Ficus aurata Mig.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 140; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 546; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 70; — F. chrysocarpa REINW. ex BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 348. Ficus benjamina L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; RibLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 336; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 141; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 539; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 70. 1538a Ficus binnendykii Mig. var. binnendykii; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 336; KocHumMrn, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 141; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70. 1538b Ficus binnendykii var. coriacea CoRNER; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 141. 1539 Ficus botryocarpa Mig.; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70; — F. miquelii Hook. f.; Rwwey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 341; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 685; — F. schwarzii Koorp.; KoCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 155; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 552. 1540 Ficus bracteata WALL. ex Mia.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 331; KocHumMMeN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 142; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70. 141 142 1541] 1542 1543 1544 1545 ~ 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 Ficus caulocarpa MiQ.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 142; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 539; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70. Ficus chartacea WALL. ex KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 350; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 142; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 547; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70. Ficus consociata BL. var. murtoni KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 144; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70; — F. consociata; RI.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 331; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 540. Ficus crassiramea MiQ.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 144; Cornrr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 540; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70; —F. procera BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 332; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 678. Ficus delosyce CoRNER; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fi. Malaya 3 (1978) 144. Ficus deltoidea Jack; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 145; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 554; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70; — F. diversifolia BL.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 346; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 687. Ficus dubia WALL. ex KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 333; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 146; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 541; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70. Ficus excavata KING; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 146; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70. Ficus fistulosa REINW. ex BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 343; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 146; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 550; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70. Ficus glandulifera (WALL. ex Mig.) Kinc; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 347; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 147; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 547; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 70. Ficus globosa BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 333; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 147; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 70. Ficus grossularioides Burm. f.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 148; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 547; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71; — F. alba REINw. ex BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 147; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 347; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 681. Ficus heteropleura BL.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 148; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71; — F. urophylla WALL.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 144; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 330. 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 Ficus kerkhovenii V AL.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 149; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 541; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71. Ficus laevis BL.; RIipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 344; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 149; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 71. Ficus lamponga Miq.; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 150; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71; —F. lepidosa WALL. ex Kurz; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 350. Ficus microcarpa L. f.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 151; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 542; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71; — F. retusa auct. non L.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145 (var. nitida); RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 335; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 679. Ficus microsyce RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 335; KocHuMMEn, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 151; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 70. Ficus obscura BL. var. borneensis (MigQ.) CORNER; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 152; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71; — F. pisifera WALL. ex Miag.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 144; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 329; —F. obscura; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 339. Ficus pellucido-punctata GrirF.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 153; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71; —F. indica L. var. gelderi (MiqQ.) KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 334. Ficus pisocarpa BL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900); Rmpiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 336; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 153; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 71; — F. microstoma WALL. ex KiNG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; Rm.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 334. Ficus pumila L.; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71. Ficus recurva BL. var. ribesoides KING; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; KocHuMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 154; — F. recurva; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 345; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71. Ficus religiosa L.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 337; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 548; Cor.etT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) Th Ficus retusa L.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 154; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 71; — F. truncata Mig.; Rww_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 335. Ficus ruginervia L.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 71. Ficus sagittata VAHL; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 155; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; — F. ramentacea Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 345. 143 144 1568 1569 Ficus scortechinii KiNG; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 343; KocHummMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 156; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; — F. fasciculata Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 343. Ficus sinuata THUNB.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 156; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 554; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; —F. rostrata LaMK.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 340. 1570a Ficus subgelderi Corner var. subgelderi; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 157; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72. 1570b Ficus subgelderi var. rigida CoRNER; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 1571 L572 sf 1574 1573 1576 S77 1578 1579 157; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; — F. rigida Miq.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 332. Ficus sundaica BL.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 158; CorNgEr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 543; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 72; — F. indica (non L.) KinG; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 334 (excl. var. gelderi); CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 678. Ficus superba Miq.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 159; CorNgR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 544; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72. Ficus variegata BL.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 160; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 553; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; — F. polysyce RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 342. Ficus vasculosa WALL. ex Miq.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 337; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 160; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 549; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 72. Ficus villosa BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 146; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 345; KocHUMMgEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 161; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 72. Ficus virens Air. var. glabella (BL.) CoRNER; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 161; CorNeR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 544; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; — F. glabella Bu.; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 336; EHC1 677. Ficus xylophylla WALL. ex Miq.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 145; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 332; KocHuMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 162; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 545; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72. Parartocarpus bracteatus (KiNG) Becc.; JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 41 (1960) 324; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 164; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; — Artocarpus bracteatus KiNG; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 352. Parartocarpus venenosus (ZoLL. & Mor.) Becc. ssp. forbesii (KING) JARRETT, J. Arn. Arb. 41 (1960) 137; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 165; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; — Artocarpus forbesii Kinc; RiD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 352. 1580 1581 1582 1583 Streblus elongatus (Miq.) Corner, Gard. Bull. Sing. 19 (1962) 227; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 168; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 556; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 72; — Sloetia sideroxylonT. & B. ex Kurz; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 324; — Sloetia elongata (MiQ.) KoorD.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 690. MYRICACEAE Myrica esculenta Bucu.-Ham.; BACKER, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 278; WHiTMoreE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 295; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 559; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 65; — M. nagi (non THunB.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 149; — M. farquhariana WALL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 370; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1521; CorNErR, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 471. MYRISTICACEAE Endocomia canarioides (KING) DE WILDE, Blumea 30 (1984) 190; — Embelia ridleyi K. & G.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 234; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 139; — Horsfieldia canarioides (KING) WaARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 55; — Horsfieldia racemosa (KING) WarB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 60, — Horsfieldia macrocoma (MigQ.) WarB. var. canarioides (KING) SINCLAIR; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 389; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 327; KEeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16. Gymnacranthera bancana (Mig.) SiNcLair; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 436; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 319; ScHouTEN, Blumea 31 (1986) 463; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 15; — G. murtonii Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 61; — Myristica ferruginea WALL. ex KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129. 1584a Gymnacranthera farquhariana (Hook.f. & THoms.) Wars. var. farquhariana; SCHOUTEN, Blumea 31 (1986) 477; — Myristica farquhariana WALL. ex Hook. f. & Tuoms.; RD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; — G. farquhariana var. griffithii (Hook. f.) WarB.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 62; — G. farquhariana var. major (KiNG); Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 62; — G. eugeniifolia (A. DC.) SINCLAIR var. griffithii (Hook. f.) SINCLAIR; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 447; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 320. 1584b Gymnacranthera farquhariana var. eugeniifolia (A. DC.) SCHOUTEN; SCHOUTEN, Blumea 31 (1986) 480; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 15; —— Myristica farquhariana auct. non Hook. f. & THoms.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; — G. farquhariana auct. non (Hook. f. & THOMS.) WARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 62; —G. eugeniifolia (A. DC.) SINcLaR var. eugeniifolia; Sincuair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 444; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 320. 1584c Gymnacranthera farquhariana var. zippeliana (MiQ.) SCHOUTEN; SCHOUTEN, Blumea 31 (1986) 482; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 15. 145 146 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 Gymnacranthera forbesii (KING) WarRB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 61; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 441; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 320; SCHOUTEN, Blumea 31 (1986) 472; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 15; — Myristica forbesii Kinc; Rwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129. Horsfieldia crassifolia (Hook. f. & THoms.) Wars. RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 59; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 386; Wuitmorg, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 324; pe Witpe, Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 219; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 15; — Myristica crassifolia Hook. f. & THoMs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129. Horsfieldia grandis (Hook. f.) Wars.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 56; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 400; Wuirmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 323; DE WILDE, Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 203. Horsfieldia irya (GAERTN.) WARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 58; Corngr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 476; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 382; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 326; bE WiLbg, Gard. Bull. Sing. 37 (1985) 55; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 564; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 15; — Myristica irya GAERTN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129. Horsfieldia parviflora (Roxs.) SINCLAIR; DE WILDE, Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 69; — Myristica bivalvis Hook. f.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; — H. bivalvis (Hook. f.) MeERR.; SINcLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 379; — H. globularia (B1.) Warb.; Rww.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 54. Introduced species established in the Botanic Gardens’ Jungle. 1590a Horsfieldia polyspherula (Hook. f. emend. KinG) J. SINCLAR var. polyspherula; DE WILDg, Gard. Bull. Sing. 39 (1986) 19; KeNnc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica polyspherula Hook. f.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; — H. polyspherula; S1ncvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 422, Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 325; — H. lemmaniana auct. non (A. DC.) WARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 59. 1590b Horsfieldia polyspherula (Hook. f. emend. KiNG) J. SINCLAIR var. sumatrana 159] 1592 (MiQ.) DE WILDE; DE WILDE, Gard. Bull. Sing. 39 (1986) 20; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — H. subglobosa auct. non (MigQ.) WARB. RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 60; — H. subglobosa var. subglobosa auct.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 425; — H. brachiata (KiNG) Mia. var. sumatrana (Mig.) SINCLAIR ex WHITMORE nom. inval.; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 325; — Myristica majuscula KiNG; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; — H. majuscula (KING) Wars.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 57. Horsfieldia punctatifolia J. SINcLAir, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16(1958) 413; WHiTMorE, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 327; pe Witbg, Gard. Bull. Sing. 39 (1986) 54. Horsfieldia sparsa DE WILDE Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 194; —H. sucosa auct. non (KING) WaRB.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 416. 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 Horsfieldia sucosa (KING) WarB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 58; SINCLAR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 416; WuitMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 328; DE Wiipe, Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 188; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica sucosa KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; — H. amygdalina (WALL.) WARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 57; —H. bracteosa HENDERSON; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 419, Wuitmorg, Tree FI. Malaya 1| (1972) 326. Horsfieldia superba (Hook. f. & THoms.) WaArB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 55; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 476, EJHC2 476; Sinciar, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 393; WuiTmMorgE, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 328; bE WILDE, Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 200; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 564; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica superba Hook. f. & THOMS.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129. Horsfieldia tomentosa Wars.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 56; SINcLaiR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 403; Wurrmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 324; DE Wipe, Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 210; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16. Horsfieldia wallichii (Hook. f. & THomMs.) WarB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 57; SIncLaiR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 405; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 330; bE WiLpbe, Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 204; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica wallichii Hook. f. & THoms.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129. Knema communis SINcLar, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 297; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 334; bE WiLpe, Gard. Bull. Sing. 38 (1985) 461. Knema conferta (KING) Wars.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70, SincLar, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 286; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 335; DE Wiipg, Blumea 25 (1979) 472; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica conferta KiNG; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130. Knema curtisii (KING) Wars. var. paludosa J. SINCLAIR; DE WILDE, Blumea 25 (1979) 420; — Knema curtisii (KING) WARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69, SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 281; Wuirmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 334; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16. Knema furfuracea (Hook. f. & THoms.) WARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70, CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 476; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 275; WuiTmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 335; DE WiLpE, Blumea 25 (1979) 387; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 564; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica longifolia (non Bu.) Hook. f. & THoms.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130. Knema glaucescens Jack; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 302 p.p.; DE WiLpe, Blumea 25 (1979) 411; KEN, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica glauca BL.; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) — Myristica wrayi KiNG; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; — K. wrayi (KING) WarB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70; — K. cinerea (Poir.) WARB. var. sumatrana (Mia.) J. SINCLAIR; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 334 147 148 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 Knema globularia (LAMK.) WarB.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 325; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 336; pe WiLpe, Blumea 25 (1979) 411; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 564; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — K. missionis WALL. ex KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 71, Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 477. Knema hookeriana (WALL. ex Hook. f. & THoms.) WARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 67, Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 476; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 272; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 336; DE WiLbg, Blumea 25 (1979) 387; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 565; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica hookeriana B.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130. Knema intermedia (BL.) WarsB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 68, Corngr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 477; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 315; WuitTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 334; bE Wi_pe, Blumea 25 (1979) 427; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 565; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica intermedia BL.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130. Knema latericia ELM. ssp. ridleyi (GANDOGER) DE WILDE; DE WILDE, Blumea 25 (1979) 396; — Knema latericia ELM.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 278; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 16. Knema laurina (BL.) WARB.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 72, SIncLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 379; WuitmorgE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 338; DE WILDE, Blumea 25 (1979) 379; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — Myristica laurina BL.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; — Myristica cantleyi Hook. f.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 130; — K. cantleyi (HooK. f.) WARB. p.p.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 68. Knema malayana Wars.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69, SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 293; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 338; DE WILDE, Blumea 25 (1979) 456; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 16; —Myristica glaucescens Hook. f. & THoms.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129. Knema rubens (SINCLAIR) DE WILDE; DE WILDE, Blumea 25 (1979) 379; — K. glaucescens Jack var. glaucescens forma rubens J. StNcLAIR; Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 307; — K. glaucescens Jack var. rubens (J. SINCLAIR) J. SINCLAIR; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 334. Myristica cinnamomea Kina; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 128; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 63; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 477; Corner, Ways. Trees, 2nd ed. (1952) 477; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 358; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 23 (1968) 210; WuiTMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 342; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 565; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16. Myristica crassa KinG; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 128; Riptey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 66; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 366; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 23 (1968) 435; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 341; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16. 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 Mpyristica elliptica WALL. ex Hook. f. & THoms.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 128; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 65; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 477; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 353; SincLarr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 23 (1968) 188; WuiTMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 342; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 565; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 16. Mpyristica iners BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 129; RwDtey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 64; Sinciarr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 363; SincLarr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 23 (1968) 177; WuitmMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 343. Myristica lowiana KiNG; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 128; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 66; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 345; SINncLaR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 23 (1968) 164; Wurrmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 344. Myristica maingayi Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 64; SincLar, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 348; Sincrar, Gard. Bull. Sing. 23 (1968) 166; WHiTMoreE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 344; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 566; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16. Mpyristica maxima Wars.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 63; SincLar, Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 339; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 23 (1968) 131; WHiTMorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 345; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 16; — M. bracteata Kinc; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 128. MYRSINACEAE Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) BLANCO; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 479; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 273; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 567; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 26; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 138; — A. majus GAERTN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 238; Watson, Malay. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 87. Ardisia colorata Roxs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; Ripley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 246; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 568; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 276; KENca, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 138. Ardisia crassa CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 249; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 274; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 138. Ardisia crenata Sims; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 253; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 270; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 138. Ardisia elliptica THUNB.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 271; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 568; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 275; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 138; —A. littoralis ANDR.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 241. Ardisia lanceolata Roxs.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 249; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 568; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 276; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 138. 149 150 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 Ardisia miqueliana ScHEFF.; STONE, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 273. Ardisia ridleyi KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 253; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 271; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 138. Ardisia sessilis SCHEFF.; STONE, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 273. Ardisia singaporensis RIDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 251; Stones, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 270; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 138;—A. sp. near villosa; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105. Ardisia teysmanniana SCHEFF.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 240; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 272; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 138; — Pimelandra wallichii DC.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105. Ardisia tuberculata WALL. ex A. DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 245; Strong, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 273; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 138. Ardisia villosa Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 251; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 272; Stnciair, 15 (1956) 29; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 271; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 138. Embelia amentacea CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 234; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 278; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 138. Embelia canescens JACK; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 232; Stone, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 279; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139. Embelia coriacea WALL. ex A. DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 233; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 279; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139. Embelia dasythyrsa Mig.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 232; Stone, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 279. Embelia lampani Scuerr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 234; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 279; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139. Embelia ribes Burm.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 269; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 279; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139; — E. garciniaefolia WALL. ex Miq.; RIDcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 232. Labisia pumila (BL.) F.-ViLL.; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 281; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139; —L. pothoina Linbt.; Rwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 104; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 237; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 270. Present as var. lanceolata (ScHEFF.) MiQ. as well as var. pumila. 1636 Maesa ramentacea WALL. ex Roxs.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103; R.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 227; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 481; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 569; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 283; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139. 1637 Rapanea porteriana WALL. ex A. DC.; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 284; — Myrsine avenis (BL.) DC.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 230; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139; — Myrsine porteriana WALL. ex A. DC.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 230; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 570; — Myrsine umbellulata (WALL.) DC.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 231; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 570; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139. MYRTACEAE 1638 Aphanomyrtus rostrata Mig.; MERRILL, Blumea Suppl. 1 (1937) 109; — Pseudo-eugenia singaporensis KiNG; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 755; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 250. 1639 Decaspermum fruticosum J.R. & G. Forst.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 484; KocHuUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 171; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 573; Kenc, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 76; — D. paniculatum Kurz; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 81; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 717. 1640 Eugenia attenuata Koorp. & VALET.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 238; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 183; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 582; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77; — E. penangiana DuTHiE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 740; p.p.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 501. 1641 Eugenia avenis (Miq.) HENDERS.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 171; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 184; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77; — E. scoparia Dutuik; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 748. 1642 Eugenia caudata KING; KocHuMMeEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 185. One specimen (M.R. Henderson SFN 35931, Bukit Timah) possibly this species. 1643a Eugenia cerina HENperRS. var. cerina; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 168; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 185; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 583; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77; — E. punctulata (non F.M. BAILEY) KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 747; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 502. 1643b Eugenia cerina var. turbinata HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 170; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 186. 1644 Eugenia chlorantha Dutuie; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 734; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 494; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 107; KocHuUMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 186; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 583; — E. hullettiana KiNG; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 735. 151 152 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 Eugenia claviflora Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 742; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 495; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 252; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 186; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 584; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77. Eugenia conglomerata Dutuie; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 742; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 198; KOcHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 188; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77. Eugenia cumingiana VIDAL; Corner, Ways. Trees I sted. (1940) 496; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 260; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 188; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 585; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77; — E. acuminatissima Kurz; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 747. Eugenia densiflora (BL.) Mig.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 81; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 728; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 497; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 78; KocHumMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 189; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 585; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77. Eugenia duthieana KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 731; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 118; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 190; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77. 1650a Eugenia filiformis DuTHIE var. filiformis; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 81; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 740; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 497; HeNperSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 145; KocHumMen, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 191; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 586; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 77. 1650b Eugenis filiformis var. clavimyrtus (Koorb. & VALET.) HENDERSON; HENDERSON, 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 147; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 191. Eugenia flosculifera HENDERSON; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 237; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 191. Eugenia glauca KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 737; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 112; KocHuMmen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 193; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77. Eugenia grandis WiGuHT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 81; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 729; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 498; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 87; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 195; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 586; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77. Eugenia griffithii DuTHIE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 731; HeNpeRson, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 120; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 195; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 77; — E.. subrufa Kinc; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 733, incl. var. robusta KING. Eugenia inophylla (DC.) Roxs.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 750; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 141; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 197. 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 Eugenia kunstleri KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 746; HENDERson, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 209; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 199. Eugenia leptostemon (Kortu.) Mig.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 201; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 199; — E. urceolata [non (KortTH.) CorDEM.] KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 742. Eugenia leucoxylon (Kortu.) Miq.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 235; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 199; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 588; — E. verecunda DuTHIE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 748 (incl. var. major RIDL.); CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 504. Eugenia linocieroidea Kinc; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 749; HENDERson, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 163; KocHuMmen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 201; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia longiflora (PREsL) F.-VILL.; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 499; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 159; KocHuMMgEn, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 201; CorNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 588; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 77; — E. lineata (non LaMK.) DutTuiE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 738. 1661a Eugenia microcalyx DuTHIE var. microcalyx; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 745 (incl. var. obovata KiNG, p.p.); HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 205; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 202; KeNnG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 78. 1661b Eugenia microcalyx var. irregularis (CRAB) HENDERSON; HENDERSON, Gard. 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 207; KocHuMMeEn, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 202; — E. microcalyx; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 500; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 588. Eugenia muelleri Mig.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 186; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 202; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 589; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78; — E. venulosa Dutuig; RwD_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 746; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 504. Eugenia nemestrina HENDERSON; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 192; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 203. Eugenia ngadimaniana HENpers.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 108; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 203; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia nigricans KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 751; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 194; KocHuMMen, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 203; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia oblata Roxs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922)749; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 136; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 204. 153 154 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 Eugenia oblongifolia Dutuie; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 744; HENperson, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 184; KOocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 204; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia oleina WIGHT; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 150; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 205; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78; — E. myrtifolia Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 750. Eugenia pachyphylla Kurz; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 733; Corner, Ways. Trees I sted. (1940) 500; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 90; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 206; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 589; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia palembanica (Miq.) MErR.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 500; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 85; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 206; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 589; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 78; — E. lepidocarpa Kurz; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 81; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 730; — E. selangorensis RDi.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 730; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 84. Eugenia papillosa Dutuie; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 730; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 501; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 77; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 207; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 589; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia pauper RIDL.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 745; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 178; KocHuMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 207. Eugenia pendens Dutuig; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 81; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 726; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 71; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 209. Eugenia polyantha WiGuT; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 742; Corner, Ways. Trees I sted. (1940) 501; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 211; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 210; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 590; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 78; — E. nitida Dutuie; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 83; —E. balsamea (non WiGHT) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 754. Eugenia pseudocrenulata HENpers.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 216; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 211; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78; — E. crenulata (non WILLD.) DuTHIE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 751. Eugenia pseudoformosa KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 725; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 69; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 211; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia pseudosubtilis Kinc; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 746; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 502; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 202; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 212; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 590; Kena, Conc. Fh. Sing. (1990) 78; — E. cinerea (non KurZ) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 744. Eugenia pustulata Durtuie; Rip_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 736; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 188; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 212; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 78. 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 Eugenia ridleyi KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 735; CorNgrR, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 503; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 125; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 214; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 591; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia rugosa (Kortu.) Merr.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 244 (incl. var. saxitana (RIDL.) HEND.); KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 215; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78; — E. goodenovii KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 731, p.p.; — E. johorensis (non Riwi.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 308. Eugenia scortechinii Kinc; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 66; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 216. One doubtful specimen from Singapore. Eugenia spicata LAMK.; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 503; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 231; KocHumMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 217; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 591; KenG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 78; E. zeylanica (non WILLD.) WIGHT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 738; — E. grata WicutT; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 739; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 498; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 233; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 587. Eugenia sp. 8; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 225. Eugenia sp. 39; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 237. Eugenia subdecussata Dutuie; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 752; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 503; HeENpDerSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 95; KocHumMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 218; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 591; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 78. Eugenia syzygioides HENpeERS.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 154; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 219; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 592; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78; — E. cymosa Wicut; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 81; RmD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 737, p.p.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 496; — E. pseudosyzygioides HEND.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 157. Eugenia tumida DuTuie; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 504; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 161; KocHumMEn, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 221; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 592; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78; E. pyrifolia {non Desv.] (BL.) DuTHIE; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 82; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 738. Eugenia virens (BL.) Koorp. & VALET.; HENDERSON, Gard. Bull. Sing. 12 (1949) 249; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 222; — E. fusiformis DurTuie; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 727. 155 156 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 Melaleuca cajuputi PowELL; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 248; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 78; — M. leucadendron L. s.l.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 80; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 713; BurkmLL, Dict. (1935) 1431; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 506; CorNngr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 594. Rhodamnia cinerea Jack; Rey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 716; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 250; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 596; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 79; — R. trinervia BL.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 80; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1902; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 507. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (AiT.) Hassk.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 80; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 717; Burkit, Dict. (1935) 1903; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 508; KocHummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 251; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 597; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 79. Tristaniopsis merguensis (GriFr.) WILSON & WATERHOUSE, Aust. J. Bot. 30 (1982) 439; — Tristania merguensis GrirF.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 80; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 715; CorNgEr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 509; KocHumMENn, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 252; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 598; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 79; Tristania maingayi Durtutg; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 715; — Tristania subauriculata KinG; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 714. Tristaniopsis obovata (R. Br.) WILSON & WATERHOUSE, Aust. J. Bot. 30 (1982) 439; — Tristania obovata R. Br.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 509; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 253; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 598; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 79; — Tristania spathulata Rwe.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 715. Tristaniopsis whiteana (Grirr.) WILSON & WATERHOUSE, Aust. J. Bot. 30 (1982) 440; — Tristania whiteana GrirF.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 80; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 253; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 79; — Tristania sumatrana MiQ.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 509; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 598. NAJADACEAE Najas indica (WILLD.) CHAM.; DE WILDE, Fl. Males. I 6” (1962) 166; —N. minor (non ALL.) Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 366 — N. kingii RENDLE; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 129; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 366; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 205; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 115. Najas malesiana DELILE; DE WILDE, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 169; —N. minor (non ALL.) Ripi.; Rm.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 180; — N. graminea var. angustifolia RENDLE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 90; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907)28; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 366; — N. graminea (non DBL.) RIDL.; Ripcey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 128; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 365; HeNperson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 205; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 115. 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 NEPENTHACEAE Nepenthes ampullaria Jack; Rwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 126; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 21; HENDERSoN, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 428; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 55. Nepenthes gracilis KorTu.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 126; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 24; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 430; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 55. Nepenthes hookeriana LINDL.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 56. Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 126; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 24; HENDErRson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 432; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 55. Nepenthes trichocarpa Mig.; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 56; — N. phyllamphora WiLp.; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 126; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 25. NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia diffusa L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 1; HENDERSoN, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 406; STEMMERIK, Fl. Males. I 6° (1964) 454; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 59; — B. repens L.; Rwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125. NYMPHAEACEAE Hydrostemma motleyi (Hook. f.) MABBERL.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 22; — Barclaya motleyi Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 43; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 116. OCHNACEAE Brackenridgea hookeri (PLANcH.) A. Gray; Kanis, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 102; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 256; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 53; — Gomphia hookeri PLANCH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 366; — Ouratea hookeri (PLANCH.) BurK.; Burkill, Dict. (1935) 1615. Brackenridgea palustris BARTELL.; KAnis, Fl. Males. 17! (1971) 102; Noa, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 256; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 53; — Gomphia hookeri var. corymbosa KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 84; — Gomphia corymbosa (KING) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 367. Euthemis leucocarpa JAck; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 368; Kanis, Fl. Males. 17! (1971) 108; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 257; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 53. Euthemis minor JAck; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 58, RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 368; Kanis, Fl. Males. I 7! (1971) 108; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 257; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 54. 157 158 1708 1709 1710 1711 bid? eg i 1714 i Al ee 1716 1717 Gomphia serrata (GAERTN.) KANis; KAnis, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 105; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 258; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 54; —G. sumatrana Jack; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 365; —G. oblongifolia Rw .; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 296; — Ouratea crocea (GriFF.) BuRK. p. p. excl. type; Burkill, Dict. 1614 OLACACEAE Anacalosa frutescens (BL.) BL.; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. I 10! (1984) 25; — A. heptandra Maina. ex Mast.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 425; Wuirmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 299. Erythropalum scandens BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 436; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 949; WuirmoreE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 299; SLEuMER, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 17; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 127. Ochanostachys amentacea Mast.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 422; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 302; SLEUMER, FI. Males. I 10! (1984) 14; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 127. Olax imbricata Roxs.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 421; WuitmoreE, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 300; SLEUMeER, Fl. Males. I 10' (1984) 8. Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 424; Wuitmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 303; SLEUMER, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 15; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 127. Strombosia ceylanica GARDN.; SLEUMER, FI. Males. I 10! (1984) 22; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 127; —S. rotundifolia Kinc; RID_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 425; — S. multiflora Kinc; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 425; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 306; — S. maingayi (MaAstT.) WHITMORE; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 306. Strombosia javanica BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 425; WuiTmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 306; SLEUMeER, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 21; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 127. Ximenia americana L.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 61; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 424; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 728; WuiTMoRE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 300; SLeuMer, Fl. Males. I 10' (1984) 11; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 600; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 127. OLEACEAE Chionanthus macrocarpus BL.; Kiew, Mal. Forest. 42 (1979) 271; Kiew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 37 (1984) 209; Kiew, Tree Fl. Malaya4 (1989) 288; —C. elaeocarpus (STAPF) Kiew; Kiew, Mal. Forest. 42 (1979) 267. 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxs.; CorNErR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 601; Krew, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 289; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 150; Linociera pauciflora (WALL.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 317. Jasminum bifarium WALL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 313; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 276; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 150. Jasminum griffithii CLARKE; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 311; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 150. Jasminum longipetalum KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 314; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 150. Olea brachiata (Lour.) MerR.; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 603; Krew, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 291; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 150; — O. maritima WALL. ex Don; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 318; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 277. ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara; RAvEN, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 104; KENa, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 84; — Jussiaea repens L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 827; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 148. Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) EXELL; RAvEN, Fl. Males. I 8* (1977) 104; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 84; —Jussiaea suffruticosa (non L.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 827; Jussiaea linifolia V AHL; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 148. Ludwigia octovalvis (JAcQ.) RAVEN; RAVEN, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 101; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 85; — Jussiaea angustifolia LAMK.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; — Jussiaea erecta (non L.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 827; — Jussiaea villosa LAMK.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 828; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 149. Ludwigia peruviana (L.) Hara; RAVEN, Fl. Males. 18? (1977) 100; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 85; — Jussiaea speciosa RIDL.; RILEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 828. Ludwigia prostrata Roxs.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 829; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 150; RAveEn, Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 103; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 85. I can find no evidence of Ludwigia erecta (L.) HARA (KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 84) ever having occurred in Singapore. OPILIACEAE Cansjera rheedii J.F. Gmein; Hiepko, Fl. Males. I 10' (1984) 50; No, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 294; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 128; — C. zizyphifolia GriFF.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 172; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 50. 159 160 LFZ9 1730 1731 $7352 Lis 1734 1735 1736 1737 Champereia manillana (BL.) MERR.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 514; Hiepko, Fl. Males. I 10' (1984) 35; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 604; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 294; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 128; — C. griffithiana PLANCH. ex Kurz; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 133; — C. griffithii PLANCH. ex Kurz (nom. illeg.); RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 172; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 520. Lepionurus sylvestris BL.; RIbLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 60; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 172; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1353; CorNgr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 515; Hiepko, Fl. Males. I 10' (1984) 43; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 605; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 295; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 128; — L. oblongifolius (Grirr.) MAST.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 173. ORCHIDACEAE Acriopsis javanica REINW. ex BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 187; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 190; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 555; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 563. Acriopsis ridleyi Hook. f.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; RDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 188; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 190; Ho.ttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 556; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 563. Adenoncos sumatrana J.J. SmirH; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 596; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 583; — A. virens (non BL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161, RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 149; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 154. Agrostophyllyum bicuspidatum J.J.S.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 108; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 487; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 319; — Appendicula callosa BL.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; — Podochilus callosa SCHLECHT.; RIDLEY, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 197. Agrostophyllyum majus Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 107; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 108; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 489; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 321. Anoectochilus geniculatus RIDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 213; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 213; Hoitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 127; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 73. Aphyllorchis pallida BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 205; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 205; Ho.truM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 102; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & aang. (1992) 44. 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 Apostasia nuda R. Br.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 233; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 297; Ho.ttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 66; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 37. Appendicula anceps BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 195; Ho_trum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 505; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 329; — A. lewisii Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163;— Podochilus anceps (BL.) SCHLECHT.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 193. Appendicula cornuta BL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 196; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 509; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 332; —A. bifaria LINDL.; RiDcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; — Podochilus cornutus (BL.) SCHLECHT.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 194. Appendicula lucida RIDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 196; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 509; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 330; — Podochilus lucidus (RIDL.) SCHLECT.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 195. Appendicula uncata RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 196; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 508; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 330; — Podochilus uncatus (RIDL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 194. Arachnis hookeriana (Hook. f.) SCHLTR.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 614; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 633; — Renanthera alba (Rw .) RIDL.; Rm ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 155; —A. alba (RiDL.) SCHLTR.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 159. Arachnis maingayi (Hook. f) Rcus. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 159; Ho.ttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 618; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 633; — Renanthera maingayi Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 135: Arundina graminifolia (Don) Hocur.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 188; SEIDENFADEN & Woon, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 146; — A. bambusifolia LinDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 125; —A. speciosa BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 126; —A. revoluta Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 126. Biermannia laciniata (CARR) GARAY; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 685; — Chamaeanthus laciniatus CARR; HoLtrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 680. Bromheadia alticola Ript.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 144; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 151; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 543; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 525. 161 162 1748 Bromheadia aporoides Rcugp. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 145; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 151; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 545; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 529. 1749a Bromheadia finlaysoniana (LINDL.) Rcus. f. var. finlaysoniana; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 541; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 525; — B. palustris LinDL.; RIDvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 143; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 150. 1749b Bromheadia finlaysoniana var. sylvestris (RipL.) HoLtr.; HoLttrum, Rev. FI. 1750 | be 1752 L793 1754 1755 Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 541; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 525; —B. sylvestris Rwv.; RW ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 144; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 150. Bulbophyllum acuminatum (RIDL.) RIDL.; RIpDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 82; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 79; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 414; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 447; — Cirrhopetalum acuminatum RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; — Cirrhopetalum semibifidum Riv.; Rwwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; —B. semibifidum (RIDL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 82; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 79; — Cirrhopetalum linearifolium Rip_.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; — B. stenophyllum Rw_.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 83; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 80. Bulbophyllum apodum Hook. f.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 76; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 73; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 446; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 463. Bulbophyllum blumei (LINDL.) J.J.S.; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 74; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 406; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 517; — Cirrhopetalum blumei LInDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; — B. ephippium Rww .; RiD.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 78. Bulbophyllum botryophorum RuIbL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 71; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 69; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 457; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 494. Bulbophyllum cleistogamum RIDL.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 72; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 69; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 401; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 493. Bulbophyllum concinnum Hook. f.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 74; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 70; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 454; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 471. 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 Bulbophyllum flavescens (BL.) LINDL.; VERMEULEN, Orchids of Borneo 2 (1991) 51; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 459; — B. adenopetalum LInDL.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 75; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 71; Ho.ttuM, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 449. Possibly only cultivated in Singapore. Bulbophyllum limbatum LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 69; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 65; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 460; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 435. Bulbophyllum macranthum LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RwwLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 63; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 57; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 417; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 477. Bulbophyllum macrochilum RoLFE; VERMEULEN, Orchids of Borneo 2 (1991) 153; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 493; —B. stella RIp..; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 72; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 69; Hottrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 401. Bulbophyllum makoyanum (Rcup. f.) RiDL.; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 81; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 79; Hottrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 412; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 443; — Cirrhopetalum makoyanum Rcup. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158. Bulbophyllum medusae (LINDL.) Rcus. f.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 79; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 75; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 409; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 468; — Cirrhopetalum medusae LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158. Bulbophyllum membranaceum Tesm. & BINNEND.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 64; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 430; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 501; — B. avicella Rwe.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 67. Bulbophyllum nigropurpureum Carr; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 430; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 503. Bulbophyllum ovalifolium (BL.) LinpL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 436; SEIDENFADEN & Woon, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 513; — B. catenarium RIpu.; RI.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 67; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 61. Bulbophyllum patens Kinc ex Hook. f.; Rip-ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 62; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 57; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 417; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 481. 163 164 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 L771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 Bulbophyllum pileatum LINDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; Ripcey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 63; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 57; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 422; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 479. Bulbophyllum pulchellum Riwbv.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 83; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 80; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 415; W*S 449; — Cirrhopetalum concinnum Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158. Bulbophyllum purpurascens Telsm. & BINNEND.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 78; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 410; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 449; — Cirrhopetalum citrinum Riw_.; RD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; —B. citrinum (RIDL.) RIDL.; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 75. Bulbophyllum restrepia RipDL.; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 78; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 75; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 406; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 517. Bulbophyllum ruficaudatum RIDL.; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 445; — Cirrhopetalum microbulbon Rw .; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; — B. microbulbon (RiDx.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 82; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 79; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 414. Bulbophyllum rugosum Ript.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 65; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 60; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 421; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 475. Bulbophyllum sessile (KoeEN.) J.J.Sm.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 451; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 503; — B. clandestinum LInDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RIDLeEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 72; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 69. Bulbophyllum singaporeanum Scuitr.; HoLtruMm, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 458; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 485; — B. densiflorum (non Ro Fe) RIDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 71; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 68. Bulbophyllum striatellum Ripv.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 67; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 62; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya |, 3rd ed. (1964) 437; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 519. Bulbophyllum tenuifolium (BL.) LinpL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 439; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 518. Bulbophyllum trifolium Ripv.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 71; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 68; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 457; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 495. 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 Bulbophyllum vaginatum (LINDL.) Rcus. /.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 80; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 76; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 409; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 439; — Cirrhopetalum vaginatum LINDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158. Bulbophyllum vermiculare Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 74; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 71; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 446; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 461. Bulbophyllum vesiculosum J.J.SM.; VERMEULEN, Orchids of Borneo 2 (1991) 133; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 507; — B. corneri CARR; Ho.Ltrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 428. Calanthe pulchra (BL.) LINDL.; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 157; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 173; — C. curculigoides LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163, RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 122, RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 121. Ceratostylis subulata BL.; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 109; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 493; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 310; — C. gracilis (non BL.) RipL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 109. Claderia viridiflora Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; Rp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 136; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 140; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 184; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 531. Cleisostoma halophilum (RipL.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 23 (1972) 171; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 623; — Saccolabium halophilum (RiDv.) Rwe.; Ri.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 162; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 168; — Ascochilus teres RIDL.; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 178; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 181; — Sarcanthus halophilus (Rw.) J.J. SMitH; Ri.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 653. Cleisostoma scortechinii (Hook. f.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 23 (1972) 174; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 625; — Saccolabium scortechinii (Hook. f.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 167; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 169; — Sarcanthus scortechinii Hook. f.; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 655. Coelogyne cumingii LinpL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RIpD.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 131; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 134; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 249; SEIDENFADEN & Woon, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 209. 165 166 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 Coelogyne foerstermannii Rcus. f.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 130; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 132; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 251; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 209. Coelogyne mayeriana Rcugp. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; Ripvey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 131; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 133; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 254; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 217. Coelogyne rochussenii DE Vr.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 128; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 131; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 257; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 213. Coelogyne testacea LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 127; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 129; HotttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 259; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 215. Cordiglottis filiformis (Hook. f.) GARAY; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 637; — Dendrocolla filiformis (Hook. f.) RIDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 184; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 187; — Cheirorchis filiformis (Hook. f.) Carr; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 679. Corymborkis veratrifolia (REINW.) BL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 144 (Corymborchis); SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 53; — Corymbis longiflora Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 208, RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 208. Cryptostylis arachnites (BL.) HaAssk.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 225; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 225; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 103; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 49. Cymbidium bicolor LInbL. ssp. pubescens (LiINnDL.) Du Pay & Crisps; The Genus Cymbidium (1988) 73; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 551;—C. aloifolium (non Sw.) RID. var. pubescens; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; —C. pubescens Lindl.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 140; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 145; HoL_trum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 522. Cymbidium finlaysonianum LInDL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 139; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 145; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 520; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 551; — C. aloifolium (non Sw.) Riwv.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160. 1795a Cystorchis variegata BL. var. variegata; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 212; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 211; Hoitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 139; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 68. 1795b Cystorchis variegata var. purpurea RIDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 (1900) 164; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 212; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 212; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 139; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 69. Dendrobium acerosum LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156: Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 43; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 38; Hoitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 338; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 423. Dendrobium aciculare LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 57; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 403. One collection of Loddiges dubiously from Singapore, though Seidenfaden (Nord. J. Bot. 1(1981) 193) does not entirely discount possibility of Singapore being the true locality. Dendrobium aloifolium (BL.) Rcxs. f; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 330; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 411; — D. serra (LINDL.) LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 38: RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 35. Dendrobium bifarium LInDL.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156: RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 45: Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 42; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 322; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 399. Dendrobium concinnum Miq.; SEIDENFADEN, Op. Bot. 83 (1985) 229: SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 419; — D. atropurpureum (non Mig.) RIDL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 40; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 37; — D. carnosum (BL.) Rcup. f.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 337. Dendrobium crocatum Hook. 7.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 52; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 47; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 320; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 378; — D. pyropum RIDL.; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157. Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.: RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156: Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 48; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 42; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 329; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 409. Dendrobium flexile Rip..; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156: RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 42; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 39; Ho.ttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 339; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 423. Dendrobium grande Hook. f.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 40; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 36; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 332; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 413. 167 168 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 Dendrobium hendersonii HAwkes & HELLER; HoLtruM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 328; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 407. Dendrobium indivisum (BL.) Mig.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 332; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 413; — D. eulophotum LINDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 39; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 35. Dendrobium lamellatum (BL.) LINDL.; RIDLEy, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 50; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 46; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 317; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 373. Dendrobium leonis (LINDL.) Rcus. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 37; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 334; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 417. Dendrobium lobatum (BL.) Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 36; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 332; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 413; —D. rhizophoreti Rwe.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 39. Dendrobium lobbii Tevsm. & BINNEND.; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 342; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 427; — D. conostalix Rcns. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 43; — D. calcaratum (non A. Ricu.) LINDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 39. Dendrobium microglaphys Rcup. f.; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 389; — D. callibotrys Rwv.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 49; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 44; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 287. Dendrobium pachyphyllum (Kze.) BAKH. f.; SEIDENFADEN, Op. Bot. 83 (1985) 10; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 363; — D. pumilum Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 34; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 275; — D. quadrangulare (non ParisH & Rcup. f.) RipL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 35. Dendrobium pandaneti RivL.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 47; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 44; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 324; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 395. Dendrobium pensile Rip_.; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; Riw.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 45; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 40; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 340; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Rat & Sing. (1992) 425. 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 Dendrobium planibulbe LInDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 41; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 328; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 407; — D. tuberiferum Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 48. Dendrobium prostratum RIDL.; RIDLEy, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 38; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 334; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 415. Dendrobium pulchellum Roxs. ex LINDL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 293; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 383; — D. dalhousieanum WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 157; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 57; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 52. Once recorded on a tree at Chan Chu Kang, otherwise only cultivated. Dendrobium revolutum LINDL.; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 46; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 43; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 323; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 399. Dendrobium salaccense (BL.) LINDL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 341; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 427; — D. gemellum (non LINDL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 44; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) AO. Dendrobium secundum (BL.) LINDL.; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 50; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 46; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 316; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 373. Dendrobium setifolium RipL.; Ho_ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 326; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 403; — D. gracile (non BL.) LINDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 47; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 41. Dendrobium singaporense Hawkes & HELLER; HoLttum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 337; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 420; — D. teres (non Roxs.) LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 42; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 38. Dendrobium sinuatum (LINDL.) LINDL. ex Rcup. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 40; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 37; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 335; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 419. Dendrobium spegidoglossum Rcup. f.; SEIDENFADEN, Op. Bot. 83 (1985) 93; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 393; — D. flavidulum Riv. ex Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 55; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 45; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 311. 169 170 1825 1826 1827 1828 ~ 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 Dendrobium spurium (BL.) J.J.Sm.; Hoitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 277; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 365; — D. euphlebium LInbL.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; RrpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 49; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 44. Dendrobium subulatum (BL.) LINDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 43; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 39; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 339; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 423. Dendrobium villosulum LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 156; RIpDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 44; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 40; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 429; — D. melanochlamys Hottt.; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 342. Dendrochilum ellipticum RIDL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 85; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 83; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 234; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 191. Dendrochilum longifolium Rcus. f.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 229; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 185; — Platyclinis longifolia (RcuB. f.) HEMSL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 26; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 25. Didymoplexis pallens Grirr.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 206; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 206; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 109; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 138. Dilochia wallichii LINDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 125; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 126; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 190; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 148. . Diplocaulobium longicolle (LINDL.) KRAENZL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 27; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 348; — Dendrobium longicolle LinpL.; R.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154; RIpDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 34; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 263. Dipodium scandens (BL.) J.J. Sm.; Comper, Orchids of Java (1990) 384; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 555; — D. pictum (LinDL.) Reus. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 141; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 147; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 513. Eria bractescens LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 101; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 91; Ho.truM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 388; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 295. 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 Eria floribunda LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 96; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 89; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 384; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 285. Eria hyacinthoides (BL.) LINDL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 390; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 298; — E. endymion RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 101; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 91. Eria javanica (Sw.) BL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 377; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 271; — E. stellata LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 98; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 96; — E. striolata Rcups. f.; Ruwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 99; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 96. Eria longe-repens RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 103; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 95; Ho.ttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 372; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 293. Eria neglecta RIDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 103; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 95; Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 368; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 293. Eria nutans LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 103; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 94; HotttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 368; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 291. Eria obliqua LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 158; RmpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 89; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 86; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 365; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 279. Eria pannea LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 100; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 99; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 380; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 273. Eria pellipes Hook. f.; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 273; — E. teretifolia (non GrirF.) GriFF.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 100; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 99; HoLtrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 379. Eria pudica RDL.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 104; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 85; Ho.trTuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 391; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 303. 171 172 1845 1846 1847 - 1848 1849 1850 185] 1852 Eria pulchella LinbL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 372; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 275; — Tylostylis rigida auct., non BL.; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 105; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 104. Eria robusta (BL.) LinDL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 381; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 286; — E. aeridostachya Rcup. f. ex LINDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 97; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 96; — E. brunea RID.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 98; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 97; — E. linearifolia RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 97; — E. lorifolia Riwi.; RmLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 98; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 98. Eria tenuiflora RIDL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 97; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 90; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 393; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 306. Eulophia graminea LINDL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 137; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 141; Hottrtum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 534; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 539. Eulophia spectabilis (DENNsT.) SURESH.; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 541; — E. squalida LinbL.; Rwwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 137; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 141; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 537. Flickingeria angustifolia (BL.) HAwKEs; SEIDENFADEN, Dansk Bot. Arkiv 34 (1980) 57; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 359; — Dendrobium kelsallii Riwv.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 36; Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 270; — Dendrobium pallidiflorum Ripi.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 37; — Desmotrichum kelsallii R1D.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 33; — Desmotrichum pallidiflorum KRANZL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 31. Flickingeria bancana (J.J.Sm) HAwkEs; SEIDENFADEN, Dansk. Bot. Arkiv 34 (1980) 57; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 360; — Dendrobium lonchophyllum {non Hook. f.] Riwv.; Rwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154, p.p.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 35, p.p.; Hoitrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 270, p.p.; — Desmotrichum lonchophyllum [non (Hook. f.) KRANZL.] RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 29, P-Pp- Flickingeria comata (BL.) HAWKES; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 352; — Dendrobium criniferum LInDL.; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 36; — Desmotrichum criniferum LinDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 30; — Dendrobium comatum (Bt.) LinDL.; HoLTruM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 266. 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 Flickingeria fimbriata (BL.) HAwkes; SEIDENFADEN, Dansk Bot. Arkiv 34 (1980) 21; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 355; — Dendrobium flabellum Reus. f.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 36; Holttum Ist ed.; — Desmotrichum fimbriatum BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 30; — Dendrobium plicatile LinDL.; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 267. Flickingeria laciniosa (RIDL.) HAWKES; SEIDENFADEN, Dansk Bot. Arkiv 34 (1980) 31; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 355; — Dendrobium laciniosum RipD..; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 155; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 38; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 267: — Desmotrichum fimbriatum KRANZL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 31. Flickingeria xantholeuca (Rcxs. f.) HAWKES; SEIDENFADEN, Dansk Bot. Arkiv 34 (1980) 56; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 359; — Dendrobium lonchophyllum Hook. f.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154, p.p.; Ripcey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 35, p.p.; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 270, p.p.; — Desmotrichum lonchophyllum KRANZL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 29, p.p. Galeola nudifolia Lour.; SEIDENFADEN, Dansk Bot. Arkiv 32 (1978) 134: SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 130; — G. hydra Reus. f.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 202; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 202: — G. kuAlii (RcuB. f.) Reus. f.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 39; Hottrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 99. Gastrodia javanica (BL.) LinbDL.; Ripuey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164: HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 40; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 110; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 140: — G. malayana Ruipt.; Ripcey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 207: RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 207. Grammatophyllum speciosum BL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 142; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 149; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 527; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 557. Habenaria singapurensis Rip-.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164: Rip ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 228: Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 229, Ho.trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 84; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 109. Hetaeria nitida Rip..; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 222: RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 222: Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 116; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 95. Hetaeria obliqua BL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 222; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 221; Ho tttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 115; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 93. 173 174 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 187] Hylophila mollis Linbi.; RiLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 223; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 223; Ho.ttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 119; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 57. Lecanorchis malaccensis RipL.; RmpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 206; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 206; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 101; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 134. Liparis elegans LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 24; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 23; Ho tTTvuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 208; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 236. Liparis ferruginea LINDL.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 22; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 20; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 203; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 233; — L. nervosa; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154. Liparis gibbosa Finer; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 209; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 240; — L. disticha (non THouaRS) LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154, RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 26; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 24. Liparis tricallosa Rcup. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 20; HoLtrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 202; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 231; —L. venosa auct., non (THou.) LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 22. Liparis wrayi Hook. f.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 21; Ho_trum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 203; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 231. Macodes petola (BL.) LinDL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 215; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 215; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 117; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 98. Malaxis latifolia J.E. Smiru; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 195; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 219; — Microstylis congesta (LINDL.) Rcnp. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 154; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907)4; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 12. Malaxis micrantha (Hook. f.) O. Krze.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 197; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 225; — Microstylis micrantha Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907)4; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 12. 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 Micropera fuscolutea (LINDL.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 23 (1972) 186; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 615; — Sarcochilus adnatus Rw .; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; Ripiey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 177; — Saccolabium adnatum (RIDL.) RIpDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 174; — Camarotis adnata (RIDL.) HOLTT.; Ho.ttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 631. Microsaccus ampullaceus J.J. SmirH; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 594; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 582. Microsaccus griffithii (Par. & Rcus. f.) SEIDENFADEN, Op. Bot. 95 (1988) 25; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 581; — M. brevifolius J.J. SmrrH; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 594. Microsaccus javensis BL.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 172; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 175; Ho.ttuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 595; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 582. Nephelaphyllum pulchrum BL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 116; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 115; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 180; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 150. Nervilia punctata (BL.) Makino; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 106; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 135; — Pogonia punctata BL.; Rwwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164, RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 203; — Aplostellis punctata (BL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 204. Neuwiedia griffithii Rcus. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RID.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 231; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 296; HoLttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 64; SEIDENFADEN & Woon, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 34. Neuwiedia veratrifolia BL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 64; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 32; —N. lindleyi Ro tre; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 231; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 295. Neuwiedia zollingeri Rcus. f. var. singapureana (BAK.) DE VOGEL; DE VOGEL, Blumea 17 (1969) 331; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 34; —N. curtisii RotFe; Ripwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 232; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 297; —N. singapureana Ro.re; Ho.ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 64. Oberonia anceps LinbL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 18; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 15; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 219; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 247. 175 176 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 189] 1892 Oberonia bertoldii Kinc & PRANTL.; RipLeEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 19; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 17; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 225; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 251. Oberonia ciliolata Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153; RIDLeY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 19; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 16; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 220; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 247. Oberonia dissitiflora RipL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 218; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 245; — O. lunata (BL.) LINDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 16 (in part); RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 14 (in part). Oberonia flabellifera HoLtr.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 222; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 253. Oberonia lunata (BL.) LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153; RIpD.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 16 (in part); RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 14 (in part); HoLttrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 223; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 256. Oberonia miniata LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 153; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 18; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 16; Ho trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 220; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 249. Oberonia stenophylla Rip_.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 17; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 15; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 222; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 254. Peristylus candidus J.J.SmM.; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 107; — Habenaria lacertifera (LINDL.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 230 (in part); — Habenaria sumatrana (SCHLTR.) SCHLTR.; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 88. Peristylus lacertiferus (LINDL.) J.J.Sm.; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 107; — Habenaria lacertifera (LINDL.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 227; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 230, HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 88; — Habenaria maingayi Kinc; Rwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 164. Phaius tankervilliae (BANKs ex L’ Herir) BL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 172; Comper, Orchids of Java (1990) 101; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 176; —P. wallichii LInDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 123. | Plocoglottis gigantea (Hook. f.) J.J. SmirH; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 160; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 183; — P. foetida Rw .; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 160; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 113; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 144. 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 Plocoglottis javanica BL.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 113; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 143; Ho.truM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 159; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 181. Plocoglottis lowii Rcus. f.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 160; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 181; — P. porphyrophylla Rw .; R.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 113; Rmey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 144. Podochilus microphyllus LInDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 193; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 500; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 333; — P. sciuroides Rcus. f.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 192. Polystachya concreta (Jacg.) GARAY & SWEET; SEIDENFADEN, Op. Bot. 95 (1988) 14; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 566; — P. singapurensis RIDL.; RD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 146; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 152: — P. penangensis RiDL.; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 146; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 152: — P. siamensis RiDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 146; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 152; —P. flavescens (BL.) J.J. SmitH; Hotttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 546. Pomatocalpa latifolium (LINDL.) J.J. SmitH; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 628; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 613; — Saccolabium hortense Rwv.; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 166; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 167; — Saccolabium latifolium Rw . var. parviflorum RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 166. Pteroceras pallidum (Rip_.) Hoitt.; PEDERSEN, Nord. J. Bot. 12 (1992) 388; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 675; — Sarcochilus caligaris RIDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 175; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 178; HoL_ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 685. Renanthera elongata (BL.) LInDL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 156; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 160; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 634; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 593. Renanthera histrionica Rcuns. f.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 634; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 596; — Renantherella histrionica (Rcus. f.) Ripi.; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 157; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 161. Rhynchostylis gigantea (LINDL.) RIDL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; Ripiey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 158; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 163; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 704; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 661. 177 178 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Robiquetia spathulata (BL.) J.J. Smira; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 714; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 662; — Cleisostoma spicatum LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; — Saccolabium densiflorum LINDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 167; Rmw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 170. Sarcostoma javanica BL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 499; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 317; — Ceratostylis cryptantha RIwe.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 110; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 110; — Ceratostylis linearis RiDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 110. Schoenorchis micrantha RIENw. ex BL.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 663; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 597; — Saccolabium perpusillum Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 164; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 171. Schoenorchis secundiflora (RIDL.) J.J. SmitH; HoLtru, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 662; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 597; — Saccolabium secundiflorum Rivi.; Rwwiey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 170; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 173. Spathoglottis plicata BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 117; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 117; Ho tttTuM, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 166; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 161. Stereosandra javanica BL.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 224; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 108; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 143. Taeniophyllum filiforme J.J. SmirH; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 593; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 579; — T. macrorrhizum Rip.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 176. Taeniophyllum obtusum BL.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 592; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 577; —T. serrula Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 161, RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 173; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 176. Thelasis carinata BL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 200; HoLtrum, Rev. FI. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 550; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 341; — Oxyanthera elata Hook. f.; RiD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 200. Thelasis micrantha (BRoNGn.) J.J. SmirH; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 551; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 341; — Oxyanthera decurva Hook. f.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; — Oxyanthera micrantha BRONGN.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 200; — T. decurva Hook. f.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 200. | 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 Thelasis pygmaea (Grirr.) LINDL.; ComBer, Orchids of Java (1990) 211; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 341; — T. elongata BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 199; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 199; — T. triptera Rcus. f.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 550. Thrixspermum acuminatissimum (BL.) Rcus. f.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 600; SEIDENFADEN & Woon, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 639; —T. notabile Riwi.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 183; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 186. Thrixspermum amplexicaule (BL.) Rcus. f.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 602; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 645; — T. lilacinum Reus. f.; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 181; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 184. Thrixspermum calceolus (LINDL.) Reus. f.; RipbLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 181; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 184; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 604; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 645. Thrixspermum centipeda Lour.; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 643; —T. arachnites (BL.) Rcus.f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 182; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 185; HoL_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 601. Thrixspermum ridleyanum Scuitr.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 611; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 651; — Dendrocolla maculata Ripi.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 186; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 188. Thrixspermum scopa (Hook. f.) HoLtr.; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 600; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 641. Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook. f.) O. Ktze.; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 611; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 655; — Dendrocolla trichoglottis Rwu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 162; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 185; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 187. Trichotosia gracilis (Hook. f.) KRAENZL.; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 268; — Eria oligantha Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 95; — Eria gracilis Hook. f.; RipLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) | (1907) 95; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 362; —T. velutina KRZL., RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 101; —T. oligantha Krz..; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 103. 179 180 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Trichotosia velutina (Lopp. ex LINDL.) KRAENZL., RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 101; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 265; — Eria velutina Lopp. ex LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 94; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 361. Trichotosia vestita (LINDL.) KRAENZL., RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 100; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 262; — Eria vestita LINDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 159; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 92; Hottrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 359. Tropidia curculigoides LINDL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 209; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 143; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 53; —T. squamata BL.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 209. Vanilla griffithii Rcus. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 201; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 201; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 38; HoL_ttum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 95; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 125. Vrydagzynea albida (BL.) BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 211; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 211; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 138; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 65. Vrydagzynea lancifolia Ripv.; Rwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 210; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 210; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 137; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 65. Vrydagzynea tristriata Rip_.; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 163; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 211; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 211; HoLtrum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 138; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 65. Zeuxine clandestina BL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 1 (1907) 218; RIDLeyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 217; Ho_trum, Rev. Fl. Malaya 1, 3rd ed. (1964) 135; SEIDENFADEN & Woop, Orchids of Pen. Mal. & Sing. (1992) 87. OXALIDACEAE Dapania racemosa KorTH.; VELDKAMP, Fl. Males. 17! (1971) 167; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 96; — D. scandens Starr; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 334, Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 23. Oxalis barrelieri L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 330; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 47; VELDKAMpP, Fl. Males. I 7! (1971) 155; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KEeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 96. 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Oxalis corniculata L.; RiLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 56; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 330; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 47; VELDKAmp, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 155; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 96. Oxalis corymbosa DC.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 330; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 47; VELDKAmp, FI. Males. I 7! (1971) 159; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 96. Sarcotheca griffithii (PLANCH. ex Hook. f.) HALL. f.; VELDKAMP, FI. Males. I 7! (1971) 170; CockBurN Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 349; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 96; — Connaropsis griffithii PLANCH. ex Hook.f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 332. Sarcotheca laxa (RIDL.) KNUTH var. sericea (RIDL.) VELDK.; VELDKAMP, FI. Males. I7' (1971) 171; — Connaropsis macrophylla auct., non KiNG, RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 56; — Connaropsis glabra Rwi.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 332. PALMAE Calamus densiflorus Becc.; RmpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 196; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 53; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 244; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 127. Calamus diepenhorstii Mig.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 199; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 55; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 246; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 127; —C. singaporensis Becc.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 199. Calamus erinaceous (BEcc.) DRANSF.; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 130; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 127; — C. aquatilis RiDL.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 210; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 63. Calamus insignis Grirr.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; RmDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 193; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 51; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 212; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 127. Calamus javensis BL.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 49; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 198; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 127; — C. pencillatus (non Roxs.) Rwv.; Rivey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 191. Calamus laevigatus Mart.; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 138; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 127; —C. pallidulus Becc.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 209; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 62. 181 182 194] 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 195] Calamus lobbianus Becc.; RIpLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 204; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 59; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 190; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 127. Calamus luridus Becc.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 198; RIDLeyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 56; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 237; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128; — C. laxiflorus Brcc.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 56; — C. distans Riw_.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 56. Calamus ornatus Becc.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 195; RIDLeyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 53; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 201; KeEnG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128. Calamus oxleyanus TEUSM. & BINNEND.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. RR. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 208; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 62; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 148; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128. Calamus ridleyanus Becc.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 197; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 54; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 246; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128; — ?C. “sp. near radulosus” ; R.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175. Caryota mitis Lour.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 174; Ripiey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 157; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 21; Wuitmorg, Palms of Malaya (1977) 44; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128. Cocos nucifera L.; RmpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 132; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 7; WHiTMore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 48. Cyrtostachys renda BL.; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128; — C. lakka Becc.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 173; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 149; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 17; Wurrmorg, Palms of Malaya (1977) 53. Daemonorops angustifolia (Grirr.) MART.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 174; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 36; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 78; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128; —D. hygrophilus Grirr.; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; — D. carcharodon Rip..; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 178; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 40. Daemonorops didymophylla Becc.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; RiwLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 180; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 41; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 90; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128; —D. cochleatus T. & B.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176. Daemonorops geniculata (Grirr.) Mart.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 184; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 44; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 107. 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Daemonorops grandis (Grirr.) MArRT.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; Ri.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 177; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 38; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 80; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 128; — D. intermedia (Grirr.) Mart.; RIDLeY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175. Daemonorops hystrix (Grirr.) MaArT.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 182; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 42; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 101; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129. Daemonorops kunstleri Becc.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 43; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 104. Daemonorops leptopus (Grirr.) Mart.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175; Riwiey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 182; RmLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 42; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 96; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129; —D. propinquus (non BeEcc.) Rwwe.; RD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 175. Daemonorops lewisiana (Grirr.) MART.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 176; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 38; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 85; — D. pseudosepal Becc.; Rwiey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 180; Rm.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 40. Daemonorops longipes (Grirr.) MArt.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 184; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 44; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 117; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129. Daemonorops micracantha (Grirr.) BECcc.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 180; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 41; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 96; Keno, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129. Daemonorops periacantha Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 44; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 117; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129; — D. dissitophylla Bsecc.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 183. Daemonorops sabut BeEcc.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 46; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 109. Eleiodoxa conferta (GrirF.) BURRET; UHL & DRANSFIELD, Genera Palmarum (1987) 249; — Salacca conferta Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 169; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 32 (“Zalacca” ); WHITMorE, Palms of Malaya (1977) 106; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 132. Iguanura wallichiana (WALL. ex Mart.) Hook. f.; Krew, Gard. Bull. Sing. 28 (1976) 216; —I. geonomaeformis Grirr. ex MART.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 173; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 151; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 13; Wuitmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 63; KeNG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129; —/. malaccensis Brcc.; Rw_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 173. 183 184 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 197] L972 Korthalsia echinometra Becc.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 215; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 68; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 47; DRANSFIELD, Kew Bull. 36 (1981) 188; Ken, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129. Korthalsia laciniosa (GriFr.) MART.; DRANSFIELD, Kew Bull. 36 (1981) 179; — K. grandis Rw .; RIpbLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 217; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 69; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 40; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129; — K. wallichiaefolia (Grirr.) H. WENDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2(1907) 217; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 69. Korthalsia rigida BL.; DRANSFIELD, Kew Bull. 36 (1981) 172; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129; — K. polystachya Makrt.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 218; Rm ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 69. Korthalsia rostrata BL.; DRANSFIELD, Kew Bull. 36 (1981) 184; —K. scaphigera GriFF. ex Mart.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 216; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 68; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 47; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 129. Korthalsia scortechinii BEcc.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 68; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 50; DRANSFIELD, Kew Bull. 36 (1981) 189; — K. flagellaris (non Mig.) Rwe.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176. Licuala ferruginea BEcc.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 174; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 162; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 26; KEnG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 130. Licuala spinosa Wuros; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 174; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 160; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 25; WuiTMoreg, Palms of Malaya (1977) 70; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 130. Licuala triphylla Grirr.; RIpvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 174; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 163; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 28; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 130. Myrialepis paradoxa (Kurz) DRANSFIELD, Kew Bull. 37 (1982) 242; — M. scortechinii Becc.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176; Wuitmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 79; DRANSFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 68; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 130; — Plectocomiopsis scortechinii (BEcc.) RIDL.; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 213; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 67; — Plectocomiopsis annulata Riwv.; Rwvey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 213; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 66. Nenga pumila (Mart.) WENDL. var. pachystachya (BL.) E. FERNANDO, Principes 27 (1983) 61; — N. wendlandiana ScuerFr.; RIpcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 173; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 144; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 12; —N. pumila; Wuirmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 79; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 130. 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Nypa fruticans Wurms; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 174; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 158; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 71 (“Nipa”); WuiTmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 81; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. Oncosperma horridum (Grirr.) SCHEFF.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 173; Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 147; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen.5 (1925) 16; WuiTmMorg, Palms of Malaya(1977) 82; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) RIDL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 173; WuiTmorE, Palms of Malaya (1977) 83; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131; — O. filamentosa BL.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 147; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 16. Orania sylvicola (Grirr.) H.E. Moore; WuiTmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 84; — O.macrocladus Mart.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 174; RiDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 145; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 17. Pholidocarpus kingianus (Becc.) RIDL.; RipLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 167; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen 5 (1925) 24; DRANSFIELD & Uhl, Kew Bull. 38 (1983) 198; — Livistona kingiana Becc, J. Str. Br. R. As. soc. 33 (1900) 174; Wuitmorg, Palms of Malaya (1977) 72; Keno, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 130. Pinanga disticha BL. ex WENDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 172; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 132; Rm.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 7; WHITMORE, Palms of Malaya (1977) 91; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. Pinanga limosa RiDL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 140; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 8; WuiTmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 91; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. Pinanga malaiana (Mart.) SCHEFF.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 173; Rm.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 142; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 10; WuiTmorg, Palms of Malaya (1977) 91; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. Pinanga pectinata Becc.; WuiTmore, Principes 14 (1970) 125; — P. singaporensis RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 144; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 11; Kenc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. Pinanga simplicifrons (Mig.) Becc.; WHiTMorE, Palms of Malaya (1977) 93; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. Pinanga subruminata Becc.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 140; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 8; WuiTmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 94; KeENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. Plectocomia elongata Mart. ex BL.; MADuLID, Kalikasan 10 (1981) 45; — P. griffithii Becc.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 176; RipLey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 220; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 70; WuirmMore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 94; DraNsFIELD, Mal. Forest Rec. 29 (1979) 55; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 131. 185 186 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 199] 1992 1993 1994 1995 Rhopaloblaste singaporensis (Becc.) Hook. f.; H.E. Moore, Principes 14 (1970) 88; — Ptychosperma singaporensis (BEcc.) BEcc.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 173; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 148; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 18; WuiTmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 97; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 132. Salacca affinis Grirr.; RipLeEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 169; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 32 (“Zalacca” ); Wuitmore, Palms of Malaya (1977) 105; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 132. PANDANACEAE Freycinetia angustifolia BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 172; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 232; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 82; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 209; Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1970) 197; — F. malaccensis Riwi.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 233; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 83. Freycinetia confusa RIDL.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 233; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 82; Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1970) 203. Freycinetia corneri B.C. Stone; STONE, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1970) 198. Freycinetia javanica BL.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 210; STONE, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1970) 195; — F. lucens Rww.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 233; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 83; — F. montana RDL.; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 234; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 83. Freycinetia sumatrana HemsLey; Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1970) 199; — “F. insignis Bl. ?” ; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 172; — F. valida RIpL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 234; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 83; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 209. Pandanus affinis Kurz; Stone, Fed. Mus. J. 23 (1978) 13; — P. aurantiacus RipL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 231; Rrpey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 81. Pandanus atrocarpus Grirr.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 170; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 230; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 80; Stone, Malay. Nat. J. 21 (1968) 135; Stone, Fed. Mus. J. 23 (1978) 26. Pandanus houllettii CARRERE; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 171; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 224; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 74; Stone, Malay. Nat. J. 21 (1968) 128; Stone, Fed. Mus. J. 28 (1982) 26. Pandanus monotheca Mart.; Rip_ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 228; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 79; Stone, Fed. Mus. J. 23 (1978) 26; — P. ornatus (GAuD.) Kurz, nom. illeg.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 171; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 229; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 80. 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Pandanus odoratissimus L. f.; Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 22 (1967) 236; — P. fascicularis Lam.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 171; Riptey, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 223; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 73. Pandanus parvus RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 171; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 227; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 78; StonE, Malay. Nat. J. 21 (1968) 136; Stone, Fed. Mus. J. 23 (1978) 39. Pandanus polycephalus LamMk.; Stone, Fed. Mus. J. 28 (1983) 115. Pandanus rostratus MarTELLI; STONE, Sandakania 2 (1993) 49; — P. corneri KANEHIRA; Stone, MALAY. Nat J. 21 (1968) 14. Pandanus tetrodon RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 75: Stone, Fed. Mus. J. 28 (1982) 83. Pandanus yvanii So_mMs.; Stone, Malay. Nat. J. 21 (1968) 132; — P. militaris Wars.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 227; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 78. PASSIFLORACEAE Adenia macrophylla (BL.) Koorb. var. singaporeana (WALL. ex G. Don) DE WILDE; DE WILDE, FI. Males. I 7” (1972) 429; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 42: — Modecca singaporeana (Wall. Ex & Don) Mast.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; —A. singaporeana (Wall. Ex & Don) ENGL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 841; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 48. Passiflora foetida L.; RmLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 839: HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 151; Cor.ertr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 42. Passiflora laurifolia L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 840; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 152; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 42. Passiflora suberosa L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 840; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 43; — P. mimima L.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 87. PEDALIACEAE Sesamum orientale L.; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1994; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 363; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 185; — S. indicum L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 120; RmpLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 553; BAcKER, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 217. Sesamum radiatum Scuum.; BAcKER, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 218; TAN et ai., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 131. 187 188 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 PENTAPHRAGMATACEAE Pentaphragma ellipticum PouLsen; Krew, Malay. Nat. J. 43 (1989) 6; — P. begoniifolium [non (Rox. ex JACK) WALL. ex G. Don] Ript.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103 (“begoniaefolium” ); — P. scortechinii auct., non K. & G.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 203 (Singapore specimens); — P. ridleyi K. & G.; Riwcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 202; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 165; — P. horsfieldii sensu Kenc, non (Mig.) Airy SHAW; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 165; — P. x ellipticum PouLsEn; Airy SHAW, FI. Males. I 4* (1953) 527. PHILYDRACEAE Philydrum lanuginosum Banks & Sov. ex GAERTN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 110; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 347; SkottsBera, Fl. Males. I 4! (1948) 5; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 192; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 39 (1986) 123. PHYTOLACCACEAE Rivina humilis L.; Burkit, Dict. (1935) 1913; Backrr, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 229; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 59. PIPERACEAE Peperomia pellucida (L.) H.B.K.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 27; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 436; Cor.etrT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62; — P. exigua Miq.; RwLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 128. Piper caninum BL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 38; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 442; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper chaba Hunter; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 40; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper flavimarginatum C. DC.; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 31; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper lanatum Roxs.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 38; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper maingayi Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 31; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper malaccense C. DC.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 33; Maxwe_L, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 197. Piper miniatum BL.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; Ripcey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 39; HeENpersoN, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 440; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Piper muricatum BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; Riwey, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 32; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 441; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper pachyphyllum Hook. f.; RiDtey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 31; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper pedicellosum WALL. ex C. DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 34; Maxwe_t, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 197); KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper porphyrophyllum N.E. Br.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 128; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 45; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Piper protractum C. DC.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 33; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 63. Piper ribesioides WALL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 34; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 442; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 63; — P. sumatranum C. DC.; Rwwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127. Piper sarmentosum Roxs. ex HUNTER; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 127; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 40; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 63. PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum ferrugineum AirT.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 44; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 136; Burk, Dict. (1935) 1763; EJHC2 517; BAKKER & VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 5° (1957) 355; Wuirmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 310; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 607; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 26. PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago major L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 125; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 268; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 140; — P. asiatica Micux.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 225. PLUMBAGINACEAE Plumbago zeylanica L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 103; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 225; vAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 4? (1949) 109; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 266; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 139. POLY GALACEAE Polygala glaucoides L.; vAN DER MEUDEN, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 480; — P. brachystachya (non DC.) Bu.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 44; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 139; HENpDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 31; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 103. 189 190 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 Polygala paniculata L.; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 31; Cor.etrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; VAN DER MEUDEN, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 475; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 103. Salomonia cantoniensis Lour.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 45; RIDLeyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 139; HENpErRson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 28; VAN DER MEUDEN, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 487; KeNa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 103. Xanthophyllum affine Kortu.; Ri.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 45; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 143, p.p.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 2268; p.p.; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 354, p.p.; VAN DER MEUDEN, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 487; KeEnG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 104. Xanthophyllum discolor CHopAT; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 147; BurkKiLL, Dict. (1935) 2268; Nec, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 356; VAN DER MEuDEN, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 520; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 104. Xanthophyllum ellipticum Kortu.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 45; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 357; VAN DER MEWDEN, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 530; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 104; — X. kingii CHopaT; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 143; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2268. Xanthophyllum eurhynchum Miaq.; VAN DER MEUDEN, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 524 (ssp. maingayi (Hook. f. ex BENN.) MEIDEN); — X. palembanicum (non Mig.) Kinc; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 45; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 149; BurkiLi, Dict. (1935) 2269; —X. verrucosum CHOoDAT; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 147; — X. maingayi Hook. f. ex BENN.; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 360; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 104. Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook. f. ex BENN. ssp. erectum MEIDEN; VAN DER MEUDEN, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 514; —X. griffithii Hook. f. ex BENN.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 149, p.p.; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2269, p.p.; Ne; Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 357, var. griffithii only. Xanthophyllum obscurum BeEnn.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 45; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 144; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 361; VAN DER MEUDEN, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 536; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 104; — X. scortechinii Kinc; Riw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 143; BurkiL, Dict. (1935) 2268; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 363. Xanthophyllum stipitatum BENN.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 145; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 2268; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 363; VAN DER MEUDEN, FI. Males. I 10° (1988) 535; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 104. Xanthophyllum vitellinum (BL.) Dietr.; VAN DER MEUDEN, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 514; — X. kunstleri Kinc; Rwwxey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 45; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 2268; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 359; — X. curtisii Kina; Rip-ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 146; —X. griffithii var. curtisti (KING) NG; Nea, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 359. 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 Xanthophyllum wrayi KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 148; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 2268; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 363; VAN DER MEUDEN, Fl. Males. I 10° (1988) 514. POLYGONACEAE Polygonum barbatum L.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 126; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 11; HENDERsSoN, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 419; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 61. Polygonum chinense L.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 12; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 419; Sinciair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 35; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 61. Polygonum orientale L.; TAN et a/., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 131. PONTEDERIACEAE Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) SoLMs.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 891; BAcKErR, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 259; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 190; KENc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 122; Cor-etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Monochoria hastata (L.) SoLms.; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1489; Backer, FI. Males. I 4° (1951) 258: HENDERsoN, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 189; KENc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 122; — M. hastaefolia PREsL; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 109; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 344. Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) PRESL; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 109; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 346; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 1489: Backer, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 256; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 189; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 122. PORTULACACEAE Portulaca oleracea L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 45; Rma.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 151; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 33; GeEsinkK, FI. Males. I 7' (1971) 129; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 60. Portulaca pilosa L.; HENDERsoN, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 33; SincLarr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 31; Geesinx, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 131; Cor.ert, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662. Portulaca quadrifida L.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 46; RIDLeEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 151; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 34; GEEsINK, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 127; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 60. Talinum paniculatum (Jacg.) GAERTN.; GEESINK, Fl. Males. I 7' (1971) 124; KeEnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 60; Tan ef al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 131. 191 192 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 PROTEACEAE Helicia excelsa (Roxs.) BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 143 (incl. vars.); BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 1133; SLEUMER, Fl. Males. 5(2) 174; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 315; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 61. Helicia petiolaris BENN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 141; Burkitt, Dict. (1935) 1134; SLEUMegr, Fl. Males. 5(2) 188; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 315; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62. Helicia robusta (Roxs.) R. Br. ex WALL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 142; SLEUMER, FI. Males. 5(2) 184; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 315; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 62; — H. javanica BL.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1133. RHAMNACEAE Colubrina asiatica L. ex BRONGN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 465; Latirr, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 298; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 116. Smythea lanceata SUMMERH.; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 116; —S. reticulata KinG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; — S. pacifica SEEM.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 468. Ventilago malaccensis RIDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 46; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 116; — V. leiocarpa Laws.; Rw_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63. Ziziphus calophylla WALL. ex Hook. f.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 463; Latirr, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 300; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 116. Ziziphus elegans WALL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 463; Latirr, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 300. Ziziphus horsfieldii Mig.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 34 (1900) 63; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 463; Latirr, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 300. Ziziphus oenoplia MiLv.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 63; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 462; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 610; LaTiFr, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 300; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 117. RHIZOPHORACEAE Anisophyllea disticha (JACK) BAILL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 701; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 122; Dinc Hou; Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 479; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 132; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 307; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 73. 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 Anisophyllea griffithii Ottv.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 702; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 124; Dinc Hou; Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 476; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 134; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 307; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 73. Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) BL.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. 15* (1958) 467; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 310; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 73; — B. caryophylloides BL.; Rwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 695; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 43. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) LAMK.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 695; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 42; DING Hou, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 461; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 310; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 74. Bruguiera parviflora (Roxs.) W. & A. ex Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 695; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 111; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 464; KocHumMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 310; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 74. Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 463; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 312; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 74; — B. eriopetala W. & A. ex ARN.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 695; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 109. Carallia brachiata (Lour.) MeErRR.; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 485; KOCHUMMEN, Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 612; Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 313; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 74; — C. scortechinii Kinc; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 697; — C. integerrima DC.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 696; — C. spinulosa RwLe.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 698; — C. lucida Roxs.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 522. Ceriops tagal (Pers.) C.B. Ropins; Dinc Hou; Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 469; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 316; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 74; — C. candolliana ArNn.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 694; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 46. Gynotroches axillaris BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 698; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 522; Dinc Hou; Fl. Males. 15* (1958) 488; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rded. (1988) 613; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 317; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 74. Kandelia candel (L.) Druce; Dinc Hou; Fl. Males. 15* (1958) 473; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 319; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 74; —K. rheedei W. &. A.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 694; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 49. Pellacalyx axillaris Kortu.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 699; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 523; Dinc Hou; Fl. Males. I5*(1958) 493; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 614; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 320; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 74. 193 194 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 Pellacalyx saccardianus Scort.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 79; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 699; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 524; Dinc Hou; FI. Males. I 5* (1958) 491; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 615; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 320; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 74. Rhizophora apiculata BL.; Dinc Hou; FI. Males. I 5* (1958) 452; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 322; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 74; —R. conjugata (non L.) ARN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 693; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 27. Rhizophora mucronata Lam.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 693; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 27; DING Hou; Fl. Males. I 5* (1958) 453; KocHumMen, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 322; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 74. Rhizophora stylosa Grirr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 693; Dinc Hou; FI. Males. I 5* (1958) 456; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 323; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 74. ROSACEAE Duchesnea indica (ANDREWS) FocKE; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 27; — Fragaria indica ANbR.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 39. Prunus arborea (BL.) KALKM.; PRANCE & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 338; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 619; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 27; — Pygeum persimile Kurz; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 675; — Pygeum ovalifolium KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 677; — Pygeum patens RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 676; — Pygeum rubiginosum RIDv.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 677; — Pygeum parviflorum T. & B.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 675; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 529. Prunus grisea (C. MUELL.) KALKM.; PRANCE & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 337; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 27; — Pygeum lanceolatum Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 674 (incl. var. maingayi); SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 23; — Pygeum maingayi Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78. Prunus polystachya (Hook. f.) KALKM.; PRANCE & WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 339; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 619; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 27; — Pygeum polystachyum Hook. f.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 674; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 528. 2080a Rubus moluccanus L. var. moluccanus; KALKMAN, Blumea 29 (1984) 356; — R. glomeratus auct., non BL.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 679; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 105; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 28. 195 2080b Rubus moluccanus var. angulosus KALKMAN, Blumea 29 (1984) 364; — R. moluccanus; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 105; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 28; — R. angulosus (non GREMLI) FOCKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 678. RUBIACEAE 2081 Aidia corymbosa (BL.) K.M. Wonc, Malay. Nat. J. 38 (1984) 19; — Randia auriculata (WALL.) SCHUM.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 75; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 160. 2082 Aidia wallichiana Tirv.; Wonc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 338; — Randia densiflora (WALL.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; RIpDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 75; CoRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 555; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 647; — Aidia cochinchinensis sensu WONG pro parte non Lovr., Malay. Nat. J. 38 (1984) 10; —Randia cochinchinensis (LOvR.) Merr.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160. 2083 Borreria alata (AuBL.) DC.; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 152; — B. latifolia K. ScHum.; Rey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 175; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 229. 2084 Borreria articularis (L. f.) F.N. WILL.; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152; — Spermacoce hispida L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 100; — B. hispida K. Scuum.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 175; HENDERsoN, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 229. 2085 Borrerialaevicaulis (Mig.) RIpt.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 176; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 229; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. 2086 Borreria laevis (LAMK.) GrISEB.; CORLETT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. 2087 Borreria ocymoides (Burs. f.) DC.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. 2088 Borreriasetidens (Miq.) BoLp.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 177; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 229; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. 2089 Caelospermum truncatum (WALL.) BaILL. ex K. ScHuM.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 121 JoHANsson, Blumea 33 (1988) 277; — C. scandens BL.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 121; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153. 2090 Canthium confertum Korrtu.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 125; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 626; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 342; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. 2091 Canthium glabrum BL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 124; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 627; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 343; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 152. 2092 Canthium horridum BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 123; Wone, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 341; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152; —C. scandens BL.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96. 196 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 - 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 Canthium molle Kinc & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 123; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 341; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. Cephaelis singaporensis RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 144; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. Chasalia chartacea Crais; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 223; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 627; Won, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 344. Chasalia curviflora (WALL.) THw.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 142; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 344; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. Chasalia pubescens RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 143; Wonca, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 344; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153. Coptosapelta griffithii Hook. f,; RibLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 17; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 196; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153. Coptosapelta parviflora RIDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 18; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 153. Coptosapelta tomentosa (BL.) VAL. ex K. HEYNE; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 195; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153; — C. flavescens KortTu.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 91; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 17. Dentella repens (L.) J.R. & G. Forst.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 44; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153. Diodia ocymifolia (WILLD. ex R. & S.) BREMEK.; CorLeTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153. Diodia sarmentosa Swartz; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 174; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 228; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153; — Spermacoce scaberrima BL.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 100. Diplospora malaccensis Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 86; CorRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 629; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 346; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153. Gaertnera grisea Hook. f. ex CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; Rw ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 431; VAN BEusEKom, Blumea 15 (1967) 373; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 347; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 153. Gaertnera obesa Hook. f. ex CLARKE; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; Riwey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 431; vAN BeusEkom, Blumea 15 (1967) 381; Won, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 347; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 154. 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 Z483 2114 2115 2116 Gaertnera vaginans (DC.) Mere. ssp junghuhnii (MiQ.) VAN BEUSEKoM, Blumea 15 (1967) 388; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 348; — G. koenigii (ARN.) WIGHT var. oxyphylla (BENTH.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; — G. acuminata BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 427 (incl. var. oxyphylla Rw. & var. montana RIDL.); — G. caudata RIDL.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 429; — G. ramosa RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 429; — G. pedicellata Rw .; RI ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 429; — G. sessiliflora RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 427. Gaertnera viminea Hook. f. ex CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 115; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 427; van BEusEKom, Blumea 15 (1967) 377; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 348; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 154. Gardenia griffithii Hook.f; RIDLey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 83; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 631; WonG, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 349; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 154. Gardenia tubifera WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 82; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 631; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 349; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 154; — G. speciosa [non SALISB.] (Hooxk.) Hook. f.; Rmp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 83; —G. resinifera Kortu.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 82. Wonc Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1982) 22 & Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 350) recognises var. subcarinata Corner and var. tubifera forma tubifera and var. tubifera forma elata (RIDL.) WoNG, all of which are recorded from Singapore. Gardeniopsis longifolia Mig.; RmpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 112; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 350; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 154. Geophila pilosa Pears.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 146; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 154; —G. hirta (non Mi.) Rip., J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99. Guettarda speciosa L.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 112; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 542; Wonc, Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 496; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 633; Wonca, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 351; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 154. Gynochthodes coriacea BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98: RIDLeyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 122; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 154. Gynochthodes sublanceolata Mig.; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 97; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 122; HenpgRson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 220; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155. Hedyotis auricularia L.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 49; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155. 197 198 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 toh CA 2425 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 Hedyotis biflora (L.) LAMK.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155; — Oldenlandia paniculata L.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 53; HENDErson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 207. Hedyotis capitellata WALL. ex G. Don; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 46; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155. Hedyotis caerulea W. & A.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 52; Sincvair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 33. Hedyotis congesta R. Br. ex G. Don; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As: So¢ 33 (1900) 92; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 51; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 155. Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) LAmxk.; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155; — Oldenlandia corymbosa L.; RIwD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 54; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 206. Hedyotis dichotoma Koen. ex RotH; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155; — Oldenlandia dichotoma Hook. f.; Rmw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 53; HENDERsoN, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 207. Hedyotis diffusa WILLD.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155; — Oldenlandia diffusa (WILLD.) Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 54; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 206. Hedyotis herbacea L.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155. Hedyotis pinifolia WALL. ex G. Don; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 52; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 204; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 155. Hedyotis pumila L. f.; TAN et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 131. Hedyotis trinervia (RETz.) R. & S.; MAXWELL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 198; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155; — Oldenlandia trinervia RETz.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 55. Hedyotis vestita R. Br.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 92; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 49. Hydnophytum formicarium Jack; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 172; HENpERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 226; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 155. Hypobathrum coniferum (RIDL.) BAKH. f.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 156; — Petunga venulosa (non Hook. f.) Riwi.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; — Petunga conifera Riwu.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 85; — H. sp. 11, Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 355. Ixora concinna Hook. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 97; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 95; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 637; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 360. 2i52 2935 2134 zios 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 Ixora congesta Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 93; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 637; WonG, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 361. Ixora grandifolia Z. & M.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 97; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 637; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 364; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 156; —/. crassifolia RiDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 98; — I. elliptica RWL.; RW ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 98; —J. fluminalis Riv.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 97. Ixora lobbii Kinc & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 93; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 638; Wonc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 361; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 156; — J. fulgens (non Roxs.) Hook. f.; Riiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96. Ixora pendula JAck; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 95 (incl. var. opaca RIDL.); CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 638; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 359; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 156; — I. opaca Don; Ruiw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96. Ixora umbellata K. & V.; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 638; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 358; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 156. Jackiopsis ornata (WALL.) RmpsDALE, Blumea 25 (1979) 295; Wona, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 364; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 156; —Jackia ornata WALL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 89, Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 548; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 639. Lasianthus appressus Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 156; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 371; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 156. Lasianthus attenuatus JAck; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 156; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 367; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 156. Lasianthus constrictus WIGHT; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 163; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 369; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lasianthus cyanocarpus Jack; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 153; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 224; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 370; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lasianthus densifolius Mig.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 156 (incl. var. calycina KiNG & var. latifolia KinG); Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 368. Lasianthus ellipticus WicHT; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 159; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 372; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lasianthus glaber RipL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 155; Wone, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 373. 199 200 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 ZA ZA Se 4 lal 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 Lasianthus griffithii WIGHT; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 152 (incl. var. latibracteata K. & G.); WonG, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 371; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lasianthus maingayi Hook. f.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 160; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 369; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lasianthus perakensis KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 160; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 372; — L. flavinervius RwDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 162. Lasianthus pterospermus WIGHT; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 160; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 368; — L. longifolius sensu RWL. p.p.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 164. Lasianthus ridleyi Kinc & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 154; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 371; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157; —L. maingayi var. hirta RiDv.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 160; —L. singaporensis KiNG & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 159; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lasianthus scabridus KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 152; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 370; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lasianthus sp. 8, Wonc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 373. Lasianthus stipularis BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 152; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 224; Wong, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 368; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lasianthus tomentosus BL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 161; Wona, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 371; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157; — L. chryseus RIDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 158; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lecananthus erubescens Jack; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 57; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 211; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Lucinaea membranacea KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 56; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 209; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 157. Lucinaea morinda DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 93; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 56; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 157. Morinda citrifolia L.; Rivey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 97; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 117; Corett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 662; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 641; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 377; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 157. Morinda ridleyi (KING & GAMBLE) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 118; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 377; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 158; — M. sp. “A tall climber” ; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 97. Morinda rigida Mig.; Rip_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 118; Wona, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 376; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 158. PRE, tS i atl Pp 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 Morinda umbellata L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 97; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 119; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 219; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 377; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 158. Mussaenda glabra VAHL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 93; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 61; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 213; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 158. Mussaenda mutabilis Hook. f.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 58; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 212; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 158. Mussaendopsis beccariana BaILL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 19; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 378; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 158. Mycetia malayana (WALL. ex RIDL.) CRAiB; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 379; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 158; — Adenosacme longifolia WALL. ex Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 93; — Adenosacme malayana WALL. ex RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 63. Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 173; HuUXLEy & Jess, Blumea 37 (1993) 276; — M. echinata Gaup.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33(1900) 100; — M. armata DC.; Keng, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 158. Nauclea officinalis (PrERRE ex PITARD) MeErR. & CHUN.; RIDSDALE, Blumea 24 (1978) 328; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 380; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 158; — Sarcocephalus junghuhnii (non Mig.) Riwi.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 90; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 7; —N. junghuhnii auct., non Merr.; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 551; CorNgEr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 642. Nauclea subdita (Kortu.) STEUD.; RIDSDALE, Blumea 24 (1978) 329; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya4 (1989) 381; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 159; —Sarcocephalus subditus Miqg.; RIDcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 90; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 UL923)*7: Neonauclea pallida (REINW. ex HaviL.) BAku. f. ssp. malaccensis (GAND.) RIDSDALE, Blumea 34 (1989) 199; — Nauclea purpurascens (non Kortu.) K. & G.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 9; —N. purpurascens Rwe.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 314, p.p.; —N. pallida; Wonc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 383 Neonauclea sp. 2, Wonc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 383. Ochreinauclea maingayi (Hook. f.) RipspALE, Blumea 24 (1978) 332; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 385; — Sarcocephalus maingayi (Hook. f.) HAVIL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 90; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 7. Ophiorrhiza singaporensis RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 39; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 209; KeNnc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 159; — O. harrisiana; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 93. Oxyceros fragrantissima (RIDL.) K.M. Wonc, Malay. Nat. J. 38 (1984) 43; — Randia fragrantissima Riwu.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 75; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 160. 201 202 2173 2174 2179 2176 Zatt 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 Oxyceros longiflora (LAMK.) YAMAZAKI; Won, Malay. Nat. J. 38 (1984) 39; — Randia longiflora LaMK.; RID_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 73; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 161. Oxyceros penangiana (KING & GAMBLE) TIRVENG.; WoNnG, Malay. Nat. J. 38 (1984) 39; — Randia penangiana KinGc & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 72; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161. Oxyceros scandens (BL.) TIRVENG.; WonG, Malay. Nat. J. 38 (1984) 42; — Randia clarkei KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 72; — Randia scandens (BL.) DC.; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161. Paederia foetida L.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 173; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Doc. (1959) 227; Purr, Op. Bot. Belg. 3 (1991) 210; — P. tomentosa BL.; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 100; — P. scandens (Lour) MErRR.; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 159. Paederia verticillata BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 89; RmDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 174; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 227; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 159; — P. foetida sensu RiDL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 100. Pavetta wallichiana STEuD.; Wonc, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 388. Pertusadina eurhyncha (Miq.) RIDSDALE, Blumea 24 (1978) 354; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 391; — Adina rubescens HEmMSL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 90; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 10; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 152. Porterandia anisophylla (J Ack ex Roxs.) RIDL.; WonG, Malay. Nat. J.38 (1984) 45; Won, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 393; — Randia anisophylla (JACK ex ROxB.) Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 77; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 555; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 647; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160; — Randia scortechinii K. & G.; RIpDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 78; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 556; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 648. Prismatomeris glabra (KortH.) VAL.; Won, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 395. Prismatomeris tetranda (Roxs.) K. ScHuM. subsp. malayana (RIDL.) JOHANSSON; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 396; — P. albidiflora; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 97; — P. malayana RIwL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 116; — P. tetranda; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 645; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 159. Psychotria angulata Kortu.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; RIDLeY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 138; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 222; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 398; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 159. Psychotria cantleyi Rip-.; Rm.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 130; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 159. | 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 Psychotria griffithii Hook. f.; Rm ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 137; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 399; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 159. Psychotria helferiana Kurz; Ripiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 134; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 396; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 159. Psychotria maingayi Hook. f.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 131; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160. Psychotria malayana JAck; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 139; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 397; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160; — P. stipulacea WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 140; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 222; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160. Psychotria obovata WALL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 129; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 221; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160; —P. polycarpa Mia.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98. Psychotria ovoidea WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 130; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160. Psychotria penangensis Hook. f.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 132; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160. Psychotria ridleyi KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 133; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160. Psychotria rostrata BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 134; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 222; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 397; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 160; — Chasalia rostrata (BL.) Miq.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 99. Psychotria sarmentosa BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 98; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 131; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 221; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 160. Psydrax sp. 10, Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 404; — Canthium didymum sensu RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 96, p.p. Psydrax sp. 11, Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 402. Rothmannia macrophylla (R. Br. ex Hook. f.) BREMEK.; WonG, Malay. Nat. J. 38 (1984) 48; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 406; — Randia macrophylla R. Br. ex Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 78; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 556; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 216; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 648; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161. Saprosma glomerulatum KinG & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 170; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 650; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 407; KeEnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161. 203 204 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. f.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; Rw.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 89; Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 84; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 559; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 650; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 89; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161. Tarenna adpressa (KING) MerR.; CorRNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 560 (“appressa” ); CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 651; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 411; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161; — T. papillosa Riw.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 103; — Stylocoryna adpressa KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 110. Tarenna costata (Miq.) MERR.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 651; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 415; — Stylocoryna costata Miq.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 109. Tarenna fragrans (NEEs) K. & V.; CorNgErR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 652; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 411; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161; — ?Webera fragrans; RIw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; — Stylocoryna fragrans (NegEs) DC.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 108. Tarenna mollis (WALL. ex Hook. f.) B.L. RoBINSON; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 652; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 416; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161; — Webera mollis WALL. ex Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; — Stylocoryna mollis (WALL. ex Hook. f.) KING; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 109. Tarenna odorata (Roxs.) B.L. RoBINson; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 105; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 410; — Webera grandifolia Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; — T. grandifolia (Hook. f.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 104; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 161. Tarenna ridleyi (PEARS. ex KING) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 106, p.p.; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 412; — Webera sp. 6147; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 94; — Webera ridleyi Pears. ex KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88. Tarenna stellulata (Hook. f.) RIpL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 106; Corngr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 653; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 412; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162. Timonius compressicaulis (MiQ.) BOERL.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 563; Wonca, Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 514; Corngr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 655; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 417; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162; — T. finlaysonianus Hook. f.; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 113. Timonius flavescens (Jack) BAKER; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 564; Wonca, Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 504; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 655; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 418; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162; — T. jambosella (non Taw.) Ripv.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95; —T. peduncularis Rwv.; Rvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 113. 2209 2210 aekl 2212 e213 2214 2215 2216 ZALT 2218 2219 2220 2221 Timonius wallichianus (Kortu.) VALETON; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 116; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 564, p.p.; Wonc, Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 507; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 655; Wona, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 417; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162; — T. rumphii (non DC.) Hook f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 95. Timonius wrayi Kinc & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 115; Wona, Kew Bull. 43 (1988) 512; Wong, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 419; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 162. Uncaria acida (Hunt.) Roxs.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 194; RIDSDALE, Blumea 24 (1978) 80; — U. ovalifolia Roxs.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 14; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162. Uncaria attenuata KorTu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 91; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 16; RipsDALe, Blumea 24 (1978) 79; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 162. Uncaria calophylla BL. ex Kortu.; RipspaLe, Blumea 24 (1978) 85; — U. Jasminiflora Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 91; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 15; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162. Uncaria cordata (Lour.) MERR.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 195; RipsDALE, Blumea 24 (1978) 74; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162; — U. pedicellata Roxs.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 91; Rmp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 12; — U. sclerophylla (Hunt.) Roxs.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 12; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 163. Uncaria gambir (Hunt.) Roxs.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 91; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 15; RipspDALE, Blumea 24 (1978) 74; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162 Uncaria lanosa WALL. var. glabrata (BL.) Ripsp., Blumea 24 (1978) 86; — U. glabrata (BL.) DC.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 91; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 14; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162. Uncaria longiflora (Porr.) MErRR. var. pteropoda (Mig.) Ripsp., Blumea 24 (1978) 82; — U. pteropoda Mig.; Rwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 91; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 15; — U. longiflora; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162. Uncaria roxburghiana Kortu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 91; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 11; HENpERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 195; RIDSDALE, Blumea 24 (1978) 89; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 162. Urophyllum blumeanum (WicuT) Hook. f.; WonG, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 421;— U. glabrum var. blumeanum sensu RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 69. Urophyllum corymbosum (BL.) Kortu.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 67; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 422. Urophyllum glabrum WA LL.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 93; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 68; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 215; Won, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 423; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 163. 205 206 pies pat a As 2224 2229 2226 pi iM 2228 Deco 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 aa39 Urophyllum griffithianum (WicuT) Hook. f.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 93; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 69; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 423; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 163. Urophyllum hirsutum (Wicut) Hook. f.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 93; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 66; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 422; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 163. Urophyllum macrophyllum Kortu.; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 66; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 422; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 163. Urophyllum sp. 2 Won, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 421. Urophyllum streptopodium WALL. ex Hook. f.; RIbLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 93; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 67; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 421; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 163. Urophyllum trifurcum Pears. ex KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 88; RDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 68; Wonca, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 422; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 163. RUTACEAE Acronychia porteri Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 56; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 348; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 371; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 97. Clausena excavata Burm. /f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 56; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 352; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 570; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 375; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 662; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 97. Euodia glabra (BL.) BL.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 56; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 342; Stones, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 377; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 664; KeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 97. Euodia robusta Hook. f.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 56; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 343; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 379; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 97. Euodia roxburghiana (CHAM.) BENTH. ex Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 56; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 379; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 97; — E. malayana Rw .; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 342. Glycosmis chlorosperma (BL.) Spr.; STONE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 382; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 666; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 98; — G. malayana Rww_.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 350. Glycosmis lanceolata (BL.) Spr. ex TEYsM. & BINN.; STONE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 381; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 98; — G. citrifolia [non ana LINDL.] RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 349. Luvunga crassifolia TANAKA; — L. eleutheranthera Datz.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57 (erroneously corrected to L. scandens HAM. RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 87), Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 355. 2236 Z2oT 2238 2299 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 Merope angulata (WILLD.) SwINGLE; STonE, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 382; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 98; — Paramignya longispina Hook. f.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57; RwpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 356; Paramignya angulata (WILLD.) BURKILL; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 578; CorRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 670. Paramignya scandens (GriFF.) CRAIB var. ridleyi (BURKILL) SWINGLE; STONE, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 384; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 98; — Paramignya griffithii Hook. f.; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 356. Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxs.) DC.; Stone, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 386; KEnG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 98; — Z. hirtellum Riwe.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 347. SABIACEAE Meliosma lanceolata BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 516; vAN BEUSEKOM & VAN DE WateER, FI. Males. I 10* (1989) 704; Saw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 427; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 125; — M. levis Kinc; Rey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 515. Meliosma pinnata (Roxs.) Maxi ssp. ridleyi (KING) BEUS.; VAN BEUSEKOM & VAN DE WartER, FI. Males. I 104 (1989) 710; Saw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 428; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 125; — M. ridleyi Kinc; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 516; — M. elegans RwDL.; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 515. Meliosma simplicifolia (Roxs.) WALP. ssp. fruticosa (BL.) BEUS.; VAN BEUSEKOM & VAN DE WATER, FI. Males. I 10*(1989) 701; Saw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 429; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 125; — M. elliptica Hook. f.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922)514; — M. lancifolia Hook. f.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 514. Sabia erratica P.M. v.p. WATER; VAN BEUSEKOM & VAN DE WATER, FI. Males. I 10* (1989) 684; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 125. SANTALACEAE Dendrotrophe buxifolia (BL.) Mig.; WuiTmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 342; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 128; — Henslowia buxifolia BL.; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 133; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 170; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 456. Dendrotrophe varians (BL.) Mig.; WHITMORE, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 342; — Henslowia lobbiana A. DC.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 133; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 169; — Henslowia minor RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 167; — Henslowia philippinensis A. DC.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 168; — Henslowia ridleyi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 167; — Henslowia varians Bu.; Riww.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 170; — Henslowia wrayi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 168. 207 208 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 Z204 ane bP tn Be 2254 Scleropyrum wallichianum (WiGcHT & ARN.) ARNOTT; WHITMORE, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 343; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 128; — S. maingayi Hook. f.; Riwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 133; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 171; —S. ridleyi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 171. SAPINDACEAE Allophyllus cobbe (L.) RAguscu.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 677; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 436; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 120; — A. fulvinervis BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 489; — A. glaber Roxs.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 489; — A. scandens RIDL. RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 490; —A. ternatus Lour.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 489; — A. villosus RADLK.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 490. Arytera littoralis BL.; Rmiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 507; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya4 (1989) 438; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121. Cardiospermum halicacabum L.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 488; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 59; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 434; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 120. Guioa bijuga (HIERN) RADLK.; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 680; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 441; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 120; — G. pleuropteris var. bijuga KiNG; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 505. Guioa pleuropteris (BL.) RADLK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 505; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 680; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 442; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 120. Guioa pubescens (Z. & M.) RADLK.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 506; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 681; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 442; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 120. Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxs.) LEENH., Blumea 17 (1969) 82; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 446; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 120; — Erioglossum edule BL.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 492; — Lepisanthes hirta Riwv.; Riwiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 494; — Erioglossum rubiginosum (RoxB.) BL.; CORNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 587; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 679. Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxs.) RADLK.; VAN DER HAM, Blumea 23 (1977) 271; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 449; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 120; — M. fuscescens BL.; RiDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; —M. sumatranus BL.; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 508; Burk, Dict. (1935) 1480; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 589; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 681. Mischocarpus sundaicus BL.; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 1479; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 589; VAN DER Ham, Blumea 23 (1977) 281; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 681; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 449; — M. lessertianus Riwv.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 508; BurkKiLL, Dict. (1935) 1479. 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 Nephelium cuspidatum BL. var. eriopetalum (Mig.) LEENH., Blumea 31 (1986) 389; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 452; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121;—N. eriopetalum Mig.; Rwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 502; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 684. Nephelium lappaceum L.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; LEENHOUTS, Blumea 31 (1986) 398; CorNgER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 684; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 453; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121. Nephelium laurinum BL.; LEENHOouTs, Blumea 31 (1986) 404; Yap, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 453; —N. rubescens Hiern; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66 (“rufescens”); RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 500; EJHC2 593; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 686; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121; — N. caudifolium Riwi.; RiDvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 500; — N. herveyi RwDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 500, p.p. Nephelium ramboutan-ake (LABILL.) LEENH., Blumea 31 (1986) 415; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 454; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121; —N. chryseum (non BL.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66 (cult.); —N. mutabile BL.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 501; CorNgrR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 686. Paranephelium macrophyllum Kino; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 509; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 594; Davips, Blumea 29 (1984) 432; CorNgErR, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 686; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 456; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121. Pometia pinnata Forst.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 504; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 688; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 457; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 121; —P. alnifolia RADLK.; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 504; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 688; — P. gracilis Kinc; Riwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; — P. macrocarpa Kurz; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 503. Trigonachras acuta (HIERN) RADLK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 507; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 596; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 689; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 459; KeEnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121. Xerospermum laevigatum RADLK.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 497; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 2272; LEENHOouTs, Blumea 28 (1983) 391; Yap, Tree FI. Malaya4 (1989) 461; —X. unijugum RADLK.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 497. Xerospermum noronhianum BL .; LEENHOUTS, Blumea 28 (1983) 394; Yap, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 461; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121; — X. muricatum RADLK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; CorNER, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 456; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 690; — X. wallichii KinGc; Rww.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 66; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 498; Burk, Dict. (1935) 2272; —X. echinulatum RADLK.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 497; — X. intermedium RADLK.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. | (1922) 497. 209 210 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 SAPOTACEAE Chrysophyllum lanceolatum (BL.) DC.; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 396; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 134; — C. roxburghii G. Don; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 257. Ganua kingiana (BRACE) VAN DEN AssEm; NG, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 399; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 134; — Bassia kingiana BRAcE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106 (“kingii”); RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 267; — Madhuca kingiana (BRAcE) LAM; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 319. Ganua motleyana (DE VR.) PIERRE ex DuBARD; NG, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 399; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 134; — Bassia kingiana BRAcE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 271; — Madhuca kingiana auct., non (BRACE) LaM; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 320; — G. scortechinii K. & G.) LAM; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1045. Ganua sessilis (KING & GAMBLE) LAm; No, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 399; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 134; — Payena sessilis K. & G.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 265. Madhuca decipiens Sinciair; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 405; — Payena grandiflora Rwv.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 262, p.p.. Madhuca malaccensis (CLARKE) Lam; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 319; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 407; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 134; — Bassia malaccensis (CLARKE) K. & G.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 268; — Bassia elongata (non Mig.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 272. 2270a Madhuca sericea (Miq.) LaM var. sericea; Nc, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 410; — Bassia argentea CLARKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 270. 2270b Madhuca sericea var. ridleyi (GANDOGER) Nc; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 2271 2212 2273 2274 2275 410; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 134. Palaquium gutta (Hook. f.) BAILL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 274; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 420; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 695; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 134; — Dichopsis gutta (Hook. f.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106. Palaquium hexandrum (GriFF.) BAILL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 277; Nea, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 421; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135. Palaquium microphyllum KiNG & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 276; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 423; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135. Palaquium obovatum (GriFr.) ENGL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 273; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 423; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 695; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 135; —Dichopsis obovata (GriFF.) CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106. Palaquium oxleyanum Pierre; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 275; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 424; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135. 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 Palaquium ridleyi Kinc & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 276; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 426; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135; — Mimusops hexandra Roxs.; RID.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106. Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 426; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135; — P. bancanum Burck; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 275; — P. calophylloides Riw_.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 276; — Bassia cuneata BL. sensu RD_ey (Ridley 6502, see Ng loc. cit. 413); RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 272. Palaquium xanthochymum (DE VR.) PIERRE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 275; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 428; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135; — Dichopsis rubens CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106. Payena leerii (T. & B.) Kurz; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 106; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 263; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 438. One dubiously localised sheet. Payena lucida (G. Don) DC.; RiDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 263; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 1| (1972) 433; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135; — P. dasyphylla (Miq.) PreRRE var. glabrata K. & G.; RiDvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 265. Payena maingayi CLARKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 262; No, Tree FI. Malaya | (1972) 433; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135; —P. grandiflora RW .; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 262, p.p. Payena obscura Burck; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 433; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 135; — P. havilandii K. & G.; Rw ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 263. Planchonella maingayi (CLARKE) VAN Royen; No, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 436; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135; — Sideroxylon maingayi CLARKE; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105; Rmpey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 258; — Lucuma maingayi (CLARKE) DUBARD; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 1369. Planchonella obovata (R. Br.) PIERRE; BURKILL, Dict. (1935) 1765; No, Tree FI. Malaya 1 (1972) 437; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 696; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 135; — Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hook. & ARN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 259. Pouteria malaccensis (CLARKE) BAEHNI; NG, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 438; KeEnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 135; — Sideroxylon malaccense CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 105; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 258; Lucuma malaccensis (CLARKE) DUBARD. SARCOSPERMATACEAE Sarcosperma paniculatum (KING) Stapr & KING; KING & GAMBLE, J. As. Soc. Bengal 74 (1905) 160; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 260; Lam, FI. Males. I 4! (1948) 32; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 440. 211 212 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 I Boe fa. 2294 2295 2296 2297 SAXIFRAGACEAE Polyosma conocarpa RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 684; Saw, Tree FI. Malaya 4 (1989) 464; — P. integrifolia BL. var. mutabilis KHULZE-MENZ; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 25. Polyosma kingiana ScHLTR.; SAw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 466; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 25; — P. flavo-virens RiDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 686. Polyosma ridleyi KiNG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 78; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 686; Saw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 468. SCHISANDRACEAE Kadsura scandens BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 38; RiDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 20; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 9; — K. cauliflora BL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 38; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 20. SCROPHULARIACEAE Adenosma indicum (Lovur.) Merr.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; — A. capitatum BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 474; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 330. Adenosma inopinatum Prain; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 474; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; — A. caeruleum R. Br.; RiDvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 474; HENpErRson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 330. Adenosma javanicum (BL.) Koorpb.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; — A. ovatum BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 474; HENpgERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 329. Bacopa monnieri (L.) PENNELL; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; Corterrt, J. Biogeog. 19 (1992) 427; — Herpestis monnieri (L.) H.B.K.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 475. Centranthera tranquebarica (SpreENG.) MERR.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; — C. humifusa WaALL.; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 487. Legazpia polygonoides (BENTH.) YAMAZAKI, J. Jap. Bot.; 30 (1955) 359; — Torenia polygonoides Bentu.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 482; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 331; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 180. Limnophila chinensis (OsB.) Merr. ssp. aromatica (LAM.) YAMAZAKI; YAMAZAKI, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo II 13 (1985) 600; —L. gratissima BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 478; — L. aromatica (LAMK.) MERR.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. . Dic. (1959) 327; Puitcox, Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 145; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 179. 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 Limnophila laxa BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 478; PHitcox, Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 161; Keno, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; — L. pulcherrima [non (GriFF.) Hook. f.] Hook. f.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118, p.p. Limnophila sessiliflora (VAHL) BL.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 478; PuiLcox, Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 112; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 179. Limnophila villosa BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 477; Puttcox, Kew Bull. 24 (1970) 141; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; —L. pulcherrima sensu RDL.; Rp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118, p.p. Lindernia anagallis (Burm. f.) PENNELL; PHILCox, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 45; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 179; — Vandellia pedunculata BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 481; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 333. Lindernia antipoda (L.) Atston; PHiLcox, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 57; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; — Bonnaya veronicaefolia (RETZ.) SPRENG.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 486; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 334. Lindernia ciliata (COLSM.) PENNELL; PHILCOx, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 51; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 179; — Bonnaya brachiata Link & Orto; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 485. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.v.MUELL.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 333; PHitcox, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 17; KEeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 180; — Vandellia crustacea (L.) BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 479. Lindernia elata (BENTH.) WeETTST.; YAMAZAKI, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. III 13 (1981) 20; — Vandellia elata BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 481. Lindernia pusilla (WILLD.) BOLDINGH; PHILCOx, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 41; — Vandellia scabra BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 480. Lindernia ruelliides (CoLsM.) PENNELL; PHiLcox, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 54: KeENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 180; — Bonnaya reptans (ROxB.) SPRENG.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 485. Lindernia sessiliflora (BENTH.) WETTST.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 24; PuiLcox, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 10; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 180; — L. nummulariifolia (D. Don) Wetrtst.; Situ, FI. Vit. Nov. 5 (1991) 80. Lindernia viscosa (HORNEM.) BOLDINGH; PHILCOx, Kew Bull. 22 (1968) 38: YAMAZAKI, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1981) 34; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 180; — Vandellia hirsuta Ham. ex BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 118; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 480. Mazus pumilus (Buro. f.) VAN STEEN.; CRAMER, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 3 (1981) 445; — M. rugosus Lovur.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 117; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 473; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 180. 23 214 2311 2512 2313 2314 £313 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 Microcarpaea minima (Koen. ex Retz.) MERR.; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 180; — M. muscosa R. Br.; RIw_ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 486. Scoparia dulcis L.; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 488; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 328; Cortetrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 180. Stemodia verticillata (MILL.) HASsLer; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 24. Striga asiatica (L.) O.K1Tze.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 328; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 180; — S. lutea Lour.; RID_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 119; — S. hirsuta BENTH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 487. SIMAROUBACEAE Ailanthus integrifolia Lam.; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 346. Brucea javanica (L.) MerR.; NooTEBOooM, FI. Males. 167 (1962) 211; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 348; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 698; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 99; — B. sumatrana Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 361; — B. amarissima DEsv. ex Gomes; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 603. Eurycoma longifolia Jack; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 362; BurkKILL, Dict. (1935) 984; CorNgr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 604; Nootesoom, Fl. Males. I 6? (1962) 205; KocHuMMeN, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 349; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 699; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 99. Irvingia malayana OLIV. ex BENN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 364; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 604; Nooresoom, FI. Males. I 6? (1962) 225; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 350; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 699; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 99. Quassia indica (GAERTN.) Nootes.; Nooresoom, Fl. Males. I 6* (1962) 199; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 352; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 99; — Samadera indica GAERTN.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 363; BurKILL, Dict. (1935) 1945. SMILACACEAE Heterosmilax indica A. DC.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 90; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 108; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 344; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 118. Smilax bracteata Pres_ var. barbata (WALL. ex DC.) KoyAMaA; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 119; —S. barbata WALL. ex DC.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 106; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 342; HeNperson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 181. 2322 2323 2324 PS a 2326 pO 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 Smilax calophylla WaLL. ex DC.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 102; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 339; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 180; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 119. Smilax carbularia KUNTH. var. woodii (MERR.) KoyAMA; — S. woodii MERR.; Sinciair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 36. Smilax leucophylla BL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 106; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 343; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 119. Smilax megacarpa DC.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 104; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 341; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 180; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 119. Smilax myosotiflora DC.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 168; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 103; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 340; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 180; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 119. SOLANACEAE Physalis minima L.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 470; HENDerson, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 325; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 177. Solanum ferox L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 467; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 177. Solanum nigrum L.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 117; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 465; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 323; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 178. Solanum sarmentosum NEEs; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 117; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 469; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Solanum torvum Sw.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 117; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 468; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 324; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 178. SONNERATIACEAE Sonneratia alba J.J. SmirH; BACKER & VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 285; Wuitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 445; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 476; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 83; — S. griffithii (non Kurz) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 825, p.p.; Watson, Malay. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 120. Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) ENGL.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 2052; BACKER & VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 283; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 445; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 476; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 83; S. acida L. f.; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 825; Watson, Malay. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 121. 215 216 2334 2335 2336 2a31 2338 P Sao 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 Sonneratia ovata BACKER; BACKER & VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 285; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 37; WuiTmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 445; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 476; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 84; — §. alba (non J.J. Smit) Rwwe.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 86; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 825; Watson, Malay. For. Rec. 6 (1928) 120. STAPHYLEACEAE Turpinia sphaerocarpa HaAssk.; VAN DER LINDEN, FI. Males. I 6! (1960) 57; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya | (1972) 448; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 121; — T. pomifera [non (RoxB.) DC.] Kina, RIpDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 67; —T. latifolia WALL. ex RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 512; —T. laxiflora RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 512; VAN DER LINDEN, FI. Males. I 6! (1960) ay, STERCULIACEAE Byttneria maingayi Mast.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 286; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1983) 198; KENa, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92. Commersonia bartramia (L.) MerRr.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 357; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 704; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92; —C. platyphylla ANpr.; RID_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; RmDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 288. Heritiera borneensis (MERR.) KOSTERM.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 360; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92; — Tarrietia unifoliata Rwv.; RID.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 279. Heritiera elata RipL.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 280; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 361; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92; — Heritiera sp.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53. Heritiera littoralis DRYAND. ex W. Airt.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 279; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 361; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 708; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92. Heritiera simplicifolia (MAstT.) KosTERM.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 363; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92; — Tarrietia simplicifolia MAst.; Ripbey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 278. Kleinhovia hospita L.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 280; KocHuMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 364; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 708; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92. Melochia corchorifolia L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 284; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 41; KoCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 366; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 92. Pterocymbium tubulatum (Mast.) Pierre; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 277; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 367; MAxweLL, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 232; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92. 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2554 y 2 mY 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 Pterospermum diversifolium BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; RIDLeY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 282; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 368; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 710; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92. Pterospermum javanicum JUNGH.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 368; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 710; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92; P. blumeanum Kortu.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; RIDLEy, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 283. Scaphium linearicarpum (Mast.) Pierre; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 275; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 374; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 714; Kenca, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 92. Scaphium macropodum (Miqg.) BEUMEE ex HEYNE; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 374; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 714; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 93; — Sterculia scaphigera KiNG; Rwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 52; — S. affine (Mast.) PIERRE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 275. Sterculia bicolor Mast.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 274; KocHumMMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 378; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 93. Sterculia coccinea JAcK; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 377; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 715; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 93; — S. laevis WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 52; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 269. Sterculia cordata BL.; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 378; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 93; — S. javanica R. Br.; Riwvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 274. Sterculia elongata RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 270; KocHuMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 377; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 93. Sterculia macrophylla VeEntT.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 52; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 268; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 382; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 716; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 93. Sterculia parviflora Roxs.; RIp.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 52; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 271; KocHuUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 382; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 716; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 93. Sterculia rubiginosa VENT.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 52; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 271; KocHuMMgn, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 378; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 717; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 93. Waltheria indica L.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 285; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 41; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 23. STYRACACEAE Styrax benzoin Dryanp.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 297; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2105; VAN STEENIS, Fl. Males. I 4* (1949) 52; Putz & NG, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 263; KEeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 136. 2A7 218 2358 ai 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 Styrax crotonoides CLARKE; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 298; BurkILL, Dict. (1935) 2107; VAN STEENIS, FI. Males. I 4? (1949) 53; Putz & Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 263; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 137. SYMPLOCACEAE Symplocos adenophylla WALL. ex G. Don; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 303; NooTtesoom; Fl. Males. I 8 (1977) 239; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 268; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 137. Symplocos barringtonifolia BRAND; Nooresoom; Fl. Males. I 8? (1977) 242; KOcHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 268; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 137; — S. rigida CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 306. Symplocos celastrifolia Grirr. ex CLARKE; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; ; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 302; Nooresoom; FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 244; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 269; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 137. Symplocos fasciculata ZoLL.; Rwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 301; CorNngr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 622; Noortesoom; FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 259; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 270; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 718; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 137. Symplocos lucida (THuns.) S. & Z.; NooTEBOOM; FI. Males. I 8* (1977) 264; — S. ridleyi KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 302; — Symplocos sp. “Donoon”; Rip_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 108. Symplocos odoratissima (BL.) CHorsy ex ZOLL.; K&G 233; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 299: NooreBoom; FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 266; KocHumMgEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 272; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 137; — S. pulverulenta K. & G.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 300. Symplocos rubiginosa WALL. ex DC.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 107; Riwvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 306; Nootesoom; FI. Males. I 8? (1977) 271; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 273; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 137. TACCACEAE Tacca integrifolia KER-GAWL.; DRENTH, Fl. Males. 17(4) 811, Kenc, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 121, —T. cristata Jack; RIw_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 167, Ripi., Riptey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) (1907) 77; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 310; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 187; — T. chantrieri (non ANDRE) RIpL. RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 309. Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) O. KUNTZE; DrenTH, Fl. Males. I 7(4) 809; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 121, — T. pinnatifida J. R. & G. Forst.; RIDt., Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) (1907) 76; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 309; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 36; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 188. 2368 2369 2370 2371 2aFL 2313 2374 2375 2376 2aI7 2378 2379 TETRAMERISTACEAE Tetramerista glabra Miqg.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 57; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 367; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 470; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50. THEACEAE Adinandra acuminata KortTu.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 194; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 277; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 721; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50. Adinandra dumosa Jack; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 194; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 278; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 721; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50. Adinandra integerrima T. ANpDgRs. ex Dyer; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 196; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 279; —A. hullettii Kinc; R.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 196; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 50. Eurya acuminata DC.; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 199; Kena, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 282; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 722; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 50; — E. monticola RiwL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 199. Gordonia multinervis KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 203; Kena, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 286; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50. Gordonia penangensis RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 203; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 286; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50; — G. excelsa (non BL.) KinG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 49. Gordonia singaporiana WALL. ex RIDL.; RIDLEy, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 202; KENG, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 286; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 723; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50. Pyrenaria acuminata PLANcH. ex Cuoisy; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 49; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 200; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 290; CorNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 725; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50. Ternstroemia bancana Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 197; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 293; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50; —Adinandra miquelii KinG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48. Ternstroemia penangiana Cuolsy; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48, p.p.; Rww.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 197; Kena, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 295. Ternstroemia wallichiana (Grirr.) ENGL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 198; KeEnG, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 295; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 50; — T. penangiana (non Cuotsy) Dyer; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 48, p.p. a3 220 2380 2381 2382 2383 - 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 THY MELAEACEAE Aquilaria hirta RIDL.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 148; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. 1 6' (1960) 12; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 385; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 86; — A. grandiflora; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132. Aquilaria malaccensis LAMK.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 132; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 147; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 632; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 6' (1960) 9; Wuirmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 385; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 729; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 86. Aquilaria microcarpa BatLL.; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6' (1960) 9; Wuirmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 385. Enkleia malaccensis Grirr.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 147; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6! (1960) 25; Wuitmoreg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 384; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 86; — Linostoma scandens Kurz; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 133. Linostoma pauciflorum Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 133; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 146; Dinc Hou, Fl. Males. I 6! (1960) 27; Wuitmorg, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 384; KEN, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 86. Wikstroemia ridleyi GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 146; Dinc Hou, FI. Males. I 6' (1960) 34; Cor.ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 86. TILIACEAE Brownlowia argentata Kurz; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 394; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 732; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87; — B. riedelii HEMSL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 84; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 292; Watson, Malay. Forest Rec. 6 (1928) 77; — B. lepidota Wars.; RIpD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 84 (presumably B. lanceolata of Riotey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53). Brownlowia tersa (L.) KosTERM.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 394; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 732; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87; — B. lanceolata BENTH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 84; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 291; Watson, Malay. Forest Rec. 6 (1928) 77; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 38; SincLair, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 29. Corchorus aestuans L.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 43; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 87; — C. acutangulus LaMk.; Riwey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 306; Cor.etr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Grewia acuminata Juss.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 397; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 88; — G. umbellata Roxs.; Riwcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 300. 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 Microcos blattaefolia (CorNER) Rao; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 48 (1949) 300; — Grewia latifolia (non MUELL. ex BENTH.) Mast.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 300; — Grewia blattaefolia CORNER; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 399; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 733; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88. Microcos hirsutus (KorTH.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin. 9 (1926) 764; — G. fibrocarpa (non Mast.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; — G. omphacarpa Miq.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 301; — Grewia hirsuta [non VAHL] (KoRTH.) KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 397; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88. Pentace triptera Mast.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 53; RIDLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 293; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 407; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88. Triumfetta pseudo-cana Spr. & Crais; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 304; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 45; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 89. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacg.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 54; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 303; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 88. TRIGONIACEAE Trigoniastrum hypoleucum Miq.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 45; RIpDLeyY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 142; Burk, Dict. (1935) 2182; VAN STEENIS, FI. Males. I 47 (1949) 59; Na, Tree Fl. Malaya 1 (1972) 449; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 103. TRIURIDACEAE Sciaphila maculata Miers; vAN DE MEERENDONK, FI. Males. I 10' (1984) 113; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 115; —S. affinis Becc.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 179; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 126; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 364; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 203; Sciaphila tenella BL.; vAN DE MEERENDONK, FI. Males. I 10! (1984) 113. TURNERACEAE Turnera subulata J.E. Smiryu; BAcKER, Fl. Males. I 4° (1951) 236; Cortetrt, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 42; — T. trioniflora Sims; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 838; BurkiLL, Dict. (1935) 2193. Turnera ulmifolia L.; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 838; BurkmLL, Dict. (1935) 2194; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 169; Backer, Fl. Males. 1 4° (1951) 237; CorLeTT, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 42. TYPHACEAE Typha angustifolia L.; Backer, Fl. Males. 14° (1951) 243; Taneral., Gard. Bull. Sing. 44 (1992) 132. —T. angustata Bory & CHAUBARD; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 211; 221 peed 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 ULMACEAE Gironniera hirta RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 321; Soppapmo, Tree FI. Malaya 2 (1973) 417; SoePApMo, Fl. Males. I. 8(1) 74. Gironniera nervosa PLANCH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; Ripcey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 320; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 688; SOEPADMO, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 419; SoepApMmo, Fl. Males. I. 8(1) 74; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 736; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 66. Gironniera parvifolia PLANCH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 321; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 689; SoOEPADMO, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 419; SoepApMmo, Fl. Males. I. 8(1) 75; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 736; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 66. Gironniera subaequalis PLANCH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 320; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 690; SOEPADMO, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 419; Soepapmo, Fl. Males. I. 8(1) 75; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 736; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 66. Trema angustifolia (PLANCH.) BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 319; SoepApmo, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 421; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I. 8(1) 54; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 738; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 66. Trema cannabina Lour.; SOEPADMO, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 421; SoEPADMo, Fl. Males. I. 8(1) 50; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 738; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 66; — T. timorensis (DECNE) BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; — T. virgata (PLANCH.) BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 319. Trema tomentosa (RoxB.) HARA; SOEPADMO, Tree Fl. Malaya 2 (1973) 423; SOEPADMO, FI. Males. I. 8(1) 53; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 739; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 66; — T. orientalis (non (L.) BL.) RiDe.; Rwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 143; — T. amboinensis (WILLD.) BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 319. UMBELLIFERAE Centella asiatica (L.) Urs.; BUwALDA, Fl. Males. I 4? (1949) 117; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 132; — Hydrocotyle asiatica L.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 88; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 869; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 174. Eryngium foetidum L.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89; RipLey, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 870; Buwa.pa, Fl. Males. I 4* (1949) 126; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 175; Corer, J. Biogeog. (1988) 661; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 132. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides LAmk.; BUWALDA, FI. Males. 14? (1949) 115; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 132; — H. rotundifolia Roxs.; Riwvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 89; Ripey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 870. | 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 URTICACEAE Boehmeria nivea (L.) GAupD.; CHEw, FI. Aust. 3 (1989) 85; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 67. Laportea interrupta (L.) CHEw; CHEw, Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 145; Saw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 473; Cuew, Fl. Aust. 3 (1989) 73; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 67; — Fleurya interrupta (L.) WicuT; RIpLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 148; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 359; HENpgrRson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 467. Nothocnide mollissima (BL.) CHEw, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 365; Saw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 473; — Pipturus mollissimus (BL.) WEbD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 148; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 367; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 468; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 68. Pellionia repens (Lour.) MErR.; Y AHARA, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III 13 (1984) 485; — P. duveauana N.E. Br.; Riptey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 362; — Elatostema repens (Lour.) HALL. f.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 470; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 67. Pilea microphylla (L.) LizesM.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 46; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 67; —P. muscosa LINDL.; Ripey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 148; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 361. Pipturus argenteus (Forst. f.) WepDp.; SAw, Tree Fl. Malaya 4 (1989) 476; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 67. Poikilospermum cordifolium (BARG.-PETR.) MERR.; CHEW, Gard. Bull. Sing. 20 (1963) 66; — Conocephalus amoenus KiNG ex Hook. f.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 148; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 357. Poikilospermum suaveolens (BL.) MeErRR.; CHEw, Gard. Bull. Sing. 20 (1963) 88; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 68; — Conocephalus suaveolens BL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 148; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 357. Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) BENN.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 469; CuHEw, Fl. Aust. 3 (1989) 86; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 68; — P. indica L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 148; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 366. VERBENACEAE Callicarpa longifolia Lamx.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 616; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 301; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 192. Callicarpa maingayi KiInc & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 615; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 302. Clerodendrum deflexum WALL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 124; RIpD.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 624 (incl. var. bracteatum RIDL.); KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 745; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 192. 223 224 2423 2424 2425 2426 bee” 9.5 2428 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) GAerTN.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; Ripvey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 624; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 385; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 193. Clerodendrum laevifolium BL.; KocHuMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 305; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 746; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 193; — C. dispariifolium BL.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; Ripey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 625. Clerodendrum phyllomega Stevup. var. myrmecophilum (RIDL.) MOLDENKE; KOcHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 193; — C. myrmecophilum Rivt.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 124; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 627; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 386. Clerodendrum villosum BL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 124; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 627; KocHuMMEn, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 746; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 193. Duranta erecta L.; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 747; KEeNG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 193. Gmelina asiatica L.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 622; KocHUMMegn, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 306; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 748; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 193. Gmelina elliptica J.E. SmirH; KocHumMMen; Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 748; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 193; — G. villosa RoxB.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 623. Gmelina philippinensis CHAM.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 748; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 194; G. hystrix SCHULTES; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; Rm ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 623. Lantana camara L.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 122; Cortetr, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 194; — L. aculeata L.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 612; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 382. Lantana indica Roxs.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 122; Rip.ey, FI. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 612. Peronema canescens JAckK; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 35 (1901) 89; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 636; KocHUMMEnN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 749; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 194. Phyla nodiflora (L.) GREENE; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 298; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 194; — Lippia nodiflora (L.) Micu.; Rw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 122; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 612; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 383. | 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 Premna corymbosa (Bur. f.) RoTtL. & WILLD.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 308; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 194; — P. integrifolia L.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123 (var. angustior CLARKE); RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 619; — P. angustior (CLARKE) RIDL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 619; — P. littoralis K. & G.; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 618; — P. obtusifolia R. Br.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 750, p.p. Premna foetida REINw. ex BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 619; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 307; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 194; —P. obtusifolia R. Br.; CORNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 750, p.p. Premna parasitica BL.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br.R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 307; Kenc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 194; — P. trichostoma Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 620. Premna punctulata CLARKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 620; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 307; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 194. Premnaridleyi KING & GAMBLE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 621; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 307; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 194. Sphenodesme pentandra Jack; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 124; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 639; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 381; Munir, Gard. Bull. Sing. 21 (1966) 357; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 194. Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L.C. Ricu.) VAHL; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1953) 34; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663. Stachytarpheta indica (L.) VAHL; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 122; RIp.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 613; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 383; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 195. Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) VAHL; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 613; Cor ett, J. Biogeog. (1988) 663; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 195. Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacg.) VAHL; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 122; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 613; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 195. Teijsmanniodendron coriaceum (CLARKE) KOSTERM.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 308; KEeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 195; — Vitex coriacea CLARKE; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 632; CorNgr, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 708; CoRNER, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 753. Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) BAKH.; KOCHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 309; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 195; — Vitex peralata KiNG; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 634; Corner, Ways. Trees Ist ed. (1940) 709; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 754; — Vitex pteropoda Miq.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 633. Vitex gamosepala Grirr.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 635; KocHUMMEN, Tree FI. Malaya 3 (1978) 310; CorNgr, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 753. pS he 226 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 2456 2457 2458 2459 Vitex negundo L.; Riw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 631; KocHumMen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 753; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 195. Vitex pinnata L.; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; Kena, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 195; — V. pubescens V AHL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 632; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 754. Vitex trifolia L.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; Ripiey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 630; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 755; KeNnG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 195. Vitex vestita WALL. ex SCHAU.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 123; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 635; KocHUMMEN, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 313; Corner, Ways. Trees, 3rd ed. (1988) 756; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 195. VIOLACEAE Rinorea anguifera (Lour.) O.K.; Jacops & Moors, Fl. Males. 17! (1971) 183; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 315; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 40; — Alsodeia echinocarpa KortH.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 43; RIDLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 134; Rinorea lanceolata (WALL.) O.K.; Jacops & Moore, Fl. Males. 17! (1971) 187; Ne, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 318; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 40; — Alsodeia floribunda Kinc; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 44; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 132; —A. grandiflora Rw ., RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 132. VITACEAE Ampelocissus ascendiflora Latirr; Latirr, Fed. Mus. J.n.s.27 (1982) 87; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 117. Ampelocissus cinnamomea (WALL.) PLANCH.; LATIFF, Fed. Mus. J. n.s. 27 (1982) 88; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 117; — Vitis cinnamomea WALL.; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 472. Ampelocissus elegans (KURZ) GAGNEP.; LATIFF, Fed. Mus. J. n.s. 27 (1982) 89; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 117; — Vitis elegans Kurz; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 473; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 56. Ampelocissus gracilis (WALL.) PLANCH.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 117; — Vitis gracilis WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 472; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 55. Ampelocissus polystachya (WALL.) PLANCH.; LATiFr, Fed. Mus. J. n.s. 27 (1982) 91; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118; — Vitis polythyrsa Kine; RIw.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; — Vitis polystachya WALL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 473. Ampelocissus thyrsiflora (BL.) PLANCH.; Latirr, Fed. Mus. J. n.s. 27 (1982) 90; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118. 2460 2461 2462 2463 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 Cayratia mollissima (WaALL.) GaGnep.; LATiFF, Sains Malaysiana 10 (1981) 136; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118; — Vitis mollissima WALL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 478. Cayratia novemfolia (WALL. ex Laws.) Burk.; Latirr, Sains Malaysiana 10 (1981) 138; KeNc, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118; — Vitis novemfolia WaALL.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 479. Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118; — Vitis trifolia L.; Rw ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65; RmwLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 478; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 57. Cissus hastata (Mig.) PLANCH.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118; — Vitis hastata Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 478; HENDERson, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 56. Cissus nodosa BL.; Latirr, Malay. Nat. J. 42 (1988) 33; — Vitis cerasiformis TEYSM.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; — Vitis glaberrima WALL; Rip.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 477; — Cissus glaberrima (WALL.) PLANCH.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118. Cissus repens LAmMK.; LatiFr, Malay. Nat. J. 42 (1988) 34; KenG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118; — Vitis repens W. & A.; Rwwiey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 477; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 55; — Vitis diffusa Mig.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 477; — Cissus diffusa (Mig.) AMSH.; KENG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 118. Cissus rostrata (Mig.) PLANCH.; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 118; — Vitis furcata LAws.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 476. Nothocissus spicifera (Grirr.) LATiFF; LAtirF, Fed. Mus. J. n.s. 27 (1982) 71; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 118;— Vitis macrostachya Mig.; RDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 472. Pterisanthes cissoides BL.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 482; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Dic. (1959) 58; Latirr, Fed. Mus. J. n.s. 27 (1982) 48; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 119. Pterisanthes eriopoda (Miq.) PLANCH.; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 481; LatirF, Fed. Mus. J. n.s. 27 (1982) 57; Kena, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 119. Pterisanthes polita (Miq.) Laws.; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Dic. (1959) 58; Latirr, Fed. Mus. J. n.s. 27 (1982) 53; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 119; — P. coriacea KorTH. ex KING; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 65; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 480. Tetrastigma curtisii (RIDL.) SEUSSENG.; LaTiFr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 223; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 119; — Vitis curtisii Rwi.; RI ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 474. 27 228 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 Tetrastigma lanceolarium (Roxs.) PLANCH.; Latirr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 222; KENG, Conc. FI. Sing. (1990) 119; — Vitis kunstleri Kinc; RID.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 475; — Vitis lanceolarium (RoxB.) WALL.; RIDLEY, FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 475. Tetrastigma lawsoni (KING) Burk.; BuRKILL, Dict. (1935) 2286; Latirr, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 220; KeNG, Conc. Fl. Sing. (1990) 119; — Vitis lawsoni KinG; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 64; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 474. XYRIDACEAE Xyris complanata R. Br.; vAN Royen, Fl. Males. I. 369; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 193; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 126; —X. anceps (non LAMK.) VAHL; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169. Xyris pauciflora WILLD.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 112; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 348; van Royen, Fl. Males. I. 371; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 194; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 126; —X. schoenoides (non Mart.) RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 169. ZANNICHELLIACEAE Cymodocea rotundata EHRENB. & Hemp. ex ASCHERS.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 25; DEN HartToa, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 166; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 115. Cymodocea serrulata (R. Br.) ASCHERS. & MAGNus; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 27; DEN Hartoc, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 171; KENG, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 115. Halodule pinifolia (Miki) DEN HartoG; DEN HArTOG, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 158. Halodule uninervis (Forsk.) ASCHERS.; DEN HArtToG, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 147; — H. tridentata F.v.M.; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) LYS: Syringodium isoetifolium (AscHERS.) DANDY; DEN HARTOG, The Sea-grasses of the World (1970) 177; — Cymodocea isoetifolia ASCHERS.; SINCLAIR, Gard. Bull. Sing. 15 (1956) 25; Kena, Gard. Bull. Sing. 40 (1987) 115. ZINGIBERACEAE Alpinia aquatica (RetTz.) Roscoe; Smiru, Edinb. J. Bot. 47 (1990) 45; — A. melanocarpa (T. & B.) Riwi. ; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 48; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 279; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 150; — Languas melanocarpa (T. & B.) Burx.; Ho_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 159. Alpinia conchigera Grirr.; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 47; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 278; Ho_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 142; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 147. 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw.; Ripcey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; RIDLEY, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 48; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 279; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 150; Smit, Edinb. J. Bot. 47 (1990) 45; — Languas galanga (L.) Stuntz; Ho.trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 157. Alpinia mutica Roxs.; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 49; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 279; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 150; Smrru, Edinb. J. Bot. 47 (1990) 51; — Catimbium muticum (Roxs.) Hoitr.; HOLTTuM, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 150. Alpinia rafflesiana WALL. ex BAKER; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 50; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 281; HoL_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 144; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 148. Amomum hastilabium RIDL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165: Rip.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 33; RmpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 266; Ho_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 203. Amomum xanthophlebium Bak.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 31; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 263; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 198; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 159. Costus globosus BL.; RIpD.ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 25; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 256; Ho.ttum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 243; HENDERsoN, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 136. Costus lucanusianus J. BRAUN & K. Scu. Costus speciosus (KOENIG) SMITH; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RIp.ey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 24; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 256; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 242; HENDERsoN, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 136. Elettariopsis curtisii BAk.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 42; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 274; Hottrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 217; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 159; — E. /Jatiflora Rwe.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 91900) 166. Etlingera littoralis (KONIG) GisEKE; Burtt & Situ, Notes R. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 43 (1986) 240; — Achasma megalocheilos Grirr.; HoLttuM, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 191; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 157; — Hornstedtia megalocheilos (GriFr.) RIDL.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 16; RIDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 3 (1907)8; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 270. Etlingera punicea (Roxs.) R.M. Situ, Notes R. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 43 (1986) 249; — Hornstedtia macrocheilos (Grirr.) RipL.; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 9; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4(1924) 271; —Achasma macrocheilos GrirF.; Hottrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 188; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild FI. Monoc. (1954) 157. 229 230 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 Globba leucantha Mia.; RIDLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 6; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 238; Ho.trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 26; HENDERson, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 137; Lim, Notes R. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 31 (1972) 267. Globba pendula Roxs.; Hottrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 29; Lim, Notes R. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 31 (1972) 264; — G. panicoides Miq.; Rey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 4; RIDLEY, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 235; G. uliginosa Mig.; RIw_ey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 3; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 235. Globba variabilis RipL.; RIpLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 239; HoL_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 37; Lim, Notes R. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 31 (1972) 260. Hornstedtia conica RIDL.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; RipDLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 37; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 268; Ho.ttum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 175. Hornstedtia leonurus (KOENIG) RETZ.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 37; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 269; HoLtrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 177; HENDERSoN, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 155. Hornstedtia scyphifera (KOENIG) STEUD.;HoLtTum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 170; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 155; —H. scyphus Retz.; RIDLEY, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 35; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 267. Plagiostachys lateralis (RipDL.) Ripv.; RIDvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 166; RipLey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 41; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 273; Ho_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 161. 25001 Plagiostachys mucida Hottrum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 162; HENDERSON, 2502 2503 2504 Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 152. Zingiber griffithii Bax.; RipLey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; RIDLEy, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 29; RipLey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 260; Ho.trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 60; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 140. Zingiber puberulum Ripv.; Riptey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; Ripey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 29; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 261; Ho_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 61; HENDERSON, Mal. Wild Fl. Monoc. (1954) 139. Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smit; Ripvey, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) 165; Ripvey, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. (Monoc.) 2 (1907) 27; Ho_trum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 13 (1950) 59; — Z. aromaticum quoad Rip.; Rip.ey, Fl. Mal. Pen. 4 (1924) 259, Pp. - Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr Hsuan Keng for the prolonged loan of his copy of the Flora of Syonan, Dr Hugh Tan and Mr Chua Keng Soon for their assistance and Dr Richard Corlett for his tireless interest in the weeds of Singapore. I am indebted to the Director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens for allowing me to use the facilities of the Gardens’ Herbarium and Library. This research was supported by research grant RP 880301 from the National University of Singapore. References Burkill, I.H., (1935). A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula, Crown Agents for the Colonies, London. Corlett, R.T., (1988). The naturalized flora of Singapore. Journal of Biogeography 15, 657-663. ____. (1992). The naturalized flora of Hong Kong: a comparison with Singapore. Journal of Biogeography 19, 421-430. Corner, E.J.H., (1940). Wayside Trees of Malaya, First Edition, Government Printing Office, Singapore ____. (1952). Wayside Trees of Malaya, Second Edition, Government Printing Office, Singapore ___. (1988). Wayside Trees of Malaya, Third Edition, Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. den Hartog, C., (1970). The sea-grasses of the world, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam. Gilliland, H.B., (1971). A revised flora of Malaya. Vol III. Grasses of Malaya, Botanic Gardens, Singapore. | Henderson, M.R. (1954). Malayan Wild Flowers: Monocotyledons, Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur _____. (1959). Malayan Wild Flowers: Dicotyledons, Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. Holttum, R.E., (1964). A revised flora of Malaya. Vol I. Orchids of Malaya, Government Printing Office, Singapore. ___. (1968). A revised flora of Malaya. Vol II. Ferns of Malaya, Second Edition, Government Printing Office, Singapore. Johnson, A., (1977). A student's guide to the ferns of Singapore Island, Second Edition, Singapore University Press, Singapore. Keng, H., (1973). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (I). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 26, 233-237. ____. (1974a). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (II). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 27, 67-83. ____. (1974b). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (III). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 27, 247-266. ____. (1976). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (IV). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 28, 237-258. ____. (1978). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (V). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 31, 84-113. 231 232 . (1980). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (VI). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 33, 329-367. _____. (1982). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (VII). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 35, 83-103. ____.. (1983). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (VIII). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 36, 103-124. ___.. (1985). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (IX). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 38, 149-174. ____. (1986). Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore (X). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 39, 67-94. _____. (1987). Annotated list of seed plants in Singapore (XI). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 40, 113-132. ____. (1990). The concise flora of Singapore: gymnosperms and dicotyledons, Singapore University Press; Singapore. Kramer, K.U. and Green, P.S., (Eds.) (1990). The families and genera of vascular plants I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Maxwell, J.F., (1982). New and interesting plant records for Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 35, 191-198. ____.. (1983). New and interesting plant records for Singapore, II. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 35, 229-232. Ng, F.S.P. (ed.), (1978). Tree flora of Malaya, Volume 3. Longman Malaysia Sdn. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur. ___. (1989). Tree flora of Malaya, Volume 4. Longman Malaysia Sdn. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur. Piggott, A.G., (1988). Ferns of Malaysia in colour, Tropical Press Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur. Ridley, H.N., (1900). The flora of Singapore. Journal of the Straits’ Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 33, 27-196. _____. (1901). Supplementary notes on the flora of Singapore. Journal of the Straits’ Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 35, 84-90. ____. (1907). Materials for a flora of the Malay Peninsula, Parts I-III, Methodist Publishing House, Singapore. ____. (1908). A list of the ferns of the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Straits’ Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 50, 1-59. _____. (1919). The fern-allies and Characeae of the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Straits’ Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 80, 139-164. ____. (1922-1925). The flora of the Malay Peninsula, Volumes I-V, Reeve & Co., London. Seidenfaden, G. and Wood, J.J., ____. (1992). The orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark. Sinclair, J., (1953). Additions to the flora of Singapore and new localities in Singapore for some plants thought to be extinct. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 14, 30-39. ____. (1956). Additions to the flora of Singapore and new localities in Singapore for some plants thought to be extinct. Part II. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 15, 22-30. Tan, H.T.W., Ali bin Ibrahim, Chua, K.S., Turner, I.M., Wee, Y.C., and Chew, P.T.., (1992). Additions to the flora of Singapore, I. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 44, 127-133. Turner, I.M., Chua, K.S. & Tan, H.T.W., (1990). A checklist of the native and naturalized vascular plants of the Republic of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science 18 & 19, 58-88. Whitmore, T.C. (ed.),(1972). Tree flora of Malaya, Volume 1, Longman Malaysia Sdn. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur. ___.. (1973). Tree flora of Malaya, Volume 2, Longman Malaysia Sdn. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur. ___. (1977). Palms of Malaya, Revised Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 233 234 APPENDIX A: Index of the species listed by Ridley (1900 and 1901) for the flora of Singapore, as they appear (viz. spelling and authorities) in those publications. Numbers represent the taxon in the main list of the present paper. Letters relate to subsequent appendices whither certain species not included in the main list are referred. Ridley was unable to name some collections from Singapore. These he referred to by collection numbers (usually numbers of four digits) or by brief descriptions. Abbreviated versions of these descriptions have been used for the unnamed species in the index. Abrus precatorius L. Abutilon indicum L. Acacia pennata Willd. Acacia pseudo-intsia Miq. Acalypha indica L. Acanthospermum xanthoides DC. Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl Acanthus volubilis Wall. Acorus calamus Acriopsis javanica Acriopsis ridleyi Hook. f. Acronychia porteri Hook. f. Acrostichum aureum L. Actephila javanica Miq. Actinodaphne maingayi Hook. f. Actinodaphne pruinosa Nees Adenanthera bicolor Moon Adenanthera pavonina L. Adenoncos virens Bl. Adenosacme longifolia Wall. Adenosma caeruleum Adenosma capitatum Benth. Adenosma ovatum Benth. Adenostemma viscosum Forst. Adhatoda vasica Nees Adiantum flabellulatum L. Adina rubescens Hemst. Adinandra acuminata Korth. Adinandra dumosa Jack Adinandra hullettii King Adinandra maculosa T. Anders. Adinandra miquelii King Adinandra sp. Aegiceras majus Gaertn. Aeschynanthus lobbiana Hook. Aeschynanthus motleyi Clarke Aeschynanthus radicans Jack Aeschynanthus wallichii R. Br: Aeschynomene indica L. Afzelia retusa Kurz 1315 Aganosma marginata Don B Agathis loranthifolia Salisb. B Agelaea hullettii King 592 Agelaea vestita Hook. f. 591 Agelaea wallichii Hook. f. 592 Ageratum conyzoides L. 556 Aglaia cordata Hiern 1469 Aglaia glabriflora Hiern 1472 Aglaia odoratissima Bl. 1474 Aglaia oligophylla Miq. 1475 Aglaia tenuicaulis Hiern 1481 Aglaia trichostemon Dec. 1482 Aglaonema minus Hook. f. att Aglaonema nitidum N.E. Br. 379 Aglaonema oblongifolium Schott 378 Agrostistachys longifolia Benth. var. malayana 831 Agrostophyllum majus Hook. f. 1735 Agyneia bacciformis Muell. 951 Albizzia lebbek Benth. D Albizzia littoralis Teysm. 1256 Albizzia lucida Benth. B Albizzia moluccana 1333 Albizzia odoratissima Benth. D Albizzia pedicellata Bak. 1255 Alchornea rugosa Muell. 832 Alchornea villosa Muell. 833 Aleurites moluccana Willd. D Allamanda schottii Pohl D Allmania nodiflora R. Br. 235 Allophyllus cobbe L. 2246 Alocasia cucullata Schott D Alocasia denudata Engl. 380 Alocasia indica Schott 381 Alocasia longiloba Miq. C Alocasia macrorrhizos Schott 381 Alpinia galanga L. 2483 Alpinia melanocarpa Rid. 2481 a Alpinia rafflesiana Wall. Alseodaphne costalis Nees Alseodaphne decipiens Hook. f. Alseodaphne lucida Nees Alseodaphne umbelliflora Hook. f. Alsodeia echinocarpa Korth. Alsodeia floribunda King Alsodeia kunstleriana King Alsodeia membranacea King Alsophila comosa Hook. Alsophila latebrosa Hook. Alsophila ridleyi Bak. Alstonia angustifolia Wall. Alstonia grandifolia Miq. Alstonia scholaris R.Br. Alstonia spathulata Bl. Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. Alysicarpus vaginalis Miq. Alyxia lucida Wall. Amaranthus caudatus L. Amaranthus paniculatus L. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthus viridis L. Amomum hastilabium Ridl. Amoora aphanamixis Schultes Amoora cucullata Roxb. Amoora rubescens Hiern Amoora rubiginosa Hiern Amorphophallus prainii Hook. f. Amorphophallus sp. Anacardium occidentale L. Anadendrum medium Schott Anadendrum montanum Schott Andropogon aciculatus Retz. Andropogon contortus L. Andropogon pseudograya Kth. Aneilema nudiflorum Br. Aneilema vaginata Br. Angiopteris evecta Hoffm. Anisogonium cordifolium Mett. Anisomeles ovata R. Br. Anisophyllea disticha Baill. Anisophyllea griffithii Oliv. Anisoptera costata Korth. Anisoptera glabra Kurz Anoectochilus geniculatus Ridl. Anplectrum annulata Triana Anplectrum glaucum Triana Anthistiria arguens Willd. Anthistiria gigantea var. villosa Antidesma alatum Hook. f. Antidesma cuspidatum Muell. Antidesma fallax Meisn. Antidesma velutinosum Bl. Antrophyum plantagineum Kaulf. Antrophyum reticulatum Kaulf. Aphyllorchis pallida Bl. Aporusa benthamiana Hook. f. Aporusa falcifera Hook. f. Aporusa ficifolia Baill. Aporusa fruticosa Muell. Aporusa lunata Benth. Aporusa maingayi Aporusa nigricans Hook. f. Aporusa prainiana King Aporusa stellifera Hook. f. Apostasia nuda R. Br. Appendicula bifaria Lindl. Appendicula callosa Bl. Appendicula lewisii Griff. Appendicula lucida Ridl. Aquilaria grandiflora Aquilaria malaccensis Aquilaria sp. Aralidium pinnatifidum Miq. Archytaea vahlii Choisy Ardisia colorata Roxb. Ardisia crassa Clarke Ardisia crenata Roxb. Ardisia humilis Vahl Ardisia lanceolata Roxb. Ardisia odontophylla var. lobbii Ardisia sp. (6434) Ardisia sp. (2816) Ardisia tuberculata Wall. Ardisia villosa Roxb. Areca catechu L. Arenga saccharifera Labill. Argostemma elatostemma Hook. Argostemma parvifolium Benn. Argostemma spinulosum Clarke Aristolochia unguliflora Mast. Aromadendron elegans BI. Artabotrys maingayi Hk. f. Artabotrys suaveolens Bl. Artabotrys wrayi King Artanema angustifolium Benth. Artemisia vulgaris L. 235 236 Arthrophyllum diversifolium Bl. 411 Artocarpus gomezianus Wall. 1529 Artocarpus kunstleri King | i | Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. 1520 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. 1526 Artocarpus lowii King 1527 Artocarpus maingayi King 1528 Artocarpus peduncularis King B Artocarpus rigidus 1530 Artocarpus scortechinii King 1531 Artocarpus sp. medium sized tree E Artocarpus sp. Large tree 1519 Arytera littoralis Bl. 2247 Asclepias curassavica L. 422 Aspidium cicutarium Sw. B Aspidium semibipinnatum Wall. B Aspidium singaporeanum Wall. 166 Aspidium vastum Bl. B Aspidium zollingerianum Kze. B Aspidopterys concava Juss. 1402 Asplenium falcatum Lamk. B Asplenium longissimum Bl. 15 Asplenium macrophyllum Sw. 16 Asplenium squamulatum B1. B Asplenium tenerum Forst. 20 Asystasia intrusa Bl. 196 Avicennia officinalis Bl. 453 Axonopus cimicinus Beauv. 999 Azolla pinnata R. Br. pA Baccaurea bracteata Muell. 850 Baccaurea kunstleri King 853 Baccaurea latifolia 855 Baccaurea macrophylla Muell. 856 Baccaurea minor Hook. f. 858 Baccaurea motleyana 859 Baccaurea parviflora Muell. 860 Baccaurea reticulata Hook. f. 863 Baccaurea sp. (6263) E Baccaurea sp. B 852 Baccaurea symplocoides King 848 Bambusa ridleyi Gamble 1003 Barclaya motleyi Hook. 1703 Barringtonia conoidea Griff. 1238 Barringtonia cylindrostachya Griff. 1239 Barringtonia inclyta Miers 1240 Barringtonia pendulum Miers B Barringtonia speciosa Forst. 1237 Bassia cuneata Bl. . pe S| Bassia kingii Stapf 2265 Bassia malaccensis 2269 Bassia motleyana De Vr. 2266 Bauhinia semibifida Roxb. 1265 Beilschmiedia malaccensis Hook. f. 1201 Blechnum finlaysonianum Wall. Ze, Blechnum orientale L. 24 Blechnum serrulatum Rch. 23 Blumea balsamifera DC. 558 Blumea lacera DC. 560 Blumea membranacea DC. 561 Blyxa malaccensis Rid. E Boerhavia repens L. 1702 Bonnaya brachiata Link 2304 Bonnaya reptans Spreng. 2307 Bonnaya veronicaefolia Spreng. 2302 Borassus flabellifer L. D Boschia griffithii Mast. 463 Bouea burmanica Griff. 246 Bouea macrophylla Griff. 245 Breynia discigera Muell. 867 Breynia reclinata 868 Breynia rhamnoides Muell. 869 Bridelia pustulata Hook. f. 872 Bridelia tomentosa Bl. 874 Bromheadia alticola Ridl. 1747 Bromheadia aporoides Rchb. f. 1748 Bromheadia palustris Lindl. 1749a Bromheadia sylvestris Ridl. 1749b Brownlowia lanceolata Benth. 2387 Brownlowia lepidota R1901 2386 Brownlowia riedelii Hemstl. 2386 Brucea sumatrana Roxb. 2316 Bruguiera caryophylloides Bl. 2063 Bruguiera eriopetala W. & A. 2066 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Lmk. 2064 Bruguiera parviflora W. & A. 2065 Buchanania florida Schauwer var. lucida & var. petiolaris 247 Buchanania sessilifolia Bl. 248 Bulbophyllum adenopetalum Lindl. 1756 Bulbophyllum apodum Hook. f. 1751 Bulbophyllum avicella Ridl. 1762 Bulbophyllum botryophorum Ridl. 1753 Bulbophyllum catenarium Rid. 1764 Bulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl. 1772 Bulbophyllum concinnum Hook. f._ 1755 Bulbophyllum densiflorum Ridl. 1773 Bulbophyllum limbatum Lindl. 1757 Bulbophyllum macranthum Lindl. 1758 Bulbophyllum patens King 1770 Bulbophyllum pileatum Lindl. 1766 Bulbophyllum rugosum Ridl. 1771 Bulbophyllum stella Ridl. 1759 Bulbophyllum striatellum Ridl. 1774 Bulbophyllum trifolium Ridl. 1776 Bulbophyllum vermiculare Hook. f. 1778 Bulbostylis barbata Kunth 643 Bulbostylis puberula Kunth 6-4 Burmannia coelestis Don 477 Burmannia tuberosa Becc. 476 Byttneria maingayi Mast. 2336 Caesalpinia nuga Ait. 1267 Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. 1269 Caesulia axillaris Roxb. E Calamus densiflorus Becc. 1935 Calamus diffusus Becc. C Calamus insignis Griff. 1938 Calamus javensis Bl. 1939 Calamus lobbianus Becc. 1941 Calamus oxleyanus Teysm. 1944 Calamus pallidulus Becc. 1940 Calamus singaporensis Becc. 1936 Calamus sp. near radulosus E Calanthe curculigoides Lindl. 1780 Callicarpa longifolia Lamk. 2420 Calophyllum canum Hook. f. B Calophyllum griffithii T. Anders. 1132 Calophyllum inophylloide King 1131 Calophyllum inophyllum L. 1120 Calophyllum macrocarpum Hook. f.1122 Calophyllum pulcherrimum Wall. 1123 Calophyllum retusum Wall. 1129/ Calophyllum spectabile Willd. 1127 Calophyllum wallichianum Planch. 1125 Calotropis procera R.Br. D Calycopteris floribunda Lamk. C Campnospermum auriculatum Hook. f. 249 Campnospermum griffithii Hook. f. 249 Campnospermum wallichii King 249 Canarium grandiflorum Benn. 484 Canarium kadondon Benn. 487 Canarium nitidum Benn. 483 Canarium pilosum Benn. 484 Canarium planchoni King 492 Canarium purpurascens Benn. 482 Canarium rufum Benn. 482 Canarium secundum Benn. 482 Canavalia obtusifolia DC. Canavalia turgida DC. Canna indica L. Canna warcewiczli Canthium confertum Korth. Canthium didymum Roxb. Canthium glabrum Bl. Canthium horridum Korth. Canthium scandens Bl. Canthium sp. “gading” Capparis finlaysoniana Wall. Capsicum frutescens L. Capsicum grossum Willd. Capsicum minimum Carallia scortechinii King Carapa obovata Bl. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Carex ‘cyrtostachys’ Brongn. Careya sp. Caryota mitis Lour. Casearia clarkei King Casearia esculenta Roxb. Casearia lobbiana Turcz. Cassia alata L. Cassia hirsuta L. Cassia leschenaultiana DC. Cassia obtusifolia L. Cassia occidentalis L. Cassia siamea Lam. Cassytha filiformis L. Castanopsis hullettii King Castanopsis hystrix DC. Castanopsis javanica DC. Castanopsis nephelioides King Castanopsis sp. Castanopsis sumatrana DC. Castanopsis wallichii King Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. Celastrus championii Benth. Centipeda orbicularis Lour. Centotheca lappacea Beauv. Centrosema plumieri Benth. Cephaelis griffithii Hook. Ceratolobus kingianus Becc. Ceratopteris thalictroides L. Cerbera lactaria Ham. Cerbera odollam Gaertn. Ceriops candolleana Arn. Chailletia deflexifolia Turcz. 237 238 Champereia griffithiana Planch. 1729 Chasalia curviflora Thw. 2097 Chasalia rostrata Miq. 2193 Cheilanthes tenuifolia Sw. 30 Chisocheton erythrocarpus Hiern 1485 Chisocheton macrophyllus King 1486 Chisocheton patens Bl. 1487 Chisocheton pauciflorus King 1488 Chloranthus officinalis B1. 528 Chloris barbata Sw. 1012 Choriophyllum malayanum Benth. 849 Chrysophyllum roxburghii G. Don 2264 Cinnamomum iners Reinw. 1203 Cinnamomum javanicum Bl. 1204 Cinnamomum nitidum Bl. 1203 Cirrhopetalum acuminatum Ridl. 1750 Cirrhopetalum blumei Lindl. F752 Cirrhopetalum citrinum Ridl. 1768 Cirrhopetalum concinnum Hook. f. 1767 Cirrhopetalum linearifolium Ridl. 1750 Cirrhopetalum makoyanum Rchb. f.1760 Cirrhopetalum medusae Lindl. 1761 Cirrhopetalum microbulbon Ridl. 1770 Cirrhopetalum semibifidum R. 1750 Cirrhopetalum vaginatum Lindl. — 1777 Claderia viridiflora Hook. f. 1782 Cladium glomeratum Br. 709 Claoxylon indicum Hassk. 876 Claoxylon longifolium Muell. var. brachystachys 877 Clausena excavata Burm. 2229 Cleisostoma spicatum Lindl. 1902 Cleistanthus hirsutulus Hook. f. 878 Cleistanthus laevis Hook. f. 882 Cleistanthus macrophyllus Hook. f. 879 Cleistanthus myrianthus Kurz 88] Cleistanthus nitidus Hook. f. c Cleome aculeatum Jacq. 501 Cleome viscosa L. 505 Clerodendron colebrookianum Walp. C Clerodendron deflexum Wall. 2422 Clerodendron disparifolium Bl. 2424 Clerodendron fallax Lindl. D Clerodendron fragrans Vent. D Clerodendron inerme Gaertn. 2423 Clerodendron infortunatum Gaertn. C Clerodendron ixoraeflorum Hassk. C Clerodendron myrmecophilum-Ridl.2425 Clerodendron paniculatum L. B Clerodendron siphonanthus R. Br. Clerodendron squamatum Vahl Clerodendron villosum Bl. Clidemia hirta Don Clitorea cajanifolia Benth. Clitorea ternatea L. Cnestis ramiflora Griff. Cocos nucifera L. Coelodepas ferrugineum Hook. f. Coelogyne cumingii Lindl. Coelogyne mayeriana Rchb. f. Coelogyne rochussennii de Vr. Coelogyne testacea Lindl. Coelostegia griffithii Benth. Coix lacryma-jobi L. Coleus atropurpurea Benth. Colocasia antiquorum L. Colubrina asiatica Brongn. Combretum sundaicum Miq. Combretum trifoliatum Vent. Commelina benghalensis L. Commelina nudiflora L. Commersonia platyphylla Andr. Connaropsis macrophylla King Connarus ellipticus King Connarus ferrugineus Jack Connarus grandis Jack Connarus oligophyllus Wall. Connarus semidecandrus Jack Conocephalus amoenus King Conocephalus scortechinii King Conocephalus suaveolens Bl. Conocephalus subtrinervius Miq. Coptosapelta flavescens Korth. Corchorus acutangulus Lmk. Corchorus capsularis L. Cordia myxa L. Corymbis longiflora Hook. f. Coscinium fenestratum Colebr. Cosmos bipinnatus Costus globosus Costus speciosus Sm. Cotylelobium flavum Pierre Cratoxylum arborescens Bl. Cratoxylum formosum Benth. Cratoxylum polyanthum Korth. Crinum asiaticum L. Crotalaria alata Ham. Crotalaria incana L. Crotalaria quinquefolia L. 1283 Crotalaria retusa L. 1284 Crotalaria saltiana And. 1282 Croton argyratus Bl. 883 Croton caudatus Geisel 885 Croton griffithii Hook. f. 888 Croton olongifolium Roxb. B Cryptocarya ferrea Bl. 1207 Cryptocarya griffithiana Wight 1208 Cryptocarya impressa Meissn. 1209 Cryptocoryne ciliata Fisch. 386 Cryptocoryne griffithii Schott 387 Cryptostylis arachnites Bl. 1792 Ctenolophon parvifolius Oliver 638 Curculigo latifolia Dryand. 1165 Curculigo recurvata Dryand. 1166 Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. D Cyanotis cristata C. B. C. 548 Cyathocalyx maingayi Hk. f. 303 Cyathocalyx virgatus King 299 Cyathostemma hookeri King 278 Cyathostemma scortechinii King 2719 Cyathula prostrata B\. 242 Cycas rumphii Miq. 183 Cyclea peltata Hook. f. var. arnotti Miers 1507 Cyclostemon longifolius Bl. 889 Cymbidium aloifolium Sw. 1794 Cymbidium aloifolium var. pubescens 1793 Cynanchum ovalifolium 423 Cynodon dactylon Pers. 1016 Cynometra cauliflora L. D Cynometra ramiflora L. 1286 Cyperus bancanus Miq. 676 Cyperus compressus L. 649 Cyperus diffusus vahl 653 Cyperus distans L. 655 Cyperus haspan L. 659 Cyperus iria L. 661 Cyperus malaccensis Lam. 664 Cyperus pilosus Vahl 667 Cyperus radians Nees 670 Cyperus rotundus L. 671 Cyperus stoloniferus Retz. 674 Cyperus zollingeri Steud. 675 Cyrtandra bicolor Jack 991 Cyrtandra pilosa Bl. C Cyrtandromoea acuminata Benth. C Cyrtosperma lasioides Griff. 388 Cystorchis variegata Bl. 1795a Cystorchis variegata var. purpurea\795b Dacrydium elatum Wall. Cc Daemonorops accedens Bl. E Daemonorops angustifolius Mart. 1949 Daemonorops cochleatus Teysm. 1950 Daemonorops crinita Bl. E Daemonorops didymophylla Becc. 1950 Daemonorops geniculatus Mart. 1951 Daemonorops grandis Mart. 1952 Daemonorops hygrophilus Mart. 1949 Daemonorops hystrix Mart. 1953 Daemonorops intermedius Mart. 1952 Daemonorops leptopus Mart. 1955 Daemonorops longipes Mart. 1957 Daemonorops propinquus Becc. 1955 Dalbergia hullettii Prain 1287 Dalbergia junghuhnii Benth. 1288 Dalbergia pseudosissoo Miq. 1290 Dalbergia torta Grah. 1286 Dalbergia velutina Benth. 1291 Daphniphyllum laurinum Baill. 739 Datura fastuosa L. D Davallia elegans Sw. 40 Davallia triphylla Hook. 42 Decaspermum paniculatum Kurz 1639 Dehaasia microcarpa Bl. 1212 Dendrobium acerosum Lindl. 1796 Dendrobium aciculare Lindl. 1797 Dendrobium atropurpureum Mig. 1800 Dendrobium bifarium Lindl. 1799 Dendrobium callibotrys Rid. 1811 Dendrobium conostalix Rchb. f. 1810 Dendrobium criniferum Lindl. 1852 Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. 1802 Dendrobium dalhousieanum Wall. 1817 Dendrobium eulophotum Lindl. 1806 Dendrobium euphlebium Rchb.f. 1825 Dendrobium flavidulum Rid. 1824 Dendrobium flexile Ridl. 1803 Dendrobium gemellum Lindl. 1819 Dendrobium junceum Lindl. C Dendrobium kunstleri Hook. f. E Dendrobium laciniosum Rid. 1854 Dendrobium lamellatum Lindl. 1807 Dendrobium leonis Rchb. f. 1808 Dendrobium lonchophyllum Hook. f. 1851/1855 239 240 Dendrobium longicolle Lindl. Dendrobium pandaneti Rid. Dendrobium pensile Ridl. Dendrobium prostratum Ridl. Dendrobium pumilum Roxb. Dendrobium pyropum Rid. Dendrobium rhizophoreti Rid. Dendrobium serra Lindl. Dendrobium sinuatum Lindl. Dendrobium subulatum Hook. f. Dendrobium teres Lindl. Dendrobium tuberiferum Hook. f. Dendrobium villosulum Wall. Dendrocolla filiformis Ridl. Dendrocolla maculata Ridl. Dendrocolla trichoglottis Ridl. Dentella repens Forst. Derris amoena Benth. Derris malaccensis Prain Derris oblonga Benth. Derris scandens Benth. Derris sinuata Thw. Derris sp. Derris thyrsiflora Benth. Derris uliginosa Benth. Desmodium heterophyllum DC. Desmodium polycarpum DC. 1294 1293 E 1295 1296 1300 1299 Desmodium polycarpum var. ovalifolium Desmodium triflorum DC. Desmodium umbellatum DC. Dialium laurinum Bak. Dialium maingayi Bak. Dialium wallichii Prain Dianella ensifolia Red. Dichopsis bancana Migq. Dichopsis gutta Benth. Dichopsis obovata Clarke Dichopsis rubens Clarke Dictyopteris barberi Hook. Dictyopteris difformis Bl. Didymocarpus platypus Clarke Didymocarpus sp. Didymoplexis pallens Griff. Dillenia indica L. Dilochia wallichii Lindl. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. Dimorphocalyx capillipes Hook. f. Dioclea reflexa Hook. f. 1299 1301 1302 1303 1304 1306 1367 2277 2271 2274 2278 162 124 992 993 1830 743 1831 1032 C 1307 Dioscorea alata L. Dioscorea daemona Roxb. Dioscorea deflexa Hook. f. Dioscorea glabra Roxb. Dioscorea laurifolia Wall. Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Dioscorea polyclades Hook. f. Dioscorea pyrifolia Kunth Dioscorea sativa L. Diospyros argentea Griff. Diospyros bilocularis Oliv. Diospyros clavigera Diospyros lucida Wall. Diospyros microphylla Bedd. Diospyros oblonga Wall. Diospyros sapotoides Kurz. Diospyros sp. Diplazium bantamense Bl. Diplazium pallidum Bl. Diplazium porrectum Wall. Diplazium sorzogonense Presl Diplazium speciosum Mett. Diplazium sylvatiucum Presl Diplazium tomentosum Hook. Dipodium pictum Rchb. f. Dipteris horsfieldii Br. Dipterocarpus cornutus Dyer Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco Dipterocarpus hasseltii Bl. Dischidia albida Griff. Dischidia bengalensis Colebr. Dischidia coccinea Griff. Dischidia collyris Wall. Dischidia hirsuta Decne. Dischidia nummularia R.Br. Dischidia rafflesiana Wall. Dischidia wallichii Wight Dissochaeta annulata Hook. f. Dissochaeta celebica Bl. Dissochaeta gracilis Bl. Dissochaeta intermedia Bl. Dissochaeta pallida Bl. Dissochaeta punctulata Hook. f. Dolichandrone rheedii Seem. Donax grandis Rid. Dracaena aurantiacea Wall. Dracaena gracilis Wall. Dracaena granulata Hook. f. Dracaena maingayi Hook. f. ——_—_ a.) =a Dracaena porteri Bak. Dracaena singapurensis Ridl. Dracaena terniflora Roxb. Dracontomelum mangiferum Bl. Drepananthus pruniferus Maing. Drymoglossum piloselloides Pres| Drynaria linnei Bory Drynaria quercifolia Drynaria splendens Hook. Durio oblongus Mast. Dyera laxiflora Hook. f. Dysophylla auricularia Bl. Dysoxylum acutangulum Miq. Dysoxylum cauliflorum Hiern Dysoxylum costulatum Miq. Dysoxylum macrothyrsum Miq. Dysoxylum turbinatum King Ebermaiera griffithiana Anders. Ebermaiera setigera Nees Echinocarpus sp. Eclipta alba Hassk. Elaeocarpus apiculatus Mast. Elaeocarpus griffithii Mast. Elaeocarpus hullettii King Elaeocarpus jackianus Wall. Elaeocarpus mastersii King Elaeocarpus parvifolius Wall. Elaeocarpus pedunculatus Wall. Elaeocarpus petiolatus Wall. Elaeocarpus polystachyus Wall. Elaeocarpus salicifolius King Elaeocarpus stipularis B1. Elaphoglossum latifolium Sw. Elatostema molle Wedd. Eleocharis capitata Br. Eleocharis chaetaria Roem. Eleocharis fistulosa Schult. Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud. Eleocharis variegata var. laxiflora CB. Elephantopus scaber L. Elettariopsis latiflora Ridl. Eleusine aegyptiaca Desv. Eleusine indica L. Eleusine indica var. coracana Ellipanthus griffithii Hook. f. Ellipeia cuneifolia Hk. f. Embelia amentacea Clarke Embelia coriacea DC. Embelia lampani Scheff. 1633 Embelia lucida Wall. 834 Embelia ribes Burm. 1634 Emilia sonchifolia DC. 569 Endospermum malaccense Muell. 890 Engelhardtia serrata Bl. 1179 Engelhardtia wallichiana Lindl. 1179 Enhalus koenigii Rich. L152 Entada spiralis Rid. 1308 Epipremnum giganteum Schott 389 Eragrostis amabilis Wight 1045 Eragrostis elegantula Steud. 1038 Eragrostis elongata Jacq. 1040 Eragrostis tenella R. & S. 1044 Eranthemum album Nees B Eranthemum andersoni Masters D Eria bractescens Lindl. 1834 Eria endymion Ridl. 1836 Eria floribunda Lindl. 1835 Eria longe-repens Ridl. 1838 Eria neglecta Ridl. 1839 Eria nutans Lindl. 1840 Eria obliqua Lindl. 1841 Eria oligantha Hook. f. 1917 Eria pannea Lindl. 1 842 Eria-pudica Ridl. 1844 Eria pulchella Lindl. 845 Eria stellata Lindl. 1837 Eria striolata Rchb. f. 1837 Eria tenuiflora Rid. 1847 Eria velutina Lindl. 1918 Eria vestita Lindl. 1919 Eriachne pallescens Br. | 1047 Erigeron linifolius Willd. 565 Eriocaulon sexangulare L. 824 Eriocaulon truncatum Ham. 825 Erioglossum edule Bl. 2252 Erycibe coriacea Wall. B Erycibe griffithii Clarke 610/612 Erycibe leucoxyloides King 611 Erycibe malaccensis Clarke 613 Erycibe princei Wall. 614a Eryngium foetidum Jacq. 2409 Erythropalum scandens Bl. 1710 Erythroxylum burmanicum Griff. — 826 Eugenia acuminatissima Kurz 1647 Eugenia anisosepala Duthie B Eugenia bracteolata B Eugenia chlorantha Duthie 644 241 242 Eugenia claviflora Roxb. Eugenia conglomerata Eugenia cymosa Lmk. Eugenia densiflora DC. Eugenia filiformis Wall. Eugenia grandis Wight Eugenia griffithii Duthie Eugenia helferi Duthie Eugenia jambolana Lam. Eugenia laevicaulis Duthie Eugenia lepidocarpa Wight Eugenia leptantha Wight Eugenia lineata Bl. Eugenia microcalyx Duthie Eugenia myrtifolia Roxb. Eugenia nitida non Duthie Eugenia oblata Roxb. Eugenia oblongifolia Duthie Eugenia papillosa Duthie Eugenia pendens Duthie Eugenia pyrifolia Wall. Eugenia scoparia Wall. Eugenia subdecussata Wall. Eugenia thumra Roxb. Eugenia venulosa Wall. Eugenia zeylanica Wight 1 Eulophia graminea Lindl. Eulophia squalida Lindl. Euonymus javanicus Bl. Euphorbia atoto Forst. Euphorbia pilulifera L. Euphorbia thymifolia Benn. Euphorbia tirucalli L. Eurycles sylvestris Salisb. Eurycoma longifolia Jack Euthemis leucocarpa Jack Euthemis minor Jack Evodia glabra Bl. Evodia pedunculosa Hook. f. Evodia robusta Hook. f. Evodia roxburghiana Benth. Evolvulus alsinoides L. Excoocaria agallocha L. Fagraea auriculata Jack Fagraea carnosa Jack Fagraea fragrans Roxb. Fagraea ligustrina Bl. Fagraea morindaefolia Bl. Fagraea obovata Wall. Fagraea racemosa Jack Fagraea speciosa Bl. Fibraurea chloroleuca Miers Ficus acamptophylla Miq. Ficus alba Reinwdt. Ficus altissima Bl. Ficus annulata Bl. Ficus apiocarpa Miq. Ficus benjamina L. Ficus binnendykii Ficus bracteata Wall. Ficus callicarpa Miq. Ficus chartacea Wall. Ficus chrysocarpa Reinw. Ficus consociata Bl. var. murtoni Ficus diversifolia Bl. Ficus fistulosa Reinwdt. Ficus glabella Bl. Ficus glandulifera Wall. Ficus globosa Bl. Ficus indica var. gelderi Ficus laevis Bl. Ficus microstoma Wall. Ficus miquelii King Ficus obscura Bl. Ficus obtusifolia Ficus pisifera Wall. Ficus pisocarpa Wall. Ficus procera Bl. Ficus punctata Thunb. Ficus ramentacea Ficus recurva Bl. var. ribesioides Ficus religiosa L. Ficus retusa var. nitida Ficus ribes Reinwdt. Ficus sumatrana Ficus urophylla Wall. Ficus villosa Bl. Ficus xylophylla Wall. Fimbristylis acuminata Vah Fimbristylis aestivalis Vahl Fimbristylis asperrima Boeck. Fimbristylis complanata Fimbristylis diphylla Vahl Fimbristylis ferruginea Vahl Fimbristylis globulosa Kunth Fimbristylis leptoclada Benth. Fimbristylis miliacea Vahl Fimbristylis nutans Vahl Fimbristylis pauciflora r. 698 Fimbristylis setacea Benth. 684 Fimbristylis spathacea Roth. 686 Fimbristylis tenera var. obtusata 696 Fimbristylis tetragona Br. 701 Flacourtia cataphracta Roxb. D Flacourtia inermis Cl. B Flacourtia rukam Zoll. 978 Flagellaria indica L. 985 Flemingia strobilifera R. Br. 1309 Fleurya interrupta Gaud. 2412 Floscopa scandens Lour. 549 Forrestia marginata Hassk. 544 Forrestia mollis Hassk. 543 Freycinetia angustifolia Bl. 1987 Freycinetia gaudichaudi Benn. B Freycinetia insignis B1.? 1991 Fuirena umbellata Rottb. 703 Gaertnera grisea Hook. f. 2105 Gaertnera koenigii Wight var. oxyphylla Wall. 2107 Gaertnera obesa Hook. f. 2106 Gaertnera viminea Hook. f. 2108 Gahnia tristis Nees 704 Galearia affinis Benn. 897 Galearia phlebocarpa R.Br. 897 Galearia subulata Muell. 897 Galearia wallichii 897 Galeola altissima Rchb. f. B Galeola hydra Rchb. f. 1856 Garcinia atroviridis Griff. 1133 Garcinia bancana Miq. 1134 Garcinia cuspidata King B Garcinia eugeniaefolia Wall. 1135 Garcinia forbesii King 1136 Garcinia griffithii T. Anders. 1137 Garcinia hombroniana Pierre 1138 Garcinia nervosa Miq. 1139 Garcinia nigrolineata Pierre 1140 Garcinia parvifolia Miq. 1141 Garcinia rostrata Benth. 1143 Gardenia griffithii Hook. f. 2109 Gardenia speciosa Hook. C Gardenia tubifera Wall. 2110 Gardeniopsis longifolia Miq. 2111 Gastrodia javanica Lindl. 1857 Gelonium bifarium Roxb. 950 Gelonium multiflorum Juss. 950 Genianthus maingayi Hook. f. 433 Geophila hirta Miq. 2112 Geophila pilosa Pears. 2112 Geunsia farinosa Bl. B Geunsia reevesii Wall. D Gironniera nervosa Planch. 2402 Gironniera parvifolia Planch. 2403 Gironniera subaequalis Planch. 2404 Globba leucantha Miq. 2494 Globba panicoides Miq. 2495 Globba uliginosa Miq. 2495 Glochidion brunneum Hook. f. 899 Glochidion coronatum Hook. f. B Glochidion desmocarpum Hook. f. 911 Glochidion desmogyne Hook. f. E Glochidion goniocarpum Hook.f. 899 Glochidion insulare Hook. f. B Glochidion laevigatum Hook. f. 902 Glochidion leiostylum Kurz 907 Glochidion littorale Bl. 904 Glochidion microbotrys Hook. f. 905 Glochidion superbum Baill. 910 Glycosmis pentaphylla Corr. B Gmelina hystrix Kurz 2430 Gmelina villosa Roxb. 2429 Gnetum edule Bl. 185 Gnetum funiculare Bl. 186 Gnetum macrostachyum Hook. f. 187 Gnetum neglectum BI. 188 Gomphandra lanceolata Kurz 1168a Gomphandra penangiana Wall. 168 Gomphia hookeri var. corymbosa 1705 Gomphia hookeri Planch. 1704 Gomphia sumatrana Jack 1708 Goniophlebium verrucosum Wall. 60 Goniothalamus malayanus Hk. f. 295 Goniothalamus ridleyi King 296 Goniothalamus tapis Miq. 297 Gonocaryum longeracemosum King1169 Gonystylus maingayi Hook. f. 995 Gordonia excelsa Bl. 2374 Grammatophyllum speciosum Bl. 1851 Grewia fibrocarpa Mast. B Grewia latifolia Mast. 2390 Grewia umbellata Roxb. 2389 Guettarda speciosa L. 2113 Guioa pleuropteris Radlk. 2250 Guioa pubescens Radlk. 2251 Guioa squamosa Radl. B Gymnogramme calomelanos 121 243 244 Gymnopteris presliana Hook. Gymnopteris subrepanda Hook. Gymnosiphon borneense Becc. Gynochthodes coriacea Miq. Gynochthodes sublanceolata Miq. Gynotroches axillaris Mig. Gynura pseudochina DC. Gynura sarmentosa DC. Habenaria lacertifera Benth. Habenaria maingayi King Habenaria singapurensis Rid]. Halophila ovata Gaud. Hedyotis auricularia L. Hedyotis capitellata Wall. Hedyotis congesta Br. Hedyotis pinifolia Wall. Hedyotis vestita R. Br. Helicia excelsa Bl. Helicia petiolaris Benn. Heliotropium indicum L. Henslowia buxifolia Bl. Henslowia lobbiana DC. Heptapleurum avene Seem. Heptapleurum cephalotes Clarke Heptapleurum ellipticum Seem. Heptapleurum hullettii King Heptapleurum ridleyi King Heptapleurum subulatum Seem. Heritiera fomes Buch.Ham. Heritiera littoralis Dryand. Heritiera sp. Herpestis monnieri H. Bk. Hetaeria obliqua Bl. Hibiscus surattensis L. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Hippocratea cumingi Laws. Hippocratea indica L. Hiptage sericea Hook. f. Homalium grandiflorum Benth. Homalomena coerulescens Jungh. Homalomena griffithii Hook. f. Homalomena kingii Hook. f. Homalomena ovata Hook. f. Homalomena paludosa Hook. f. Homalomena pumila Hook. f. Homalomena sagittifolia Jungh. Homalomena singaporensis Regel. Homolanthus populifolius Grah. Hopea griffithii Kurz B 28 478 2114 2115 2069 373 574 1890 1890 1859 1155 2116 2119 2120 22D B 2051 2052 473 2243 2244 415 412 E 414 417 416 B 2340 2339 2294 1861 1407 1408 517 521 1403 979 393 39] 391 391 394 392 395 770 Hopea mengarawan Hopea micrantha Hook. f. Hopea pierrei Hance Hornstedtia conica Ridl. Hornstedtia leonurus Retz. Hornstedtia megalochilus Ridl. Hornstedtia scyphus Retz. Hoya coriacea Bl. Hoya coronaria Bl. Hoya diversifolia Bl. Hoya finlaysonii Wall. Hoya lacunosa Bl. Hoya latifolia Don Hoya obtusifolia Wight Hoya parasitica Wall. Hoya revoluta Wight Humata angustata Wall. Humata heterophylla Wall. Humata parallela Wall. Humata pedata Sw. Humata sessilifolia Bl. Hydnophytum formicarium Jack Hydrilla verticillata Casp. Hydrocotyle asiatica L. Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. Hygrophila quadrivalvis Nees Hygrophila salicifolia Nees Hylophila mollis Lindl. Hymenophyllum denticulatum Sw. Hymenophyllum neesti Hook. Hymenophyllum polyanthos Hymenophyllum sp. (8938) Hypericum japonicum L. Hypolytrum latifolium Rich. Hypolytrum proliferum Boeck. Hypserpa triflora Miers Hyptis brevipes Pott. Hyptis suaveolens Poit. Iguanura geonomaeformis Becc. Iguanura malaccensis Becc. Iguanura wallichiana Hook. f. Ilex cymosa Bl. Ilex macrophylla Wall. Illigera appendiculata Bl. Imperata arundinacea Cyrill. Imperata exaltata Brngn. Indigofera hirsuta L. lodes oblonga Planch. Todes velutina King Ipomoea angustifolia Jacq. Ipomoea aqautica Forsk. Ipomoea batatus L. Ipomoea biloba Forsk. Ipomoea chryseides Ker. Ipomoea coccinea Ipomoea denticulata Chois. Ipomoea digitata L. Ipomoea linifolia B1. Ipomoea palmata Forsk. Ipomoea quamoclit L. Ipomoea sepiaria Koen. Ipomoea tridentata Roth. Irvingia malayana Oliv. Isachne australis R. Br. Isachne kunthiana Wt. Isachne miliacea Roth. Ischaemum ciliare Retz. Ischaemum macrurum Ischaemum magnum Rendle Ischaemum muticum L. Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Ischaemum timorense Kth. Ixonanthes icosandra Jack Ixonanthes reticulata Jack Ixora amoena Vahl Ixora concinna R.Br. Ixora congesta Roxb. Ixora fulgens Roxb. Ixora opaca R. Br. Ixora parviflora Vahl Ixora pendula Jack Jackia ornata Wall. Jasminum bifarium Wall. Jasminum griffithii Clarke Jussiaea angustifolia Lmk. Jussiaea repens L. Jussiaea suffruticosa L. Justicia andrographioides Clarke Justicia gendarussa L. Kadsura cauliflora Bl. Kadsura scandens Bl. Kibessa acuminata Decne. Kibessa echinata Jack Kokoona littoralis Laws. Koompassia malaccensis Maing. Kopsia macrophylla Korthalsia echinometra Becc. Korthalsia flagellaris Miq. Korthalsia polystachya Mart. Korthalsia scaphigera Matt. Kunstleria ridleyi Prain Kurrimia paniculata Wall. Kurrimia pulcherrima Wall. Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. Kyllinga cylindrica Nees Kyllinga melanosperma Nees Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. Labisia pothoina Lindl. Lantana camara L. Lantana indica Roxb. Lasia heterophylla Schott Lasianthera secundiflora Miq. Lasianthus appressus Hook. f. Lasianthus crinitus Hook. f. Lasianthus cyanocarpus Lasianthus densifolius Miq. Lasianthus ellipticus Wight Lasianthus griffithii Wight Lasianthus maingayi Hook. f. Lasianthus pterospermus Wight Lasianthus stipularis 81. Lastrea appendiculata Lastrea crassifolia Bl. Lastrea fuscipes Wall. Lecananthus erubescens Jack Lecanopteris carnosa Bl. Lecanorchis malaccensis Ridl. Leea angulata Korth. Leea javanica Bl. Leea robusta Roxb. Leea rubra Bl. Leea sambucina Willd. Leersia hexandra Sw. Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. Lemna polyrhiza Lemna sp. Leonotis nepetaefolia R. Br. Leonurus sibiricus L. Lepionurus sylvestris Bl. Lepironia mucronata Rich. Leptadenia reticulata Wight Leptaspis urceolata R. Br. Lettsomia tomentosa Leucas linifolia Spr. Leucas zeylanica R. Br. Leuconotis griffithii Hook. f. Leuconotis maingayi Dyer 245 246 Leucopogon malayanus Jack 819 Leucostegia parvula Wall. 66 Licuala acutifida Mart. C Licuala ferruginea Becc. 1968 Licuala spinosa Wurmb 1969 Licuala triphylla Griff. 1970 Limacia kunstleri King 1505 Limacia velutina Miers 1511 Limnanthemum indicum Thw. 986 Limnophila conferta Benth. B Limnophila pulcherrima Hook. f. 2300 Lindera malaccensis Hook. f. £243 Lindera sp. E Lindsaya borneensis Hook. 80 Lindsaya divergens Wall. 82 Lindsaya lancea 83 Lindsaya lanuginosa Wall. 110 Lindsaya repens Thw. 91 Lindsaya rigida Sm. B Lindsaya trapeziformis Dry. E Lindsaya walkerae Hook. 92 Linociera pauciflora var. palembanica 1718 Linostoma pauciflorum Griff. 2383 Linostoma scandens King 2382 Liparis disticha Lindl. 1866 Liparis elegans Lindl. 1864 Liparis nervosa Ridl. 1865 Liparis venosa Ridl. 1867 Lipocarpha argentea R. Br. 707 Lipocarpha microcephala Kunth 707 Lippia nodiflora Rich. 2433 Litobrochia incisa Thunb. 63 Litsea amara Bl. 123] Litsea ferruginea Bl. 1221 Litsea grandis Bl. 1224 Litsea longipes “Meissn.?” E Litsea myristicaefolia Wall. 1228 Litsea nitida Bl. E Litsea panamonja Ham. B Litsea penangiana Hook. f. B Litsea petiolata Hook. f. 1219 Litsea polyantha Juss. B Litsea salicifolia Roxb. E Litsea zeylanica Nees 232 Livistona kingiana Becc. 1977 Lophatherum lehmanni Brngn. 1068 Lophopetalum curtisii King — . B Lophopetalum fimbriatum Wight 519 Lophopetalum fuscescens Kurz. B Loranthus albidus Bl. 1385 Loranthus ampullaceus Roxb. 1389 Loranthus coccineus Jack 1387 Loranthus crassus Hook. f. 1384 Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb. 1392 Loranthus lobbii Hook. f. 1382 Loranthus longiflorus Dest. 1383 Loranthus maingayi Hook. f. 1386 Loranthus pentandrus L. 1384 Loranthus retusus Jack 1390 Lucaena glauca Benth. 1318 Lucinaea morinda DC. 2156 Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. 1727 Lumnitzera coccinea W. & A. S37 Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. 538 Luvunga eleutheranthera Dalz. 2235 Luvunga scandens Ham 2235 Lycopodium cernuum L. 94 Lycopodium nummulariifolium Bl. — 70 Lycopodium phlegmaria L. 71 Lycopodium squarrosum Forst. 72 Lycopodium taxifolium Sw. E Lygodium circinnatum Sw. 95 Lygodium flexuosum L. 96 Lygodium microphyllum R. Br. 99 Maba buxifolia Pers. 795 Macaranga hypoleuca Muell. 921 Macaranga javanica Muell. 918 Macaranga lowii King 922 Macaranga megaphylla Muell. 916 Macaranga populifolia Muell. OFS Macaranga trichocarpa Muell. 925 Macaranga triloba Muell. 926 Machilus rimosus Bl. B Macodes petola Lindl. 1869 Maesa indica L. B Maesa ramentacea DC. 1636 Magnolia maingayi King 1400 Mallotus barbatus Muell. C Mallotus cochinchinensis Lour. 928 Mallotus macrostachyus Muell. 927 Mallotus penangensis Muell. 929 Mallotus philippinensis Muell. C Mallotus vernicosus Hook. f. 865 Mangifera foetida Lour. 254 Mangifera kemanga Bl. 253 Mangifera lagenifera Griff. 256 Mangifera odorata Griff. 258 Mangifera sclerophylla Hook. f. 255 Mapania humilis Naves. 709 Mapania longa Clarke 710 Mapania multispicata Clarke 711 Mapania palustris Benth. 714 Mariscus albescens Gaud. 662 Mariscus cyperinus Vahl 651 Mariscus dregeanus Kunth 656 Mariscus microcephalus Presl 648 Mariscus sieberianus Nees 652 Marlea ebenacea C.B. Clarke 229a Marlea griffithii C.B. Clarke 230 Marlea nobilis C.B. Clarke 231 Marlea sp. 229b Marumia rhodocarpa Jack 1429 Mastixia junghuhnii Clarke 633 Matthaea sancta BI. $517 Mazus rugosus Lour. 2310 Medinilla hasseltii Bl. 1431 Medinilla macrocarpa Bl. 1432 Medinillopsis sessiliflora Cogn. 1461 Megistostigma malaccense Hook. f. 932 Melaleuca leucadendron L. 1689 Melanochyla auriculata Hook. f. 259 Melanorrhoea maingayi Hook.f. 252 Melastoma decemfidum Jack C Melastoma molle Wall. } Melastoma polyanthum 1433 Meliosma elliptica Hook. f. 2241 Meliosma lanceolata Bl. 2239 Meliosma ridleyi King 2240 Melochia corchorifolia L. 2343 Melodinus micranthus Hook. f. 351 Melodinus orientalis B1. B Melodorum cylindricum Maingay 322 Melodorum elegans Hk. f. 302 Melodorum fulgens Hk. f. 284 Melodorum lanuginosum Hk. f. 285 Melodorum latifolium Hk. f. 286 Melodorum manubriatum Hk. f. 287 Melodorum pisocarpum Hk. f. 302 Melodorum prismaticum Hk. f. 327 Memecylon acuminatum Bl. 1434 Memecylon amplexicaule Roxb. 1435 Memecylon grande Retz. 1451 Memecylon heteropleurum Bl. 1441 Memecylon laevigatum Bl. 1448 Memecylon myrsinoides Bl. 1448 Memecylon pauciflorum Bl. B Memecylon sp. (3840) E Memecylon sp. (4436) E Memecylon sp. (5753) 1443 Memecylon sp. (6788) 1445 Meniscium cuspidatum Bl. 127 Meniscium triphyllum Sw. 129 Metroxylon rumphii Matt. D Metroxylon sagus Rottb. D Mezoneuron sumatranum W. & Arn. 268 Mezzettia leptopoda Oliver 300 Microdesmis caseariifolia Planch. 934 Microlepia speluncae L. 105 Micromelum hirsutum Oliv. B Microsaccus javensis Bl. 1875 Microstylis congesta Rchb. f. 1870 Microstylis micrantha Hook. f. 1871 Mikania scandens Willd. 575 Millettia atropurpurea Benth. 1319 Millettia eriantha Benth. 1320 Millettia maingayi Bak. 1321 Mimosa pudica L. 1325 Mimosa sepiaria Benth. 1322 Mimusops hexandra Roxb. 2276 Mischocarpus fuscescens Bl. 2253 Mischocarpus sundaicus Bl. 2254 Modecca populifolia Bl. E Modecca singaporeana Mast. 2002 Mollugo stricta L. 226 Monochoria hastaefolia Pres| 2045 Monochoria vaginalis Presl 2046 Monogramme trichoidea Sm. 108 Morinda citrifolia L. 2157 Morinda persicaefolia Ham. E Morinda sp. 2159 Morinda sp. “sulong akar darat” E Morinda tinctoria Roxb. B Morinda umbellata L. 2160 Mucuna biplicata Teysm. B Mucuna gigantea DC. 1326 Mussaenda glabra Vahl 2161 Mussaenda variabilis Hemsl. E Myrialepis scortechinii Becc 197] Myrica nagi Thunb. 1581 Myristica bivalvis Hook. f. 1589 Myristica brachiata King B Myristica bracteata DC. 1615 Myristica cantleyi Hook. f. 1606 Myristica cinnamomea king 1610 Myristica conferta King 1598 247 248 Myristica crassa King 1610 Myristica crassifolia Hook. f. 1586 Myristica elliptica Wall. 1611 Myristica farquhariana Wall. —1584a,b Myristica ferruginea Wall. 1583 Myristica forbesii King 1585 Myristica glauca Bl. 1601 Myristica glaucescens Hook. f. 1607 Myristica hookeriana Wall. 1603 Myristica iners Bl. 1612 Myristica intermedia Bl. 1604 Myristica irya Gaertn. 1588 Myristica laurina Bl. 1606 Myristica longifolia Wall. 1600 Myristica lowiana King 1613 Myristica majuscula King 1590b Myristica oblongifolia King B Myristica pendulina Hook. D Myristica polysphaerula Hook. f. 1590a Myristica succosa King 1593 Myristica superba Hook. f. 1594 Myristica wallichii Hook. f. 1596 Myristica wrayi King 1601 Myrmecodia echinata Jack 2165 Myrsine capitellata Wall. E Najas minor All. 1696 Neesia synandra Mast. 467 Nenga wendlandiana var. malaccensis 1972 Nepenthes albomarginata Lobb © Nepenthes ampullaria Jack 1697 Nepenthes gracilis 1698 Nepenthes phyllamphora Willd. 1701 Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack 1700 Nepenthes reinwardtii Miq. B Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl. 1876 Nephelium eriopetalum Miq. 2255 Nephelium glabrum Noronha B Nephelium lappaceum L. 2256 Nephelium rufescens Hiern 2257 Nephrodium aridum Don 3] Nephrodium cucullatum Bl. 155 Nephrodium heterocarpon Bl. 153 Nephrodium latebrosum Kze. E Nephrodium molle Desv. ?? 33 Nephrodium molle Desv. var. procurrens E Nephrodium molle Desv. var. didymosorum aa Nephrodium molle Desv. var. amboinense Nephrodium pennigerum BI. Nephrodium polycarpum Nephrodium tectum Wall. Nephrodium truncatum Presl Nephrodium unitum L. Nephrodium urophyllum Wall. Nephrolepis acuta Pres| Nephrolepis duffii Nephrolepis exaltata L. Nephrolepis volubilis J. Sm. Neptunia oleracea Lour. Neuwiedia curtisii Rolfe Neuwiedia griffithii Rchb. f. Neuwiedia lindleyi Rolfe Niphobolus acrostichoides Sw. Niphobolus adnascens Sw. Niphobolus penangianus Hook. Norrisia malaccensis Garden. Nypa fruticans Wurmb Oberonia anceps Lindl. Oberonia ciliolata Hook. f. Oberonia dissitiflora Rid). Oberonia lunata Lindl. Oberonia miniata Lindl. Ochanostachys amentacea Oliv. Ochlandra ridleyi Gamble Ochthocharis borneensis Cogn. Ochthocharis javanica Bl. Ochthocharis paniculata Korth. Ocimum basilicum L. Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Oldenlandia dichotoma Retz. Oldenlandia diffusa L. Oldenlandia trinervia Retz. Olea maritima Wall. Oncosperma horridum Scheff. Oncosperma tigillarium Griff. Ophioglossum nudicaule L. Ophioglossum pendulum L. Ophiorrhiza harrisiana Heyne Orania macrocladus Mart. Ormosia macrodisca Bak. Ormosia microsperma Bak. Ormosia parvifolia Bak. Orophea hastata King Osmelium maingayi King Ostodes macrophylla Ostodes muricata var. minor C Oxalis corniculata L. 1931 Oxyanthera decurva Hook. f. 1911 Oxyanthera elata Hook. f. 1910 Oxymitra affinis King B Oxymitra calycina King 290 Pachycentria glauca Triana 1446 Pachycentria macrorhiza Becc. 1459 Pachycentria tuberculata 1459 Pachynocarpus wallichii King 786 Paederia foetida L. 2177 Paederia tomentosa Bl. 2176 Paederia verticillata 2177 Pandanus atrocarpus Griff. 1993 Pandanus fascicularis Lam. 1996 Pandanus houllettei Carr. 1994 Pandanus laevis Rumph D Pandanus ornatus Kurz 1995 Pandanus parvus 1997 Pandanus sp. “stems slender...” E Pandanus sp. near P. helicopus E Pandanus sp. “A tall plant...” E Panicum auritum Presl 1074 Panicum colonum L. 1033 Panicum crus-galli L. 1034 Panicum distachyum L. 1006 Panicum indicum L. 1094 Panicum latifolium L. 997 Panicum luzonense Presl 1076 Panicum myosuroides Br. 1095 Panicum nodosum Kth. 1073 Panicum ovalifolium Poitr. 1075 Panicum patens L. 1017 Panicum pilipes Nees 1018 Panicum repens L. 1078 Panicum sarmentosum Roxb. 1079 Parameria glandulifera Benth. 325 Parameria polyneura Benth. 354 Paramignya grandiflora Oliv. B Paramignya longispina Hook.f. 2236 Paranephelium macrophyllum King2259 Parastemon urophyllus DC. $33 Parinarium costatum Bl. 534 Parinarium griffithianum Benth. 332 Parinarium nitidum Hook. f. 531 Parinarium oblongifolium Hook. f. 535 Parishia maingayi Hook. f. 263 Parishia paucijuga Eng]. 264 Parishia pubescens Hook. f. 262 Parkia speciosa Hassk. 1334 Parsonsia spiralis Wall. 355 Paspalum conjugatum Berg. 1080 Paspalum distichum Burm. 1085 Paspalum longiflorum Retz. 1026/1031 Paspalum sanguinale Lam. 1023/1029/ 1030a,b Paspalum scrobiculatum L. 1084 Passiflora foetida 2003 Passiflora minima 2005 Passiflora quadrangularis D Passiflora suberosa 2005 Payena costata King E Payena leerii Benth. 2219 Peliosanthes violacea Wall. 1368 Peliosanthes viridis Rid]. 1368 Pellacalyx axillaris Korth. 2071 Pellacalyx saccardianus Scott. 2072 Pellionia javanica Wedd. C Peltophorum ferrugineum Benth. 1335 Pemphis acidula Forst. 1397 Pentace triptera Mast. 2391 Pentapetes phoenicea L. D Pentaphragma begoniaefolium Wall. 2008 Peperomia exigua Miq. 2011 Peristrophe acuminata Nees 206 Peristrophe montana Nees 207 Perotis latifolia Ait 1088 Petunga venulosa Hook. 2130 Phaeanthus lucidus Oliver B Phaeanthus nutans Hk. f. 305 Philydrum lanuginosum 2009 Phoebe declinata Nees 1235 Phoebe opaca Bl. 1236 Phoebe sumatrana Miq. E Phoenix sp. E Phrynium griffithii Bak. 1418 Phyllanthus coriaceus Wall. B Phyllanthus distichus Muell. D Phyllanthus madraspatensis L. B Phyllanthus niruri Wall. 936 Phyllanthus pectinatus Hook. f. 938 Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. D Physostelma wallichii Wight 434 Phytocrene bracteata Wall. 1172 Phytocrene oblonga Wall. B Pilea muscosa Lindl. 2415 Pimelandra wallichii DC. 1626 249 250 Pinanga coronata Bl. B Pinanga disticha Bl. 1978 Pinanga malaiana Scheff. 1980 Pinanga paradoxa Scheff.? B Pinanga polymorpha Becc. C Piper caninum Bl. 2012 Piper chaba L. 2013 Piper maingayi Hook. f. 2016 Piper miniatum Bl. 2018 Piper muricatum Bl. 2019 Piper pedicellosum Wall. 2021 Piper porphyrophyllum N.E. Br. — 2022 Piper sarmentosum 2025 Piper sumatrana Cas. 2024 Pipturus mollisimus Wedd. 2413 Pistia stratiotes L. 397 Pithecellobium angulatum Benth. 1259 Pithecellobium bubalinum Benth. B Pithecellobium clypearia Benth. 1259 Pithecellobium confertum Benth. 1257 Pithecellobium contortum Matt. 1260 Pithecellobium ellipticum Hassk. 1261 Pithecellobium lobatum Benth. 1263 Pithecellobium microcarpum Benth.1264 Pittosporum ferrugineum Ait 2027 Plagiostachys lateralis Ridl. 2500 Plantago major L. 2028 Platycerium biforme Bl. Z2 Platycerium grande Sm. C Platyclinis longifolia Hemsl. 1829 Plectocomia griffithii Becc. 1984 Pleocnemia gigantea Bl. B Pleopeltis angustata Sw. 138 Pleopeltis longifolia Mett. 79 Pleopeltis nigrescens Bl. 119 Pleopeltis phymatodes L. 120 Pleopeltis punctata L. 108 Pleopeltis sinuosa Wall. 110 Pleopeltis stenophylla Bl. B Plocoglottis foetida Ridl. 1892 Plocoglottis javanica Bl. 1893 Plocoglottis porphyrophylla Ridl. 1894 Pluchea indica Less. 577 Plumbago zeylanica L. 2028 Podocarpus neglectus Bl. B Podocarpus neriifolia Don B Podochilus microphyllus Lindl. 1895 Pogonanthera reflexa Bl. 1462 Pogonia punctata Bl. Won 7 y. Pollia sorzogonesis Endl. 552 Polyalthia bullata King 307 Polyalthia macropoda King 315 Polyalthia scortechinii King 316 Polyalthia sumatrana King 318 Polybotrya appendiculata Willd. 26 Polygala brachystachya Bl. 2029 Polygonum barbatum L. 2041 Polygonum flaccidum Meissn. B Polygonum pedunculare Wall. B Polyosma fragrans Benn. B Polyosma ridleyi King 2289 Polypodium adspersum Bl. C Polypodium decorum Brack. 35 Polypodium setigerum Bl. C Polypodium streptophyllum Bak. B Polystachya singapurensis Ridl. 1896 Polytrias praemorsa Hack. 1091 Pometia alnifolia Radlk. 2260 Pometia gracilis King 2260 Pongamia glabra Vent. 1336 Popowia ramosissima Hk. f. 320 Popowia tomentosa Maing. 321 Portulaca oleracea L. 2047 Portulaca quadrifida L. 2049 Pothos curtisii Hook. f. 396 Pouzolzia indica L. 2419 Pouzolzia pentandra Benn. E Pratia begonifolia Lindl. 498 Premna cordifolia Roxb. B Premna coriacea Clarke E Premna corymbosa Roth. 2435 Premna flavescens var. rubens E Premna integrifolia var. angustior 2435 Premna parasitica Bl. 2437 Prismatomeris albidiflora Thw. 2182 Prosaptia contigua Sw. B Psilotum complanatum Sw. 130 Psilotum flaccidum Wall. 130 Psychotria angulata Korth. 2183 Psychotria griffithii Hook. f. 2185 Psychotria helferiana Kurz. 2186 Psychotria maingayi Hook. f. 2187 Psychotria malayana Jack 2188 Psychotria montana var. tabacifolia Wall. B Psychotria morindaeflora Wall. B Psychotria ovoidea Wall. 2190 Psychotria polycarpa Miq. 2189 Psychotria sarmentosa Bl. Psychotria sp. “green flowers” Psychotria sp. “grey green fruits” Psychotria stipulacea Pteleocarpa malaccensis Oliv. Pteris agilina L. Pteris ensiformis Burm. Pteris longifolia L. Pterisanthes coriacea Korth. Pternandra capitellata Jack Pternandra coerulescens Jack Pternandra paniculata Benth. Pterospermum blumeanum Korth. Pterospermum diversifolium Bl. Ptychopyxis costata Miq. Ptychoraphis singaporensis Becc. Pupalia atropurpurea Miq. Pycreus nitens Nees Pycreus polystachyus Beauv. Pygeum lanceolatum Hook. f. Pygeum maingayi Hook. f. Pygeum persimile Kurz Pygeum polystachyum Hook. f. Pyrenaria acuminata Planch. Pyrenaria kunstleri King Quercus bennettii Miq. Quercus cantleyana Quercus conocarpa Oudem. Quercus cyclophora Endl. Quercus encleisacarpa Korth. Quercus hystrix Korth. Quercus lamponga Miq. Quercus lucida Roxb. Quercus oidocarpa Korth. Quercus spicata var. gravipes Quercus sundaica Quercus wallichiana Lindl. Randia angulosa Wall. Randia anisophylla Jack Randia densiflora Benth. Randia fasciculata DC. Randia longiflora Lam. Randia macrophylla Br. Raphidophora gracilipes Hook. f. Raphidophora lobbii Schott Raphidophora minor Hook. f. Raphistemma pulchellum Wall. Remirea maritima Aubl. Renanthera alba Ridl. Renanthera elongata Lindl. 1899 Renanthera maingayi Hook. f. 1744 Renantherella histrionica Ridl. 1900 Rhizophora conjugata L. 2073 Rhizophora mucronata Lmk. 2074 Rhodamnia trinervia Bl. 1690 Rhododendron javanicum vat. tubiflorum 820 Rhododendron lampongum Miq. 820 Rhodomyrtus tomentosus Wight 1691 Rhynchospora glauca var. chinensis 721 Rhynchospora malasica Clarke 719 Rhynchospora wallichiana Kunth 720 Rhynchospra aurea Vahl 718 Rhyncostylis gigantea Rid. 1901 Rottboellia glandulosa Trin. 1070 Roucheria griffithiana Planch. 1369 Rourea acuminata Hook. f. 602 Rourea concolor Bl. 601 Rourea fulgens Planch. 600 Rourea parallela Planch. 601 Rourea pulchella Planch. 602 Rourea rugosa Planch. 603 Rourea similis Bl. 601 Rubus glomeratus Bl. 2080a Rubus moluccanus L. 2080b Ruellia repens L. 209 Ryparosa hullettii King 982 Saccolabium perpusillum Hook. f. 1904 Salacia flavescens Kurz 526 Salacia grandiflora Kurz 524 Salacia latifolia Wall. 522 Salacia lobbii Laws. aif Salacia longiflora Hook. E Salacia prinoides DC. $22 Salacia sp. 526 Salacia viminea Wall. 527 Salomonia aphylla Griff. B Salomonia cantoniensis Lour. 2031 Salomonia oblongifolia Dec. B Sandoricum indicum Lmk. 1499 Sandoricum radiatum King 1499 Santiria apiculata Benn. 488 Santiria laevigata B\. 491 Santiria laxa King 486 Santiria multiflora Benn. 493 Sapium discolor Muell. 945 Sapium indicum Roxb. 946 Saprosma sp. E 251 252 Sarauja tristyla Miq. Sarcanthus halophilus Sarcocephalus junghuhnii Miq. Sarcocephalus maingayi Hav. Sarcocephalus sp. Sarcocephalus subditus Miq. Sarcochilus adnatus Rid. Sarcochilus caligaris Ridl. Sarcolobus globosus Wall. Sauropus albicans Bl. Scaevola koenigii Vahl Schismatoglottis longipes Miq. Schismatoglottis wallichii Hook. f. Schizaea dichotoma Sw. Schizaea digitata Sw. Schizoloma ensifolium Sw. Schizoloma heterophylla Dry. Schizoloma lobata Por. Schizoloma media R. Br. Schoenus calostachyus Poir. Sciaphila affinis Becc. Scindapsus hederaceus Schott Scindapsus pictus Hassk. Scirpodendron costatum Kurz Scirpus grossus L. f. Scirpus mucronatus L. Scleria bancana Miq. Scleria biflora Roxb. Scleria caricina Benth. Scleria levis Retz. Scleria multifoliata Boeck. Scleria oryzoides Pres| Scleria radula Hance Scleria ridleyi Clarke Scleria sumatrensis Retz. Scleria zeylanica Poir. Scleropyrum maingayi Hook. f. Scolopia rhinanthera Clos. Scoparia dulcis L. Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc. 723 724 ‘ho 729 727 728 732 734 733 737 730 736 Pbk) 2245 984 2312 1713 Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. Sebastiania chamalaea Muell. Selaginella atroviridis Spring. Selaginella plumosa Bak. Selaginella sp. (6547) Selaginella trichobasis Bak. Selaginella willdenowii Bak. Seliguea membranacea Hook. 2199 948 147 Selliguea feei Hook. Serianthes grandiflora Benth. Sesamum indicum L. Sesbania paludosa Roxb. Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Setaria glauca Beauv. Shorea bracteolata King Shorea gibbosa Brandis Shorea gratissima Dyer Shorea leprosula Migq. Shorea macroptera Dyer Shorea parvifolia Dyer Shorea pauciflora King Sida carpinifolia L. Sida rhombifolia L. Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hook. Sideroxylon maingayi Clarke Sideroxylon malaccense Clarke Sindora intermedia Bak. Sindora wallichiana Benth. Sloanea javanica Miq. Sloetia sideroxylon Teysm. Smilax barbata Wall. Smilax calophylla Wall. Smilax megacarpa Roxb. Smilax myosotiflora A. DC. Smythea pacifica Seem. Smythea reticulata King Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Solanum biflorum Lour. Solanum melongena L. Solanum nigrum L. Solanum sarmentosum Nees Solanum torvum Sw. Sonerila heterophylla Herb. Sonerila moluccana Roxb. Sonerila obliqua Korth. Sonneratia acida L. Sonneratia alba Smith Sonneratia griffithii Kurz Spathoglottis plicata Bl. Spatholobus ferrugineus Benth. Spatholobus maingayi Prain Spatholobus ridleyi Prain Spermacoce hispida L. Spermacoce ocymoides Burm. Spermacoce scaberrima Bl. Sphaeranthus africanus L. Sphaerocaryum elegans Nees Sphenodesme pentandra Jack 2440 Spilanthes acmella L. 554 Sporobolus indicus L. 1105a Stachytarpheta indica Vahl 2442 Stachytarpheta mutabilis 2444 Stelechocarpus burahol Hook. f. C Stemona tuberosa Lout. B Stenochlaena palustris L. 156 Stephania hernandifolia Wall. B Stephanotis maingayi Hook. f. 446 Sterculia laevis Wall. 2350 Sterculia macrophylla Vent. 2353 Sterculia parviflora Vent. 2354 Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. 2355 Sterculia scaphigera 2347 Stereospermum chelonoides DC. 461 Stereospermum hyposticta Miq. 459 Streblus asper Lour. B Streptocaulon wallichii Wight C Striga lutea Lour. 2314 Strombosia rotundifolia King 1714 Strophanthes brevicaudatus Wight 357 Strophanthes dichotomus DC. 356 Strychnos malaccensis Benth. S77 Strychnos pubescens Clarke E377 Strychnos tieute Bl. 1378 Styrax benzoin Dryand. 2357 Styrax crotonoides Clarke 2359 Susum anthelminticum Bl. 1147 Symplocos adenophylla Wall. 2359 Symplocos celastrifolia Griff. 2361 Symplocos fasciculata Zoll. 2362 Symplocos rigida Clarke 2360 Symplocos rubiginosa Wall. 2365 Symplocos sp. 2363 Symplocos spicata Roxb. B Synedrella nodiflora Gaertn. 582 Syngramma alismifolia Hook. 157 Syngramma wallichii Hook. 157 Tabernaemontana coronaria Roxb. D . Tabernaemontana corymbosa Roxb. 358 Tabernaemontana malaccensis Hook. f. 359 Tacca cristata Jack 2366 Taeniophyllum serrula Hook. f. 1909 Taenitis blechnoides Willd. 158 Talauma elegans Miq. 1399 Talauma lanigera Hook. f. 1398 Tarrietia simplicifolia Mast. 2341 Tephrosia candida DC. D Tephrosia hookeriana 1337 Terminalia catappa L. 540 Terminalia phellocarpa King 541 Terminalia subspathulata King 542 Ternstroemia penangiana Choisy 2378/ 2378 Tetracera assa Dec. 750 Tetracera assa var. 747 Tetracera euryanda Vah. 748 Tetracera fagifolia Bl. 749 Tetracera macrophylla Wall. 750 Tetramerista glabra Miq. 2368 Thamnopteris nidus L. 17 Thelasis elongata Bl. 1912 Thespesia populnea Corr. 1412 Thismia aseroe Becc. 479 Thismia fumida Ridl. 480 Thoracostachyum bancanum 738 Thottea dependens 420 Thottea grandiflora Rottb. 421 Thrixspermum arachnites Rchb. f. 1915 Thrixspermum calceolus Rchb.f. 1915 Thrixspermum lilacinum Rchb.f. 1914 Thrixspermum notabile Rid. 1913 Thuarea sarmentosa Pers. 1109 Thunbergia alata Bojer. 214 Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. 216 Timonius finlaysonianus Wall. 2207 Timonius jambosella Thw. 2208 Timonius rumphii DC. 2209 Tinomiscium petiolare Miers 1513 Tinospora cordifolia Miers B Torenia mucronulata Benth. E Torenia polygonoides Benth. 2296 Tournefortia wallichii DC. 475 Toxocarpus griffithii Don 447 Trema angustifolia B1. 2405 Trema orientalis Bl. 2407 Trema timorensis Bl. 2406 Trichomanes digitatum Sw. B Trichomanes filicula Bory. E Trichomanes javanicum Bl. 172 Trichomanes maximum Bl. B Trichomanes motleyi v.d. Bosch 175 Trichomanes muscoides Sw. 173 Trichomanes parviflorum Poir. E Trichomanes rigidum Sw. 176 Trichosanthes celebica Cogn. 640 253 254 Trichosanthes wallichiana Wight Trichosanthes wawraei Cogn. Tridax procumbens L. Trigonachras acuta Radlk. Trigoniastrum hypoleucum Miq. Trigonochlamys griffithii Hook. f. Trigonostemon longifolius Baill. Triomma malaccensis Griff. Tristania merguensis Griff. Tristania whitiana Griff. Tristellateia australasiae Rich. Triumfetta pilosa Roth. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Turpinia pomifera DC. Tylophora tenuis Wall. Tylophora wallichii ? Hook. f. Typhonium roxburghii Schott Uncaria attenuata Korth. Uncaria ferrea DC. Uncaria gambir Roxb. Uncaria glabrata DC. Uncaria jasminiflora Wall. Uncaria ovata Hook. f. Uncaria pedicellata Roxb. Uncaria pteropoda Mig. Uncaria roxburghiana Korth. Unona dasymaschala Bl. Unona desmantha Hk. f. Unona discolor Vahl Unona dumosa Roxb. Unona longiflora Roxb. Unona stenopetala Uraria crinita Desv. Urceola brachysepala Hook. f. Urceola lucida Benth. Urceola maingayi Hook. f. Urceola malaccensis Hook. f. Urceola torulosa Hook. f. Urena lobata L. Urophyllum glabrum Bl. Urophyllum griffithianum Wt. Urophyllum hirsutum Wt. Urophyllum streptopodium Wall. Utricularia affinis var. griffithii Utricularia bifida L. Utricularia exoleta Br. Utricularia flexuosa Vahl Utricularia racemosa Wall. Uvaria dulcis Dunal. 641 642 583 2261 2395 490 952 494 1692 1694 1404 E 2394 Zod 450 Uvaria hirsuta Jack aay Uvaria lobbiana Hk. f. 329 Uvaria macrophylla Roxb. 324 Uvaria ridleyi King 328 Uvaria subrepanda Wall. 329 Vaccinium acuminatissimum Mig. 821 Vaccinium bancanum Mig. 823 Vaccinium malaccense Wight 822 Vallaris maingayi Hook. f. 345 Vandellia crustacea Benth. 2304 Vandellia hirsuta Benth. 2309 Vandellia pedunculata Griff. 2301 Vandellia scabra Benth. 2306 Vanilla griffithii Rchb. f. 1924 Vatica ridleyana Brandis 786/787 Ventilago leiocarpa Benth. 2056 Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn. B Vernonia arborea Ham. 584 Vernonia chinensis L. 586 Vernonia cinerea Less. 585 Vernonia scandens DC. 562 Viburnum sambucinum Reinwardt 506 Vigna retusa Walp. 1354 Vinca rosea L. 342 Viscum articulatum Burm. 1394 Viscum oreientale Willd. 1395 Vitex gamosepala 2447 Vitex negundo L. 2448 Vitex pubescens Vahl 2449 Vitex trifolia L. 2450 Vitex vestita Wall. 2451 Vitis cerasiformis Teysm. 2464 Vitis cinnamomea Wall. 2455 Vitis elegans Kurz 2456 Vitis furcata Laws. 2466 Vitis glaberrima Wall. 2464 Vitis gracilis Wall. 2457 Vitis japonica Thunb. B Vitis lawsoni King 2473 Vitis macrostachya Miq. 2467 Vitis mollissima Wall. 2460 Vitis novemfolia Wall. 2461 Vitis polythyrsa Migq. 2458 Vitis repens W. & Arn. 2465 Vitis sp. E Vitis trifolia L. 2462 Vittaria elongata Sw. 181 Vittaria scolopendrina Presl 181 Vrydagzynea albida Bl. 1925 Vrydagzynea lancifolia Ridl. Vrydagzynea tristriata Ridl. Webera fragrans Bl. Webera grandifolia Hook. f. Webera mollis Wall. Webera sp. (5961) Webera sp. (6147) Wedelia biflora DC. Wikstroemia indica Willughbeia coriacea Wall. Willughbeia firma Bl. Willughbeia flavescens Dyer Willughbeia grandiflora Dyer Willughbeia sp. (6023) Willughbeia tenuiflora Hook. f. Wolffia arhiza Wimm. Wormia pulchella Jack Wormia scortechinii King Wormia sp. Wormia suffruticosa Griff. Wormia tomentella Bl. Xanthophyllum affine Korth. Xanthophyllum ellipticum Korth. Xanthophyllum kunstleri King Xanthophyllum obscurum Benn. 746 741 2032 2034 2039 2037 Xanthophyllum palembanicum Migq.2032 Xerospermum muricatum Radlk. Xerospermum wallichii King Ximenia americana L. Xylia dolabriformis Benth. Xylopia caudata Hk. f. Xylopia dicarpa Hook. f. Xylopia ferruginea Hk. f. Xylopia magna Maingay Xylopia malayana Hk. f. Xylopia oxyantha Hk. f. Xylopia ridleyi King Xyris anceps Lam. Xyris schoenoides Matt. Zalacca conferta Griff. Zalacca wallichiana Matt. Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wight Zingiber gracile Jack Zingiber griffithii Bak. Zingiber puberula Ridl. Zingiber zerumbet Sm. Ziziphus calophylla Wall. Ziziphus elegans Wall. Ziziphus horsfieldi Miq. 2264 2264 1716 C 331la 335 332a 334 335 332b 215 2474 2475 1961 Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. Zornia diphylla Pers. Zoysia pungens Willd. 2060 1356 1114 aan 256 APPENDIX B: Species included by Ridley (1900) in the Flora of Singapore for which I have been unable to find any evidence of their occurrence in the wild within the Republic. The majority probably represent misapplied names rather than poorly localised collections. The name in bold type is that considered correct. This is preceded by the name used by Ridley, where it is different from the correct name. The number in square brackets represents the page number on which the species is found in Ridley (1900). A question mark indicates doubt concerning the species to which Ridley referred. Acacia pennata Will. [76] = Acacia pennata (L.) WILLD., Leguminosae. Adinandra maculosa T. Anders. [48] = Adinandra maculosa T. ANDERS. ex DYER, Theaceae. Aganosma marginata Don [111] = Aganosma marginata (Roxs.) G. Don, Apocynaceae. Agathis loranthifolia Salisb. [151] = Agathis borneensis W ars., Araucariaceae. Albizzia lucida Benth. [76] = Albizia lucidior (StEuD.) NIELSEN, Leguminosae. Alsodeia kunstleriana King [44] = Rinorea horneri (KorTH.) KUNTZE, Violaceae. Alsodeia membranacea King [44] = Rinorea macrophylla (DECNE.) KUNTZE, Violaceae. Antrophyum plantagineum Kaulf. [194] = Antrophyum plantagineum KaAuLF., Pteridophyta. Antrophyum reticulatum Kau cr. [194], Pteridophyta. Aporusa ficifolia Baill. [137] = Aporusa pseudo-ficifolia P. & H., Euphorbiaceae. Aporusa Stellifera Hook. f.[137]=Aporusa stellifera Hook. f., Euphorbiaceae. Ardisia humilis V Ani [105], Myrsinaceae. Artanema angustifolium Benru. [118], Scrophulariaceae. Artocarpus peduncularis King [147] = Artocarpus teysmannii Mig., Moraceae. Aspidium cicutorium Sw. [191]=Tectaria coadunata (J. SM.) C. Cur., Pteridophyta. Aspidium semibipinnatum Wall. [191] = Tectaria semibipinnatum (WALL. ex Hook. ) CopeL., Pteridophyta. Aspidium vastum BI. [191]=Tectaria vasta (BL.) CopgeL., Pteridophyta. Aspidium zollingerianum Kze. [191] = Tectaria brachiata (ZoLL. & Mor.) Morton, Pteridophyta. Asplenium falcatum Lam. [191], Pteridophyta. Asplenium squamulatum BL. [190], Pterodophyta. Barringtonia pendulum Miers [83] = ? Barringtonia pendula (Grirr.) Kurz, Lecythidaceae. Calophyllum canum Hook. f. [47], Guttiferae. Cassia siamea Lam. [74] = Senna siamea (Lam.) IRwin & BARNEBY, Leguminosae. Celastrus championii Benth. [63] = Celastrus monospermoides Logs., Celastraceae. Cephaelis griffithii Hook. f. [99], Rubiaceae. Ceratolobus kingianus Becc. [176], Palmae. Clerodendron paniculatum L. [124] = Clerodendrum paniculatum L., Verbenaceae. Coelodepas ferrugineum Hook. f. [141] = Koilodepas ferrugineum Hook. /., Euphorbiaceae. Combretum trifoliatum VENT. [80], Combretaceae. Croton olongifolium Roxb. [140]=Croton oblongifolius Roxs., Euphorbiaceae. Derris malaccensis PrRAiIn_ [72], Leguminosae. Derris oblonga Benth. (6086) [72] =Derris canarensis (DALz.) BAKER, Leguminosae. Diplazium pallidum B1.[191]=Diplazium pallidum (BL.) Moore, Pteridophyta. Diplazium speciosum Mert. [191], Pteridophyta. Dipterocarpus hasseltii BL. [49], Dipterocarpaceae. Dracontomelum mangiferum Bl. [68] = Dracontomelum dao (BLANCO) Merr. & Ro.re, Anacardiaceae. Drynaria splendens Hook. [193] = Aglaomorpha splendens (J.SM.) CopeL., Pteridophyta. Elaeocarpus apiculatus Mast. [55], Elaocarpaceae. Elaphoglossum latifolium Sw. [194] = Elaphoglossum angulatum (BL.) Moore, Pteridophyta. Eranthemum album Nees [121] = Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum (NEEs) Rip.., Acanthaceae. Erycibe coriacea Wall. [116] = Erycibe coriacea WALL. ex CHOIsy, Convolvulaceae. Eugenia anisosepala Durtuie [83], Myrtaceae. Eugenia bracteolata [82] = Eugenia fastigiata (BL.) K. & V., Myrtaceae. Eugenia laevicaulis DuTuie [82], Myrtaceae. Eugenia leptantha Wight [82] = Eugenia claviflora var. leptalea (CRarB) HEND., Myrtaceae. Eugenia thumra Roxb. [82] = Eugenia thumra Roxs. var. penangiana KING, Myrtaceae. Eurycles sylvestris Salisb. [167]=Proiphys amboinensis (L.) Hers., Amaryllidaceae. Evodia pedunculosa Hook. f. [56] = Tetractomia tetrandum (Roxs.) MeErr., Rutaceae. Ficus acamptophylla Mig. [145], Moraceae. Ficus altissima BL. [145], Moraceae. Ficus obtusifolia [145] = ? Ficus curtipes Corner, Moraceae. Ficus punctata THuns. [146], Moraceae. Ficus ribes Reinwdt. [146] = Ficus ribes ReINw. ex BL., Moraceae. Ficus sumatrana|[145]=Ficus sumatrana Mia., Moraceae. Flacourtia inermis CLARKE [44], Flacourtiaceae. Freycinetia gaudichaudii Benn. [172], Pandanaceae. Galeola altissima (BL.) Rcus. f. [163], Orchidaceae. Garcina cuspidata KING [46], Guttiferae. Geunsia farinosa Bl. [122] = Geunsia pentandra (Roxs.) MerR., Verbenaceae. 257 258 Glochidion coronatum Hook. f. [136] = Glochidion penangense (M.A.) Arry SHAw, Euphorbiaceae. Glochidion insulare Hook. f. [136], Euphorbiaceae. Glycosmis pentaphylla Corr. [56] = Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Corr., Rutaceae. Grewia fibrocarpa Mast. [54], Tiliaceae. Guioa squamosa RapDLk. [66], Sapindaceae. Gymnopteris presliana Hook. [194], Pteridophyta. Hedyotis vestita R. Br. [92] = Hedyotis vestita R. Br. ex G. Don, Rubiaceae. Heritiera fomes Bucu.-Ham. [53], Sterculiaceae. Homalomena singaporensis REGEL [178], Araceae. Hopea micrantha Hook. f. [50], Dipterocarpaceae. Hopea pierrei HANCE [50], Dipterocarpaceae. Humata sessilifolia B\. [189] = Humata sessilifolia (BL.) Merr., Pteridophyta. Lastrea crassifolia Bl. [191] = Mesophlebion crassifolium (BL.) HoLtr., Pteridophyta. Lecanopteris carnosa Bl. [188] = Lecanopteris carnosa (REINW.) BL., Pteridophyta. Limnophila conferta Benth. [118] = Limnophila repens (BENTH.) BENTH., Scrophulariaceae. Lindsaea rigida So. [189], Pteridophyta. Litsea panamonja Ham. [131] = Litsea panamanja (NeEs) Hook. f., Lauraceae. Litsea penangiana Hook. f. [131], Lauraceae. Litsea polyantha Juss. [132] = Litsea monopetala (Roxs.) Pers., Lauraceae. Lophopetalum curtisii King [62] = Lophopetalum pallidum _ Laws., Celastraceae. Lophopetalum fuscescens Kurz. [62] = Lophopetalum javanicum (ZOoLL.) TuRcz., Celastraceae. Machilus rimosus Bl. [131] = Persea rimosa (BL.) KosTERM., Lauraceae. Masea indica L. [103], Myrsinaceae. Melodinus orientalis BL. [109], Apocynaceae. Memecylon pauciflorum BL. [86], Melastomataceae. Micromelum hirsutum OLtiver [56], Rutaceae. Morinda tinctoria Roxb. [97] = Morinda tomentosa Rotu, Rubiaceae. Mucuna biplicata Teysm. [71] = Mucuna biplicata T. & B. ex Kurz, Leguminosae. Myristica brachiata King [129] = Horsfieldia brachiata (KING) WaRB., Myristicaceae. Myristica oblongifolia King [129]=Knema oblongifolia (KING) WARB., Myristicaceae. Nepenthes reinwardtii Migq. [126] = Nepenthes' reinwardtiana Muiq., Nepenthaceae. Nephelium glabrum Noronha [66] = Nephelium maingayi Hiern, Sapindaceae. Nephrodium pennigerum Bl. [192] = Sphaerostephanos penniger (HooK.) Ho tr., Pteridophyta. ee Niphobolus penangianus Hook. [193] = Pyrrosia penangiana (Hoox.) HOoLtr., Pteridophyta. Oxymitra affinis King [40] = Oxymitra affinis Hook. f. & THoms., Annonaceae. Paramignya grandiflora Oliv. [57] = Paramignya grandiflora WALL. ex OLIV., Rutaceae. Phaeanthus lucidus Oliver [41] = Phaeanthus crassipetalus BeEcc., Annonaceae. Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. [135], Euphorbiaceae. Phytocrene oblonga Wa tL. [61], Icacinaceae. Pinanga coronata Bl. [172] = Pinanga coronata (BL. ex Mart.) BL., Palmae. Pinanga paradoxa Scheff. [173]=Pinanga paradoxa (GriFr.) SCHEFF., Palmae. Pithecellobium bubalinum Benth. [77] = Archidendron bubalinum (JAck) NIELSEN, Leguminosae. Pleocnemia gigantea Bl. [191] = Tectaria trimeni (Bepp.) C. Cur., Pteridophyta. Pleopeltis stenophylla Bl. [193] = Crypsinus stenophyllus (BL.) Ho tr., Pteridophyta. Podocarpus neglectus Bl. [151] = Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don, Podocarpaceae. Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don [151], Podocarpaceae. Polygonum flaccidum Melssn. [126], Polygonaceae. Polygonum pedunculare Wa LL. [126], Polygonaceae. Polyosma fragrans BeENN. [78], Saxifragaceae. 259 Polypodium streptophyllum Bak. [192] = Acrosorus streptophyllus (BAk.) CopEL., Pteridophyta. Premna cordifolia Roxs. [123], Verbenaceae. Prosaptia contigua Sw. [189] = Ctenopteris contigua (G. Forst.) Hottr., Pteridophyta. Psychotria montana var. tabacifolia Wall. [98] = ? Psychotria montana BL., Rubiaceae. Psychotria morindaeflora Wall. [98] = Psychotria morindaeflora WALL. ex KING, Rubiaceae. Pyrenaria kunstleri Kinc [49], Theaceae. Quercus oidocarpa Korth. [149]=Quercus gaharuensis SOEPADMO, Fagaceae. Randia fasciculata DC. [94] =Fagerlindia fasciculata (Roxs.) TiRVENG., Rubiaceae. Rhaphidophora gracilipes Hook.f. [179], Araceae. Salomonia aphylla Griff. [45] = Epirixanthes elongata BL., Polygalaceae. Salomonia oblongifolia Dec. [45] = Salomonia ciliata (L.) DC., Polygalaceae. Seliguea membranacea Hook. [194] = Colysis membranacea (BL.) PRESL, Pteridophyta. Sesbania paludosa Roxb. [71] = Sesbania roxburghii Merr., Leguminosae. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. [117] = Solanum capsicoides ALL., Solanaceae. Sonerila heterophylla Herb. [84]=Sonerila heterophylla Jack, Melastomataceae. Stemona tuberosa Lour., [168], Stemonaceae. 260 Stephania hernandifolia Wall. [42] = Stephania japonica (THUNB.) MIERs, Menispermaceae. Streblus asper Lour. [143], Moraceae. Symplocos spicata Roxb. [107] = Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore ssp. laurina (RetTz.) Noogte., Symplocaceae. Tinospora cordifolia Miers [42] = Tinospora cordifolia (WILLD.) Hook. f. & TuHoms., Menispermaceae. Trichomanes digitatum Sw. [188], Pteridophyta. Trichomanes maximum BL. [188], Pteridophyta. Uncaria ferrea DC. [91] = Uncaria lanosa WALL. var. ferrea (BL.) Ripsp., Rubiaceae. Uncaria ovata Hook. f. [91] = Uncaria canescens KortTu., Rubiaceae. Unona longiflora Roxb. [39] = Desmos filipes (RipL.) Rip_., Annonaceae. Unona stenopetala [40] = Polyalthia stenopetala (Hook. f. & THoms.) RIDL., Annonaceae. Uvaria dulcis Dunal. [38] =Uvaria javana DuNAL, Annonaceae. Ventilago madraspatana GAkERTN. [63], Rhamnaceae. Vitis japonica Thunb. [65] = Cayratia japonica (THUNB.) GAGNEP., Vitaceae. Zalacca wallichiana Mart. [176] =Salacca rumphii WALL., Palmae. Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wicur [56], Rutaceae. Zingiber gracile Jack [165], Zingiberaceae. APPENDIX C: Species excluded by Ridley in his flora of Singapore (1900). Ridley corrected a number of earlier reports. The name in bold type is that considered correct. This is preceded by the name used by Ridley, where it is different from the correct name. The number in square brackets represents the page number on which the species is found in Ridley (1900). A question mark indicates doubt concerning the species to which Ridley referred. Adhatoda vasica Nees [122] = Justicia adhatoda L., Acanthaceae. Alocasia longiloba Mia. [177], Araceae. Ardisia odontophylla var. lobbii [105] = Ardisia odontophylla WaLL. ex A. DC. var. lobbii CLARKE, Myrsinaceae. Argostemma elatostemma Hook. [92], Rubiaceae. Argostemma parvifolium Benn. [92] = Argostemma hookeri Kina, Rubiaceae. Argostemma spinulosum CLarKE [92], Rubiaceae. Calamus diffusus Becc. [175] = Calamus oxleyanus T. & B., Palmae. Calycopteris floribunda Lam. [79] = Calycopteris floribunda (Roxs.) Lam., Combretaceae. Cleistanthus nitidus Hook. f. [135], Euphorbiaceae. Clerodendroncolebrookianum Walp. [124] = Clerodendrum colebrokianum WALpP., Verbenaceae. Clerodendron infortunatum Gaertn. [124] = Clerodendrum infortunatum L., Verbenaceae. Clerodendron ixoraeflorum Hassk. [124} =? Clerodendrum colebrokianum WALcp., Verbenaceae. Conocephalus scortechinii King [148] = Poikilospermum scortechinii (KING apud Hook. f.) Merr., Urticaceae. Conocephalus subtrinervius Migq. [148] = Poikilospermum microstachys (Barc.- Petr.) Merr., Urticaceae. Cyrtandra pilosa BL. [120], Gesneriaceae. Cyrtandromoea acuminata Benth. [120] = ? Cyrtandromoea subsessilis (Miq.) B.L. Burtt, Scrophulariaceae. Dacrydium elatum Wall. [150] = Dacrydium elatum (Roxs.) WALL. ex Hook., Podocarpaceae. Dendrobium junceum LINDL. [155], Orchidaceae. Dimorphocalyx capillipes Hook.f. [140] = Trigonostemon capillipes (Hook. /.) Airy SHAW, Euphorbiaceae. Elatostema molle Wedd. [148] = ? Eugenia helferi DuTHiE [81], Myrtaceae. Gardenia speciosa Hook. [95]= Gardenia tubifera WALL., Rubiaceae. Iguanura wallichiana Hook.f. [173] = Iguanura wallichiana (WALL. ex MART.) Hook. f., Palmae. Leptadenia reticulata WicutT [114], Asclepiadaceae. Licuala acutifida Marr. [174], Palmae. 261 262 Mallotus barbatus M.A. [141], Euphorbiaceae. Mallotus philippinensis Muell. [141] = Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) M.A., Euphorbiaceae. Melastoma decemfidum Jack [84] = Melastoma sanguineum SIMS, Melastomataceae. Melastoma molle WALL. [83], Melastomataceae. Nepenthes albomarginata Loss [126], Nepenthaceae. Ostodes muricata var. minor [140] = Dimorphocalyx muricatus (Hook. f.) Airy SHAW var. minor (Hook. f.) Airy SHAw, Euphorbiaceae. Pellionia javanica Wedd. [148] = Elatostema latifolium (BL.) H. Scur_t., Urticaceae. Phyllanthus coriaceus Wall. [135] = Phyllanthus pachyphyllus M.A., Euphorbiaceae. Pinanga polymorpha Becc. [173], Palmae. Platycerium grande Sm. [194] = Platycerium grande J. Sm. ex Hook., Pteridophyta. Polypodium adspersum Bl. [192] = Grammitis adspersa (BL.) BL., Pteridophyta. Polypodium setigerum B\. [192] =? Pupalia atropurpurea Migq. [126]=Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss., Amaranthaceae. Solanum biflorum Lour. [117] =? Stelechocarpus burahol Hook.f. [38] = Stelechocarpus burahol (BL.) Hook. f. & THoms., Annonaceae. Streptocaulon wallichii Wicut [111], Asclepiadaceae. ; Wikstroemia indica [133] = Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A. Mey., Thymelaeaceae. Xylia dolabriformis Benth. [76] = Xylia xylocarpa (Roxs.) THEoB., Leguminosae. APPENDIX D: Species Ridley (1900) gives as only cultivated in Singapore, or as occasional escapes from cultivation. The name in bold type is that considered correct. This is preceded by the name used by Ridley, where it is different from the correct name. The number in square brackets represents the page number on which the species is found in Ridley (1900). A question mark indicates doubt concerning the species to which Ridley referred. Acorus calamus L. [179], Araceae. Albizzia lebbek Benth. [76] = Albizia lebbeck (L.) BENtH., Leguminosae. Albizzia odoratissima Benth. [76]= Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) BENTH., Leguminosae. Aleurites moluccana Willd. [139] = Aleurites moluccana (L.) WILLD., Euphorbiaceae. Allamanda schottii Pohl [110] = ? Alocasia cucullata Schott [177]= Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don, Araceae. Amaranthus caudatus L. [125], Amaranthaceae. Amaranthus paniculatus L. [125] = Amaranthus hybridus L. ssp. cruentus (L.) THELL. var. paniculatus (L.) THELL., Amaranthaceae. Amaranthus viridus L. [125] = Amaranthus gracilis DESF., Amaranthaceae. Areca catechu L. [172], Palmae. Arenga saccharifera Labill. [174]=Arenga pinnata (WurMB) Me_rr., Palmae. Artemisia vulgaris L. [102], Compositae. Borassus flabellifer L. [176], Palmae. Calotropis procera R.Br. [111] = Calotropis procera (Air.) R. Br., Asclepiadaceae. Canna indica L. [166], Cannaceae. Canna warcewiczii [166] = Canna indica L., Cannaceae. Capsicum frutescens L. [117], Solanaceae. Capsicum grossum Willd. [117] = Capsi- cum annuum L., Solanaceae. Capsicum minimum [117] =? Clerodendron fallax Lindl. [124] = Clerodendrum speciosissimum vAN GEERT ex Morren = Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxs.) WaALp. var. fallax (LINDL.) BAKH., Verbenaceae. Clerodendron fragrans Vent. [124] = Clerodendrum philippinum ScHAUER = Clerodendrum chinense (OSBECK) MABBERLEY, Verbenaceae. Clerodendron siphonanthus R.Br. [124] = Clerodendrum indicum (L.) KUNTZE, Verbenaceae. Clerodendron squamatum Vahl [124] = Clerodendrum kaempferi (JAcq.) SIs. ex STEUD., Verbenaceae. Corchorus capsularis L. [54], Tiliaceae. Cosmos bipinnatus [102] = Cosmos bipinatus L., Compositae. Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. |165]=Curcuma zedoaria (CHRISTM.) ROSCOE, Zingiberaceae. Cynometra cauliflora L. [75], Leguminosae. 263 264 Datura fastuosa L. [117] = Datura metel L., Solanaceae. Dioscorea alata L. [168], Dioscoreaceae. Eranthemum andersoni Masters [121] = Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum (NEEs) Rip.., Acanthaceae. Eugenia jambolana Lam. [83] = Eugenia cumini (L.) Druce, Myrtaceae. Euphorbia tirucalli L. [134], Euphorbiaceae. Flacourtia catophracta Roxb. [44] = Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) RAEUSCH., Flacourtiaceae. Geunsiareevesii Wall. [122]=? Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & ARN., Verbenaceae. Homolanthus populifolius Grah. [142] = Homolanthus populneus (GEISEL.) PAx, Euphorbiaceae. Ipomoea batatus L. [117] = Ipomoea batatus (L.) Lam., Convolvulaceae. Ipomoea coccinea [117] = Ipomoea hederifolia L., Convolvulaceae. Ipomoea quamoclit L. [117], Convolvulaceae. Justicia gendarussa L. [122]=Gendarussa vulgaris Nees, Acanthaceae. Metroxylon rumphii Mart. [176] Metroxylon sagu Rorts., Palmae. Metroxylon sagus Rottb. [176] = Metroxylon sagu Rorts., Palmae. Myristica pendulina Hook. [130] Horsfieldia sylvestris (Houtr.) Wars., Myristicaceae. Pandanus laevis Rumph[171]=Pandanus tectorius PARKINSON ex “Z” var. laevis Wars., Pandanaceae. Passiflora quadrangularis L. [87], Passifloraceae. Pentapetes phoenicea L. [53], Sterculiaceae. Phyllanthus distichus Muell. [136] = Phyllanthus acidus (L.) SKEELS, Euphorbiaceae. Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. [135] = Phyllanthus pulcher WALL. ex M.A., Euphorbiaceae. Raphistemma pulchellum Wall. [112] = Raphistemma pulchellum (Roxs.) WALL., Asclepiadaceae. Solanum melongena L. [117], Solanaceae. Tabernaemontana coronaria Roxb. [110] = Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex R. & S., Apocynaceae. Tephrosia candida DC. [71] = Tephrosia candida (Roxs.) DC., Leguminosae. APPENDIX E Species given in Ridley (1900) that I have been unable to identify. Ridley was unable to name some collections from Singapore. These he referred to by collection numbers (usually numbers of four digits) or by brief descriptions. Abbreviated versions of these descriptions have been used for the unnamed species in the index.The number in square brackets represents the page number on which the species is found in Ridley (1900). Acanthospermum xanthoides DC. [102] Adinandra sp. (4004) “Mongol” [48] Alstonia grandifolia Miq. doubtful [110] Amorphophallus sp. [177] Aquilaria sp. [132] Ardisia sp. (6434) [105] Artocarpus sp. “medium sized tree” small leaves small green fruits, Botanic Gardens’ Jungle [148] Baccaurea sp. (6263), Botanic Gardens’ Jungle [139] Blyxa malaccensis Ridl. [152] Caesulia axillaris Roxb. [101] Canthium sp. (6506) [96] Castanopsis hystrix DC. [150] Castanopsis sp. like hullettii [150] Daemonorops accedens Bl. [176] Daemonorops crinita Bl. [176] Dendrobium kunstleri Hook. f. [155] Derris sp. (6087) [72] Diospyros sapotoides Kurz [107] Dischidia wallichii Wight [113] Glochidion desmogyne Hook. f. [136] Heptapleurum ellipticum Seem. [89] Hymenophyllum sp. (8938) [188] Ixora amoena Vahl [97] Ixora parviflora Vahl [97] Lasianthus crinitus Hook. f. [99] Lastrea appendiculata [191] Lastrea fuscipes Wall. [191] Lindera sp. [132] Lindsaya trapeziformis Dry. [189] Litsea longipes Meissn. [131] Litsea nitida Bl. [132] Litsea salicifolia Roxb. [132] Lycopodium taxifolium Sw. [185] Memecylon sp. (3840) [86] Memecylon sp. (4436) [86] Modecca populifolia Ham. [87] Morinda persicaefolia Ham. [97] Morinda sp. [97] Mussaenda variabilis Hemsl. [93] Myrsine capitellata Wall. [104] Nephrodium latebrosum Kze. [192] Nephrodium molle Desv. var. procurrens [192] Nephrolepis duffii [192] Pandanus sp. (stems slender) [172] Pandanus sp. near P. helicopus [172] Pandanus sp. “a tall plant” [172] Payena costata King [106] Phoebe sumatrana Mig. (1811) [131] Phoenix sp. [174] Pouzolzia pentandra Benn. [148] Premna coriacea Clarke [123] Premna flavescens var. rubens [123] Psychotria sp. “greenflowers” [98] Psychotria sp. “grey-green fruits” [98] Randia angulosa Wall. [94] Salacia longiflora Hook. buff flowers [63] Saprosma sp. [99] Sarcocephalus sp. (6381) [90] Schizoloma media R. Br. [190] Selaginella plumosa Bak. [195] Selaginella sp. (6547) [196] Spermacoce ocymoides Burm. [100] Torenia mucronulata Benth. [118] Trichomanes filicula Bory [188] Trichomanes parviflorum Poir. [188] Triumfetta pilosa Roth. [54] Vitis sp. [65] Webera sp. (5961) [94] Wormia sp. [37] 265 266 APPENDIX F: Index of the native and naturalized species included in the Flora of Syonan. Numbers refer to the taxa in the main text. The names appear, as in the original typescript, without authorities. The Flora of Syonan also included commonly cultivated species which have been omitted from Appendix F. Abacopteris menisciicarpa Abacopteris triphylla Abacopteris urophylla Abrus precatorius Abutilon indicum Acacia auriculiformis Acacia pseudo-intsia Acalypha indica Acanthospermum brasilium Achyranthes aspera AcriopSsis Javanica Acriopsis ridleyi Acroceras ridleyi Acroceras sparsum Acronychia porteri Acrostichum aureum Acrosticum speciosum Actephila excelsa Actephila javanica Actinodaphne glomerata Actinodaphne hullettii Actinodaphne maingayi Actinodaphne malaccensis Actinodaphne pruinosa Adenanthera bicolor Adenanthera pavonina Adenia singaporeana Adenoncos sumatrana Adenosacme malayana Adenosma caeruleum Adenosma capitatum Adenosma inopinatum Adenosma ovatum Adenostemma viscosum Adiantum capillus-veneris Adiantum hispidulum Adiantum stenochlamys Adina rubescens Adinandra acuminata Adinandra dumosa Adinandra hullettii Adinobotrys erianthus Aegiceras corniculatum Aeschynanthus parvifolia Aeschynanthus purpurascens Aeschynanthus radicans Aeschynanthus wallichii Aeschynomene indica Agelaea hullettii Agelaea vestita Agelaea wallichii Ageratum conyzoides Aglaia cordata Aglaia glabriflora Aglaia odoratissima Aglaia oligophylla Aglaia palembanica Aglaia trichostemon Aglaonema angustifolium Aglaonema griffithii Aglaonema oblongifolium Aglaonema pictum Aglaonema schottianum Agrostistachys gaudichaudii Agrostistachys sessilifolia Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum Agrostophyllum majus Agyneia bacciformis Alangium lamarckii Alangium nobile Alangium ridleyi Alangium tutela Albizia falcata Albizia littoralis Albizia pedicellata Alchornea javensis Alchornea villosa Allmania nodiflora 2370 2371 1320 1616 987 988 989 990 1254 592 591 592 556 1469 1472 1474 1475 1476 1482 379 376 378 377 379 830 831 1734 1735 951 233 231 232 228b 1333 1256 1255 832 833 235 Allophyllus cobbe Alloteropsis cimicina Alocasia denudata Alocasia macrorhiza Alpinia conchigera Alpinia galanga Alpinia melanocarpa Alpinia mutica Alpinia rafflesiana Alseodaphne bancana Alstonia angustifolia Alstonia angustiloba Alstonia spathulata Alternanthera sessilis Alysicarpus nummularifolius Alysicarpus vaginalis Alyxia lucida Amaranthus spinosus Ambullia sessiliflora Amomum hastilabium Amomum xanthophlebium Amoora cucullata Amoora rubescens Amoora rubiginosa Amorphophallus prainii Amylotheca duthieana Anacardium occidentale Anadendrum montanum Anaxagorea javanica Ancistrocladus pinangianus Aneilema nudiflorum Aneilema vaginata Angelesia nitida Angiopteris evecta Anisomeles ovata Anisophyllea disticha Anisophyllea griffithii Anisoptera costata Anisoptera laevis Anisoptera megistocarpa Anodendron candolleanum Anoectochilus geniculatus Anplectrum glaucum Anplectrum pallens Antiaris toxicaria Antidesma alatum Antidesma coriaceum Antidesma cuspidatum Antidesma velutinosum 2246 999 380 381 2482 2483 2481 2484 2485 1197 336 337 338 238 1258 1258 340a 240 2299 2486 2487 1470 1478 1479 382 1381 244 384 268a 2266 550 551 531 12 1180 2061 2062 762 763 764 340 1736 1420 1422 1518 836 834 835 837 Aphanamixis rohituka Aphyllorchis pallida Aporusa benthamiana Aporusa bracteosa Aporusa confusa Aporusa falcifera Aporusa frutescens Aporusa lunata Aporusa maingayi Aporusa nervosa Aporusa nigricans Aporusa prainiana Aporusa symplocoides Apostasia nuda Appendicula anceps Appendicula cornuta Appendicula lucida Aquilaria hirta Aquilaria malaccensis Arachnis hookeriana Arachnis maingayi Archytaea vahlii Ardisia colorata Ardisia crassa Ardisia elliptica Ardisia lanceolata Ardisia ridleyi Ardisia singaporensis Ardisia teysmanniana Ardisia tuberculata Ardisia villosa Aristolochia unguliflora Aromadendron elegans Artabotrys costatus Artabotrys crassifolius Artabotrys maingayi Artabotrys suaveolens Artabotrys wrayi Arthrophyllum diversifolium Artocarpus bracteatus Artocarpus dadah Artocarpus elasticus Artocarpus forbesii Artocarpus gomezianus Artocarpus kemando Artocarpus lanceifolius Artocarpus lowii Artocarpus maingayi Artocarpus rigidus 1483 1737 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 1738 1739 1740 1741 2380 2381 1743 1744 468 1617 1618 1620 1621 1623 1625 1626 1627 1628 419 1399 269 270 271 272 243 411 1578 1520 1521 579 1529 1526 1526 1527 1528 1530 267 268 Artocarpus scortechinii Artocarpus superbus Arundina graminifolia Arytera littoralis Asclepias curassavica Aspidopterys concava Asplenium batuense Asplenium glaucophyllum Asplenium longissimum Asplenium macrophyllum Asplenium nidus Asplenium phyllitidus Asplenium tenerum Asystasia coromandeliana Asystasia intrusa Athyrium cordifolium Athyrium crenatoserratum Athyrium esculentum Athyrium malaccense Athyrium pinnatum Athyrium prescottianum Athyrium riparium Athyrium sorzogonense Athyrium tomentosum Avicennia alba Avicennia lanata Avicennia officinalis Axonopus compressus Azolla pinnata Baccaurea bracteata Baccaurea griffithii Baccaurea hookeri Baccaurea kingii Baccaurea kunstleri Baccaurea lanceolata Baccaurea macrophylla Baccaurea maingayi Baccaurea minor Baccaurea motleyana Baccaurea parviflora Baccaurea pyriformis Baccaurea reticulata Baccaurea wallichii Bambusa vulgaris Barathranthus ascanthus Barclaya motleyi Barringtonia asiatica Barringtonia conoidea Barringtonia macrostachya 1531 1519 1745 2247 422 1402 14 18 15 16 17 19 20 125 196 45 46 47 48 52 50 51 53 54 451 454 453 1001 21 850 851 852 864 853 854 856 857 858 859 860 861 863 862 1004 1382 1703 1237 1238 1239 Barringtonia racemosa Barringtonia sumatrana Bauhinia semibifida Beilschmiedia kunstleri Beilschmiedia malaccensis Bidens pilosa Blechnum finlaysonianum Blechnum indicum Blechnum orientale Blumea balsamifera Blumea chinensis Blumea lacera Blumea membranacea Blumeodendron elateriospermum Blumeodendron tokbrai Blyxa malayana Boehmeria nivea Boerhavia diffusa Bolbitis diversifolia Bolbitis heteroclita Bonnaya brachiata Bonnaya reptans Bonnaya veronicaefolia Borreria hispida Borreria laevicaulis Borreria latifolia Borreria setidens Bouea macrophylla Bouea microphylla Brachiaria distachya Brachiaria mutica Breynia coronata Breynia discigera Breynia reclinata Breynia rhamnoides Bridelia pustulata Bridelia stipularis Bridelia tomentosa Bromheadia alticola Bromheadia aporoides Bromheadia finlaysoniana Brownlowia argentata Brownlowia lanceolata Brownlowia riedelii Brucea amarissima Bruguiera caryophylloides Bruguiera eriopetala Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Bruguiera parviflora 1240 1241 1265 1200 1201 557 558 562 560 561 865 865 1151 2411 1702 28 27 2304 2307 2302 2084 2085 2083 2088 245 246 1006 1007 866 867 868 869 872 873 874 1747 1748 1749 2386 2387 2386 2316 2063 2066 2064 2065 Bryophyllum calycinum Buchanania lucida Buchanania sessilifolia Bulbophyllum acuminatum Bulbophyllum adenopetalum Bulbophyllum apodum Bulbophyllum blumei Bulbophyllum botryophorum Bulbophyllum cleistogamum Bulbophyllum concinnum Bulbophyllum corneri Bulbophyllum limbatum Bulbophyllum macranthum Bulbophyllum makoyanum Bulbophyllum medusae Bulbophyllum membranaceum Bulbophyllum microbulbon Bulbophyllum patens Bulbophyllum pileatum Bulbophyllum pulchellum Bulbophyllum purpurascens Bulbophyllum rugosum Bulbophyllum sessile Bulbophyllum singaporeanum Bulbophyllum stella Bulbophyllum striatellum Bulbophyllum tenuifolium Bulbophyllum trifolium Bulbophyllum vaginatum Bulbophyllum vermiculare Bulbostylis barbata Bulbostylis puberula Burmannia coelestis Burmannia tuberosa Byttneria maingayi Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpinia bonducella Caesalpinia nuga Calamus aquatilis Calamus densiflorus Calamus diepenhorstii Calamus insignis Calamus javensis Calamus laxiflorus Calamus lobbianus Calamus ornatus Calamus oxleyanus Calamus pallidulus Calamus ridleyanus 634 247 248 1750 1756 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1779 EI97 1758 1760 1761 1762 1770 1765 1766 1767 1768 1771 1772 1773 1759 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 643 644 477 476 2336 1266 1266 1267 1937 1935 1936 1938 1939 1942 1941 1943 1944 1940 1945 Calanthe pulchra Callicarpa longifolia Calophanoides quadrifaria Calophyllum ferrugineum Calophyllum floribundum Calophyllum foetidum Calophyllum griffithii Calophyllum inophylloide Calophyllum inophyllum Calophyllum macrocarpum Calophyllum praineanum Calophyllum pulcherrimum Calophyllum retusum Calophyllum spectabile Calophyllum wallichianum Camarotis adnata Campnosperma auriculatum Campnosperma minor Canarium grandiflorum Canarium kadondon Canarium patentinervium Canarium pilosum Canarium purpurascens Canarium rufum Canarium secundum Canavalia obtusifolia Canavalia turgida Cansjera zyzyphifolia Canthium confertum Canthium didymum Canthium glabrum Canthium horridum Canthium molle Capparis finlaysoniana Carallia lucida Carallia scortechinii Carapa granatum Carapa moluccensis Cardiospermum halicacabum Carex cryptostachys Caryota mitis Casearia clarkei Casearia coriacea Casearia lobbiana Cassia alata Cassia hirsuta Cassia mimosoides Cassia obtusifolia Cassia occidentalis 1780 2420 195 1119 1130 1130 1132 1131 1120 1122 1130 1123 1119 1127 1125 1781 249 251 484 487 483 484 482 482 482 1272 1271 1728 2091 2195 2092 2093 2094 450 2067 2067 1502 1503 2248 645 1946 975 977 976 1339 1240 1276 1341 1342 269 270 Cassia tora 1343 Cleome ciliata 503 Cassytha filiformis 1202 Cleome viscosa 505 Castanopsis andersonii 959 Clerodendrum inerme 2423 Castanopsis hullettii 955 Clerodendrum laevifolium 2424 Castanopsis inermis 953 Clerodendrum myrmecophilum 2425 Castanopsis malaccensis 956 Clerodendrum villosum 2426 Castanopsis megacarpa OST Clidemia hirta 1419 Castanopsis nephelioides 958 Clitoria cajanifolia 1277 Castanopsis wallichii 960 Clitoria ternatea 1278 Casuarina equisetifolia 508 Cnestis ramiflora 593 Celosia argentea 241 Cocculus ovalifolius 1505 Centella asiatica 2408 Cocos nucifera 1947 Centella rotundifolia 2409 Coelodepas glanduligerum 913 Centipeda orbicularis 563 Coelogyne cumingii 1785 Centotheca lappacea 1010 Coelogyne foerstermanii 1786 Centranthera humifusa 2295 Coelogyne mayeriana 1787 Ceratopteris thalictroides 29 Coelogyne rochussennii 1788 Cerbera manghas 343 Coelogyne testacea 1789 Cerbera odollam 344 Coelorachis glandulosa 1070 Ceriops candolleana 2068 Coelospermum scandens 2089 Chamaeanthus laciniatus 1746 Coelostegia griffithii 462 Champereia manillana 1729 Coix lacryma-jobi 1014 Chassalia chartacea 2095 Coleus atropurpurea 1191 Chassalia pubescens 2097 Colocasia antiquorum 385 Cheilanthes tenuifolia 30 Colubrina asiatica 2054 Cheirorchis filiformis 1790 Combretum sundaicum 536 Chisocheton divergens 1487 Commelina attenuata 545 Chisocheton erythrocarpus 1485 Commelina beghalensis 546 Chisocheton macrophyllus 1486 Commelina nudiflora 547 Chisocheton pauciflorus 1488 Commersonia bartramia 2337 Chisocheton spicatus 1489 Connaropsis griffithii 1933 Chloranthus officinalis 528 Connaropsis macrophylla 1934 Chloris barbata 1012 Connarus ellipticus 595 Chrysophyllum roxburghii 2264 Connarus ferrugineus 594 Chrysopogon aciculatus 1013 Connarus grandis 597 Cinnamomum iners 1203 Connarus oligophyllus 596 Cinnamomum javanicum 1204 Connarus semidecandrus 598 Cinnamomum ridleyi 1205 Conocephalus amoenus 2417 Claderia viridiflora 1782 Conocephalus suaveolens 2418 Cladium glomeratum 709 Coptosapelta flavescens 2100 Claoxylon indicum 876 Coptosapelta griffithii 2098 Claoxylon longifolium 877 Coptosapelta parviflora 2099 Clausena excavata 2229 Corchorus acutangulus 2388 Cleistanthus heterophyllus 882 Cordia cylindristachya 470 Cleistanthus hirsutulus 878 Cordia obliqua 471 Cleistanthus macrophyllus 879 Corymbis veratrifolia 1791 Cleistanthus malaccensis 880 Coscinium wallichianum 1506 Cleistanthus myrianthus 881 Costus globosus 2488 Cleome aculeata 501 Costus lucanusianus 2489 Costus speciosus Cratoxylum arborescens Cratoxylum formosum Cratoxylum ligustrinum Crepis japonica Crinum asiaticum Crotalaria alata Crotalaria quinquefolia Crotalaria retusa Crotalaria saltiana Croton argyratus Croton caudatus Croton confusus Croton griffithii Croton heteropetalum Crypteronia griffithii Cryptocarya caesia Cryptocarya ferrea Cryptocarya griffithiana Cryptocarya impressa Cryptocarya kurzii Cryptocoryne ciliata Cryptocoryne griffithii Cryptostylis arachnites Curculigo latifolia Curculigo recurvata Cuscuta hygrophilae Cyanotis barbata Cyathea glabra Cyathea latebrosa Cyathea squamulata Cyathocalyx virgatus Cyathostemma hookeri Cyathostemma viridiflorum Cyclea laxiflora Cyclophorus acrostichoides Cyclophorus adnascens Cyclophorus angustata Cyclophorus varius Cyclosorus aridus Cyclosorus extensus Cyclosorus gongylodes Cyclosorus heterocarpus Cyclosorus parasiticus Cyclosorus subpubescens Cyclosorus sumatranus Cyclosorus truncatus Cyclosorus unitus Cymbidium finlaysonianum 2490 1160 1162 1161 590 243 1279 1283 1284 1282 883 885 888 888 886 637 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 386 387 1792 1165 1166 607 548 36 37 38 299 278 279 1507 140 139 138 139 31 10 39 153 33 34 34 126 155 1794 Cymbidium pubescens Cynanchum ovalifolium Cynodon dactylon Cynometra ramiflora Cyperus diffusus Cyperus distans Cyperus haspan Cyperus iria Cyperus malaccensis Cyperus pilosus Cyperus radians Cyperus rotundifolius Cyperus stoloniferus Cyperus uncinatus Cyperus zollingeri Cyrtandra pendula Cyrtococcum accrescens Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum Cyrtosperma lasioides Cyrtostachys lakka Cystorchis variegata Dacryodes laxa Dacryodes rostrata Dactyloctenium aegyptium Daemonorops angustifolia Daemonorops carcharodon Daemonorops didymophylla Daemonorops grandis Daemonorops hystrix Daemonorops leptopus Daemonorops longipes Daemonorops micrantha Daemonorops periacantha Dalbergia hullettii Dalbergia parviflora Dalbergia rostrata Dalbergia scortechinii Dalbergia stercoracea Dalbergia torta Dalbergia velutina Dapania scandens Daphniphyllum laurinum Davallia denticulata Davallia solida Decaspermum fruticosum Dehaasia microcarpa Dehaasia nigrescens Dendrobium acerosum Dendrobium aloifolium 1793 423 1016 1286 656 655 659 661 664 667 670 671 674 650 675 991 1017 1018 388 1948 1795 486 487 1019 1949 1949 1949 1952 1953 1955 1957 1958 1959 1287 1289 1290 1288 1288 1286 1291 1929 739 40 4] 1639 1212 1199 1796 1798 271 D2 Dendrobium bifarium 1799 Dialium maingayi 1304 Dendrobium callibotrys 1811 Dialium patens 1305 Dendrobium carnosum 1800 Dialium wallichii 1306 Dendrobium comatum 1852 Dianella ensifolia 1367 Dendrobium crocatum 1801 Dictyopteris irregularis 124 Dendrobium crumenatum 1802 Didymocarpus perdita 993 Dendrobium flabellum 1853 Didymocarpus platypus 992 Dendrobium flexile 1803 Didymoplexis pallens 1830 | Dendrobium grande 1803 Digitaria caespitosa 1026 | Dendrobium indivisum 1806 Digitaria chinensis 1031 Dendrobium kelsallii 1850 Digitaria longiflora 1026 Dendrobium laciniosum 1854 Digitaria marginata 1023/1029/1030 Dendrobium lamellatum 1807 Dillenia grandifolia 742 Dendrobium leonis 1808 Dillenia indica 743 Dendrobium lobatum 1809 Dillenia reticulata 745 Dendrobium lobbii 1810 Dilochia wallichii 1832 Dendrobium longicolle 1810 Dimeria ornithopoda 1031 Dendrobium pandaneti 1813 Dioclea reflexa 1307 Dendrobium pensile 1814 Diodia sarmentosa 2103 Dendrobium planibulbe 1815 Dioscorea bulbifera Tz Dendrobium prostratum 1816 Dioscorea glabra 799 Dendrobium pumilum 1812 Dioscorea hispida 754 Dendrobium revolutum 1818 Dioscorea laurifolia 755 Dendrobium salaccense 1819 Dioscorea polyclades 756 Dendrobium secundum 1820 Dioscorea prainiana 757 Dendrobium setifolium 1821 Dioscorea pyrifolia 758 Dendrobium sinuatum 1823 Dioscorea stenomeriflora 760 Dendrobium spurium 1825 Diospyros argentea 789 Dendrobium subulatum 1826 Diospyros bilocularis 798 Dendrobium teres 1822 Diospyros clavigera 791 Dendrochilum ellipticum 1828 Diospyros lucida 796 Dendrochilum longifolium 1829 Diospyros microphylla 790 Dendrophthoe pentandra 1384 Diospyros oblonga 799 Dentella repens 2101 Diospyros pyrifera 794 Deplanchea bancana 456 Diospyros styraciformis 801 Derris amoena 1292 Diplospora malaccensis 2104 Derris scandens 1294 Dipodium pictum 1833 Derris sinuata 1293 Dipteris conjugata a Derris thyrsiflora 1295 Dipterocarpus cornutus 767 Derris uliginosa 1296 Dipterocarpus penangianus 766 Desmodium heterophyllum 1300 Dischidia albida 424 Desmodium ovalifolium 1299 Dischidia bengalensis 426 Desmodium polycarpum 1299 Dischidia coccinea 427 Desmodium triflorum 1301 Dischidia collyris 425 Desmodium umbellatum 1302 Dischidia gaudichaudii 430 Desmos chinensis 280 Dischidia hirsuta 428 Desmos dasymaschala 281 Dischidia rafflesiana 427729 Desmos dumosus 282 Dischidia singaporensis 431 Dialium laurinum 1303 Dissochaeta annulata 1423 Dissochaeta celebica Dissochaeta gracilis Dissochaeta intermedia Dissochaeta pallida Dissochaeta punctulata Dolichandrone spathacea Donax grandis Dracaena aurantiacea Dracaena brachystachys Dracaena elliptica Dracaena granulata Dracaena maingayi Dracaena porteri Dracaena singapurensis Dracaena umbratica Drepananthus pruniferus Drepananthus ramuliflorus Drymoglossum piloselloides Drynaria sparsisora Drypetes pendula Duranta repens Durio griffithii Durio oblongus Dyera costulata Dysophylla auricularia Dysoxylum acutangulum Dysoxylum alliaceum Dysoxylum cauliflorum Dysoxylum costulatum Dysoxylum flavescens Dysoxylum macrothyrsum Dysoxylum thyrsoideum Dysoxylum turbinatum Echinochloa colona Echinochloa crus-galli Eclipta alba Egenolfia appendiculata Eichhornia crassipes Elaeocarpus ferrugineus Elaeocarpus floribundus Elaeocarpus griffithii Elaeocarpus hullettii Elaeocarpus littoralis Elaeocarpus mastersii Elaeocarpus nitidus Elaeocarpus pedunculatus Elaeocarpus petiolatus Elaeocarpus polystachyus Elaeocarpus salicifolius 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 457 1414 219 220 221 222 9) 224 225 226 274 274 141 57 889 2427 463 464 346 1192 1490 1491 1492 1491 1496 1492 1491 1495 1033 1034 567 26 2044 805 806 807 811 808 809 810a 812 813 814 810b Elaeocarpus stipularis Elaeodendron subrotundum Eleocharis capitata Eleocharis chaetaria Eleocharis ochrostachys Eleocharis plantaginea Eleocharis variegata Elephantopus scaber Elettariopsis curtisii Eleusine coracana Eleusine indica Ellipanthus griffithii Ellipeia cuneifolia Elytranthe albida Elytranthe arnottiana Embelia amentacea Embelia canescens Embelia coriacea Embelia garcinifolia Embelia lampani Embelia ridleyi Emblica officinalis Emilia sonchifolia Endopogon ridleyi Endospermum malaccense Engelhardtia nudiflora Enhalus koenigii Enhydra fluctuans Enhydrias angustipetala Enkleia malaccensis Entada spiralis Epipremnopsis media Epipremnum giganteum Epipremnum mirabile Eragrostis amabilis Eragrostis elegantula Eragrostis elongata Eragrostis malayana Eragrostis pilosa Eragrostis tenella Eragrostis viscosa Erechtites hieracifolia Erechtites valerianifolia Eria bractescens Eria floribunda Eria gracilis Eria hyacinthoides Eria javanica Eria longe-repens 816 512 680 682 681 679 681 568 2491 1036 1037 599 283 1385 1386 1629 1630 1631 1634 1633 1582 938 570 25 890 1179 1152 570 1150 2383 1308 383 389 390 1045 1038 1040 1042 1043 1044 1046 572 573 1834 1835 1920 1836 1837 1838 273 274 Eria neglecta Eria nutans Eria obliqua Eria pannea Eria pudica Eria pulchella Eria robusta Eria tenuiflora Eria teretifolia Eria velutina Eria vestita Eriachne pallescens Erigeron sumatrense Eriocaulon sexangulare Eriocaulon truncatum Erioglossum rubiginosum Erycibe festiva Erycibe griffithii Erycibe leucoxyloides Erycibe malaccensis Erycibe princei Eryngium foetidum Erythropalum scandens Erythroxylum cuneatum Eugenia acuminatissima Eugenia caudata Eugenia chlorantha Eugenia claviflora Eugenia conglomerata Eugenia crenulata Eugenia cymosa Eugenia densiflora Eugenia duthieana Eugenia filiformis Eugenia glauca Eugenia goodenovii Eugenia grandis Eugenia griffithii Eugenia linocieroidea Eugenia longiflora Eugenia microcalyx Eugenia myrtifolia Eugenia ngadimaniana Eugenia nigricans Eugenia oblongifolia Eugenia pachyphylla Eugenia palembanica Eugenia papillosa Eugenia penangiana 1843 1844 1841 1842 1844 1845 1846 1847 1843 1921 1922 1047 565 824 825 2252 609 610/612 611 613 614a 2409 1710 826 1647 1642 1644 1645 1646 1675 1686 1648 1649 1650 1652 1680 1653 1654 1659 1660 1661 1668 1664 1665 1667 1669 1670 1671 1640 Eugenia polyantha Eugenia pseudoformosa Eugenia pseudosubtilis Eugenia punctulata Eugenia pustulata Eugenia ridleyi Eugenia rugosa Eugenia scoparia Eugenia spicata Eugenia subdecussata Eugenia subrufa Eugenia tumida Eugenia urceolata Eugenia venulosa Eulalia praemorsa Eulophia graminea Eulophia squalida Euonymus jJavanicus Euphorbia atoto Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia thymifolia Eurya acuminata Eurycoma longifolia Euthemis leucocarpa Euthemis minor Evodia glabra Evodia malayana Evodia robusta Evolvulus alsinoides Excoecaria agallocha Fagraea auriculata Fagraea fragrans Fagraea gigantea Fagraea ligustrina Fagraea obovata Fagraea racemosa Fagraea ridleyi Fibraurea chloroleuca Ficus alba Ficus annulata Ficus apiocarpa Ficus benjamina Ficus binnendykii Ficus bracteata Ficus callicarpa Ficus caulocarpa Ficus chartacea Ficus chrysocarpa 1674 1676 1677 1643 1678 1679 1680 1641 1682 1685 1654 1654 1657 1662 1091 1848 1849 319 891 892 893 894 PK 2317 1706 1707 2230 2232 2231 615 895 1371 1372 1373 1374 1370 1374 1375 1508 1552 1533 1534 1537 1538 1540 1535 1541 1542 1536 Ficus consociata Ficus diversifolia Ficus dubia Ficus excavata Ficus fistulosa Ficus glandulifera Ficus globosa Ficus indica Ficus laevis Ficus microstoma Ficus microsyc Ficus miquelii Ficus obscura Ficus pisifera Ficus procera Ficus pumila Ficus ramentacea Ficus recurva Ficus religiosa Ficus retusa Ficus rigida Ficus rostrata Ficus truncata Ficus urophylla Ficus variegata Ficus vasculosa Ficus villosa Ficus xylophylla Fimbristylis acuminata Fimbristylis aestivalis Fimbristylis asperrima Fimbristylis complanata Fimbristylis diphylla Fimbristylis ferruginea Fimbristylis fusca Fimbristylis globulosa Fimbristylis leptoclada Fimbristylis miliacea Fimbristylis nutans Fimbristylis obtusata Fimbristylis pauciflora Fimbristylis polytrichoides Fimbristylis schoenoides Fimbristylis setacea Fimbristylis spathacea Fimbristylis tetragona Finlaysonia obovata Flacourtia rukam Flagellaria indica 1543 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1560/1571 1555 1561 1558 1539 1559 1560 1544 1562 1567 1563 1564 1557 1570 1569 1565 1553 1553 1574 1575 1577 684 692 688 685 687 689 690 691 693 694 695 696 698 699 700 684 686 701 432 978 985 Flemingia strobilifera Fleurya interrupta Floscopa scandens Flueggia virosa Forrestia gracilis Forrestia marginata Freycinetia confusa Freycinetia lucens Freycinetia malaccensis Freycinetia valida Fuirena umbellata Gaertnera acuminata Gaertnera grisea Gaertnera obesa Gaertnera viminea Gahnia tristis Galearia affinis Galearia finlaysonii Galearia fulva Galearia phlebocarpa Galearia wallichii Galeola kuhlii Ganua motleyana Garcinia atroviridis Garcinia bancana Garcinia eugeniaefolia Garcinia forbesii Garcinia gaudichaudii Garcinia griffithii Garcinia hombroniana Garcinia nervosa Garcinia nigrolineata Garcinia parvifolia Garcinia rostrata Gardenia griffithii Gardenia tubifera Gardeniopsis longifolia Gastrodia javanica Gelonium glomerulatum Genianthus maingayi Geophila pilosa Gironniera nervosa Gironniera subaequalis Girroniera parvifolia Gleichenia laevigata Gleichenia linearis Globba leucantha Globba pendula Glochidion brunneum 215 276 Glochidion desmocarpum Glochidion glomerulatum Glochidion kunstlerianum Glochidion laevigatum Glochidion leiostylum Glochidion littorale Glochidion maingayi Glochidion microbotrys Glochidion pedunculatum Glochidion perakense Glochidion sericeum Glochidion singaporense Glochidion superbum Glochidion trilobum Glochidion trilobum Glycosmis citrifolia Glycosmis malayana Gmelina asiatica Gmelina elliptica Gmelina hystrix Gomphandra affinis Gomphia corymbosa Gomphia hookeri Gomphia oblongifolia Gomphia sumatrana Goniothalamus malayanus Goniothalamus ridleyi Goniothalamus tapis Gonocaryum longeracemosum Gonystylus maingayi Gordonia multinervis Gordonia penangensis Gordonia singaporeana Grammatophyllum speciosum Grewia blattaefolia Grewia omphacarpa Grewia umbellata Guettarda speciosa Guioa bijuga Guioa pleuropteris Guioa pubescens Gymnacranthera farquhariana Gymnacranthera forbesii Gymnacranthera murtoni Gymnopetalum quinquelobum Gynandropsis pentaphylla Gynochthodes coriacea Gynochthodes sublanceolata Gynotroches axillaris Ort 901 903 902 907 904 899 905 899 906 908 909 910 905 Sit 2234 2233 2428 2429 2430 1168 1705 1704 1708 1708 295 296 297 1169 bee 2373 2374 2375 1851 2390 2391 2389 2113 2249 2250 2251 1584a/b 1585 1583 639 502 2114 2115 2069 Gynura sarmentosa Habenaria lacertifera Habenaria singapurensis Halophila ovata Halophila sp. Hedyotis auricularia Hedyotis capitellata Hedyotis congesta Hedyotis pinifolia Hedyotis vestita Helicia excelsa Helicia petiolaris Helicia robusta Heliotropium indicum Helixanthera coccineal Hemigymnia multinodis Henslowia buxifolia Henslowia lobbiana Heritiera elata Heritiera littoralis Hernandia peltata Herpestis monnieri Hetaeria nitida Hetaeria obliqua Heterogonium sagenoides Heterosmilax indica Hibiscus surattensis Hibiscus tiliaceus Hippocratea indica Hippocratea macrantha Hiptage sericea Histiopteris incisa Homalium grandiflorum Homalomena caerulescens Homalomena griffithii Homalomena paludosa Homalomena sagittifolia Hopea griffithii Hopea mengarawan Hornstedtia conica Hornstedtia leonurus Hornstedtia megalocheilos Hornstedtia scyphifera Horsfieldia amygdalina Horsfieldia canarioides Horsfieldia crassifolia Horsfieldia globularia Horsfieldia irya Horsfieldia lehmanniana 574 1890 1859 1155 1154 2116 ZATS 2120 2125 2128 2051 2052 2053 473 387 1073 2243 2244 2339 2340 1148 2284 1860 1861 62 2320 1407 1408 521 518 1403 63 977 393 391 394 395 770 771 2497 2498 2492 2499 1593 1591 1586 1589 1588 1590 Horsfieldia majuscula Horsfieldia racemosa Horsfieldia sucosa Horsfieldia superba Horsfieldia tomentosa Horsfieldia wallichii Hoya coriacea Hoya coronaria Hoya diversifolia Hoya finlaysonii Hoya lacunosa Hoya latifolia Hoya obtusifolia Hoya parasitica Hoya revoluta Hoya ridleyi Humata angustata Humata heterophylla Humata pectinata Humata repens Hydnophytum formicarium Hydrolea zeylanica Hygrophila meianthos Hygrophila phlomoides Hygrophila quadrivalvis Hygrophila spinosa Hylophila mollis Hymenachne myuros Hymenophyllum blumeanum Hymenophyllum holochilum Hymenophyllum neesii Hymenophyllum serrulatum Hypericum japonicum Hypolytrum latifolium Hypolytrum proliferum Hypserpa cuspidata Hyptis brevipes Hyptis capitata Hyptis suaveolens Iguanura geonomaeformis Ilex cymosa Ilex macrophylla Ilex maingayi Ilex venulosa Illigera appendiculata Imperata arundinacea Imperata exaltata Indigofera hirsuta Indigofera tinctoria 1590 1582 1593 1594 1595 1596 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 442 64 65 67 68 2129 1159 201 202 200 203 1862 1052 72 71 70 73 1164 705a 705b 1509 1181 1182 1183 1962 373 374 375 374 1149 1054 1053 1310 1313 Intsia bijuga lodes oblonga Todes velutina Ipomoea digitata Ipomoea littoralis Ipomoea obscura Ipomoea pes-caprae Ipomoea pulchella Ipomoea sagitaefolia Irvingia malayana Tsachne australis Tsachne miliacea Isachne semitalis Ischaemum aristatum Ischaemum magnum Ischaemum muticum Ischaemum rugosum Ischaemum timorense Ixonanthes icosandra Ixonanthes reticulata Ixora concinna Ixora congesta Ixora grandifolia Ixora lobbii Ixora pendula Jackia ornata Jacobinea coccinea Jasminum bifarium Jasminum griffithii Jasminum longipetalum Jussiaea erecta Jussiaea repens Jussiaea speciosa Jussiaea suffruticosa Kadsura cauliflora Kadsura scandens Kalanchoe pinnata Kleinhovia hospita Knema cantleyi Knema conferta Knema curtisii Knema furfuracea Knema hookeriana Knema intermedia Knema laurina Knema malayana Knema missionis Knema wrayi Koompassia malaccensis 1315 1170 1171 620 619 621 622 617 624 2318 1055 1057 1056 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1177 1178 2131 2132 2133 2134 2114 A137 204 1719 1720 1721 1725 LI23 1726 1724 2290 2290 633 2342 1606 1598 1599 1600 1603 1604 1606 1607 1603 1601 1316 277 278 Kopsia singaporensis Korthalsia echinometra Korthalsia grandis Korthalsia polystachya Korthalsia scaphigera Korthalsia wallichiaefolia Kunstleria ridleyi Kurrimia paniculata Kurrimia robusta Kyllinga brevifolia Kyllinga cylindrica Kyllinga melanosperma Kyllinga monocephala Labisia pothoina Lantana indica Lasia aculeata Lasianthus appressus Lasianthus attenuatus Lasianthus chryseus Lasianthus constricta Lasianthus cyanocarpus Lasianthus densifolius Lasianthus ellipticus Lasianthus griffithii Lasianthus maingayi Lasianthus ridleyi Lasianthus scabridus Lasianthus singaporensis Lasianthus stipularis Lasianthus tomentosus Lecananthus erubescens Lecanorchis malaccensis Leea angulata Leea robusta Leea rubra Leea sambucina Leersia hexandra Lemna paucicostata Lemna polyrhiza Lemna tenera Leonurus sibiricus Lepionurus sylvestris Lepironia mucronata Leptaspis urceolata Leptochloa chinensis Lettsomia ridleyi Leucas lavendulifolia Leucas zeylanica Leuconotis griffithii 348 1963 1964 1967 1965 1966 1317 510 av 647 677 665 663 1635 2432 396 2138 WE Nes 21393 2140 2141 2142 2143 2145 2146 2149 2150 2149 2A 52 2135 2154 1863 1244 1243 1246 1245 1064 1357 1359 1358 1185 1730 706 1065 1066 605 1186 1187 349 Leuconotis maingayi Leucopogon malayanus Leucostegia parvula Licuala ferruginea Licuala spinosa Licuala triphylla Limacia velutina Limnanthemum indicum Limnophila laxa Limnophila villosa Lindera lucida Lindsaya borneensis Lindsaya nitens Lindsaya orbiculata Lindsaya parallelogramma Lindsaya scandens Linociera pauciflora Linostoma pauciflorum Liparis elegans Liparis ferruginea Liparis gibbosa Liparis tricallosa Lipocarpha argentea Lipocarpha microcephala Lippia nodiflora Litsea cordata Litsea ferruginea Litsea firma Litsea grandis Litsea griffithii Litsea lancifolia Litsea machilifolia Litsea megacarpa Litsea myristicaefolia Litsea perakensis Litsea petiolata Litsea ridleyi Litsea robusta Litsea sarawacensis Litsea singapurensis Litsea umbellata Lomariopsis cochinchinensis Longetia malayana Lophatherum gracile Lophopetalum fimbriatum Lophopetalum littoralis Lucaena glauca Lucinaea membranacea Lucinaea morinda 350 819 66 1968 1969 1970 1511 986 2298 2300 1213 80 81 87 89 83 1718 2384 1864 1865 1866 1867 707 708 2434 1216 1221 1222 1224 1220 1226 1227 1217 1228 1218 1219 1229 1230 1220 1214 123i Bf 849 1068 519 515 1318 2155 2156 Lucuma maingayi Lucuma malaccensis Ludwigia prostrata Lumnitzera littorea Lumnitzera racemosa Lycopodium cernuum Lycopodium laxum Lycopodium nummulariifolium Lycopodium phlegmaria Lycopodium squarrosum Lygodium dichotomum Lygodium flexuosum Lygodium scandens Maba buxifolia Maba venosa Macaranga cornuta Macaranga gigantea Macaranga griffithiana Macaranga hosei Macaranga hypoleuca Macaranga javanica Macaranga maingayi Macaranga populifolia Macaranga puncticulata Macaranga recurvata Macaranga trichocarpa Macaranga triloba Macodes petola Macrosolen cochinchinensis Macrosolen papillosus Macrosolen retusus Madhuca kingiana Madhuca malaccensis Madhuca sericea Maesa ramentacea Magnolia maingayi Malaxis latifolia Malaxis micrantha Mallotus paniculatus Mangifera caesia Mangifera foetida Mangifera lagenifera Mangifera odorata Mangifera sclerophylla Manihot utilissima Mapania humilis Mapania longa Mapania palustris Mapania triquetra 2283 2285 1727 537 538 94 69 70 sd 2 95 96 100 Ti bs 803 920 916 917 919 O21 918 9272 915 914 924 925 926 1869 1389 1390 1391 2265 2269 2270 1636 1400 1870 1871 928 253 254 256 258 255 930 710 TH 715 710 Mapania valida Mapania wallichii Mariscus albescens Mariscus cyperinus Mariscus dregeanus Mariscus microcephalus Mariscus sieberianus Marumia nemorosa Marumia rhodocarpa Mastixia maingayi Matthaea sancta Mazus rugosus Medinilla crassinervia Medinilla hasseltii Medinilla maingayi Melaleuca leucadendron Melanochyla auriculata Melanochyla kunstleri Melanochyla sp. Melanorrhoea wallichii Melanorrhoea woodsiana Melastoma malabathricum Meliosma elliptica Meliosma lanceolata Meliosma ridleyi Melochia corchorifolia Melodinus micranthus Melodorum cylindricum Melodorum elegans Melodorum fulgens Melodorum latifolium var. ovoidea Melodorum manubriatum Melodorum pisocarpum Melodorum prismaticum Memecylon amplexicaule Memecylon cantleyi Memecylon coeruleum Memecylon edule Memecylon garcinioides Memecylon heteropleurum Memecylon laevigatum Memecylon laxiflorum Memecylon myrsinoides Memecylon oleifolium Memecylon ovatum Memecylon pubescens Merremia caespitosa Merremia convolvulacea Merremia tridentata 712 epiy, 662 651 656 648 652 1430 1429 633 1517 2310 1432 1431 1460 1689 259 261 259 252 252 1433 2241 2239 2240 2343 351 322 302 284 286 287 302 322 1435 1437 1436 1440a 1444 1441 1448 1440b 1448 1451 1440 1455 628 627 629 279 280 Merremia umbellata Mezoneuron sumatranum Mezzettia leptopoda Microcarpa curtisii Microcarpaea muscosa Micrococca mercurialis Microdesmis caseariifolia Microsaccus ampullaceus Microsaccus brevifolius Microsaccus javensis Mikania scandens Miliusa longipes Millettia atropurpurea Mimosa invisa Mimosa pudica Mimosa sepiaria Mischocarpus sumatranus Mischocarpus sundaicus Mollugo pentaphylla Monochoria hastaefolia Monochoria vaginalis Monogramme dareicarpus Monogramme trichoidea Morinda citrifolia Morinda ridleyi Morinda rigida Morinda umbellata Muntingia calabura Mussaenda glabra Mussaenda mutabilis Mussaendopsis beccariana Myrica farquhariana Myristica cinnamomea Myristica crassa Myristica elliptica Myristica maingayi Myristica maxima Myrmecodia tuberosa Myrsine avenis Myrsine porteriana Myrsine umbellulata Najas graminea Najas kingii Nauclea junghuhnii Nauclea subdita Neesia altissima Nenga wendlandiana Neonauclea purpurascens Nepenthes ampullaria Nepenthes gracilis Nepenthes rafflesiana Nepenthes trichocarpa Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Nephelium eriopetalum Nephelium lappaceum Nephelium mutabile Nephelium rubescens Nephrolepis acutifolia Nephrolepis biserrata Nephrolepis hirsutula Nephrolepis radicans Neptunia oleracea Nervilia punctata Neuwiedia curtisii Neuwiedia griffithii Neuwiedia lindleyi Norrisia malaccensis Nothaphoebe umbelliflora Nypa fruticans Oberonia anceps Oberonia bertoldii Oberonia ciliolata Oberonia dissitiflora Oberonia miniata Ochanostachys amentacea Ochrosia borbonica Ochthocharis borneensis Ochthocharis javanica Ochthocharis paniculata Ocimum americanum Ocimum basilicum Ocimum canum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia corymbosa Oldenlandia dichotoma Oldenlandia diffusa Oldenlandia paniculata Olea brachiata Oncosperma horridum Oncosperma tigillarium Ophioglossum pedunculosum Ophioglossum pendulum Ophiorrhiza singaporensis Ormosia macrodisca Ormosia microsperma Ormosia parvifolia Orophea hastata Osmelia maingayi 1698 1700 1701 1876 2299 2256 2258 22a 110 111 113 114 1327 1877 1880 1878 1879 1376 1234 1973 1881 1882 1883 1884 1887 1711 352 1456 1457 1458 1188 1189 1188 1190 2121 2122 2123 ee i: 1722 1974 1975 115/117 116 21 1331 1332 1330 303 980 i Ostodes macrophylla Oxalis barrelieri Oxalis corniculata Oxalis corymbosa Oxymitra glauca Oxymitra latifolia Pachycentria tuberculata Padebruggea maingayi Paederia foetida Paederia verticillata Pajanella longifolia Palaquium bancanum Palaquium gutta Palaquium hexandrum Palaquium microphyllum Palaquium obovatum Palaquium oxleyanum Palaquium ridleyi Palaquium xanthochymum Pandanus atrocarpus Pandanus aurantiacus Pandanus corneri Pandanus houllettei Pandanus militaris Pandanus ornatus Pandanus parvus Pandanus tectorius Pandanus tetrodon Panicum auritum Panicum caesium Panicum ovalifolium Panicum repens Panicum sarmentosum Parameria glandulifera Parameria polyneura Paramignya griffithii Paramignya longispina Parartocarpus triandrus Parastemon urophyllus Parinarium asperulum Parinarium corymbosum Parinarium costatum Parinarium oblongifolium Parishia paucijuga Parishia pubescens Parkia speciosa Parsonsia spiralis Paspalum commersonii Paspalum conjugatum 896 1930 1931 1932 292 293 1459 1321 2176 2177 458 2277 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2278 1993 1992 1999 1994 2001 1995 1997 1996 2000 1074 1076 1075 1078 1079 353 354 2237 2236 1579 533 529 532 534 535 264 262 1334 353 1084 1080 Paspalum distichum Paspalum longifolium Paspalum orbiculare Passiflora foetida Passiflora laurifolia Passiflora quadrangularis Passiflora suberosa Pavetta indica Payena havilandii Payena lucida Payena maingayi Payena sessilis Peliosanthes violacea Peliosanthes viridis Pellacalyx axillaris Pellacalyx saccardianus Pellionia daveauana Peltophorum ferrugineum Pemphis acidula Pentace triptera Pentaphragma ridleyi Pentaphragma scortechinii Peperomia pellucida Peristrophe acuminata Peristrophe tinctoria Peronema canescens Perotis latifolia Petunga conifera Phaeanthus nutans Philydrum lanuginosum Phoebe declinata Phoebe grandis Phoebe opaca Photinopteris speciosa Phyllanthus niruri Phyllanthus urinaria Physalis minima Physostelma wallichii Phytocrene bracteata Pilea muscosa Pimeleodendron griffithianum Pinanga disticha Pinanga limosa Pinanga malaiana Pinanga simplicifrons Pinanga singaporensis Pinanga subruminata Piper caninum Piper chaba 281 282 Piper flavimarginatum Piper lanatum Piper maingayi Piper miniatum Piper muricatum Piper pachyphyllum Piper pedicellosum Piper porphyrophyllum Piper protractum Piper ribesioides Piper sarmentosum Pipturus mollisimus Pistia stratiotes Pithecellobium affine Pithecellobium angulatum Pithecellobium clypearia Pithecellobium confertum Pithecellobium contortum Pithecellobium ellipticum Pithecellobium jiringa Pithecellobium microcarpum Pittosporum ferrugineum Pityrogramma calomelanos Plagiostachys lateralis Planchonella obovata Plantago asiatica Platycerium coronarium Platycerium ridleyi Plectocomia griffithii Plectocomiopsis annulatus Plectocomiopsis scortechinii Pleocnemia olivacea Plethiandra sessiliflora Plocoglottis gigantea Plocoglottis javanica Plocoglottis lowii Pluchea indica Plumbago zeylanica Podochilus microphyllus Pogonanthera pulverulenta Polyalthia angustissima Polyalthia beccarii Polyalthia cauliflora Polyalthia desmantha Polyalthia hypoleuca Polyalthia lateriflora Polyalthia macropoda Polyalthia scortechinii Polyalthia sumatrana 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2413 Bi) 1262 1259 1259 EIST 1360 1261 1263 1264 2026 121 2500 2284 2027 122 123 1984 197] 197] 125 1461 1892 1893 1894 577 2028 1895 1462 306 308 308 308 312 314 315 316 318 Polygala brachystachya Polygonum barbatum Polyosma conocarpa Polyosma flavo-virens Polyosma ridleyi Polypodium grandidentata Polypodium moultoni Polypodium nigrescens Polypodium phymatodes Polypodium punctatum Polypodium revolutum Polypodium sinuosum Polypodium verrucosum Polystachya flavescens Pomatocalpa latifolium Pometia alnifolia Pongamia pinnata Popowia fusca Popowia ramosissima Popowia tomentosa Portulaca oleracea Portulaca quadrifida Pothos latifolius Pouzolzia indica Premna corymbosa Premna foetida Premna punctulata Premna ridleyi Premna trichostoma Prismatomeris tetranda Pseuderanthemum kingii Pseudo-eugenia singaporensis Psilotum complanatum Psychotria angulata Psychotria cantleyi Psychotria griffithii Psychotria helferiana Psychotria maingayi Psychotria malayana Psychotria obovata Psychotria ovoidea Psychotria penangensis Psychotria ridleyi Psychotria rostrata Psychotria sarmentosa Psychotria stipulacea Pteleocarpa malaccensis Pteridium aquilinum Pteris decussata 2029 2041 2287 2286 2285 163 Be 119 120 106 79 110 60 1896 1897 2260 1336 a19 320 321 2047 2049 398 2419 2435 2436 2438 2439 2437 2182 208 1638 130 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2188 474 132 135 Pteris ensiformis Pteris tripartita Pteris vittata Pterisanthes coriacea Pternandra coerulescens Pternandra echinata Pternandra paniculata Pterococcus corniculatus Pterospermum diversifolium Pterospermum javanicum Ptychopyxis caput-medusae Ptychopyxis costata Ptychoraphis singaporensis Pycreus nitens Pycreus polystachyus Pygeum parviflorum Pygeum persimile Pygeum polystachyum Pyrenaria acuminata Quercus argentata Quercus bennettii Quercus cantleyana Quercus conocarpa Quercus cyclophora Quercus encleisacarpa Quercus ewyckii Quercus lamponga Quercus lucida Quercus spicata Quercus wallichiana Quisqualis indica Radermachera lobbii Randia anisophylla Randia auriculata Randia clarkei Randia densiflora Randia fragrantissima Randia longiflora Randia macrophylla Randia penangiana Raphidophora korthalsii Raphidophora lobbii Raphidophora maingayi Raphidophora minor Remirea maritima Renanthera elongata Renanthera histrionica Rhizophora conjugata Rhizophora mucronata 134 136 137 2470 1463 1464 1465 941 2345 2346 942 943 1985 669 668 2076 2076 2078 2376 973 961 962 963 964 966 967 971 970 965 972 538 459 2179 2080 2175 208 1 2172 2173 2197 2174 399 400 401 402 666 1899 1900 2073 2074 Rhodamnia trinervia Rhododendron longiflorum Rhodomyrtus tomentosus Rhynchospora aurea Rhynchospora glauca Rhynchospora malasica Rhynchospora wallichiana Rhyncostylis gigantea Ricinus communis Rivina humilis Robiquetia spathulata Roucheria griffithiana Rourea acuminata Rourea concolor Rourea fulgens Rourea pulchella Rourea rugosa Rourea similis Rubus angulosus Rubus moluccanus Ruellia repens Ryparosa hullettii Ryparosa wallichii Saccharum arundinaceum Sacciolepis angusta Sacciolepis myosuroides Sacciolepis turgida Salacia flavescens Salacia grandiflora Salacia korthalsiana Salacia latifolia Salacia prinoides Salacia rubra Salacia viminea Salomonia cantoniensis Samadera indica Sandoricum emarginatum Sandoricum koetjape Santiria apiculata Santiria laevigata Santiria rubiginosa Sapium discolor Saprosma glomerulata Sarcanthus halophilus Sarcochilus caligaris Sarcolobus globosus Sarcostoma javanica Saurauia tristyla Sauropus albicans 283 284 Scaevola frutescens Scaphium affine Scaphium linearicarpum Schefflera cephalotes Schefflera hullettii Schefflera lanceolata Schefflera micrantha Schefflera ridleyi Schefflera subulata Schismatoglottis calyptrata Schismatoglottis wallichii Schizachryium semiberbe Schizaea dichotoma Schizaea digitata Schizoloma divergens Schizoloma ensifolium Schizoloma heterophyllum Schizoloma walkerae Schizostachyum chilianthum Schizostachyum latifolium Schizostachyum tenue Schizostchyum zolleringi Schoenorchis micrantha Schoenorchis secundiflora Schoenus calostachyus Sciaphila affinis Scindapsus hederaceus Scindapsus pictus Scirpodendron costatum Scirpus grossus Scirpus mucronatus Scleria bancana Scleria biflora Scleria caricina Scleria corymbosa Scleria hebecarpa Scleria levis Scleria multifoliata Scleria oryzoides Scleria sumatrensis Scleria zeylanica Scleropyrum ridleyi Scolopia rhinanthera Scoparia dulcis Scorodocarpus borneensis Scurrula ferruginea Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Sebastiania chamalaea Selaginella atroviridis 996 2348 2347 412 414 415 413 417 416 404 405 1096 143 144 82 84 85 92 1097 1098 1097 1099 1904 1905 722 2396 406 407 723 724 725 129 727 728 730 vas 732 734 733 736 735 2245 984 2312 1713 1392 2199 948 147 Selaginella ciliaris Selaginella mayeri Selaginella roxburghii Selaginella willdenowii Selliguea heterocarpa Serianthes grandiflora Sesamum indicum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria rubiginosa Shorea bracteolata Shorea curtisii Shorea gibbosa Shorea gratissima Shorea leprosula Shorea macroptera Shorea ovalis Shorea parvifolia Shorea pauciflora Shorea platycarpa Sida carpinifolia Sida cordifolia Sida rhombifolia Sigesbeckia orientalis Sindora intermedia Sindora wallichii Sloanea javanica Sloetia elongata Smilax barbata Smilax calophylla Smilax leucophylla Smilax megacarpa Smilax myosotiflora Smythea pacifica Solanum ferox Solanum nigrum Solanum sarmentosum Solanum torvum Sonerila begoniaefolia Sonerila heterostemon Sonneratia acida Sonneratia alba Sonneratia griffithii Sparganophorus vaillantii Spathodea campanulata Spathodea nilotica Spathoglottis plicata Spatholobus ferrugineus Spatholobus maingayi Spatholobus ridleyi 146 © 148 149 151 152 1344 2006 228 1102 774 776 TE 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 1409 1410 1411 79 1346 1346 818 1580 2321 2322 2324 2325 2326 2055 2328 2329 2330 2951 1467 1466 2333 2332 2332 580 460 460 1906 1347 1348 1349 Sphaeranthus africanus Sphaerocaryum elegans Sphaerostephanos polycarpus Sphaerostylis malaccense Sphenodesme pentandra Spilanthes acmella Sporobolus diander Sporobolus indicus Stachyphrynium griffithii Stachyphrynium parvum Stachytarpheta indica Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Stachytarpheta mutabilis Staurogyne griffithiana Staurogyne setigera Stemonurus Capitatus Stemonurus scorpioides Stemonurus secundiflorus Stenochlaena palustris Stephanotis maingayi Sterculia bicolor Sterculia elongata Sterculia javanica Sterculia laevis Sterculia macrophylla Sterculia parviflora Sterculia rubiginosa Stereospermum chelonoides Striga hirsuta Strombosia javanica Strombosia rotundifolia Strophanthes brevicaudatus Strophanthes dichotomus Strychnos malaccensis Strychnos ovalifolia Strychnos pubescens Strychnos ridleyi Styrax benzoin Styrax crotonoides Susum malayanum Swintonia schwenkii Symplocos adenophylla Symplocos celastrifolia Symplocos fasciculata Symplocos odoratissima Symplocos pulverulenta Symplocos ridleyi Symplocos rigida Symplocos rubiginosa 581 1104 154 932 2440 554 1105 1105 1418 1415 2442 2443 2it+ 210 212 1174 1175 1175 156 446 2349 2352 2351 2350 2353 2354 2355 461 2314 1715 1714 357 356 1377 1378 1377 1380 2357 2358 1147 265 2359 2361 2362 2364 2364 2363 2360 2365 Synedrella nodiflora Syngramma alismifolia Tabernaemontana corymbosa Tabernaemontana hirta Tabernaemontana malaccensis Tacca chantrieri Tacca cristata Taeniophyllum filiforme Taeniophyllum obtusum Taenitis blechnoides Talauma lanigera Talauma singaporensis Tarenna adpressa Tarenna fragrans Tarenna mollis Tarenna ridleyi Tarenna Sstellulata Tarrietia simplicifolia Tectaria angulata Tectaria barberi Tectaria multicaudata Tectaria singaporeana Tephrosia subamoena Teratophyllum aculeatum Teratophyllum ludens Terminalia catappa Terminalia phellocarpa Terminalia subspathulata Ternstroemia bancana Ternstroemia wallichiana Tetracera assa Tetracera fagifolia Tetracera lucida Tetracera macrophylla Tetracera sumatrana Tetracera sylvestris Tetramerista glabra Thelasis carinata Thelasis micrantha Thelasis triptera Thelypteris chlamydophora Thelypteris motleyi Themeda arguens Themeda villosa Thespesia populnea Thoracostachyum bancanum Thottea dependens Thottea grandiflora Thrixspermum acuminatissimum 582 157 358 358 359 2366 2366 1908 1909 158 1401 1398 2200 2202 2203 2205 2206 2341 161 162 164 166 1353 167 168 540 541 542 2377 2379 747 749 748 751 749 747 2368 1910 1911 1912 102 103 1108 1109 1412 738 420 421 1913 285 286 Thrixspermum amplexicaule Thrixspermum arachnites Thrixspermum calceolus Thrixspermum ridleyanum Thrixspermum trichoglottis Thuarea sarmentosa Thunbergia alata Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Timonius finlaysonianus Timonius flavescens Timonius wallichianus Timonius wrayi Tinomiscium petiolare Tinospora crispa Torenia polygonoides Tournefortia wallichii Trema angustifolia Trema orientalis Trema virgata Trevesia cheirantha Trichomanes bimarginatum Trichomanes christii Trichomanes humile Trichomanes jJavanicum Trichomanes obscurum Trichomanes pallidum Trichomanes singaporeanum Trichomanes sublimbatum Trichosanthes celebica Trichosanthes wallichiana Trichosanthes wawraei Tridax procumbens Trigonachras acuta Trigoniastrum hypoleucum Trigonochlamys grandifolia Trigonochlamys griffithii Trigonostemon longifolius Triomma malaccensis Tristania merguensis Tristania obovata Tristania sumatrana Tristellateia australasiae Triumfetta pseudo-cana Triumfetta rhomboidea Tropidia curculigoides Turnera trioniflora Turnera ulmifolia Turpinia latifolia 1914 1916 1915 1917 1919 1110 214 216 aL 2207 2208 2209 2210 1513 1514 2296 475 2405 2407 2406 418 176 170 171 172 176 177 178 179 640 641 642 583 2261 2395 480 4490 952 494 1692 1693 1694 1404 2393 2394 1923 2398 2399 2335 Turpinia laxiflora Turraea breviflora Tylophora asthmatica Tylophora squarrosa Tylophora tenuis Tylophora wallichii Typhonium cuspidatum Typhonium roxburghii Uncaria attenuata Uncaria gambir Uncaria glabrata Uncaria jasminiflora Uncaria ovalifolia Uncaria pedicellata Uncaria pteropoda Uncaria roxburghiana Uncaria sclerophylla Uraria crinita Urceola brachysepala Urceola lucida Urceola maingayi Urceola malaccensis Urceola torulosa Urena lobata Urophyllum glabrum Urophyllum griffithianum Urophyllum hirsutum Urophyllum macrophyllum Urophyllum streptopodium Urophyllum trifurcum Utricularia albina Utricularia bifida Utricularia exoleta Utricularia fluitans Utricularia griffithii Uvaria excelsa Uvaria hirsuta Uvaria lobbiana Uvaria macrophylla Uvaria purpurea Uvaria ridleyi Uvaria subrepanda Vaccinium acuminatissimum Vaccinium hasseltii Vaccinium malaccense Vandellia crustacea Vandellia elata Vandellia hirsuta Vandellia pedunculata 2335 1501 448 449 450 449 408 409 2202 2215 2216 2243 2240 2214 227 2218 2214 1353 360 361 362 363 364 1413 2221 2A2e 2223 2224 2226 2227 1363 1362 1364 1365 1366 7a | 327 329 324 326 328 329 821 823 822 2304 2305 2309 2301 Vanilla griffithii Vatica maingayi Vatica ridleyana Vatica wallichii Ventilago malaccensis Vernonia arborea Vernonia chinensis Vernonia cinerea Vernonia javanica Viburnum sambucinum Vigna retusa Viscum articulatum Viscum orientale Vitex coriacea Vitex negundo Vitex peralata Vitex pteropoda Vitex pubescens Vitex trifolia Vitex vestita Vitis cinnamomea Vitis elegans Vitis furcata Vitis glaberrima Vitis gracilis Vitis hastata Vitis lawsoni Vitis macrostachya Vitis mollissima Vitis novemfolia Vitis repens Vitis trifolia Vittaria elongata Vrydagzynea albida Vrydagzynea lancifolia Vrydagzynea tristriata Wedelia biflora Wikstroemia ridleyi Willughbeia coriacea Willughbeia firma Willughbeia flavescens Willughbeia tenuiflora Wolffia arhiza Wormia excelsa Wormia pulchella Wormia suffruticosa Xanthium strumarium Xanthophyllum affine Xanthophyllum curtisii 1924 785 786 786 2056 584 586 585 584 506 1354 1394 1395 2445 2448 2446 2446 2449 2450 2451 2455 2456 2466 2464 2457 2463 2473 2467 2460 2461 2465 2462 181 1925 1926 1927 587 2385 368 368 365 371 1360 741 744 746 589 2306 2313 Xanthophyllum discolor Xanthophyllum kingti Xanthophyllum obscurum Xanthophyllum palembanicum Xerospermum intermedium Xerospermum wallichii Ximenia americana Xylopia caudata Xylopia dicarpa Xylopia ferruginea Xylopia fusca Xylopia malayana Xylopia oxyantha Xylopia ridleyi Xyris anceps Xyris indica Zalacca affinis Zalacca conferta Zanthoxylum hirtellum Zeuxine clandestina Zingiber griffithii Zingiber puberulum Zingiber zerumbet Ziziphus calophylla Ziziphus elegans Ziziphus horsfieldii Ziziphus oenoplia Zornia diphylla Zoysia pungens 2033 2034 2037 2035 2264 2264 1716 331 335 332a 333 335 332b 275 2474 2475 1986 1961 2238 1928 2502 2503 2504 2057 2058 2059 2060 1356 1114 287 rie 4; Lg UM ae hiya | CRT TPA ‘ iy “ae . “— = aye — f a ae Book REVIEWS 1. The Concise Flora of Singapore, Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons. Hsuan Keng. Singapore University Press, National University of Singapore, Kent ridge, Singapore 0511. 1990. xxii + 222 pp. + 116 pp. illus. + text illus. ISBN 9971-69-135-3 (Paper), S$42.00 In 1819 when Singapore founded it was almost entirely covered by trees, with about 82% of the vegetation under lowland dipterocarp forest, 13% under mangrove forest and 5% under freshwater swamp forest. By 1884 when the first report on the forests of Singapore was published, only about 7% of the original dry-land forest remained. This was a consequence of the rapid development of the colony creating a great demand for fuelwood and agricultural land. Today most of Singapore’s remaining native forests occupy about 2800 hectares. About 2000 hectares are gazetted as Nature Reserves, including less than 100 hectares of “primary” areas. The National Parks Board of Singapore is entrusted with the care of these Reserves and is actively managing them for recreation, conservation, research and education. There is a growing demand in Singapore for outdoor recreation and also an increasing awareness and appreciation of nature as indicated by the very high visitor numbers to the Nature Reserves and great enthusiasm for the Nature society (Singapore) activities. There is also an increasing interest in native species for amenity planting where once fast growing exotics were preferred. To the managers, members of the public and others interested in the flora of Singapore, this publication is timely. According to Keng there are 3 families, 3 genera and 8 species of Gymnosperms, and 125 families, 574 genera and 1,285 species of dicotyledons native to Singapore. All the families are given a brief description. Genera are not described but all species are with a useful concise description that also include notes on ecology, occurrence/origin and uses. Where available, vernacular and Chinese names are given. With exceptions, a herbarium specimen is cited for each native species. In addition to the native species, over 650 species of naturalised and cultivated plants are included in this Flora. The large numbers of such plants included is a distinctive and valuable feature increasing the usefulness of the book. Plants ranging from Victoria amazonica, introduced to the Botanic Gardens, to common vegetables like Cucurbits and Brassicas are found together with ornamentals like Adenium obesum and Ipomoea quamoclit and fruits such as Manilkara zapota and Artocarpus heteropyllus. The book is provided with 116 pages of simple line drawings presented four to a page, mostly by Ro-siu Ling Keng, the author’s wife. Although many of the plates suffer a loss of detail in the reduction and printing they still serve the very useful function of providing visual images for many of the species and aiding identification. A list of the illustrations is provided after the contents page following the phylogenetic order that the families are arranged in. As the species illustrated are not also included in the index, it is not easy for the reader to quickly determine if a particular species is illustrate or not. 289 290 Keys to genera or groups of genera (in cases of large families) are provided. Keys to species have been excluded because of the constraint of space and because, “many useful keys to species are available in the regional literature” (pg. xxii). This is a pity as keys specific to the species from Singapore can quickly lead to their identification. Not many readers will have access to the relevent regional literature and in some cases practical keys are not even available. At the back, before the index, Keng has provided separate keys to the families of Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons. These are useful keys that have been adapted form his earlier book, “Orders and Families of Malayan Seed Plants” (3rd ed. 1983). The author and illustrator must be congratulated for putting together this very practical and useful manual. Users will be looking forward to the companion volume on the Monocotyledons. A Flora is a permanent record of plants, and though plant names may change, the plants do not. This book will remain useful for many years to come and users will refer to their copies repeatedly. It is indeed a great pity that the printing, binding, cover and paper used do no justice to the value of the book. The herbarium copy is already battered and dog-eared, the cover picture fading, the binding becoming lose and pages threatening to come apart; all through heavy (but normal) use. Let us hope the publishers do a better job with the companion volume. 2. The Bamboos of Sabah. Soejatmi Dransfield, 1992, Sabah Forest Records No. 14. Forest Department Sabah, Malaysia. 94pp. ISBN 983-9554-03-4. M$40, postage extra. Available from, Senior Research Officer, Forest Research Centre, Sepilok, P.O. Box 1407, 90007 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. Bamboos are giant grasses, typically woody and with hollow stems. They are found throughout the tropical to temperate regions of the world, except Europe and Western Asia, between 46° north and 47° south, from the lowlands up to 4000 m. The majority occur in the lowlands in the tropics of Asia and America with very few in Africa. Their natural range has been greatly extended by cultivation for use as a technological material and as ornamentals. It is perhaps in Asia that bamboos are put to the greatest use; from angklungs to house-posts, and windmills to xylophones. The young shoots of many species are used as food. In an age of rapid loss of tropical forests, bamboos, fast growing and with multiple uses, offer a way of producing both food and woody material for technological and industrial uses. The first stage is the documentation of the species so that users and others interested can tell one bamboo from another. This book by Soejatmi Dransfield, a leading bamboo specialist, describes all the bamboos found in Sabah. There are 10 genera (one still unnamed) and 35 species (4 still unnamed). Most species have a very limited distribution and the author predicts that more species can be expected to be found. An introductory part provides an outline of bamboo morphology. This is followed by a key to the genera. Subsequently, the genera and species are treated alphabetically. Under each genus there is a key to species. All genera and species are provided with a fairly es comprehensive description and additional information is provided under the subheadings: Distribution, Local names, Uses and Notes. Thirty-one of the species are illustrated, 30 with a full-page figure each and one with two full-page figures. The figures are of a good quality, attractive, very clear and show many of the diagnostic features required for identification. The book is beautiful and generously produced with the signature well sewn and bound and the paper of relatively heavy weight and of a good quality. The few comments offered are with regards to making the book easier to use. As indicated in the blurb on the dust-jacket and in the preface, this is a practical guide. It is not written only for other bamboo specialists. As such a slightly expanded section on the morphology of bamboos with well labelled illustrations would be a great help. In this book the discussion on morphology is made with some reference to the text figures on the various species; this method is helpful, but specific, well-labelled illustrations are necessary to help the non-initiated come to grips with bamboo morphology, irrespective of whether these may appear repetitive to the specialists or can be found in another book. In addition, a glossary of terms might also be useful. A guide such as this should always strive to educate as well as to inform. The key to genera is essential in the process of identifying a Sabah bamboo. Yet the average user will most probably be frustrated at the first lead where inflorescence characters are used, as the user will most likely be confronted with a non-flowering specimen. In the same key at lead 8, the pair of contrasting statements are not contrasting enough, viz: . “sheaths usually covered with dark hairs, blades usually erect ....-... Bambusa “sheaths usually covered with white or light brown to dark brown hairs, blades ummNN A CIRM RI 2 nce, OL dea» ole oe cae oF In practise it may be difficult to differentiate between “dark hairs” and “dark brown hairs.” Although the clum sheath blades are usually erect in Bambusa, they can, as in B. blumeana, be “erect first, then spreading...” (pg. 11), as in Fig. 1, where the blade of B. blumeana is shown to be deflexed. There comments do not detract from the fact that this is a well produced, attractive and valuable documentation of all the bamboos of Sabah; the first such account to be written. The author, the Forestry department of Sabah and the editor have made a very useful contribution to an important resource CHIN SEE CHUNG Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore 291 = oe ye a ii oi) lb : af die Be af ni “a ¥ + _ saak. he ie Phy ce Bile Be Hine PERN Ht! ‘GN f Tia; hit ish ‘ ny NG u or ce ty i r Wise, 3H i‘ Hin } ty a fi CONT SHES Ma tt eae Hae +) rs 4: Sioa jak ‘gute a ae oF edit a] a up bai The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore VOL. 45 (Part 2) Dec 1993 ISSN 0374-7859 NATIONAL PARKS BOARD Singapore Botanic Gardens Cluny Road Singapore 1025 Tel: 4741165 Telefax: 4754295 THE GARDENS’ BULLETIN EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Chairman: Bernard T.G. Tan, B.Sc.Hons. (Singapore); D. Phil. (Oxon.) Members: Syed Yusoff Alsagoff C.J. Goh, B.Sc.Hons. (Singapore); Ph.D (Newcastle upon Tyne) Leo W.H. Tan, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Singapore) W.K. Tan, B.A. (Wms Coll., Mass.); M.Sc. (M.S.U., Mich.); Ph.D. (U.M., FI.) Lawrence C.C. Leong, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Malaya) T.W. Foong, B.Sc.Hons., Ph.D. (Cant.) Jennifer Ng-Lim Cheo Tee, B.Sc., M.A. (Dublin) Editors : Chin See Chung, B.Sc.Hons (Singapore); M.Sc. (Malaya); M.S., M. Phil., Ph.D.(Yale) S.Y Geh, B.Sc.Hons., M.Sc. (Singapore); Dip.Hort.Sc. (Massey) Reviewers: R.N. Hilton, Nedlands, WA, Australia B.S. Parris, Takapuna, New Zealand H.D. Thiers, San Francisco State University, California, USA C.B. Wolfe, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, USA The Gardens’ Bulletin is published twice yearly by the National Parks Board, Singapore. Neither the National Parks Board nor the Editorial Committee is responsible for the opinions or conclusions expressed by the contributing authors. The Gardens’ Bulletin is priced at Singapore $40.00 excluding postage. Overseas subscribers are required to make payment in the form of bank drafts or international money orders in Singapore currency payable to the Executive Director, National Parks Board, Singapore. Instructions for contributing authors are found behind the Contents Table. bia 2 0 CT 1 9 4 ORETU The Gardens"Bulletin Singapore VOL. 45(Part 2) Dec 1993 ISSN. 0374-7859 CONTENTS GAY, H., HENNIPMAN, E., HUXLEY, C.R. & PARROTT, F.J.E. The Taxonomy, Distribution and Ecology of the Epiphytic Malesian Ant-Fern Lecanopteris Reinw. (Polypodiaceae) ............ccccccccceeesseceeeeees 293 — 335 CORNER, E.J.H. Psathyrella (Agaricales) with Ornamented Spores in the i Sie on Melee esate 5 kel een 0e). Aga co oft ge A ie tae aE 337 —357 WATLING, R. Observations on Malaysian Bolbitaceae with Records from UNO UNIO oo atk enc dh ask eh raehig gu ors= Ses eccb angie cenaraceovennsen 359 — 381 TAY, E.P. Book Review : Flora of Australia Vol. 50: Oceanic Islands 2 ...............ceceeeeeeeeseteeeeeees 383 — 384 Published by National Parks Board Singapore Botanic Gardens Cluny Road Singapoe 1025 Printed by Oxford Graphic Printers INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Manuscripts: The Editorial Committee of the Gardens’ Bulletin will be glad to receive and consider for publication original research findings and reviews of progress in the field of botany, horticulture, and allied subjects. Contributions must be original and the material must not have been submitted or, if accepted, be submitted for publication elsewhere. Two copies of the manuscript should be submitted, typed or type printed, and if typed, then the top copy must be one of the two. Type or print on one side only, with double-line spacing and a margin of at least 4 cm. Do not type all the letters of any word in capitals. Underline only in pencil: with a straight line for italic type face and wavy line line for bold type face. 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These should be comprehensive without reference to the text. Abbreviations: Standard chemical symbols may be used in text (e.g. IAA, IBA, ATP), but the full term should be given on the first mention. Dates should be cited as: 3 May 1976. Units of measurement should be spelled out except when preceded by a numberal where they should be abbreviated in standard for: g. mg, ml, etc. and not followed by stops. Literature citations: Citations in the text should take the form: King and Chan (1964). If several papers by the same author in the same year are cited, they should be lettered in sequence (1964a), (1964b), etc. When papers are by three or more authors they should be cited as e.g., Geesink et al. (1981). All references must be placed in alphabetic order according to the surname of the (first) author and in the following form: Singh, H. (1976). Sclereids in Fagraea. Gard. Bull. Sing. 22, 193-212. Abbreviations of titles of journals should be those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals (4th Edition) or the Selected Abbreviated Titles of Biological Journals (London: Institute of Biology). References to books and monographs should be cited according to the following form: Ridley, H.N. (1930). The Dispersal of Plants Throughout the World, L. Reeve; Ashford, Kent: 242-255. For literature citations in taxonomic papers the following style is required: Medinilla alternifolia BI., Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I:2(1849) 19. Sterculia acuminatissima Merr., Philip. J. Sci. 21 (1922) 524. Illustrations: Drawings should be done in Indian ink. Authors should indicate where individual illustrations receive first mention in the text. Offprints: Authors will be given 50 offprints gratis. Additional copies must be ordered and paid for, prior to publication. Manuscripts should be sent to: THE EDITOR, GARDENS’ BULLETIN, SINGAPORE, NATIONAL PARKS BOARD, SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS, CLUNY ROAD, SINGAPORE 1025. / | . . THE TAXONOMY, DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE EPIPHYTIC MALESIAN ANT-FERN LECANOPTERIS REINW. (POLYPODIACEAE) H. Gay!, E. HENNIPMAN’, C. R. Huxtey! & F. J. E. Parrott°. 1: Dept of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3RA, U.K. 2: Zweerslaan 34, 3723 HP Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 3: Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, Whitehall Place, London. EFFECTIVE PUBLICATION DATE : 31 MARCH 1994 Abstract Lecanopteris comprises 13 epiphytic species with expanded rhizomes which shelter ants in a mutualistic association. Taxonomic descriptions and a key are given. In subgenus Myrmecopteris, L. sinuosa occurs throughout Malesia, in most habitats below 800 m a.s.1., especially in the ant-epiphyte communities of dry forest. Lecanopteris crustacea is confined to Bornean, Sumatran and Malaysian lowland dipterocarp canopies. Its sister species, L. sarcopus occurs in intact and disturbed forest from 400-1200m in the Philippines and Sulawesi. Lecanopteris mirabilis is found in New Guinea, Ambon and Seram, and is locally abundant in undisturbed mid-montane forest. Subgenus Lecanopteris consists of three groups, typified by L. curtisii,L. pumilaand L. darnaedii. Lecanopteris curtisii forms distinct races in New Guinea, the Philippines, Sumatra, Java and Bomeo. It is arare member of intact or old disturbed hill forest between 400 m and 1200 m. The L. pumila group contains three endemics of lower montane forest in Sulawesi: L. celebica,L. carnosa and L. balgooyi, and a Philippine endemic, L. Juzonensis.Lecanopteris pumilais found in mid-montane forest and ridgetops in Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo, where it forms distinct races. The L. darnaedii group is endemic to Sulawesi; the three species are allopatric and found in undisturbed mid-montane forest. Myrmeco-epiphytic communities, inhabited by /ridomyrmex cordatus, are found in Bomean heath forest and New Guinean savannah. The ants contribute to the spread of ant-epiphytes by planting their propagules in the ant carton surrounding L. sinuosa. The only ecological characteristic common to Lecanopteris apart from myrmecophytism is heliophily, confining individuals to habitats with open canopies or tree crowns. No preference is manifested for host species, but Lecanopteris tends to grow on rough-barked trees. Introduction The ant-associated fern genus Lecanopteris Reinw. comprises 13 species which are largely confined to Malesia, and is characterised by a highly modified rhizome which shelters ants. Despite its remarkable biology and morphology, the genus remained in relative obscurity for 150 years after its first description by Reinwardt in 1828. Recently it has been the simultaneous subject of a D. Phil. thesis and a taxonomic monograph (Gay 1990; E. Hennipman unpub.). This article provides taxonomic descriptions based on field and herbarium material and a detailed account of the ecology and distribution of Lecanopteris. The ant association, rhizome structure and evolution of Lecanopteris have been described by Gay (1990, 1991, 1993, in press) and Gay & Hensen (1992). Every member of the genus possesses a hollow or expanded rhizome which is used as a domatium by ants. Rhizome form varies from a solid, arched domatium (L. mirabilis (C. Chr.) Copel.) to dimorphism of solid and hollow rhizomes (L. sarcopus 294 YININD MIN Sous Plo OL “TSI YQ —aT Fee ISIMV INS YUL YRS VISAVIVA 275 Teysm. & Binnend.), a single gallery (L. sinuosa Wall. ex Hook., L. pumila B1.) or a double gallery (L. darnaedii Hennipman) (Gay 1993). In a given habitat, a constant ant species from the genera Crematogaster or Iridomyrmex nests, rears larvae and deposits debris in the rhizome, and may build carton runways and keep coccids in the vicinity. When the fern’s geographical or altiditudinal range is wider than that of the ant, another ant species replaces the major inhabitant beyond the limits of the former’s range, showing that in this mutualism host/ant specificity is a function of ecology rather than evolution. Ant faeces and debris dumps within the rhizome provide a source of nutrients for Lecanopteris (Gay in press). The mutualism is based on acquisition of a nest by the ants, and nutrient uptake for the ferns. Materials, Methods and Sources Ecological data were obtained from field observations in Papua New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sulawesi for eight species of Lecanopteris (L. mirabilis, L. crustacea, L. pumila, L. curtisiis.1.,L.sarcopus, L. sinuosa, L. celebica and L. darnaedii). Field sites are listed in Appendix 1 and shown in Fig. 1. Data were recorded using two proformas: the first described each individual Lecanopteris recorded at a site, and the second recorded the habitat, following the technique developed by Webb, Tracey and Williams (1976) for comparative physiognomic analysis of Australian and New Guinean forest types. Herbarium specimen labels yielded limited information on habitats; relevant collections are appropriately cited. Herbarium specimens of all species, and wild and cultivated plants where possible, were examined for the taxonomic descriptions. Spore, sporangium and venation characters are from Hetterscheid and Hennipman (1984), Hennipman (1986) and Hennipman and Verduyn (1987). Other authors are cited where appropriate. Specimens from the following herbaria were used: Kew (K); the Natural History Museum (BM); Lae (LAE); Port Moresby (UPNG); Singapore (SING); Kepong (KEP); Leiden (L); Berlin (B); Utrecht (U); Bogor (BO); New York (NY); Munich (M) and Michigan (MICH). The distribution maps are based on herbarium material and are after Hennipman (1986, and unpub.). The following abbrevations are used in the text: G. = Gunung (mountain); S. = Sungei (river); Ss. n. = un-numbered herbarium specimen; s. d. = specimen without date. Taxonomic Account LECANOPTERIS Reinwardt Flora 3: 48 (1825); Onychium carnosum Reinwardt, in Syllog. Plantarum 2: 2 (1824), nom illeg. non Kaulfuss (1820); Copeland, Gen. Fil.: 205 (1947); Holttum, Revised Flora of Malaya Volume 2, Ferns of Malaya: 208 (1955); Hennipman, in Kew Bull. 41: 783 (1986); Hennipman and Verduyn, Blumea 32 : 313 (1987). 296 Type : Lecanopteris carnosa (Reinw.) Blume. Myrmecophila (Christ) Nakai, in Bot Mag. Tokyo 43: 6 (1929) nom illeg. non Rolfe (1917). Polypodium sect. Myrmecophila Christ, Farnkr.: 12(1987). Myrmecopteris Pic. Ser., in Webbia 31:239 (1977). Lectotype : Lecanopteris sinuosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel., selected by Pichi Sermolli. Epiphytic or very rarely epilithic ferns of moderate size. Rhizome forming a domatium, creeping, much to little-branched; monomorphic, rarely dimorphic or subdimorphic; hollow with one or two gallery systems, or solid and arched, pale green, opalescent or glaucous when living, black when dead; glabrous, spiny, or bearing filamentous hairs or coralloid excrescences (subg. Lecanopteris) or translucent, dark-centred, circular, dense or sparsely set peltate scales (subg. Myrmecopteris). Always ant-inhabited. Phyllopodia usually distinct, hollow and prominent or solid and unprotruding. Stipes absent to elongate, glabrous, often dark brown. Fronds pale to dark green, simple to deeply pinnatifid, chartaceous to coriaceous, articulate to phyllopodia, distichous along rhizome, erect to ascending. Aborted fronds sometimes present as spines or excrescences in subg. Lecanopteris. Venation a complex network of areoles with included free veins. Sori rounded, immersed in the lamina, either in a single row on either side of the midrib and costae (subg. Myrmecopteris) or on round, oval or boat-shaped extra-marginal projections (subg. Lecanopteris). Sporangia on triseriate stalk; annulus longitudinal, interrupted and consisting of c. 13 thickened cells. Usually 64, rarely 16, spores per sporangium. Spores monolete, orange, smooth and translucent, filamentous in L. mirabilis. Subgenus Myrmecopteris: Rhizome hollow or solid, densely covered with orbicular, dark-centred peltate scales with translucent margins which hide the rhizome colour. Rhizome does not blacken with age. Sori always immersed on the lamina. Rhizome usually, but not always, much-branched. Species: L. mirabilis, L. sarcopus, L. crustacea, L. sinuosa. Subgenus Lecanopteris: Rhizome always hollow, glabrous, except for an indumentum of scattered branched hairs and dark brown scales at the apices. Rhizome bright pale green, opalescent or glaucous when young, blackening with age. Sori immersed in re-curved extra-marginal lobes, except in L. spinosa and L. balgooyi, where they are are immersed on the lamina. Rhizome always much-branched. Species: L. curtisii, L. pumila, L. celebica, L. carnosa, L. luzonensis, L. balgooyi, L. spinosa, L. holttumii, L. darnaedii. ! 9 > Ae J } ‘ ; Fs ; jj - ; f iy. 297 KEY TO THE SPECIES la. Rhizome with a dense or scattered covering of peltate scales which hide the rhizome colour a MI aero Raa sacs eave sete easy Evading leak cas ee Soest ecco sce’ vvncndntouncadlosibeten vusbesuosvevndsosedoesss 2 1b. Rhizome macroscopically glabrous, bright green when young, blackening with age (subg. Lecanopteris)..5 2a. Rhizome solid, arched and plate-like; scales thinly scattered over its surface; fronds pinnatifid SOO teem ene eee ee eeneeeeee atl tA at Li aa OT STL RETREATED EE CL a Oe ae ee 1. L. mirabilis 2b. Rhizome completely or partly hollow, not arched and plate-like; densely covered with scales; fronds ee REN PUNT aA bn cro bode SN Sodio dep Sod soc kds Zidusasvovegaes vad Vnsveot tenet adavcdevgsdiecbseaciapveakotlevens 3 3a. Rhizome dimorphic, consisting of solid cylindrical frond-bearing main branches and hollow, ovate, frondless side branches; peltate scales black-centred. Fronds pinnatifid .................. 2. L. sarcopus 3b. Rhizome monomorphic, hollow except for the apical 2- 3 cm; peltate scales black or brown centred. Se ePIC RNR MN kT, ee ode oA bd, “Bante ats saa nach cae ch cos soaks fav sascng sdusieudcsizeee A 4a. Peltate scales brown-centred. Fronds pinnate; rhizome much-branched.............. 3. L. crustacea 4b. Peltate scales black-centred. Fronds entire; rhizome much or little-branched......... 4. L. sinuosa 5a. Rhizome with a waxy sheen, glaucous, never spiny; extra-marginal sori boat-shaped seer be Le ta Wa NR Bea CNS ay REAM RR tM malty Orie” SOT 8G TPR ALL de dS a eR 5. L. curtisti 5b. Rhizome green, with scattered or dense spines derived from aborted fronds or epidermal outgrowths, hollow or solid, or with coralloid excrescences derived from aborted phyllopodia, or spineless but bearing an indumentum of glandular hairs «0.0.0.0... 0c ceceeeeeseeeeeeeteeeeeees 6 6a. 6b. Spines or excrescences derived from modified undeveloped fronds and replacing some fronds, in two rows along the rhizome. A single gallery system within rhizome. PUR OVE TIE ORD UIIG o ioin lon Sep naniryrnerinvas ous scnnysidbnrtvbnsenvenboranstacsiectberanpie Fs Spines derived from epidermal outgrowths and densely covering rhizome. Two gallery systems in rhizome. Phyllopodia solid, not protruding .............c:ccesceseeeeesseeeeeeeees 11 7a. Spines hollow. Fronds entire to pinnatifid ................cceceeeeseeeeeees 6. L. balgooyi 7b. Spines solid, or replaced by coralloid excrescences. Fronds pinnatifid............. 8 8a. Rhizome covered with short coralloid excrescences 1-3 cm long, derived from PGCITISR VII VELOGE SEOMIDS 1.2.52. uenacs asnnde oa svovetsevesspeceneraiasoanes 7. L. carnosa 8b. Rhizome with a more or less dense covering of solid spines, no ma Tr RIA Re en Sak. boob cpwhapsndirvaGinsinnvildnp bossa nengonsctanssoaskidpaccaaBepags 9 9a. Large stout plants, rhizome diameter 2.5-3.5 cm. Fronds up to | m long. Spines abundant On ThiZOME ...............0.csscescesssessesecersoeeess 8. L. celebica 9b. Small to moderate sized plants rhizome diameter 1|.5-2.5 cm. Fronds not more than 45 cm long. Spines very sparse, never abundant .............. 10 10a. Rhizome bearing a dense indumentum of branched hyaline to brown glandular hairs. LUZOM .........ccssscsssssesesseessensessees 9. L. luzonensis 298 10b. Rhizome apices with an indumentum of scattered brown glandular hairs and scale. West Malesia .........1.-..ccsseeeee 10. L. pumila lla. Fronds entire with sori inserted on lamina in two rows on either side of rachis.........,.<:...1cschueeeeeeee 11. L. spinosa 11b. Fronds pinnatifid with sori immersed on extra-marginal lobes or sessile on lamina ......:...:0:..« . a x ae Oper \*) y aie kee Ass es TN Ci: Bt HO eS bg dé Se] IES es Fig. 2. Lecanopteris mirabilis A: mature fertile frond D: peltate scales B: rhizome E: venation of fertile frond C: rhizome apex F: venation of sterile frond Drawing by Jenni Marsh 299 300 lomarioides (Kunze ex Mett.) Copel., in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16: 123 (1929). Myrmecopteris lomarioides (Kunze ex Mett.) Pic. Ser., in Webbia 31: 240 (1977). Type: Cuming 243, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, Philippines (iso in BM, L, P, US). Polypodium sarcopus Teysm. & Binnend., in Natuurk. Ned. Ind. 29: 241 (1867). Pleopeltis sarcopus (Teysm. & Binnend.) Alderw., in Bull. Dept. Agric. Ind. Neer]. 27: 3 (1909). Myrmecophila sarcopus (Teysm. & Binnend.) Ching, in Sunyatsenia 5 (4): 259 (1940). Myrmecopteris sarcopus (Teysm. & Binnend.) Pic. Ser., in Webbia 31: 240 (1977). Type: Teysmann and de Vries 75, Manado, Minahassa, Sulawesi (iso in BM, K, L). Polypodium sauvinierei Baker, Ann. Bot. (1891), 480. Type: De la Sauviniére 382, “route de Sukur a Sawan’, Minahassa, Sulawesi (K). Rhizome creeping, dimorphic, consisting of solid, cylindrical, frond- bearing rhizomes 1-2 cm diameter which produce hollow, frondless lateral branches tapering at their apices, 2-3 cm diameter and forming an ant- inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched; densely covered in translucent, orbicular, dark-centred, peltate scales, 1-2 mm diam. Phyllopodia solid, prominent, 1-1.5 cm high. Stipes 10-30 cm long, dark brown. Fronds mid-green, deeply pinnatifid, winged at their bases, 20-140 cm long, glabrous, coriaceous, monomorphic; apex and apices of lobes ovate; veins forming a series of areoles with a freely branching recurrent vein. Sori deeply immersed in lamina, 1-2 mm diameter, circular, in a single row on either side of the rachis and main veins, forming projections on the upper frond surface. Sporangia c. 500 um long. Spores biconvex. Representative specimens: Sulawesi: Koorders 17115b, Minahassa (L); Hennipman 6079, along Malili- Soroako road, nr Wasuponda, S Sulawesi, 440 m asl. (L); Gay 1262, Lake Matano, nr Soroako. Philippines: Cuming 241], 242, Luzon (K). 3. Lecanopteris crustacea Copel. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 12: 406 (1931). Polypodium lomarioides Kunze ex Mett., Farng. 1, Polypod. Tab.2, Figs 18-19 (1856). Pleopeltis lomarioides (Kunze ex Mett.) Moore, in Ind. Fil.: 78 (1857). Phymatodes crustacea (Copel.) Holttum, Ferns of Malaya: 190 (1955). Type: Burchard 158, UC. 391610(UC.). Rhizome creeping, hollow, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, sub-dimorphic, 3-5 cm diameter; thickly covered in orbicular peltate scales 1-2 mm diameter with ferruginous centres and translucent edges. Phyllopodia solid, not prominent. Stipes 10-15 cm long, dark brown. Fronds mid-green, deeply pinnatifid, winged at their bases, 30-60 cm long, lobe and frond apices rounded, fertile fronds more deeply lobed than sterile fronds; veins forming a series of areoles with a freely branching recurrent vein. Sori circular, deeply immersed on lamina in a single row on either side of the rachis and main veins, forming projections | mm high on the upper lamina surface. Spores biconvex. Representative specimens: Sarawak: Richards 2259, Mt Dulit, rain forest, 300 m asl. (K). Sumatra: de Wilde & de Wilde Duyfjes 19464, G. Leuser Forest Reserve, Acheh, recently logged forest (L). Kalimantan: Kostermans 9793, Mentawi NAR, be 3 301 River, Balikpapan Dist., low wetland (BO). 4. Lecanopteris sinuosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel. Fig. 3. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 12: 123 (1929). Polypodium sinuosum Wall. ex Hook., Spec. Fil. 5: 61, pl. 284 (1864) Pleopeltis sinuosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Beddome, Ferns of British India pl. 8 (1865); Alderw., in Bull. Dept. Agric. Ind. Neerl. 27: 3 (1909). Phymatodes sinuosa (Wall. ex Hook.) J. Sm., Ferns British and Foreign, 2nd ed.: 296 (1877). Myrmecophila sinuosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Nakai ex Ito, in J. Jap. Bot. 11: 98 (1935). Myrmecopteris sinuosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Pic. Ser., in Webbia 31: 240 (1977). Type: Wallich 2231, (K). Rhizome hollow, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, stout, creeping, 1-2 cm diameter, little or much-branched, densely covered with orbicular, dark-centred peltate scales with translucent margins 1-2 mm diam. Phyllopodia hollow, prominent, 1-1.5 cmhigh. Stipes brown to green, 3-8 cm long. Fronds mid to pale bright green, entire, occasionally slightly crenate (especially fertile fronds), winged at their bases, glabrous, 2-3 x 15-30 cm, coriaceous, monomorphic, apex rounded; veins forming a series of large areoles with a branching recurrent vein. Sori immersed, circular to rarely elliptical, ina single row on the lamina on either side of the rachis, 3-5 mm diameter, forming projections on the upper lamina surface. Sporangia c. 300 um long. Spores biconvex. Representative specimens: New Guinea: Croft 496, nr Agamoia, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province, disturbed lowland forest, 50 m asl. (LAE); Howcroft, Lae 64023, Wutung, Vanimo Subdistrict, on hoop pine, 800 m asl. (LAE). Peninsular Malaysia: Gay /208, banks on S. Tahan, Taman Negara, 30 m asl. (K). Sulawesi: Darnaedi 1851, Lake Matano area, Soroako, S. Sulawesi (BO,L) Subg. Lecanopteris. 5. Lecanopteris curtisti Baker Fig. 4. J. Bot. 19 (n. s.) 10: 366 (1881). Lecanopteris saccata Alderw., in Bull. Jard. Buit. 2 (23): 14(1916). Type: Curtis, Sumatra, s. n., s. d. (K). Lecanopteris philippinensis Alderw., in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2 (1); 8 (1911). Type: Elmer 10491, Todaya District of Davao, Mt Apo (L, K, P iso). Lecanopteris deparioides (Ces.) Baker, in J. Bot. 19 n. s. 10: 366 (1881). Polypodium deparioides Christ, Farnkraute der Erde: 116 (1897), nom. illeg. non Baker (1879). Davallia deparioides Ces., Fel. di Bor.: 13 (1876). Lecanopteris incurvata Baker, in Ann. Bot. 8 (30): 123 (1894). Type: Hancock 88, Between Kroe and Liwa, Barisan Mts, Sumatra (K). Lecanopteris macleayi Baker, Malesia 2: 244 (1886). Pleopeltis macleayi (Baker) Alderw., in Bull. Dept. Agric. Ind. Neerl. 27: 2 (1909). Polypodium barisanicum Alderw., Malayan Ferns,: 627 (1908), nom. nov. pro Lecanopteris incurvatum Baker (1894) non Polypodium incurvatum Blume (1828). Polypodium naviculare Alderw., Malayan Ferns,: 627 (1908), nom. nov. pro Lecanopteris curtisii Baker (1881) non Polypodium curtisii Baker (1881). Polypodium patelliferum Burck., in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. 4: 96. Tab. 7 (1884). Rhizome creeping, hollow, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much branched, 2-3 cm diameter, glaucous with a waxy sheen, glabrous except for a scattering of scales at the apex. Phyllopodia prominent, 1-1.5 cm high, hollow. Stipes 10-25 cm long, dark brown. Fronds mid-green, 10-20 x 30-70 cm, 302 o «© i; - % i Os * | ) 8 ie) >] Fig. 3. Lecanopteris sinuosa D: peltate scales E: venation of sterile frond F: venation of fertile frond A: fertile frond B: rhizome C: rhizome apex - Drawing by Jenni Marsh 303 Fig. 4. Lecanopteris curtisii A: fertile frond D: venation of fertile frond, B: rhizome showing boat-shaped sori C: apical rhizome and fronds E: venation of sterile frond Drawing by Jenni Marsh 304 deeply pinnatifid; winged at bases, apices of lobes rounded, lobed perpendicular to rachis, basal lobes not reduced, glabrous, chartaceous, glaucous on undersides; veins forming a series of areoles with freely branching recurrent veins. Sori on extramarginal teeth, immersed in boat-shaped involucres, each tooth supplied by a main vein. Spores biconvex. Representative specimens: New Guinea: Jacobs 9148, 20 km SSW of Lake Kutubu, Southern Highlands Province, primary forest on limestone (LAE); Womersley, NGF 13556, Wagau, Hersog Mts, Morobe Province, 3800 ft asl. (LAE). Java: Docters van Leeuween 11571, ‘by Buitenzorg’(L). Sumatra: Yates 2334, Toetepan, Tapanoeli (L). 6. Lecanopteris balgooyi Hennipman Kew Bull. 41: 783 (1986). Type: Hennipman 5650, Sopu Valley, C. Sulawesi (L, holo: BO, K, U iso). Rhizome creeping, hollow, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, 2-3 cm diameter, glabrous, with hollow spines homologous with undeveloped fronds on the phyllopodia. Phyllopodia hollow, prominent. Stipes dark brown. Fronds bright green, entire to pinnatifid, winged at their bases, apices of lobes rounded, 25-45 cm long, glabrous, chartaceous. Sori deeply immersed on lamina in a single row on either side of rachis or the main vein in pinnatifid fronds. Sporangia c. 900um long. Spores bi- to planoconvex. Representative specimens: Sulawesi: Hennipman 5650, Sopu Valley (Type), Hennipman 6059, Mt Wawonseru, S.W. of Soroako, 1000 m asl (L, BO, K, U). 7. Lecanopteris carnosa (Reinw.) Blume Enum. FI. Javae Fil. (1829) pl. 94a; Bece., Malesia 2: 224 (1886); C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 117 (1913). Onychium carnosum Reinw., in Syllog. Plant. 2: 3 (1824). Polypodium lecanopteris Mett., in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. 2: 224 (1886), nom. nov. pro Onychium carnosum non Polypodium carnosum Mett. (1857). Pleopeltis carnosa (Reinw.) Alderw., in Bull. Dept. Agric. Ind. Neerl. 27: 3 (1909). Polypodium carnosum H. Christ, in Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel 11: 26, nom. illeg. (1895) non Mett. (1857). Type: Reinwardt s. n., s. d., Minahassa, Sulawesi (L, holo; BM. iso) Rhizome creeping, hollow, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, 1.5-2.5 cm diameter, covered with an indumentum of branched gladular hairs. Phyllopodia prominent, hollow, some bearing coralloid excrescences homologous with undeveloped fronds. Stipes dark brown, 10-20 cm long. Fronds mid-green, chartaceous, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, winged at their bases, apices of lobes rounded, 30-90 cm long. Sori circular, deeply immersed on orbicular extra-marginal lobes, 2-3 mm long. Sporangiac. 1250 um long. Spores planoconvex. Representative specimens: Sulawesi: Alston 15637, G. Mahawu, 900 m asl. (BM); 305 de Vogel & Vermeulen 7141, Bolaang Mongondow, N. Sulawesi (L). 8. Lecanopteris celebica Hennipman Blumea 32 (2): 313 (1987). Type: Hennipman 5665, nr Biromaru, Central Sulawesi, 1000-1250 m asl. (L, holo; BM, BO, U, iso). Rhizome creeping, 2.5-3.5 cm diameter, hollow, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, covered with an indumentum of branched glandular hairs to 1 mm long at the apices, and scattered solid spines 2-3 mm long homologous with undeveloped fronds. Phyllopodia hollow, 1-1.5 cm high. Stipes dark brown, 10-20cm long. Fronds mid-green, chartaceous, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, winged at their bases, apices of lobes rounded, 40-90 cm long; veins anastomosing, areoles with recurrent free veins. Sori circular, deeply immersed on orbicular extra-marginal lobes, each lobe supplied by a main vein, 2-3 mm diameter. Sporangia c. 1000 um long. Spores planoconvex. Representative specimens: Sulawesi: Hennipman 5993, Mt. Wawonseru, nr Soroako (BO, L, U); Gay 1250, Sopu Valley, 80 km south-east of Palu, 1000 m asl. 9. Lecanopteris luzonensis Hennipman Blumea 32: 311 (1987). Lecanopteris carnosa auct. non. (Reinw.) Blume; Copeland, Fern Flora of the Philippines 3: 499 (1960). Type: Hennipman 7820, Quezon Province, nr Real, Luzon (L). Rhizome creeping, 1.5-2.5 cm diameter, hollow, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, apices covered with an indumentum of branched glandular hairs, and scattered solid spines homologous with undeveloped fronds. Phyllopodia hollow, prominent, 1-1.5cm high. Stipes dark brown, 5-10 cm long. Fronds bright green, chartaceous, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, winged at their bases, apices of lobes acute to rounded, 12-45 cm long; veins anastomosing, areoles with recurrent free veins. Sori oval, deeply immersed on reflexed extra-marginal lobes, each lobe supplied by a main vein, 1.5-2 mm diam.. Sporangia c. 1000 um long. Spores biconvex. Representative specimens: Philippines: Whitford 334, Mt Mariveles, Batan Province (K, Mich, NY, P); Elmer 22092, Camp Stotsenberg, Mt Pinatubo, Pampanga (BM, K, L, NY); Loher 13430, Paningtingan, Rizal Province (M). 10. Lecanopteris pumila Blume. Flora Javae Fil., pl. 94b (1829) (sin. desc.). Lecanopteris nieuwenhuisenii Christ., in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. 20: 127 (1899). Type: Nieuwenhuisen 496, Batoe Lesong, Borneo (K). Rhizome creeping, hollow, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, 1.5-2.5 cm diameter, with scattered scales and branched hairs 306 to 1 mm long at apices but otherwise glabrous. Phyllopodia hollow, prominent, 1-1.5 cm high. Stipes dark brown, 7-10 cm long. Fronds bright green, chartaceous, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, winged at their bases, apices of lobes rounded, 4-6 x 20- 40 cm; veins anastomosing, areoles with recurrent free veins. Sori circular, deeply immersed on orbicular extra-marginal lobes, each lobe supplied by a main vein, 2- 3 mm diameter. Spores biconvex. Representative specimens: Peninsular Malaysia: Henderson I 1072, Rhododendron Hill , Cameron Highlands, Pahang, 5200 ft asl. (SING); Gay 1078, G. Beremban, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, 1600 m asl. (K,); Henderson 11817, G. Hijau, Perak, 4750 ft asl. (SING). Borneo: Jermy 13247, G. Mulu, Sarawak, 1790 m asl. (BM). 11. Lecanopteris spinosa Jermy & Walker Fern Gaz. 11: 167 (1975). Type: Jermy 7609, Latimojong Mts, South Sulawesi, 1950 m asl. (BM holo; BO, GH, L iso). Rhizome creeping, hollow, forming an anti-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, 2.5-3.5 cm diamter, densely covered with sharply pointed spines up to 6 mm long which are epidermal outgrowths. Phyllopodia solid, not prominent. Stipes short to absent, winged if present. Fronds bright green, coriaceous, glabrous, lobed to entire and crenate, apices rounded, 20-30 cm long; veins anastomosing, areoles with included free veinlets. Sori circular, deeply immersed on lamina, forming projections on its upper surface, 2-3 mm diameter. Spores monolete. Representative specimens: Sulawesi: Jermy 7609 (type); Walker T. 12179 (BM), Latimojong Mts, locality as type. 12. Lecanopteris darnaediti Hennipman Kew Bull. 41: 785 (1986). Type: Hennipman 5322, Mt Roroka Timbu, Central Sulawesi, 2425 m asl. (L, holo; BO, K, U, iso). Rhizome creeping, hollow with two gallery systems, forming an ant- inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, of massive construction, 3.5-4.5 cm diam., densely covered with sharply pointed spines 2-3 mm long which are epidermal outgrowths. Phyllopodia solid, not prominent. Stipes dark brown, 15-25 cm long. Fronds dark green, coriaceous, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, winged at their bases, apices of lobes rounded, 20-80 cm long; veins strongly sclerified, appearing black. Sori circular, immersed on unstalked reflexed extra-marginal lobes, 3 mm diam. Sporangia c. 900 um long. Spores monolete, 55-65 by 35-45um. Representative specimens: Sulawesi: Darnaedi 1564 (BO, K, L); Hennipman 5322 307 (type); Gay 1260, all Mt Roroka Timbu, Central Sulawesi, 2300-2500 m asl. (K). 13. Lecanopteris holttumii Hennipman Blumea 32: 313 (1987). Type: Lack & Grimes 1743, Mt Tambusisi, Morowali Province, East Central Sulawesi (K). Rhizome creeping, hollow with two gallery systems, forming an ant-inhabited domatium with a dark inner wall, much-branched, of massive construction, 3.5-4.5 cm diam., densely covered with sharply pointed spines 2-3 mm long which are epidermal outgrowths. Phyllopodia solid, not prominent. Stipes dark brown, 15- 25 cm long. Fronds dark green, coriaceous, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, winged at their bases, apices of lobes rounded, 20-80 cm long; veins hardly sclerified, appearing green. Sori circular, immersed on unreflexed, stalked extra-marginal lobes, 3 mm diam. Sporangia c. 900 um long. Spores monolete. Representative specimen: Type specimen. Distribution Lecanopteris is largely confined to Malesia; only L. sinuosa has a range extending marginally beyond the borders of this floristic region (Figs 5-8). Wallace’s Line is a convenient means of demarcation for subg. Myrmecopteris apart from L. sinuosa; L. mirabilis, L. sarcopus and L. crustacea are allopatric species. Lecanopteris mirabilis is found east of Wallace’s Line in New Guinea, Ambon and Seram, L. crustacea to its west, in Borneo, Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, and L. sarcopus on either side of this floristic divide. Lecanopteris sarcopus occurs in Sulawesi, whose biota has Australian affinities, and in the Philippines, where Asian elements predominate in the flora. Lecanopteris sinuosa is found throughout Malesia, and extends into southern Taiwan, Queensland (Australia), Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands (Fig. 5). Subgenus Lecanopteris consists of three species groups. The L. curtisii group contains a wide-ranging species, L. curtisii, found in New Guinea, Borneo, Java and Sumatra, and the Philippines. The New Guinean form of L. curtisii may be given specific rank. Lecanopteris philippinensis is sunk into L. curtisii (E. Hennipman unpub.). Here the group is treated as one wide-ranging, disjunct species, L. curtisti s.1. (Fig. 6). The L. pumila group outside Sulawesi consists of L. /uzonensis, endemic to the Philippines, and the wide-ranging L. pumila, which occurs in Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. This group is most speciose in Sulawesi, where the endemics L. balgooyi, L. celebica and L. carnosa are found. Lecanopteris carnosa occurs in northern Sulawesi. Lecanopteris celebica and L. balgooyi are sympatric at their only two known localities in central Sulawesi, but seem to be ecologically stiajdozauiK snuasqns Jo UONNGLNSIp sy, *¢ “Sty * BadR}SMUO “7 esonuls “7 sndooases “7 Hy ve A 308 309 dnois 1181J4nNI s14aJdouvdIaT IY} JO UOINGLNSIP oY], °9 “3Iy e ia Spy nar: Sale NSNAIND “7 — o HSIN “7 dnois njynund sisajdoun2aT 3y) JO UONNGLYSIP oy, “/ “SI (ouyedwAs) \Aoobyjeg “7 BIIGa/e0 “7 ejiuund “7 SISUQUOZN| “7 310 L. holttumii io L. darnaedii SULAWESI co L. spinosa Fig. 8. The distribution of the Lecanopteris darnaedii group 311 312 Table 1: The physical nature of the field sites. Climatic data was obtained from “Maps of New Guinea’, an Office of Forests publication for Papua New Guinea, and from Walter and Leith (1967) for the other sites. Site abbreviations are given in Appendix 2. Alt. (m) Rainf. (mm) | Temp. (°C) Soil type No. of plants 20 30 1500 1400-1850 1600 1400 1800 1900 700 600 * = data not available limestone- derived, thin alluvial, coarse volcanic silicaceous, acid, thin silicaceous silicaceous alluvial alluvial waterlogged, over standstone quartzite and granite derived brown loam brown loam volcanic peaty, waterlogged alluvial quartzite dervied, thin brown loam brown loam brown loam thin, impoverished brown loam alluvial limestone- derived, thin brown loam sandy, alluvial Pa 313 separated. All other species in the L. pumila group are allopatric (Fig. 7). All three species comprising the L. darnaedii group are endemic to Sulawesi, known only from their type locatities, and are allopatric (Fig. 8). The centre of diversity of Lecanopteris is undoubtedly Sulawesi, where eight of the 13 species, including six endemics, are found. This is paradoxical in terms of the pteridophyte biogeography of Malesia. New Guinea has the greatest diversity of pteridophytes, containing 2000 species compared with 1000 in Borneo (Parris 1985). Three species of Lecanopteris occur in New Guinea: L. mirabilis, L. sinuosa and L. curtisii; Borneo contains the latter two species, and also L. pumila and L. crustacea. Allthese species are found in Peninsular Malaysia except for L. mirabilis and L. curtisii. The Philippines have an endemic, L. /uzonensis, which has strong affinities with L. pumila; L. sarcopus; the wide-ranging L. sinuosa; and L. curtisii s. 1. (syn.: L. philippinensis). Lecanopteris is poorly represented on Java, where only the widespread L. sinuosa and L. curtisii occur. The distribution of Lecanopteris in relation to its speciation is considered below. Ecology The most apparent feature of the ecology of Lecanopteris is its interaction with ants. This however is only one component of the constraints and requirements which determine its geographical and environmental distribution. The abiotic environment The abiotic environment of epiphytes is partly mediated by their host trees and may bear little relation to conditions on the forest floor or in the canopy. Table 1 shows physical features of habitats where Lecanopteris was recorded. The ecology of L. sinuosa (402 plants) and L. pumila (206 plants) has been documented in greatest detail. Climate The only member of Lecanopteris with a range extending into seasonal habitats is L. sinuosa. It occurs in Southeast Thailand, north of the Kra Isthmus, which is a major climatic and floristic divide, separating the moist tropics from seasonal regions. Within the tropics, this species is known from the seasonal savannahs of Central and Western Provinces, Papua New Guinea, and Bako heath forest, Sarawak, which have pronounced dry seasons of three to five months (Paaijmans 1976). Moisture stress in plants is related to the soil’s capacity to absorb and retain water as well as the amount of precipitation; although the ridgetop vegetation inhabitated by L. pumila in Malaysia has high and even rainfall (Table 1), the thin silicaceous soil and steep topography causes periodic water shortage (Whitmore 1984). 314 Lecanopteris mirabilis is confined to moist, cloudy mid-montane forest, and L. crustacea to lowland evergreen and swamp forests. All the Sulawesi species are found in montane environments with a seasonal rainfall, except L. sarcopus, which inhabits ever-wet lowland and hill areas, as does L. curtisii in Papua New Guinea. Daytime temperatures are high and equable in the habitats of all species (18 —28° C). Altitude rather than latitude causes a decrease in temperature in the upper elevations of the range for L. mirabilis, L. darnaedii and L. pumila (Table 1). Within the tropics, precipitation is a greater limiting factor than temperature in determining colonisable habitats. Soil nutrient status In certain environments such as savannah, ridge forest and heath forest the nutrient-poor conditions are a contibributory factor allowing wide-ranging Lecanopteris species to become locally dominant on the stunted vegetation; otherwise no Lecanopteris species has its geographical or ecological distribution curtailed by dependence on presence of an impoverished soil. Lecanopteris sinuosa is found in a wide range of vegetation types, and its dominance varies greatly. It is most abundant in fire maintained or oligotrophic environments such as the savannahs of Western Province, Papua New Guinea and Bornean heath forest. The preponderance of nutritive myrmecophytism in nutrient- poor habitats has been described by Janzen (1974) and Thompson (1981), and is considered in more detail below. Hower L. sinuosa was not universally common in nutrient-constrained habitats: it was never abundant in peat-swamp forest, which does not harbour the myrmeco-epiphytic communities of heath forest, and was rare in the silicaceous-soiled heath forests at Nabawan (Brunei) and G. Panti (Peninsular Malaysia). Few other Lecanopteris species occur in nutrient-poor habitats. Lecanopteris crustacea was collected at Badas swamp forest, Brunei (Gay s. n.), and regularly inhabits waterlogged forest (Fr. E. Schmutz 4930; Anderson 8544, Borneo). Lecanopteris pumila is a dominant epiphyte in the stunted vegetation of impoverished quartzite ridgetop soils in Peninsular Malaysia, but is also abundant in mid-montane environments. Lecanopteris curtisii has been collected from limestone ridges around Lake Kutubu, Papua New Guinea (Jacobs 9184), but again is not restricted to such sites. Lecanopteris sinuosa and L. pumila are abundant at some oligotrophic sites, but L. crustacea and L. curtisii are scarce. 315 Table 2: The range of vegetation types inhabited by Lecanopteris mee l= - - ~ - - - - - - - L. mirabilis . Sarcopus . crustacea . sSinuosa . curtisii . pumila . luzonensis . balgooyi . celebica . carnosa spinosa . darnaedii Pome ere eet Kees te Te ei te ite Ree . holttumti Key 1 = lowland rain forest 8 = mangrove swamps 2 = swamp forest 9 = man-disturbed vegetation 3 = lower montane or hill forest 10 = secondary re-growth 4 = mid-montane forest + = recorded from vegetation 5 = summit or ridgetop vegetation - = not recorded 6 = heath forest ? = likely to be present but not recorded 7 = savannah The biotic environment Vegetation types inhabited by Lecanopteris Table 2 shows that the habitats of the entire genus span a wide range of forest types described by Whitmore (1984). Some species, such as L. darnaedii, are restricted to a single forest type, and others such as L. sinuosa and L. sarcopus have a wide ecological tolerance. Formations in which Lecanopteris is rare are described briefly; for more detailed descriptions, see Whitmore (1984). Wet lowland forests Lowland rain forest is not considered an abundant or diverse habitat for ant- 316 epiphytes, although understorey trees such as Aphanamixis myrmecophila (Meliaceae), Leonardoxa africana (Leguminosae) and Barteria fistulosa (Passifloraceae) are common. Few ant-epiphytes have been recorded from Malesian lowland rain forest; only one infrequently collected species of Lecanopteris is regularly found, L. crustacea, and L. sinuosa have rarely been collected there. The infrequency of L. crustacea may partly be a function of its inaccessibility in tree crowns 50 m high. Seventeen fallen rhizomes were found on the forest floor around Kuala Tahan, Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia, indicating that L. crustacea may be locally common. This forest was dipterocarp-dominated and 35 - 40 m in height. Canopy epiphytes were abundant, but there were few on trunks and lower branches. It has also been recorded as a canopy epiphyte from lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in the Danum Valley, Sabah (Parris 10777). Freshwater swamp forest is a frequent habitat of L. crustacea (Kostermans 9793). This formation is similar to lowland rain forest, but with some marked differences: the canopy is lower, and species composition tends towards dominance by few or a single species (Shorea albida (Dipterocarpaceae) in Borneo; Campnosperma brevipetiolatum (Lauraceae) in Papua New Guinea). Inundation in these forests is periodic and usually due to flooding of rivers. The fern Platycerium ridleyi (Polypodiaceae) has been collected twice in association with L. crustacea and its ants (Camus 660, Borneo, Franken & Roos 341, Sumatra), and may participate in a ‘loose’ antplant mutualism, as suggested by the observations of Paterson (1982). Platycerium ridleyi has no domatium, but produces nectar from nectaries on its fronds. Lecanopteris sinuosa was infrequently found in freshwater swamp forest in Western Province, Papua New guinea (Gay s. n.). These are the only Lecanopteris species recorded from freshwater swamp forest, and are also known from riverine forest (L. crustacea, Hirano and Hotta 177). Lecanopteris sinuosa was found on the banks of the Binaturi River, Western Province, Papua New Guinea, and L. crustacea on the S. Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia (both Gay s. n.). Such forest is similar to rain forest, but less dense and of lower stature (25 - 35 m). Epiphytes are abundant on trunks and branches as well as in the crowns. Moist lowland forest does not contain great abundance or diversity of Lecanopteris species. Only L. crustacea, which is confined to these formations, and L. sinuosa, which is infrequently found there as a function of its generalist ecology, are represented. Montane forest The greatest diversity of Lecanopteris is found at altitudes of 1000 - 2000 m: L. pumila in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo; L. curtisii in New Guinea, Sumatra and the Philippines; L. mirabilis in New Guinea; L. spinosa, L. darnaedii, L. carnosa, L. holttumii, L. celebica and L. balgooyi in Sulawesi. The habitats in which they occur span lower montane forest for L. curtisii, L. celebica and L. balgooyi; mid- 317 montane forest for L. darnaedii, L. holttumii,L. spinosa,L. carnosaand L. mirabilis, and stunted ridgetop forest for L. pumila. Lower montane forest is shorter than lowland forest (15 - 35 m), and begins at 800 - 1000 m in mountain ranges. Epiphytes are abundant and there are few big woody climbers. Lecanopteris curtisii inhabits this formation locally in New Guinea (e.g. on Mt. Bosavi), as does L. celebica in South Sulawesi (Mt. Wawonseru) and L. mirabilis in Seram. Individuals seen were usually in tree crowns. Lecanopteris darnaedii in Sulawesi and L. mirabilis in Papua New Guinea were found in mid-montane forest (c. 2000 m asl.), with acanopy height of 20 - 25 m. This forest type was similar to lower montane forest apart from dominance of a few tree species (Castanopsis acuminatissima in the highlands of New Guinea, Agathis damar on Mt. Roroka Timbu, Sulawesi), and more abundant epiphytes. Stunted ridgetop forest inhabited by L. pumila was found at 1500 - 1800 min the Genting Highlands (G. Bunga Buah), the Cameron Highlands (G. Beremban), and G. Tahan (all in Peninsular Malaysia). Exposure and moisture stress, rather than the sole effect of altitude, contribute to nutrient impoverishment and cause stunting of vegetation. The summit/ridgetop nature of the vegetation was similar at all sites: the canopy was 5 - 8 m high, tree cover was not continuous, and L. pumila was an abundant or dominant epiphyte. Ericaceae dominated the tree flora (Vaccinium and Rhododendron spp.); Dacrydium deccarii (Podocarpaceae) was also common. The vegetation was microphyllous and sclerophyllous. Ground cover was a dense thicket of rhizomatous ferns such as Matonia pectinata (Matoniaceae) and Dipteris conjugata (Polypodiaceae). Lecanopteris has never been found above the tree line. This may seem self- evident for an epiphyte, but Myrmecodia lamii grows on the ground at 3600 m on Doormantop, Irian Jaya (Jebb 1985). Impoverished or disturbed habitats Mangrove swamps, forest on limestone, savannah, heath forest and secondary forest are all either nutrient-poor or have had their structure and species composition affected by human activity. Lecanopteris sinuosa and L. mirabilis are the only members of the genus known from mangrove swamps: L. sinuosa was recorded form Bako, Sarawak, and near Lae, Papua New Guinea (both Gay s. n.), and L. mirabilis from Air Besar, Seram (B.S. Parris pers. comm.). Lecanopteris sinuosa was not abundant at either locality, and absent from mangrove swamps in Madang, where Hydnophytum is found, in Western Province, Papua New Guinea, and Sungei Buloh, Peninsular Malaysia. 318 Lacustrine limestone forest around Lake Kutubu, Papua New Guinea, had abundant in L. sinuosa, especially at the lake edge. The canopy was 5 - 11 m, and tree cover was not dense. Epiphytes were abundant, and L. sinuosa frequently covered branches or entire trees. Limestone forest at Mulu, Sarawak, yielded no L. sinuosa, which has not been recorded there. Lecanopteris curtisii has been collected from Nothofagus-dominated limestone ridges at 100 m asl around Lake Kutubu (Jacobs 9148). The savannah in Western Province, Papua New Guinea, is referred to by Whitmore (1984) as monsoon forest, but the locality studied around the Binaturi River was grassland with trees rather than continuous tree cover. The accepted origin for the southern savannahs and seasonal forests of New Guinea is that they result from gradual degradation by burning of pre-existing alluvial forest. Whether the present cover is treeless grassland, scattered trees or open forest depends on the frequency and intensity of the burning (Paaijmans 1976). The most striking feature of these savannahs is the great abundance of myrmeco-epiphytes: Myrmecodia tuberosa, Hydnophytum mosleyanum, Lecanopteris sinuosa, Dischidia rafflesiana and D. nummularia. The myrmecophytic aspect of this vegetation is considered below. Lecanopteris sinuosa is acommon and locally dominant epiphyte. In the locality studied, tree crowns did not touch one another and trunks were 3-10 m apart. The dominant tree species were Eucalyptus spp., Melaleuca sp., Banksia dentata, Tristania spp., Timonius timon and Planchonella sp. Bark was pale and often flaky; leaves were sclerophyllous, and except for Banksia, microphyllous. There was a dense, often impeding cover of Kunai grass (Imperata cylindrica). Epiphytes, other than the abundant myrmecophytes, were rare. Bornean heath forest rivals New Guinea savannahs in abundance of myrmeco-epiphytes of related species, except for the replacement of Hydnophytum mosleyanum by H. formicarum and Dischidia rafflesiana by D. astephana. This forest type is found on impoverished, siliceous, acidic, often podsolised soils derived from Quaternary marine deposits (Bruning 1974). The greatest density of ant-epiphytes occurs in the padang (lit., open space, field), at Bako National Park, Sarawak, which is a more open formation than true heath forest or kerangas (lit., where rice will not grow) (Browne 1952). Tree height in padang was 4 - 10 m, and tree crowns barely touched one another. Soil was thin and patches of bare rock were visible. Myrtaceae dominated the tree flora: Tristania sp., Baeckia frutescens and Eugenia multibracteosa were common species. Other abundant species were Ploiaria alternifolium, Pternandra coerulescens and Dacrydium beccarii. Although Janzen (1974) found few individuals of L. sinuosa in his study of myrmeco- epiphytes at Bako, it was an abundant and apparent member of the ant- epiphyte community. a9 The kerangas, or pole forest, had a canopy height of 15 - 20 m at Nabawan and Badas in Borneo. Tristania obovata and Timonius flavescens were common tree species. Lecanopteris sinuosa was not abundant in either of these kerangas forests; nine and 20 plants respectively were recorded. Peninsular Malaysian heath forests are not as widespread as those in Borneo, but occur along the east coast on the plateaux of G. Panti, G. Lesong, and G. Janing in the south of the peninsula, and on the quartzite upper slopes of the anomalous, isolated mountain G. Jerai in the north. Lecanopteris sinuosa was never common in Malaysia, only rare scattered individuals being found, in contrast to its abundance in Borneo and New Guinea. Four individuals were recorded on G. Jerai and three on G. Panti. It is also reported from the Endau-Rompin heath forests in small numbers (Wong, Saw & Kochummen 1987; Saw L. G. pers. comm.). Gunung Panti supported a tree cover similar in density to Bornean kerangas. Canopy height was 20m. Gunung Jerai differed in floristic composition from the mountains in the Main Range in its possession of a ‘montane myrtaceous flora’ (K. M. Wong unpub.) between 800m and 1000 m, where L. sinuosa is infrequently found. Canopy cover was continuous but not closed. Common tree species were Eugenia spicata (Myrtaceae), Tristania merguensis and Adinandra acuminata. Epiphytes other than myrmecophytes were uncommon. Heath forest is interspersed with peat swamp forest in Borneo. This swamp forest is periodically waterlogged and occurs as lenses around the surrounding kerangas. Lecanopteris sinuosa (two plants) and L. crustacea (one plant) were found in a Shorea albida-dominated peat swamp forest at Badas, Brunei, but not in a similar habitat at Nabawan. Thus these species occur in peat swamp forest but are not common. Lecanopteris sinuosa, L. curtisii, L. pumila, L. sarcopus and L. celebica are all found in disturbed areas or secondary forest, but none are confined to these habitats. Lecanopteris sinuosa was common on coconut plantations in Madang Province and locallly in abandoned gardens at Lake Kutubu, Karkar Island and Woodlark Island, all in Papua New Guinea. Lecanopteris sarcopus, L. celebica and L. pumila were locally common on roadside trees, and also established on young regeneration in logged areas, as did L. mirabilis. Lecanopteris curtisii was found in old secondary forest on Mt. Bosavi, Papua New Ginea. Lecanopteris as a member of the far-eastern ant-epiphyte communities The assemblies of ant-epiphytes found in seasonal or disturbed habitats mentioned above have no parallel with any other plant communities. The abundance of Myrmecodia, Hydnophytum, Dischidia and Lecanopteris, the low species diversity of inhabitant ants (Iridomymex cordatus) and host plants, and the paucity of other epiphyte species are features unique to these habitats. 320 Only widespread species of each ant-epiphyte genus are found in these communities (L. sinuosa; M. tuberosa; H. formicarum; H. mosleyanum), all of which appear to be used equally by /. cordatus; single colonies are not species- specific but nest in all four genera. The range of nests available to the ants derives froma variety of plant organs: leaves in Dischidia, swollen hypocotyls inMyrmecodia and Hydnophytum, and Lecanopteris rhizomes. The benefit gained by the ants is similar in all plant species: a nest site, with sporadic food from the nectaries of Myrmecodia. Since the same colonies live in any hollow epiphyte, all the plants receive nutrients from their inhabitants, and Dischidia may also use ant-derived COz in photosynthesis. The rubiaceous ant- epiphytes predominate numerically, taxonomically and possess the most complex modifications: a network of chambers, either smooth or rough-walled, in which brood and debris are kept respectively (Huxley 1978). The high abundance and low diversity of these communities corresponds with a stress-tolerant strategy (Grime 1979). The ant-epiphytes may originally have become part of these communities by virtue of their ability to withstand the high insolation, moisture shortage and limited nutrient avialability, but their present predominance is likely to have been achieved and maintained by the ant association. Iridomyrmex cordatus plants seeds of Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum in ant carton and tends juvenile ant-epiphytes surrounding adult plants (Gay in press), thus contributing to the great abundance of living nests on trees and also to their clumped distribution. Noticeable features of ant-epiphyte communities are the great numbers of Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum seedlings in ant carton (which are most abundant around L. sinuosa because of its linear form) and the disparity between trees bearing as many as 50 mature Myrecodia and Hydnophytum, festooned with Lecanopteris and Dischidia, and those with no epiphytes at all. Ant-epiphyte distribution over area has an ‘all or nothing’ nature; overwhelming abundance contrasts with complete absence in seemingly similar and neighbouring areas of savannah in Western Province, Papua New Guninea. The ant-epiphyte community is self-perpetuating, and is more likely to increase in density than to spread beyond the range of established or daughter colonies. As an ant colony grows, it expands into greater numbers of plants on the same or a neighbouring tree. It reproduces to give daughter colonies which will inhabit more distant ant- epiphytes. Inter and intraspecific competition amongst the epiphytes for nesting ants is not likely to be intense; increased numbers of plants of any species will result in ant colony expansion and a need for more nest sites concomittantly increasing the abundance of all ant-epiphyte species. In every lowland ant-epiphyte community where all four genera are found, Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum are more abundant than Lecanopteris and Dischidia, but the latter two genera are present in the shared habitats in greater numbers than where they are the sole ant-epiphytes. This suggests that they benefit from the abundance of /ridomyrmex cordatus, and thus 34 indirectly from the presence of the other genera. Lecanopteris pumila and Dischidia astephana comprise a less striking ant- epiphyte community which is found in mid-montane forests and stunted ridgetop forests of Peninsular Malaysia. This community is less abundant, diverse and exclusive in terms of ant-epiphytes than that of the savannahs and heath forests, but these two species, inhabited by the ant Crematogaster treubi, predominate in the canopy. The mid-montane forest which they inhabit is closed, and L. pumila is largely confined to the crowns of trees. In the more open ridgetop environment, it is found equally on trunks and lower branches. Non-ant-epiphytes are as infrequent in ridgetop forest as they are in savannah or heath forest. Lecanopteris pumila is more abundant and apparent than D. astephana; single rhizome clumps achieve lengths of over 80 cm (Gay 1990). The bulk of an L. pumila rhizome, and its habit of growing on slender branches on tree crowns, may be an agent of gap formation on a small scale in montane forests. Large, mature plants on slim branches are common on the forest floor; the weight of an L. pumila may contribute to branch death or fall. Having fallen, a small gap results via which light penetrates the canopy and changes the nature of plant growth (Grubb 1977). It is uncommon for a guild of mutualists to determine community structure of their synusium to such an extent as the ant-epiphytes. Lowland ant- epiphyte communities undoubtedly dominate as a partial result of their association; plants gaining nutrient source and improved chances of establshment, and ants a nest. Lecanopteris on the host tree Host tree species Host trees of all Lecanopteris individuals recorded were collected and identified to discover any host preference in a habitat. Results are tabulated by species of Lecanopteris in Appendix 2. No species of Lecanopteris is epilithic as well as epiphytic, unlike members of the closely related polypodiaceous genera Microsorium and Phymatodes, where the same species may be terrestrial, epilithic and epiphytic. The label on the unique existing specimen of L. holttumii describes the plant as epiphytic or epilithic, but this is more likely to refer to fallen individuals (Lack & Grimes 1743). Cultivated Artocarpus spp., Theobroma cacao and Cocos nucifera were common hosts for L. sinuosa in artificial habitats at Lake Kutubu and Karkar Island, Papua New Guinea. In Western Province, Papua New Guinea, around the Binaturi River, L. sinuosa occurred 40 out of 121 times on Planchonella sp., and was 322 conspicuously absent from the dominant Eucalyptus and Melaleuca, perhaps because their peeling bark prevented establishment. Lecanopteris mirabilis at Roguts, Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea, was largely found growing on Castanopsis acuminatissima (24 out of 47 individuals). This tree forms almost pure stands in lower montane forest in New Guinea (Paaiymans 1976). On Mt. Mon in the Owen Stanley Range, Papua New Guinea, L. mirabilis was more catholic in host specificity, occuring on C. acuminatissima only 11 out of 51 times. The other two species found in large numbers, L. pumila and L. celebica showed no host preference; the high numbers of L. pumila recorded from Ficus sp. come from a single tree on Fraser’s Hill, Malaysia. No correlation was found between coccid cultivation by inhabitants of Lecanopteris and host tree. This was contrary to Janzen’s observations for all myrmeco-epiphytes in Sarawak (1974) and the work of Weir & Kiew (1986) on Dischidia and Leptospermum. The lack of selectivity of host tree species by both Lecanopteris for a substrate and the ants for a nest environment, suggests that both parties have a wide tolerance of their immediate surroundings. Host bark type The nature of the host tree bark was classified into ten categories, following those of Webb, Tracey and Williams (1976). The bark types and the relative numbers of individuals of each Lecanopteris species are shown in Table 3. All species show a marked preference for rough-barked trees (types 3, 4 & 5); 517 out of 798 plants were found on hosts with such bark. Trees with rough, fissured bark accounted for 190 individuals, and rough bark with dimples, scrolls, craters or coarse pustules, for a further 327 plants. 156 plants were found on trees with smooth, finely cracked bark. Poorly represented categories were: upper stem smooth, lower not; “papery” and “fibrous”. These categories were not abundant in most vegetation types, rather than being avoided by Lecanopteris, except in the savannahs of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, where they were common but did not bear L. sinuosa. The surfaces of many hosts, especially in montane forest, were covered in moss, but this was not systematically recorded. The predominance of rough-barked hosts is not surprising; this surface affords better purchase for epiphytic roots and traps more debris in its ridged surface. Effects of host bark type can be substantially mediated by the presence of other epiphytes or mosses on which Lecanopteris may grow, rather than being in direct contact with the bark. 323 Table 3. Bark types of host trees 10 16 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 5 15 5 8 10 6 9 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 1) Smooth and glassy. 6) Flaky and scaly. 2) Smooth with fine cracks/pustules. 7) Transverse hoops or ridges. 3) Rough with fissures > 1 cm deep. 8) Papery. 4) Rough with shallow fissures. 9) Fibrous. 5) Rough with crater/scrolls/dimples/coarse pustules. 10) Upper stem glassy smooth, lower not. Ecological and biogeographical aspects of speciation in Lecanopteris The two subgenera of Lecanopteris have different distribution patterns (Figs 2 to5). Subg. Myrmecopteris consists of three allopatric species whose main distinction lies in their rhizome differentation, L. mirabilis, L. sarcopus and L. crustacea. It also contains the wide-ranging L. sinuosa. Their speciation, apart from L. sinuosa, can be envisaged as allopatric, with existing variation in the gene pools of ecotypes intensifying into specific barriers upon geographical and ecological isolation. The three species all have distinct habitat requirements: L. mirabilis inhabits montane forests; L. crustacea is confined to lowland forests, and L. sarcopus is found in disturbed hill forest. Lecanopteris sarcopus and L. crustacea are most similar to one another, differing in scale colour, frond texture and in the dimorphism of the L. sarcopus rhizome. The total range of the genus is encompassed within that of L. sinuosa. Its opportunistic ecology and wide geographical range are characteristic of weedy pioneer species. These are typically variable in form, have high phenotypic plasticity, but tend not to speciate in the varied environments which they inhabit; their genotypic or phenotypic flexibility can accommodate a range of conditions. The wide distribution of L. sinuosa supports its position as a possible ancestral species in Lecanopteris, but this is countered by its opportunistic ecology. It may have been able to colonise new habitats as its range expanded, whereas species with 324 more specialised requirements failed to establish. Distribution patterns in subg. Lecanopteris are distinct from one another, and from Myrmecopteris. Lecanopteris curtisii s.1. is a wide-ranging species, second only to L. sinuosa (Figs 5 & 6). On each of the major land masses in the Malesian Archipelago, it forms more or less distinct races, one of which is currently recognised as a species (L. philippinensis). It is interesting to note that both L. sinuosa and L. curtisii, the most wide-ranging species, possess fewest apomorphies in their subgenera: L. curtisii bears none of the rhizome excrescences which characterise the L. pumila and L. darnaedii groups; and the external morphology of L. sinuosa is most similar to a polypodiaceous non-ant-fern. Thus variability in form, probably resulting from a wide geographical range, is found with a low number of apomorphies. The L. pumila group comprises one wide-ranging and morphologically variable species, L. pumila; one endemic in the Philippines, and three in Sulawesi. Two of these endemics, L. carnosa and L. celebica, are abundant in Sulawesi and have a generalist ecology. They are sister species, differing only in the nature of their aborted phyllopodia: L. carnosa bears excrescences, and L. celebica, spines. Neither their distribution nor their generalist ecology indicates speciation resulting from interrupted gene flow caused by the appearance of physical barriers in a pre-existing population. A mutation isolating the populations and preventing interbreeding is possible, but there is no evidence for it. The third Sulawesian species from the L. pumila group, L. balgooyi, is geographically sympatric with L. celebica, but little is known of its distribution and ecology. The L. darnaedii group is endemic to Sulawesi and consists of three similar species, each only known from its type locality (Fig. 8). Speciation in the L. darnaedii group is more plausibly envisaged as a series of range expansions than as isolation of existing populations. Founder effects in the colonising populations, causing genetic revolutions and speciation, are consistent with the small numbers and narrow distribution of these species. Discussion Lecanopteris exhibits a wide variety of geographical range and ecological tolerance. Lecanopteris sinuosa is found in every habitat within its altitudinal range save lowland evergreen rain forest, either as a dominant, abundant, common or (frequently) rare component. This correlates with a geographical range exceeding that of all other members of the genus; it is the sole representative beyond the Kra Isthmus, in the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, the Thursday Islands, N. Queensland and Taiwan. Lecanopteris sarcopus is less wide-ranging and ecologically tolerant than L. sinuosa, but inhabits a yur of vegetation types in Sulawesi and the Philippines. 325 In contrast, a highly restricted range and tolerance is exhibited by the Sulawesi endemics L. darnaedii, L. spinosa and L. holttumii, which are only known from their type localities in montane forest (Fig. 8). Also restricted to Sulawesi but with a wider ecological tolerance are L. carnosa, L. celebicaand L. balgooyi. Lecanopteris mirabilis and L. sarcopus both have wide distributions but are ecologically confined to mid-montane and lowland evergreen forest respectively. The former is locally abundant, the latter only known from scattered individuals. It should be emphasised for both these species that their ecological tolerance may be broader than the scope of fieldwork for this study, indicated by the discovery of L. mirabilis ina mangrove swamp in Seram (B.S. Parris, pers. comm.). The L. curtisii complex has a wide and a disjunct distribution, but is local in occurrence and never abundant. The distribution of L. pumila is similar to that of L. crustacea but it is far more abundant and inhabits montane forest (Figs 5 & 7). Thus opportunistic ecology and wide range are positively correlated in L. sinuosa and to a lesser extent in L. sarcopus, and the reverse is true for the Sulawesi montane endemics. Lecanopteris pumila, L. celebica, L. mirabilis and L. curtisii either have wide ranges and limited tolerance, or vice versa. The distribution of Lecanopteris species contrasts strongly with that of the rubiaceous ant-epiphytes, but similarities exist at the level of generic distribution. Both Hydnophytum and Myrmecodia extend beyond Malesia, into Cape York Peninsula, Australia, and the Solomon Islands. Hydnophytum is also found in the Andaman Islands, southern Indochina and Fiji (Huxley & Jebb 1991). The wider range of Hydnophytum compared to Myrmecodia parallels that of subg. Myrmecopteris relative to subg. Lecanopteris, as do the relative levels of specialisation for the ant association. The centre of species diversity of Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum is New Guinea; only four species of Hydnophytum are found in the rest of Malesia and a few species of Myrmecodia, including three in Cape York Peninsula (Huxley & Jebb 1991). Dischidia is most diverse in the Philippines, with double chambered domatia occurring in the species there (Rintz 1980). The different centres of diversity in the far-eastern genera of ant-epiphytes: Sulawesi for Lecanopteris; New Guinea for the Rubiaceae, and the Philippines for Dischidia, suggest that the combination of unique environmental conditions in these regions was not the only selective pressure operating during speciation in these groups. The potential for speciation can be attributed more to intrinsic factors such as the release of variability, and to stochastic processes, than on external events dependent on a particular area. Sympatry is rare in Lecanopteris; where geographical ranges overlap, ecological isolation occurs. On the two occasions that sympatry has been observed in the field, L. sinuosa has been found with L. curtisii and L. crustacea (Gay, pers. obs.). 326 No host preferences beyond common tree species were exhibited by any Lecanopteris species in any habitat, nor was the nature of the host bark an obvious constraint on colonisation. Noconstant patterns between the species and their environment emerge from the ecological data, but the genus shares one unifying characteristic in addition to myrmecophytism. All species are predominantly found either in disturbed or stunted vegetation which allow a high level of illumination such as heath forest, ridgetops or roadsides (L. sinuosa, L. sarcopus), or in taller, closed montane or lowland forest in the crowns of canopy trees (L. mirabilis, L. crustacea, L. darnaedii, L. curtisii s.1.). The genus comprises only heliophiles; individuals are rarely found in deep shade, where they are small and stunted. Lecanopteris pumila adopts both habits; on ridgetops it grows in any position on scattered trees, and in closed montane forest it is inaccessible in the crowns of canopy trees. The stunted forests, in which Lecanopteris species reach their greatest abundance, lack height and density as a result of nutrient impoverishment and periodic water stress. Whitmore (1984) emphasised the ecophysiological similarity between heath forest and upper montane forest; both formations have xerophytic and oligotrophic characteristics, acidic soils, and share certain disjunct species such as Baeckia frutescens (Myrtaceae). The vegetation types in which L. sinuosa and L. pumila are dominant are extreme forms of heath and upper montane forest: padang and ridgetop habitats. Neither habitat has a continuous tree cover, and both are oligotrophic. In heath forest, ridgetops and the fire-maintained savannahs of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, myrmecophytes are the dominant and practically the sole epiphytes. No ant-epiphytes are restricted to these habitats, but occur elsewhere at a lower density. An adaptive explanation for the dominance of myrmecophytes has been suggested by Janzen (1974); that myrmecophytes, by virtue of their ant association, utilise nutrients unavailable to other epiphytes. Ant feeding of host plants has been demonstrated in Myrmecodia sp. (Huxley 1978), Hydnophytum (Rickson 1976) and Lecanopteris (Gay, in press). However, the unique exploitation of a resource may be simplistic as a sole explanation for the dominance of ant-epiphytes in such habitats. The savannahs of New Guinea are fire-maintained rather than nutritionally impoverished, and the myrmeco-epiphytic community is as dominant there as in Bornean heath forests. Ant-epiphytes are not common in peat swamp forest, which is also an oligotrophic environment. Non-ant epiphytes can flourish in these habitats by colonising the abundant ant carton, as do Dischidia nummularia (Asclepiadaceae) and Bulbophyllum sp. (Orchidaceae). Whitmore (1984) noted that it is presently uncertain whether heath forest is stunted by a deficit of water or of nutrients. All myrmeco-epiphytes are capable of withstanding desiccation; most have sclerophyllous leaves or 1. a fronds, and their domatia are fleshy with coriaceous epidermes. Indeed, Yapp (1902) speculated at length whether the Lecanopteris rhizome arose as a water storage organ, later exploited by ants. In terms of water conservation, sclerophylly is an adaptation, but rhizome or tuber form may be an exaptation (Gould & Vrba 1982), a by-product of domatium elaboration. The ability to withstand periodic water shortage, especially as epiphytes, must be contributory to the abundance of myrmeco-epiphytes in these xeric habitats. Another feature common to all habitats where ant-epiphytes dominate the epiphyte flora is the open canopy allowing light to reach epiphytes growing anywhere on the trees, not only in the crowns. A requirement for light as the sole unifying factor in Lecanopteris ecology has been discussed above, and the highly insolated environment is another partial explanation for the density of ant-epiphytes, although not for the absence of other sun epiphytes. Thus the great abundance of ant-epiphytes in padang, ridgetop and savannah vegetation is due to an interaction of factors: nutrient shortage, which is only applicable in the first two habitats; periodic moisture stress, and high insolation, which are found in all three habitats. The ant association is partially but not solely responsible for their dominance in these habitats. Lecanopteris is represented in most other Malesian forest types (Table 2), but is rare or common, rather than dominant. Acknowledgements H.J.G.’s D. Phil. was funded by the Claridge Druce Bequest, Oxford University, and fieldwork in Malaysia, Borneo and Sulawesi by the Leverhulme Trust. The use of facilities at the University of Technology, Lae, Papua New Guinea and the Forest Research Institute, Malaysia is gratefully acknowledged. Dr Helen Fortune Hopkins, Mrs Lucy Rajoo and Dr Francis Ng were particularly helpful. Thanks also to Mr Robert Johns, Drs Wong Khoon Meng, Soedarsono Riswan, and Elisabeth Widjaya, and to Dr Barbara Parris for constructive and detailed criticism of the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the kindness of the keepers of the cited herbaria for putting their collections at their disposal. Mr Jim Croft provided much useful information on New Guinean species of Lecanopteris, and Ms. Jenni Marsh drew figures 2, 3 and 4. 328 References Browne F. G. (1952). Kerangas lands of Sarawak. Malay. For. 15, 61 - 73. Bruning E. F. (1974). Ecological studies in the Kerangas forests of Sarawak and Brunei. Borneo Literature Bureau, Kuching. Gay, H. J. (1990). The ant association and structural rhizome modifications of the far-eastern epiphytic fern genus Lecanopteris Reinw. (Polypodiaceae). Unpublished D. Phil. Thesis, University of Oxford. — (1991). Ant houses in the genus Lecanopteris Reinw. (Polypodiaceae): The rhizome morphology and architecture of L. sarcopus Teijsm. & Binnend. and L. darnaedii Hennipman. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 106 (3), 199-208. — (1993). Rhizome structure and evolution in the Malesian epiphytic ant-fern genus Lecanopteris Reinw. (Polypodiaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc., in press. — (in press). Animal-fed plants: An investigation into the uptake of ant-derived nutrients by the far-eastern epiphytic fern Lecanopteris (Polypodiaceae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. — & Hensen R. (1992). Ant specificity and behaviour in mutualism with epiphytes: The case of Lecanopteris (Polypodiaceae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 47, 261-284. Gould S. J. & Vrba E. (1982). Exaptation - a missing term in the science of form. Palaeobiol. 8, 4-15. Grime J. P. (1979). Plant strategies and vegetation processes. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Grubb P. J. (1977). The maintenance of species in plant communities: The importance of the regeneration niche. Biol. Rev. 52, 107-145. Hennipman E. (1986). Notes on the ant-ferns of Lecanopteris sensu lato in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with the description of two new species. Kew Bull. 41 (4), 783-789. —(unpub.). A monograph of the ant-fern genus Lecanopteris Reinw. (Polypodiaceae). — & Verduyn G. P. (1987). A taxonomic revision of the genus Lecanopteris (Polypodiaceae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea 32, 313 -319. 329 Hetterscheid W. L. A. & Hennipman E. (1984). Venation patterns, soral characteristics and shape of the fronds of the Microsorioid Polypodiaceae. Bot. Jarb. Sys. 105 (1), 11- 47. Holttum R. E. (1955). A revised flora of Malaya vol. II: Ferns of Malaya. Government Printing Office, Singapore. Huxley C. R. (1978). The ant-plants Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum (Rubiaccae), and the relationships between their morphology and occupants, physiology and ecology. New Phytol. 80 : 231-268. — & Jebb M. H. P. (1991). The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae I: A new subtribe - the Hydnophytinae. B/umea 36, 1- 20. Janzen D. H. (1974). Epiphytic myrmecophytes in Sarawak: Mutualism through the feeding of plants by ants. Biotropica 6 (4), 237-259. Jebb M. H. P. (1985). Taxonomy and tuber morphology of the rubiaceous ant - epiphytes. Unpublished D. Phil. Thesis, University of Oxford. Paaijmans K. (ed.) (1976). New Guinea vegetation. Australian National University Press, Canberra. Parris B. S. (1985). Ecological aspects of distribution and speciation in Old World tropical ferns. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. B, 86, 341-346. Paterson S. (1982). Observation on ant associations with rain forest ferns in Borneo. Fern Gaz. 12 (4), 243-245. Rickson, F. R. (1979). Absorption of animal tissue breakdown products into a plant stem: the feeding of a plant by ants. Am. J. Bot. 66, 87-90. Rintz R. E. (1980). The Peninsular Malayan species of Dischidia (Asclepiadaceae). Blumea 26, 81-126 Thomspon J. N. (1981). Reversed animal-plant interactions: The evolution of insectivorous and ant-fed plants. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 16, 147-155. Webb L. J., Tracey J. G. & Williams W. T. (1976). The value of structural features in tropical forest typology. Aust. J. Ecol. 1, 3-27. Weir J. S. & Kiew R. (1986). A reassessment of the relations in Malaysia between ants (Crematogaster) on trees (Leptospermum) and epiphytes of the genus Dischidia (Asclepiadaceae) including “ant-plants”. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 27, 13-132. 330 Whitmore T. C. (1984). Tropical rain forests of the Far East. Clarena 01 1 ' th Press, Oxford. : Wong K. M. (1984). An introduction to the vegetation of Gunong Jerai 7 (Kedah Peak). Unpub. — & Saw L. G. & Kochummen K. M. (1987). A survey of the forests of the Endau- | a Rompin area, Peninsular Malaysia: Principal forest types and floristic notes. Mal. Nat. J. 41, 125-144. Yapp R. H. (1902). Two Malayan myrmecophilous ferns, Polypodium (Lecanopteris) carnosum (Blume) and Polypodium sinuosum Wall. Ann. Bot. 16 (62), 185 - 231. Appendix 1: Field Sites Lake Kutubu, 6°30 ‘S, 143°10’E. Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea (LK). Binaturi River, between Kunini and Giringarede villages, 9°40’S, 143°E. Western Province, Papua New Guinea (BR). Kar Kar Island, 4°40’S, 146°E. Madang Province. Papua New Guinea (KK). Roguts village, 5°50’S, 144°20’E. Angelimp subdistrict. Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea (R). Mt. Mon, 9°40’S, 149°40’E. near Bonenau village, Agaun Mission and Mt. Dayman, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea (MM). Mt. Bosavi, 6°30’S, 142°55’E. Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea (MB). Woodlark Island, 9°10’S, 152°30’E. Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea (W). Varirata National Park, 9°10’S, 152°30’E. Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea (V). Gunong Bunga Buah, 3°35’N, 101°40’E. Genting Highlands, Selangor State, Peninsular Malaysia (GBB), literally “the mountain of flowers and fruits”. Gunong Beremban, 4°20’N, 101°40’E. Cameron Highlands, Pahang State, Peninsular Malaysia (GB). Gunong Jasar, 4°20’°N, 101°35’E. Cameron Highlands, Pahang State, Peninsular Malaysia (GJ). Maxwell’s Hill, 4°55’N, 100°55’E. Perak State, Peninsular Malaysia (MH). Fraser’s Hill, 3°45’N, 101°35’E. Selangor State, Peninsular Malaysia (FH). Cameron Highlands (CH). Pahang State, Peninsular Malaysia. Gunong Tahan, 4°40’N, 102°20’E. Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia (GT). Sungai Tahan, 4°40’N, 102°30’E. Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia (ST). Batu Ferringhi water catchment area, 5°20’N, 100°20’E. Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia (BF). 332 Gunong Jerai, 5°35’N, 100°30’E. Kedah State, Peninsular Malaysia (GJ). Kota Tinggi, 1°55’N, 103°55’E. Johore State, Peninsular Malaysia (KT). Gunong Panti, 1°55’N, 103°52’E. Johore State, Peninsular Malaysia (GP). Bako National Park, 1°40’N, 110°E. Sarawak, East Malaysia (BAK). Nabawan, 4°30’N, 116°20’E. near Keningau, Sabah, East Malaysia, Borneo (N). Mt. Kinabalu, 6°10’N, 116°40’E. Sabah, East Malaysia, Borneo (MK). Badas, 4°40’N, 114°40’E. Brunei, Borneo (BAD). Bukit Basang, 4°40’N, 114°43’E. Brunei, Borneo (BAS). Sopu Valley, 2°40’S, 121°10’E. Near Dongi Dongi logging camp, 80 km South-East of Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia (SV). Mt. Roroka Timbu, 1°10’S, 120°20’E. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia (MRT). Lake Matano, 1°30’S, 102°20’E. Near Soroako, South Sulawesi, Indonesia (LM). Mt. Wawonseru, 1°30’S, 102°10’E. Near Soroako, South Sulawesi, Indonesia (MW). L. sinuosa Appendix 2 : Hosts of Lecanopteris Host species Artocarpus sp. (Mor.) Pandanus sp. (Pand.) Sterculia sp. (Sterc.) Dracaena sp. (Agav.) Cyathea sp. (Cyath.) Schefflera sp. (Hed.) Ficus sp. (Mor.) Dysoxylon sp. (Mel) Nauclea orientalis (Rub) Timonius timon (Rub.) Planchonella sp. (Sapot.) Glochidion sp. (Euphorb.) Eucalyptopsis sp. (Myrtt.) Dillenia sp. (Dillen.) Xylocarpus sp. (Mel.) Banksia dentata (Prot.) Planchonia sp. (Lecythid.) Antidesma sp. (Euphorb.) Theobroma cacao (Sterc.) Plumeria sp. (Apocyn.) Cocos nucifera (Palm.) Toona sp. (Mel) Casuarina sp. (Cas.) Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorb.) Dracaena sp. (Agav.) Leptospermum flavescens (Myrt.) Hopea polyalthioides (Dipt.) Theaceae indet. Artocarpus sp. (Mor.) Eugenia syzygioides (Myrt.) Parinari sp. (Chrysobal.) Frequency 18 i — Oommen Oe NY CO KF KB UAW fh Hh KK KK BD N oe) On ek ee KS HN KK NY VD — HP WNW 334 Site Host species Frequency BAD Agathis borneensis (Arauc.) 1 BAS Casuarina nobilis (Cas.) 3 BAS Gertnera sp. (Rub.) 3 BAS Timonius flavescens (Rub.) 8 BAS Tristania obovata (Myrt.) 3 NAB Vaccinium sp. (Eric.) 1 | BAK Ixonanthes becarrii (1xon.) 9 . BAK Casuarina sp. (Cas.) 8 BAK Parastemon spicatum (Chrysobal.) 9 BAK Dacrydium becarrii (Podoc.) 5 BAK Cratoxylum sp. (Guttif.) 1 BAK Baeckia frutescens (Myrt.) 12 BAK Calophyllum austrocoriaceum (Guttif.) 3 BAK Eugenia multibracteosa (Mytt.) 7 BAK Ploiarium alternifolium (Theac.) 6 BAK Mangrove indet. 8 L. pumila GB Symingtonia populnea (Ham.) 3 GB Garcinia rostrata (Guttif.) 5 U Lithocarpus rassa (Fag.) 26 GB Knema sp. (Myrist.) 2 GB Ardisia sp. (Myrsin.) 6 GB Eugenia attenuata (Myrt.) + GB Quercus lineata (Fag.) 2 GB Lithocarpus sp. (Fag.) ] GB Prunus sp. (Ros.) l GB Cinnamonum scortechnii (Laur.) 2 GB Rhodoleia championii (Ham.) 4 MH Adinandra sp. (Theac.) l MH Weinmannia blumei (Cunon.) 36 MH Vaccinium sp. (Eric.) ] MH Ficus chartacea (Motr.) . GBB Vaccinium bancanum (Eric.) 14 Site Host species FH Ficus sp. (Mor.) GT Rhododendron wrayii (Eric.) GT Vaccinium sp. (Eric.) K Lithocarpus sp. (Fag.) U Dead L. mirabilis MM Engelhardia rigida (Jug.) MM Rubiaceae indet. MM Moraceae indet. MM Galbulimina belgaveana (Himant.) MM Planchonella sp. (Sapot.) MM Nothofagus grandis (Fag.) U Elaeocarpus culminicola (Elaeoc.) MM Linociera sp. (Oleac.) MM Syzgium sp. (Myrt) U Castanopsis acuminatissima (Fag.) MM Weinmannia ledermanni (Cunon.) R Saurauia sp. (Actinid.) R Leguminosae indet. R Adenanthera sp. (Leg.) R Schefflera sp. (Hed.) R Ardisia sp. (Myrsin.) R Garcinia sp. (Guttif.) U Dead U Indet. L. crustacea BAD Shorea albida (Dipt.) KT Dipterocarpaceae indet. Frequency ‘n OO NO NO CO ——_—_ —_= b NINA NO —& NY — W WN 335 \ ay he, bh TL 2 "2; ar md SE . its = a 7 - . = ae a eo) Str zonepbdttt me ke Psathyrella (Agaricales) with Ornamented Spores in the Malay Peninsula. E.J.H. CoRNER 91 Hinton Way, Great Shelford, Cambridge CB2 5AH, England EFFECTIVE PUBLICATION DATE : 31 MARCH 1994 Abstract Five species are described as new and illustrated. Two have a thin exospore and two have not. The fifth species, P. flavidifolia, is apparently rare and needs fuller investigation. Sporograph-analysis reveals the smooth spore, general in Psathyrella, as an endospore. Introduction In describing Psathyrella nigeriensis from Africa, Pegler and Young (1992) have reviewed the position in the genus of the few known species with verrucose or rugulose spores. I, now, add five, four of which are common in Malayan forest. The fifth, P. flavidifolia, is imperfectly known from one collection and is included in order that it may be rediscovered. The robust stature of several, especially P. splendens, suggests that they should be placed in Lacrymaria Pat. but they do not have the chief qualification of the spores of that genus nor the inaequihymenium which gives a mottling to the gill- surface. The spores of Lacrymaria are black or very dark in the mass (Pegler and Young 1971 and 1992, Smith 1972, Singer 1975, Watling 1979). Those of the Malayan species are fuscous purple or vinaceous brown. Then the spores of Lacrymaria have an apical germ-pore which is figured by Pegler and Young (1971) as ahole, though itis probably the thin apical wall without the ornamentation as in the Malayan species. Pegler and Young (1992) give, also, aggregated pleurocystidia and capitate cheilocysytidia for Lacrymaria. P. verrucispore, here described, has scattered pleurocystidia and the cheilocystidia of P. malayana may be more or less capitate. Perhaps the most remarkable point is the thick veil of P. splendens which forms such a conspicuous annulus on the stem as to suggest Stropharia. It adds a new feature to Psathyrella, the concept of which has been based on temperate species. The occurrence of ornamented spores in a genus regarded as smooth-spored is part of a wide problem among homobasidiomycetes. In my work on Amauroderma- Ganoderma (Corner 1983) and the Boletus-spore (Corner 1972) I gave reasons for regarding the bitunicate spore as the more primitive state leading to the common and advanced unitunicate and smooth spore; even the amyloid reaction may be a manifestation (Corner 1989). Thus the ornamented spore turns up in various genera such as Coprinus (Pegler and Young 1992). 338 The illustrations of spores, given in this article, are enlargements from camera lucida drawings in order to show as clearly as possible what seems to be their manner of ornamentation. Key to Malayan Psathyrella with Ornamented Spores On macroscopic characters 1. Pileus 5-15 cm wide, fulvous bay, subtomentose then appressedly scaly.Stem 7-18 cm x 5-18 mm, base bulbous fusiform. Ring pronounced at first, thick, Woolly, White ..............ccccceecceseeeseeesseeeseeeeees P. splendens 1. Pileus not scaly. Ring indistinct or none. 2. Gills pale egg-yellow then vinaceous drab, subdecurrent, crowded, 2-3 mm wide. Pileus - 10 cm wide, pale ochraceous tan with brown disc. Stem 6.5-14 mm wide. Ring as a floccose zone. sar dainsew sisaeieialencnalic oesincelous igs: ssmmnuia amputee Cae ert Mca Re do ae P. flavidifolia 2. Gills white then dark brown to purplish fuscous. 3. Gills adnate, not or scarcely crowded, 21-30 primaries 5-9 wide. Smell strong of radish and isis | a nee wee, ee bk yee eM em es P. verrucispora 3. Gills adnexed, crowded, 40-60 (-80) primaries 2-5 mm wide. Smell faint of mushroom, or none. 4. Pileus ochraceous with ferruginows DSC o2...0025 cece dsckels nvtsaccnsteniotaedtame ap hevaee eee P. retispora 4. Pileus umber with date-Re wa Wage <6: dies eeie-sinces1etne ecards erica P. malayana On microscopic characters 1. Pileus hymenioderm with a palisade of clavate cells. Pleurocystidia none. Spores with a smooth adaxial patch, without a hyaline exospore. 2. Spores 9-10.5 x 5-6 um (overall), reticulately marked with wide adaxial patch. Cheilocystidia mostly CLAVALES 0.....0ccctessonedtbeskedschvesasuserly chaduncagatenbains aptost redeginad yy athe iD Sais de ODP ssn P. retispora 2. Spores 7-9 x 6-6.5 um (overall), with short irregular flanges and small or no adaxial patch. Cheilocystidia Variable, Often VEMISICOBE «005 s;u00cs4 ase- «a> basen she ¥eleveneneasDnasalibed ad tuckataas Pauline halted; (ante enn P. malayana 1. Pileus not hymenioderm, the surface pseudoparenchymatous (? P. flavidifolia). Spores with hyaline exospore covering the warts, without adaxial patch. 3. Pleurocystidia present. Spores 9.5-12 XK 6.5-B (0M ss .scsecorscnssevskecsusndv enters P. verrucispora 3. Pleurocystidia absent (? P. flavidifolia). 4. Spores 6.5-7.5 X 5-6 UMM vo. cscissnsies «nsveedssntesnddensvies {p> lnahyains dh euegaiieh: cae P. splendens 4. Spores 10-12 x 6-7 pad eisecsesnesenceescecesonsnesnsescsinttepesers iieshaiesanaiamtaratan tenn P. flavidifolia 339 1. Psathyrella flavidifolia sp. 7. Pileus 5-10.5cm latus, convexus dein planus, centro aliquando depresso, glaber rugulosus subhygrophanus subochraceus, disco cinnamomeo-brunneo; margine veli pannis paucis ornato. Stipes 6-11.5 cm x 6.5-14 mm apicem versus, 5-8 mm basim saepe attenuatum versus, sed apice basique plus minus dilatato, fistulosus, pallide brunneolus, zona floccosa deformi alba 15-20 mm sub apice, deorsum furfuraceus, sine annulo. Lamellae subdecurrentes confertissimae angustae, 70-90 primariae 2-3 mm latae, ordinibus 4-6, pallide vitellinae dein sordide vinaceae. Caro 3-6 mm crassa in pilei centro, firma subhygrophana brunneolo-albida. Sporae 10-12 x 6-7 um, in cumulo vinacei- cinnamomeae, verruculosae amygdaliformes. Ad terram in silva montana. Malaya, Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, Corner s.n. 25 Nov 1930; typus, herb. Corner. Pileus 5-10.5 cm wide, convex to campanulate then plane, disc sometimes depressed, subhygrophanous, glabrous, irregularly and shallowly rugulose to the smooth disc, pallid ochraceous tan with the disc rather cinnamon brown; margin strongly incurved at first, minutely subvillous, with a few evanescent cottony patches as the remains of the veil. Stem 6-11.6 cm x 6.5-14 mm above, 5-8mm below, cylindric or attenuate downwards, apex and base more or less dilated, stout, hollow, pallid tan with a narrow ill-defined whitish floccose zone 15-20 mm below the stem- apex as the remains of the ring, no ring, subpruinose above the zone, coarsely scurfy fibrous below, base with short white mycelial strands. Gills subdecurrent, very crowded, narrow, thin, 79-90 primaries 2-3 mm wide, 4-6 ranks, pale egg-yellow then vinaceous drab or subfuscous, edge entire. Flesh 3-6 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, 1-2 mm halfway to the margin, subhygrophanous, firm, pallid tan-white. On the ground in montane forest. Malaya, Pahang, Fraser’s Hill 1,200 m alt. November 1930. Spores 10-12 x 6-7 tum, vinaceous cinnamon in the mass, dark brown s.m., verruculose appearing punctate-rough, amygdaliform. I describe this fungus, even though my notes on microscopic details are so imperfect, because it indicates an ally of P. splendens. It may be rare because I found it but once and, then, it puzzled me and became Hebeloma in my notes. Possibly P. rugocephala (Atk.) A. H. Smith (1972) may be related but the Malayan fungus differs in the yellow gills and and paler spores. 2. Psathyrella malayana sp. n Figure 1, Plate | Pileus 1-9 latus, centro ruguloso, saepeumbonatus, glaber striatus, primo badiobrunneus dein pallidior rufus, ultimo umbrinus centro brunneo. Stipes 4-13.5 cm x 2.5-8 mm ad apicem, 5-11 mm as basim albivillosum, fistulosus fragilis, saepe obtortus, pruinsovillosus, albus dein brunneolus. Velum album tenusissimum evanescens. Lamellae adnexae, saepe dente subdecurrentes, ultimo liberae, confertissimae angustae, 40-80 primariae 1.5-5mm latae, ordinibus 4-6, pallide albae dein umbrino-chocolatae vel obscure brunneae, acie alba serrulata. Caro in pilei centro 1-3.5 mm crassa, hygrophana fragilis. Odor fungosus levis. Sporae 7-9 x 6-6.5,.m, in cumulo obscure purpureibrunneae, ellipsoideae, verrucis purpureibrunneis saepe elongatis irregularibus ornatae, apicibus levibus. Cheilocystidia 20-65 x 8-16 1m, clavata vel ventricosa, etiam apice subcapitato 6-9 1m lato, ut lamellae acie sterili. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia -70 x 4-7um, cylindrica subclavata flexuosa. Superficies pilei cellulis clavatis 30-80 x 12-25 um hymeniodermis. Ad terram vel lignum in silva, etiam in locis graminosis. Peninsula Malayana. Typus, Corner s.n. 23 Oct. 1934, Singapore. 340 Pileus 1-9 cm wide, conico-convex then plane or repand with more or less sinuous margin, often umbonate, hygrophanous, striate, smooth but with rugulose centre or occasionally entirely and strongly rugulose, at first deep bay-brown then paler and rufous, becoming watery livid umber with date-brown disc, drying pale rufous tan or pinkish tan with fulvous ochraceous to subferruginous disc and minutely atomate; margin incurved at first. Stem 4-13.5 cm x 2.5-8 mm at the apex, 5-8 mm at the white villous base, attenuate upwards, stout but very brittle, often twisted, hollow, innately brownish fibrillose, wholly minutely pruinose villous, pallid white to pale tan. Veil white, very thin, evanescent. Gills adnexed, often decurrent with a tooth, separating free, very crowded, rather narrow, 40-80 primaries 1.5-5 mm wide, 4-6 ranks, at first drab white or clay-white then chocolate umber or fuscous date-brown, sometimes persistently pale brownish umber or pale brownish white for along time, edge white and serrulate. Flesh 1-3.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, 0.7-1.5 mm halfway to the margin, thin, hygrophanous, brittle, concolorous, drying pallid white but brownish beneath the surface of the pileus. Sme// like mushrooms (Agaricus) or gravy, not strong. On the ground (? from roots), on wood and on lawns. Malay Peninsula, rather common. Spores 7-9 x 6-6.5 um, dark purple brown in the mass, opaque purple brown under the microscope, ellipsoid, verrucose from irregular and often flange-like purple brown thickenings of the spore-wall, the ends of the spore smooth, adaxial patch small or none. Basidia dimorphic, long basidiac. 33 x 11.7 um, short basidia c. 25 x 11.4 um, clavate- stipitate; sterigmata 4, 3um long. Cheilocystidia 20-65 x 8-16 um, very variable in shape, cylindric and often flexuous, clavate to more or less ventricose and then often with subcapitate apex 6-9 lum wide, with transitions to sterile basidia, thin-walled, colourless, smooth, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia -70 x 4- 7 um, cylindric to subclavate, flexuous, thin-walled, smooth, colourless. Pileus covered with a palisade of thin-walled, smooth, clavate cells 30-80 x 12-25 [1m, the subterminal 1-2 cells also more or less inflated. Hyphae of the pileus 8-25 {1m wide, the hypodermal hyphae with thin, pale brown, subannular, placque-like incrustation. Hyphae of the stem 8-25 um wide, 3-6 Um at the surface. Note. This common Malayan fungus develops fruit-bodies at all times of the year after heavy rain-storms. I had always assumed it to be P. trechispora Petch but, on studying the recent accounts of that fungus by Pegler (1986) and by Pegler and Young (1992), Ihave decided to describe it as a new species rather than as a variety. The main distinction lies in the spores which, in P. malayana, do not have the wrinkled exospore (myxospore) of P. trechispora; the warts of P. malayana are thickenings of the endospore and coloured in the same way. Then, the cheilocystidia and clavate cells of the pileus are much larger in P. malayana, and the cheilocystidia are much more variable in form. The colour of the pileus in P. trechispora is like that of P. retispora (here described). Certainly the fruit-bodies of the three species are very similar and 341 microscopic study is needed to distinguish them. In October 1930 I watched the development of some 20 fruit-bodies in the Singapore Gardens Jungle. The pileus began to open in the morning and was not fully expanded (5-7 cm wide) until next morning. They remained like this for 2/, - 3 days before collapsing. 3. Psathyrella retispora sp. n. Figure 1, Plate 2 Pileus 2-8 cm latus, conico-convexus dein planus, umbonatus ruguloso-reticulatus, badiobrunneus vel badio-subferrugineus, dein ochraceus disco ferrugineo-brunneo; margine glabro. Stipes 3-9 cm x 4-8 mm, cylindricus fistulosus fragilis, vix fibrillosus, albus. Lamellae adnexae confertae angustae, 42-55 primariae 2.5-4.5 mm latae, ordinibus 4-5, albae dein pallide brunneo-ochraceae, ultimo fuscibrunneae. Sporae 9-10.5 x 5-6 Lim, in cumulo fusci-chocolatae, amygdaliformes reticulatae, apice laevi protruso, macula adaxiali bene distincta. Cheilocystidia 40-58 x10-18 um, plerumque clavata. Pleurocystidia nulla. Superficies pilei cellulis clavatis instructa. Ad terram solitaria, gregaria vel subcaespitosa. Peninsula Malayana. Typus, Corner s.n. 13 April. 1941, Johore (alc.form.). Pileus 2-8 cm wide, conico-convex then plane or concave, umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth or more or less reticulate towards the disc, not striate or slightly near the margin, bay brown or dark rich ferruginous bay becoming paler on expansion and ochraceous with ferruginous brown centre, livid towards the margin; margin incurved at first, entire, glabrous. Stem 3-9 cm x 4-8 mm, cylindric, stout, fibrous, easily snapping, hollow, white. Veil fibrillose, very thin, white, evanescent. Gills adnexed, not ventricose, crowded, narrow, 42-55 primaries 2.5-4.5 mm wide, 4-5 ranks, white then pale brownish ochraceous, finally date-brown fuscous, paler to the whitish edge. Flesh rather thick, firm in the pileus, brittle in the stem, white. On bare ground in forest or plantations, solitary, gregarious or several fruit-bodies connate at the base. Malay Peninsula. Spores 9-10.5 x5-6 tum (overall), fuscous chocolate in the mass, amygdaliform, irregularly reticulate with superficial coloured meshes 0.2-0.5 um high, with smooth adaxial patch and smooth subacute end. Basidia dimorphic; long basidia 36-43 x 11.3-12.3 um, short basidia 29-35 x 10.3-11.9 um; 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 40-58 x 10-18 um, mostly clavate, obtuse to almost subtruncate, occasionally subvent ricose, thin-walled, smooth, colourless, contents fairly dense, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none. Surface of pileus with a palisade of clavate hyphal ends. Collections — Singapore, Gardens Jungle, Corner s.n. 1 March 1944; Johore, Sungei Pendas Rubber Estate, Corner s.n. 13 April 1941. Note. Macroscopically this is almost indistinguishable from P. malayana and is surely overlooked in consequence but the stem is usually attenuate upwards in P. malayana. 4. Psathyrella splendens sp. n. Figure 1, Plate 3 Pileus 5-15 cm latus, convexus dein fere planus, siccus, primo badiofulvus, minute subtomentosus, dein 342 Figure 1. Spores of Psathyrella retispora (a), P. splendens (b) and P.. malayana (c); x5000. Figure 2. Spore of Psathyrella verrucispora; x5000. 343 pallide ochraceifulvus, appresse squamulosus, veli pannis fuscis vel pallidis sparsis in zonis concentricis obtectus, disco castaneo-umbrino subtomentoso. Stipes 7-18 cm x 5-18 mm ad apicem, 6-25 mm ad basim fusiformi-bulbosum, firmus, solidus vel in aetate fistulosus, albus dein subochraceus vel brunneolus, sub annulum veli pannis subfuscis peronatus, superne albipruinosus. Annulus crassus lanneus albus, 5-12 mm sub stipitis apice. Lamellae breviter decurrentes, raro sinuatoadnatae, confertae, 70-100 primariae 3.5-8 mm latae, ordinibus 4(-5), albae dein subincarnatae, ultimo vinacei-brunneae, acie lacrymanti. Caro 5-11 mm crassa in pilei centro, firma alba. Odor fragrans, haud fortis. Sporae 6.5-8 x5-7 um, in cumulo alte vinaceibrummeae, ovoideae verruculosae, verrucis 0.2-0.3 im altis in exosporio inclusis, sine macula adaxiali. Cheilocystidia 35-70 x 7-14 im, clavata, ut lamellae acie sterili. Pleurocystidia nulla. Superficies pilei pseudoparenchymatica. Ad terram in silva solitaria vel gregaria. Peninsula Malayana, Borneo. Typus, Corner s.n. 9 Mar 1930, Singapore. Pileus 5-15 cm wide, convex then nearly plane, dry, at first deep fulvous bay or auburn and wholly minutely appressedly subtomentose, becoming paler ochraceous fulvous with the surface breaking up into small appressed scales with large thin fuscous or pallid patches of the veil scattered in concentric zones towards the margin, the disc persistently chestnut umber and subtomentose, no separable pellicle; margin strongly incurved at first. Stem 7-18 cm x 5-18 mm at the apex, 6-25 mm at the usually bulbous fusiform base, white discolouring pale ochraceous or brownish, appressedly peronate with subfuscous fragments of the veil up to the ring, white pruinose scurfy above the ring, stout, firm, fibrillose, solid then hollowing in age. Ring well-marked, white then fuscous purplish or vinaceous from the spores, thick and woolly at first but soon collapsing and membranous, placed 5-12 mm below the stem-apex. Gil/s shortly decurrent, rarely sinuato-adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, c. 70-100 primaries 3.5-8 mm wide, 4(-5) ranks, white then pinkish, finally vinaceous brown; edge white, sinuate, serrulate, exuding liquid drops (as the stem-spex) when young and fresh. Flesh 5-11 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, 1-4 mm halfway to the margin, firm, rather thick, white. Smel// faint, somewhat of almond and caramel, pleasant. On the ground in forest, singly or in troops, less often subcaespitose, shortly rooting. Malay Peninsula, Borneo, frequent. Spores 6.5-8 x 5-7 um, commonly 7.5-6.7 x 6.3 um, deep vinaceous brown orrusset vinaceous in the mass (not purplish), fuscous purplish under the microscope, broadly ellipsoid, subacute, punctate verruculose, wholly surrounded with a hyaline, not gelatinous, exospore c. 0.5 um thick enclosing the warts 0.2-0.3 um high, without adaxial patch. Basidia dimorphic; long basidia 35-43 x 7.3-9 tum, short basidia 28-34 x 7-9 um; sterigmata 4, 3 um long; paraphyses none. Cheilocystidia 35-70 x 7-14 um above, 3-4 um at the base, clavate with flexuous stalk, thin-walled, smooth, with cloudy vacuolate contents, colourless, as asterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidianone. Caulocystidia clustered on the stem-apex above the ring, as the cheilocystidia but shorter and ofter cylindric. Hyphae of the pileus colourless, thin-walled, interwoven-radiating with abundant air-spaces, the cells 50-150x 5-20 um, forming acompact pseudoparenchyma at the surface with short irregular cells 5-20 um wide, this layer 150-180 tm thick over the centre of the pileus and thinning off in the peripheral part of the limb to radial and slightly compacted hyphae with short cells 20-50 x 10-20 um; outer hyphae of the 344 pseudoparenchyma rather narrow with brownish walls giving off the loosely entangled brown-walled hyphae of the veil 3-8 [um wide; flesh over the gills with cells 20-50 x 10- 30 um, compacted into a turgid pseudoparenchyma. Hyphae of the stem longitudinal, compact, 8-25 im wide with long cells, 3-6 um wide at the surface and mostly collapsed with yellowish walls. Gill-trama with descending hyphae 3-12 um wide, long-celled, 3-4 um wide and interwoven in the subhymenium, 12-20 um wide with short cells in the intermediate layer c. hyphae thick. All septa with clamps. Collections - Singapore Gardens’ Jungle Sing. F’. N. 5946; Corner s.n. Sept. 1929, Sept. 1930; Bukit Timah, Corner s.n. Sept. Oct. 1929, 1930; Reservoir Jungle, Corner s.n. 9 Feb. 1930.- Johore, Gunong Panti, Corner s.n. March 1930.- Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, RSNB 8152. Note. Among the paintings of Ridley’s collections of fungi from Singapore n. 29, 20 Sept. 1907, is undoubtely P. splendens but the species seems not to have been taken up by Massee. On this painting Chipp has written ‘= 5946’ which is Sing. F.N. 5946 collected by F. Flippance. Then Chipp (1921) placed this number under Stropharia umbonata Mass., typified by Ridley n.36J, which is a different species from P. splendens and with smooth spores may belong in Stropharia. The third collection cited by Chipp, namely Flippance 6178, seems also to be S$. umbonata. Development of the fruit-body. In October 1930, I watched the development of 8 fruit- bodies in the Singapore Gardens Jungle. The pileus expanded and ruptured the veil during the night. On the previous day the fruit-bodies were 7-11 cm high with unopened pilei 3.5-5.3 cm wide. On the following night the pilei expanded to full size, 4.5-11.5 cm wide, and lasted for a further 3-4 days. My observations began on 2 October and the fruit-bodies had evidently developed after the heavy rain which began on 24 September. The unexpanded fruit-bodies could not have been more then 7 days old. Hence the life of the fruit-body appears to be 13-14 days with nocturnal rupture of the veil on the 8th night. 5. Psathyrella verrucispora sp. n. Figure 2, Plates 4 and 5 Pileus 1.5-8 cm latus, campanulatus dein convexo-planus, centro subdepresso, glaber hygrophanus rivuloso-rugosus, primo badiirufus dein umbrinobruneus; margin primo fibrilloso rachnoideo. Stipes 2.5- 11 cm x 1.5-6 mm ad apicem, 2-10 mm ad basim, albivillosus fragilis, albidus dein fuscibrunneus, deorsum ad medium fibrilloso-subzonatus. Velum arachnoideum evanescens. Lamellae adnatae vel sinuato-adnatae, vix confertae, latae, 21-30 primariae 5-9 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4, albidae dein pallide purpureofuscae vel vinaceo-cinnamomeae, acie serrulata albida. Caro 1-1.5 mm crassa in pilei centro, hygrophana. Odor raphanaceus vel ut foenum-graecum. Sporae 9.5-12 x 6.5-8.m, in cumulo fuscipurpureae, amygdaliformes verruculosae, apice hyalino laevi, sine macula adaxiali. Cheilocystidia 20-35 x 8-14 Um, clavata vel ventricosa cum apice subacuto elongato. Pleurocystidia 38-78 x 13-17um, ventricosa, tenuiter tunicata, laevia, etiam apice elongato. Superficies pilei cellulis irregulariter clavatis 30-70 x 20-60 um, tunicis ochraceibrunneis laevibus, plus minus hymeniodermia. In humo in silva, gregaria vel subcaespitosa. Peninsula Malayana. Typus, Corner s.n. Aug. 1929, Johore. Pileus 1.5-8 cm wide, campanulate then convexo-plane, centre slightly depressed, 345 rivulose-rugose from the disc almost to the margin, at first bay-brown rufous then date- brown umber, drying rufous fawn to pale fawn tan with bay-brown umber, drying rufous fawn to pale fawn tan with bay-brown and minutely cracked disc; margin incurved at first and arachnoid with silky white fibrils (remains of veil). Stem 2.5-11 cm x 1.5-6 mm at the apex, 2-10 mm at the white villous bases, attenuate upwards, brittle, stuffed then hollow, fibrillose and often with faint zones in the lower two thirds, whitish to dingy brownish ageing fuscous. Vei/ cortinate, at first rather thick, evanescent, not forming a ring. Gills sinuate-adnate to broadly adnate, not or scarcely crowded, broad, thin, 21-30 primaries 5-9 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, pallid white then pale purplish fuscous or pale vinaceous cinnamon, edge whitish and serrulate. Flesh 1-1.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, less than 0.5 mm over the limb, hygrophanous, drying whitish and rather spongy, pale dingy yellowish fawn in the stem. Smell rather strong and peculiar, of radish and fenugreek. In forest humus, gregarious or subcaespitose. Malay Peninsula. Spores 9.5-12 x 6.5-8 Um (overall), fuscous purple in the mass, amygdaliform, verrucose with conico-truncate coloured warts within the thin mucilaginous exospore 0.2-0.3 um thick, without adaxial patch. Basidia dimorphic; long basidia 32-38 x 9-10 um, short basidia 23-29 x 7-9 um; sterigmata 4, 4 um long. Paraphyses none. Cheilocystidia 20-35 x 8-14 um, clavate or ovoid, or ventricose and prolonged -60 um with subacute apex 3-4 um wide, thin-walled, colourless, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia 38-78 x 13-17 um, ventricose, thin-walled, colourless, smooth, some lanceolate with prolonged narrow apex 50-100 x 9-12 um with apex 1-2.5 um wide. Hyphae of pileus 3-15 um wide, loosely interwoven but short-celled -35 um wide and pseudopamenchymatous in the subhymenium. Hyphae of the stem 10-20 um wide, 3- 5 um at the surface, longitudinal, without distinct caulocystidia. Surface of pileus with a palisade of irregularly clavate cells 30-70 x 20-60 um with smooth yellowish brown walls, very compact and almost pseudoparenchymatous as if cemented together. Collections - Singapore, Gardens Jungle, Corner s.n. July and September 1929, 10 Sept. 1940, 28 March 1943; Reservoir Jungle, Corner s.n. Oct. 1929; Mandai Road, Corner s.n. Aug. 1929. var. minima vy. nov. Differt receptaculis minimis, pileo 4-8 mm lato, stipite 15-20 x 1 mm, lamellis primariis 15-20, -2.5 mm latis, ordinibus 2-3. Ad terram, solitaria, Singapore. Typus, Corner s.n. 3 Sept. 1934. Pileus smooth, persistently convex, pale fawn tan, disc subrufous, whitish towards the margin. Cheilocystidia 15-40 x 8-17 um, mostly clavate or subcylindric, some ventricose-lanceolate. Pleurocystidia 40-80 x 12-20 Um, ventricose-lanceolate with prolonged subacute to obtuse process, thin-walled smooth, colourless. Note. Superficially this species is so like P. malayana and P. retispora that one must 346 look at the wide gills and test the smell. Microscopically the spores and pleurocystidia are distinctive. At one time I thought this species might be Hypholoma elatum Mass. (Kew Bull. 1908, 5), described from Singapore with Ridley n. 83E as the type. The painting of this collection shows a strongly and acutely umbonate pileus with extensively and closely cutifract squamulose limb and dark fuliginous grey to blackish gills. Though the gills are broad, the painting cannot represent the fungus which I describe; it does not fit any fungus know to me. Var. minima, with typical spores of V. verrucispora, shows the diminution of fruit-body which occurs in some agarics, perhaps related to the circumstances of mycelial growth. The Basidium-unnit in Psathyrella with Ornamented Spores This investigation was undertaken in 1944 at the Singapore Botanic Gardens when Kwan Koriba was the director. It was one of the many ways by which we passed the time during the anxious years of the Occupation. The results confirm the general theory of basidium-geometry (Corner 1972, Wasser and Berger 1980, 1983). There are some discrepancies but it must be remembered that any close agreement between observed and theoretical results is remarkable because there 1s no explanation why this should be except that of the geometry of the unit based on spore-spacing, the sporograph, the basidiograph and the ampoule effect. These matters are eschewed by textbooks. The main points for the four Malayan species which I studied in detail are the following. The basidia are dimorphic. The difference in length between long and short basidia is, roughly, that of spore-length. Thus, taking the averages that I obtained (not the mean values):— Difference in a basidium length | >Pore length i debe ai ee [rime fe 347 Concerning differences in the width (w) of long and short basidia, I am doubtful if such as I found have any significance. Thus :- long basidia short basidia (lum) (um) ee P. splendens The point is that the values for this comparison cannot be made on the same undisturbed fruit-body. The long basidia mostly shed their spores and begin to collapse before the short basidia are fully grown, and there are commonly slight differences in the size of the basidia and the spores in different fruit-bodies of the same species. The best way of measuring basidium-width is by means of the mature basidium-circles as seen in apical view of the basidia. Lateral compression may render the basidium-circle into an ellipse with long and short diameters which cannot de detected in lengthwise view, though the mean of the two diameters gives generally much the same result. In P. splendens and P. verrucispora, both with thin exospore and without adaxial patch, there is no compression of the spore-circles. The ratio of spore-width (d) to basidium-width (w) is, respectively, d=0.63w and d=0.70w; that of the typical uncompressed basidium-unit is d=0.65w. By contrast, in P. malayana and P. retispore, both without exospore but with an adaxial patch, there is compression as shown by their ratios, respectively, d=0.55w and d=0.51w. I take this to imply, as with the Boletus-spore, that compression leads to loss or complete mucification of the exospore. The compression in this case would arise from interference of crowded basidium-units, not from incurvature of the hymenium as in Boletus. As proof, the spores are distinctly dilated tangentially in P. retispora with radial diameter 5.60um and tangential 6.25 um on average. I did not observe spore- compression in P. malayana and P. verrucispora but it occurs P. splendens with diameters 5.09 um and 5.74 um respectively. In P. verrucispora it seems that the short basidia produce narrower spores (? more compressed) than the long basidia. 348 In the following notes the intention has been to test the geometrical theory of the basidium-unit by comparison of actual measures with theoretical prediction. I have used the same symbols as in my account of the Boletus-spore. Thus :- D is spore-length, d is spore-width with dr and dt for radial and tangential diameters, w is basidium-width. S’, S’’ and S’’’ are the diameters of the outer, the middle and the inner spore-circles. M is the diameter of the sterigmatic circle. 8 is the angle made by the long axis of the spore with that of the sterigma. All the measures are in microns. Table 1. Psathyrellya malayana Observations in microns 1.0 21 ~=short basidia 25.18 average 22. spore-circles average exosp. 22. spore-circles average endosp. 20 __ sterigmatic circles, av. Taking = = 35’ , then for the exospore w=8.08 Um; for the endospore w=9.16 Um Both these figures are too low for the observed averages of 11.01 um to 11.76 um. Taking M = S’”’ - 0.7d, then for the exospore M=7.07 tum; for the endospore M=7.84 um. While M for the endospore agrees moderately well with the observed value 8.25 1m, that for the exospore is too low. For the exospore d=0.55w, for the endospore d=0.42w. These ratios indicate considerable compression of the spore-circles. 349 Table 2. Psathyrella retispora. Observations in microns aa Spore-print 975 | 5.50 mean ; Teme | |e 20 spore-circles 5.72 average N oa 10 spore-circles 10.46 average 11 sterigmatic circles, av. 10 basidia average wae 5 long basidia average 5 short basidia average 4 — — Nn —" oo =) oS) Long basidia average 38.44um long, short basidia 31.4444m Taking the same equations as for P. malayana, then w=8.16 um, which is clearly too small compared with the observed average values 10.46-11.62 um. Then with S’’=11.11 um and d=5.72 tm, M=7.1 14m which is also small compared with the observed average 8.03 Um. Taking d=5.72 um and w=11.2 um (as the average of 5 values), then d=0.51w, which shows considerable compression of the spore-circles as well as the spore. If the usual relation for uncompressed values is taken then d=7.28um, which is clearly too high. If this value is taken for d, then S’’’ should be about 7.5 um to satisfy w=11.3um, and this shows the compression of the spore-circles. 350 Table 3. Psathyrella splendens. Observations in microns RL 123) GAG Spore-print mean 700! 5.50 12 long basidia 19 short basidia average 22 sterigmatic dt is 5.74 um on average. Taking the same equations as for P. malayana, then w=9.03 Um and M=7.79 um. These values are slightly higher than observed. If M=7.41 tm, as observed, then d=5.86 um, which is again but slightly higher than observed. S"-M sin 45° and d is 5.33 um. Alternatively with d=5.31 um, then 6 is 44° 28’. Taking the theoretical equation d = and with S”’ as 11.51 um and M as 7.41 [m, the spore-angle 8 is I conclude that all these results are close enough to confirm the general theory of basidium-geometry. 354 Table 4. Psathyrella verrucispora. Observations in microns w S' cae LE: RE oof en] | || 10 spore-circles average * 10.65] 4.20 16 sterigmatic circles, long basidia, average 12 sterigmatic circles, long basidia, average 28 sterigmatic circles, mixed average Sterigmatic circle direct measure average staid | ose foal | | | 13 basidia, apical view, average Long basidia, mean Short basidia, mean * including both long and short basidia. Taking the same equations as with P. malayana, then w=9.48 um for long basidia : average observed value 9.5 um. w=8.23 um for short basidia : average observed value 8.0 um. M=8.33 um for long basidia : average observed value 9.23 um. M=7.20 um for short basidia : average observed value 6.8 um. w=8.84 um as the observed average for both kinds of basidium. Taking the equation for 6 (as with P. splendens), then with 6 as 45°, d=7.13 Um for long basidia and 6.43 um for short basidia, and this compares favourably with the average value 6.77 tm for all the spore-measurements. These results from living basidia agree closely with the theoretical. The slight discrepancy with M may be the effect of incipient collapse of the basidium with incurvature of the sterigmata. 352 Sporograph of Psathyrella In comparing spores I find it desirable to present the issue graphically by means of the sporograph. The data for the species with ornamented spores have been taken from Tables 1-4. The resulting sporograph is shown in Figure 3. It does not include the two species described by Pegler and Young because they excluded the myxosporium (exospore) in their measurements. The resulting figure was so uncertsain that I decided to test it with a sporograph based on the European species with smooth spores described by Kits van Waveren (1985). I took the mean size of the overall spore-measures of the 96 species. The resulting sporograph is given with black circles in Figure 4. There is a remarkable scatter which shows, if vaguely, the usual tendency of the long spores to become relatively narrower. The scatter might become more orderly if this generic sporograph were itemised into the sectional categories used by Kits van Waveren. It is possible, also, that some species may have dimorphic basidia with slightly different spores, as I found in P. verrucispora. However, when the points for the species with ornamented spores are superimposed (as open circles) on this generic sporograph, it becomes clear that P. malayana, P. splendens and P. verrucispora have relatively wider spores on account of the presence of the exospore or ornamentation. Thus, the point for the endospore of P. malayana fits with the sporograph of the smooth spores. Then, if the points for P. nigeriensis and P. trechispora are added, they also fit with the smooth spores, being endospore measures. It is probable that my data for P. retispora were based on endospores. I take this generic sporograph as confirmation that the smooth spore, found generally in Psathyrella, is an endospore. 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 Figure 3. Sporograph for the Malayan species of Psathyrella with ornamented spores. P. malayana(m) _ with endospore at x, P. retispora (r), P. splendens (s) and P. verrucispora (Vv). 353 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Figure 4. Sporograph for the 96 species of Psathyrella with smooth spores, descibed by Kits van Waveren (1985) with species-points as black circles. Open circles for the species with ornamented spores as P. malayana (m), P. nigeriensis (n), P. retispora (r), P. splendens (s), P. trechispora (t) and P. verrucispora (v). Basidiograph As the sporograph illuminates the nature of spores in an alliance, so the basidiograph displays that of the basidia. The basidiograph for the Malayan species with ornamented spores is shown in Figure 5. It indicates the same trend for both long and short basidia, but the data are too few to draw any definite conclusion. | refrain from comparing my results with the data of Kits van Waveren and Pegler and Young because their measures were taken from dried specimens and such, in my experience, are never sufficiently exact for the basidiograph. The pleurocystidium of P. verrucispora seems to fit its basidial locus rather than the steeper locus that one might derive for all four species. Again, there enters the problem of sectional distinction with separation of the species and their alignment, possibly, with smooth-spored species. It will be ahuge undertaking but necessary for the understanding of Psathyrella. 354 ‘Te 10 20 30 40 Figure 5. Basidiograph of the Malayan species of Psathyrella with ornamented spores. P. malayana (m), P. retispora (r), P. splendens (s) and P. verrucispora (Vv). References Chipp, T.F (1921). A list of the fungi of the Malay Peninsula. Gard. Bull., Straits Settlements IT, n. 9-11: 311-418. Corner, E.J.H. (1972). Studies in the basidium. Spore-spacing and the Boletus-spore. Gard. Bull. , Sing. XXVI-: 159-194. — (1983). Ad Polyporaceas I. Amauroderma and Ganoderma. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 75. — (1989). Ad Polyporaceas V. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 96: 11. Pegler, D.N. (1986). Agaric Flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. XII: 338. Pegler, D.N. and T.W.K. Young (1971). Basidiospore morphology in the Agaricales. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 35. — (1992). Tropical species of Psathyrella with ornamented spores. Myc. Res. 96: 503-506. Kits van Waveren, E. (1985). The Dutch, French and British species of Psathyrella. Persoonia Suppl. vol. 2. Singer, R. (1975). The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. J. Cramer: Vaduz. Smith, A.H. (1972). The North American species of Psathyrella. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gdn 24: 1-633. Wasser, S.P. and E.G.Berger (1980). Analysis of the basidium of higher Basidiomycetes on the basis of geometrical dependencies. Mycotaxon 10: 351-364. — (1983). Geometrical dependencies of Agaricaceae (Fr.) Cohn. Basidia as an additional taxonomic criterion. Sydowia, Annls Mycol. ser. IT, 36: 293-307. Watling, R. (1979). Studies in the genera Lacrymaria and Panaeolus. Notes Bot. Gdn Edin. 37: 369-380. Plate 1. Psathyrella malayana, from Bukit Timah, Singapore, 7 April 1941. Plate 2. Psathyrella retispora, from Sungei Pendas, Johore, 3 April 1941. oe) Nn 356 Plate 3. Psathyrella splendens, from Reservoir Jungle, Singapore 25 Aug. 1940. 357 ‘owe (, { Minin nnd cca cicadas rami Occ eretirnonc nn terarns cea anno aNRRRIRIS Plate 4. Psathyrella verrucispora, from Gardens Jungle, Singapore 28 March 1943. Plate 5. Psathyrella verrucispora, from Gardens Jungle, Singapore 10 Sept. 1940. Observations on Malaysian Bolbitiaceae with Records from Solomon Islands Roy WATLING Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh EH 3 SLR Scotland, UK EFFECTIVE PUBLICATION DATE : 31 MARCH 1994 Abstract Fifteen taxa of Bolbitiaceae, belonging to the three main genera and sections thereof, are described from Malaysia including four new taxa viz. Agrocybe malesiana, Bolbitius malesianus, Conocybe mitrispora & C. huijsmanii var. conica. Some interesting records from the Solomon Islands are also included. Introduction Through the kindness of Professor E. John H. Corner it has been possible to examine collections of Bolbitiaceae he made over the years in S.E. Asia, particularly the results of his expeditions to Mt Kinabalu, Borneo (= Sabah) and the Solomon Islands. To these have been added collections made by the author whilst staying at the Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong (Watling, 1992a) and miscellaneous material from other workers. Methods and Materials Fresh collections were described by both E.J.H Corner and the author following long traditions summarized in Henderson, Orton & Watling (1969). Microscopic characters in Corner’s notes and in the present contribution follow this same publication in addition to Josserand (1952). Whenever possible, water-colour paintings were made of the fresh material to later accompany the dried specimens. Herbarium material was prepared by drying specimens at a relatively low temperature (40-45°C) in a well ventilated drier. The dried material was sectioned by hand using a single edged razor blade or saturated in a 10% aqueous solution of glycerol before being sectioned on a freezing microtome (Reichert OmP 399) with a thermocouple cooling attachment stage. All material was mounted in water or in 10% aqueous solutions of ammonium hydroxide. Microscopic examinations were carried out using a Leitz Diaplan microscope with drawing tube (Camera lucida) and phase contrast facilities. 360 Taxonomic Account This listing has been arranged as outlined by Watling & Gregory (1981) and Watling (1982). Abbreviations used in references to some collections are: RSNB RSS = Royal Society Expedition to the Solomon Islands in 1965. Royal Society Expedition to Borneo in 1961. The author’s collections and those from Professor E.J.H. Corner and G. Hadley have been deposited in the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (E). Agrocybe Fayod Ann. Sci. nat. (Bot.) VII 9: 358, 1889 Subgenus Agrocybe Section Pediadeae (Fr.) Singer in Beih. Bot. Centralblatt. 56B : 167, 1936 1. A. arenicola (Berk.) Singer Fig. 1, J & N. Beih. Bot. Centralblatt, 56B: 167, 1936. Syn.: Naucoria arenicola (Berk.) Sacc. in Sylloge Fungorum 5: 845 1887. Pileus 23-55 m wide, convex then plane or concave, dry, smooth, more or less irregularly rugulose when young, then radially rimose on drying in the sun, pale cream-tan with the disc or slight umbo pale brownish tan; margin slightly incurved at first, without veil. Stipe 30-60 x 3-5 mm, gradually attenuate from subbulbous, white, villous base 5-8 mm wide, fibrous, firm, hollow, pallid then pale cream- ochraceous downwards, white pruinose upwards, appressedly fibrillose-floccose downwards. Gills rounded-adnexed, rather crowded, 40-46 primaries 4-7 mm wide, 3(-4) ranks, pallid then greyed fuscous brown. Flesh 2-3 mm thick in centre of pileus, rather soft but tough at maturity, whitish, unchanging. Odour slightly earthy. Spore-mass fuscous brown. Basidia 4-spored, 8-10 x 24-25 um. Basidiospores 13-14 x 8.5-9.5 um, ellipsoid, slightly flattened in side-view, mid-ochraceous in water, darker in alkaline solutions, thick-walled, smooth with central germ-pore. Cheilocystida scattered, 12-24 x 28-38 um, clavate, hyaline; Pleurocystidia not abundant, scattered, only towards margin, 12.5-15 x 30-36 um, clavate, hyaline. Clamp- connections present. Habitat: in grass by sandy seashore. Material examined: Sarawak, Bako National Park, 25 viii 1972, Corner P-140. Also holotype in K:South Africa, Uitenhage, Zeyher 110. 362 Agrocybe arenicola was originally described from sandy ground at Uitenhage, S. Africa (Berkeley, 1843 as Agaricus). Its relationship with Agrocybe arvalis (Fr.) Singer and A. vervacti (Fr.) Singer was recognised at that stage and Saccardo (1887) made the necessary transfer to Naucoria when the genus Agaricus was dissected and where A. vervacti was ultimately placed. Singer (1936) when surverying the taxa of Naucoria with cellular pileipelles and brown basidiospores with a central germ-pore recognised the close relationship of A. arenicola with A. semiorbicularis (Bull.: St. Amans) Fayod, a view which Reid (1975) took even further after examining the type of A. arenicola by synonimizing Berkeley’s fungus with A. semiorbicularis. Reid says ‘The figure quoted by Fries from Paulet, under A. vervacti gives a tolerable notion of its general appearance’. However, Singer (1968 &1978) maintained the autonomy of A. arenicola based on the presence of 4-spored basidia and basidiospores measuring (1 1-) 12-15 (-18) x 7.5-9.5(-10.8) um; type material in K has spores 12-14.75 x 6.5-9 um. Singer (1968) records the fungus from not only South Africa and Russia (N. Caucasus) but also from Uruguay & Argentina. He cites a single record from the Netherlands. From personal observations made in the Netherlands Singer (in L) had previously incorrectly considered this species to be A. arvalis (see Singer 1968 & 1969; Watling & Gregory, 1981). Corner (pers. comm.) indicates that this agaric ‘is a common species in grassy, sandy soils, especially by the sea’. He records it from the east coast of Johore at Jason Bay ‘on bare sand in front of Casuarina trees accompanying Inocybe sp. just above the high-tide mark, in the full open, growing on runners of grasses and sedges (Remirea)’; Corner J-36, 17 vi 1972 - one packet with this same accession number only includes an /nocybe (Mallocybe) sp. with brownish, encrusted suprapellis elements and rather mummy-shaped basidiospores. Several species within the A. semiorbicularis group actively decompose straw, grass tillers etc. 2. A. broadwayii (Murr.) Dennis Fig. 1, | Kel: Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 69: 179, 1953. Pileus 20--40 mm wide, convex then plane, subumbonate slightly depressed at centre, glabrous, smooth, smeary viscid, soon drying atomate, pale straw-yellow with disc pallid ochraceous tan, or wholly pallid ochraceous with darker disc, margin slightly incurved at first with very thin, fugaceous, arachnoid veil. Stipe 2.5-5.5 x 2.5-5.5 (3-6.5 mm at base) slightly swollen downwards, pale straw-yellow, fibrous to subsquamulose, white villose at base, hollow. Gills adnexed, sometimes nearly free, fairly crowded, subventricose, 2-3 ranks, 28-47 primaries, pallid then pale dirty fawn or subcinnamon. Flesh 20-45 mm thick 363 under pileus-disc, 0.5-1.5 mm towards margin, rather soft, pale straw-white, unchanging. Odour strong mealy. Spore-mass fuscous ferrugineous or dingy fuscous fawn. Basidia 4-spored, 10-12.5 1 x 25-35 um. Basidiospores, (10.5-)11-14(-15) x 6.8-8.3(-9.5) uum, ellipsoid, slightly flattened in side-view, dull golden yellow in water, darker in aqueous alkaline solutions, thick-walled, smooth with central germ-pore. Cheilocystidia variable, globose to vesiculose or clavate, hyaline, 30-45 x 10-30 um; pleurocystidia collapsed, apparently similar to cheilocystidia. Habitat: on bare soil. Material examined: Pahang, Tembeling, amongst young maize plants in village holding, 15 xi 1930, legit Corner as Naucoria 5. Agrocybe broadwayii is acommon pantropical member of the genus occuring on soil along roadsides, in gardens, in grassland etc. It is known from the New World, Africa as well as S. E. Asia. It was originally described from the Caribbean as Hebeloma broadwayii Murr.: Grenada, St Georges along roadside, NY!. A. broadwayii differs from A. manihotis Pegler in the paler and viscid pileus and lack of pleurocystidia. A full description is given as the Malaysian collection shows evidence of an arachnoid veil a character not always recorded for A. broadwayii. The occurrence of this structure parallels the presence of faint velar remains in other members of the Pediadae, eg. A. pediades (Fries) Fayod (Watling, 1982). 3. Agrocybe malesiana Watling nov. sp. Fig. 1, A-G. Pileus 15-50 mm conico-campanulatus dein planus interdum subumbonatus siccus glaber livido- fulvus vel ochraceus ad discum obscuriore coloratus. marginem versus pallido appendiculato-albus. Stipes 25-120 x 2.5-6 mm (ad basim 9 mm) cylindricus ad basim leviter incrassatus albus vel pallido ochraceus vel pallido-luteus apicem albo-pruinosum, substriatum sed basim minute floccoso. Lamellae adnexae dein liberae subdistantes albido vel pallide fuliginosae dein pallido-fuscae vel fuligineo- brunneae. Caro alba vel pallido-luteola. Basidia 4-sporigera, 32-40 x 11-15 um. Sporae ellipsideo- ovoideae, poro germinative (10-)11-16 x (6.5-)7-9 um. Cystidia aciei lamellarum ventricosa vel clavata; pleurocystidia praesentia. Ad terram. Holotypus: Singapore Bot. Gardens, vii 1929, Corner as Naucoria 3 (Malaya) - E. Pileus 15-50 mm wide, conico-campanulate then plane, subumbonate, over the limb at first livid clay-colour then ochraceous, often tan or fawn ochraceous over the disc, drying pale and atomate, smooth not viscid, non-striate; margin thin, at first slightly appendiculate with a thin, white, evanescent cortinoid veil, often becoming subsulcate or rimose in old basidiomes. Stipe 25-120 x 2.5-6 mm, cylindric or slightly thickened at base (-9) fibrous, often becoming hollow, white to pale ochraceous or pale yellowish, the apex white pruinose and substriate, generally slightly floccoso-peronate with a few drying ochraceous peronate zones near the white, villous base. Gills adnexed becoming free, scarcely crowded, 2-3(-4) ranks, 30-46 primaries 3-9 mm wide, white then pale fuliginous or earth-colour finally 364 pallid fuscous to pale fuliginous brown. Flesh 1.5-3 mm thick over disc, firm, not hygrophanous, white or pale yellowish. Odour faint, rather unpleasant, slightly mealy. Basidia 4-spored, 32-40 x 11-15 um; sterigmata 4-6 um long. Basidiospores pale fuscous ferrugineus or dingy fuscous fawn in mass, (10-)11-16 x (6.5-)7-9 um, ellipsoid-ovoid, flattened in side-view, thick-walled, smooth with central germ- pore, strongly pigmented in water and alkali solutions. Cheilocystidia 30-55 x 13-25 um, abundant, hyaline, clavate to ventricose; p/eurocystidia scattered to abundant, 35-95 x 15-35 um, clavate, subcylindric 0. subventricose, obtuse or subcapitate, thin-walled, hyaline, granular at apex within and often slightly encrusted with amorphous material over apex. Pileipellis a hymeniderm 60-70 Um deep of clavate cells 20-90 x 7-50 um with pale yellowish, firm but scarcely thickened walls seated on interwoven hyphae, 3-30 um broad below. Stipitipellis of filamentous, thin-walled hyphae, 3-5 um broad overlying hyphae 3-30 um wide; caulocystidia grouped, scattered, 25-27 x 7-20 um resembling cheilocystidia but narrower and more frequently subcapitate, apex 3-14 um broad. Pileus trama of interwoven, hyaline hyphae 3-25 um broad. Habitat: on soil and amongst grass. Material examined: Singapore, Botanic Gardens, viii 1929, legit Corner as Naucoria 3 (Malaya) (Holotype in E); Malaysia, Bantong, Oil Palm Research Station, 22 v 1967, legit G. Hadley. The macroscopic details are taken from the field notes of two additional collections also numbered Naucoria 3 (Malaya) and considered to be the same taxon by Corner (9 iii 1941 & 30 x 1941). Microscopic examination of the material available confirms their conspecificity. It is also noted (as Naucoria 3a; Malaya, 23 ix 1942 (with coloured illustration)) by Corner from burnt padi husk also at the Botanic Gardens, where it seems to be well established. Although very closely related to several species already recognized the author believes it is autonomous based on the following combination of characters: well- pigmented, scrobiculate-reticulate pileus; dark, fairly distant gills; velar remnants at margin of pileus giving in some old dried collections a frosted appearance; the presence of pleurocystidia; and broad basidiospores. The reticulate pileus resembles that of A. retifera (Speg.) Singer, the frosted appearance approaches that of A. viscosa Sing. a South American species with much larger basidiospores. The morphology of the pleurocystidia approaches A. manihotis Pegler from East Africa, but the last species is in Sect. Microsporae. A. earlei (Murrill) Watl. to which A. retigera is undoubtedly closely related has significantly smaller basidiospores. A. broadwayii (Murr.) Dennis and A. arenaria 365 (Peck) Sing. have similarly coloured and arranged gills but in common with members of sect. Pediadeae pleurocystidia are lacking. 4. A. semiorbicularis (Bull.: St Amans) Fayod Fig. 1, H & M Ann. Sci. Nat. (Bot.), Series 5, 9: 358 (1889). Syn.: Naucoria semiorbicularis (Bull. per St Amans) Gillet. For other synonyms and genera to which A. semiorbicularis has previously been assigned see Watling & Gregory (1981). Pileus 18 mm wide, convex then plane, pale livid, striate with disc watery yellowish when moist, drying atomate, opaque and very pale tan with the disc slightly darker, with a few brownish scurfy flecks in the centre. Stipe 25 mm x 1.5 mm, cylindric, slender, white, sparsely cottony puberulous to pruinose, white villous at base. Gills ascending adnate, rather crowded, thin, 3-4 ranks, 22 primaries 3 mm wide, pale brown. Flesh thin, concolorous. Odour none. Basidia 2-spored, 30-46 x 1 1-13 um with sterigmata 3-5 um long. Basidiospores 15-18 x 8.5-10 um, pale cinnamon-brown, ellipsoid, thick-walled, smooth, with germ-pore, aguttate. Cheilocystidia forming distinct sterile edge to gill, 35-60 x 13-20 um tapering to obtuse apex 7-13 Um broad, more or less ventricose, often slightly curved, thin-walled, hyaline; Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a palisadoderm of subglobose to clavate cells 20-60 x 10-40 Um. Habitat: on decayed banana stump. Material examined: Singapore, Botanic Gardens, 20 ix 1939, legit Corner as Naucoria 7. Agrocybe semiorbicularis has been found only once in Corner’s collections and, as he rightly notes, it is close but not conspecific with his Naucoria 3 viz. A. malesiana (see above). Naucoria 7 of Corner has been interpreted in the sense of the British Fungus Flora (Watling, 1982) viz. with 2-spored basidia, large basidiospores (15-18 x 8.5-10 um) and lack of veil (see Singer, 1978). the Singapore collection is rather unusual in its habitat. Usually this species is found in grass but the present collection, which is undoubtedly identical, was growing on a decayed banana stump. 366 BoOLBITIUS Fries Epicrisis Systematicus Mycologici 253, 1838 Subgenus Pluteolus (Fries) Watling Notes Roy. Bot. Gdn., Edinb. 26: 296, 1965. 1. Bolbitius malesianus Watling nov. sp. Fig. 2: A & B. Pileus 25-37 mm planus viscido-glutinosus non-reticulatus purpureo lilaceus ad discum obscuriore coloratus dein purpureo lividus vel pallido brunneus. Stipes 25-40 x 2-3 mm (3-5 mm a basim) albus, pruinosus, fragilis, subaequales ad basim leviter incrassatus. Lamellae liberae confertae testaceo- fulvae. Basidia 4-sporigera. Basidiosporae ellipsoideo-fusoideae, 8.7-9.6(-11) x 3.9-4.8(9-5.2) um. Cystidia aciei lamellarum lageniformia vel clavata 17-27.5 x 7.5-10.5 um; pleurocystidiata absentia. Ad lignum putridum in silva. Holotypus: Sabah, Mt Kinabalu, RSNB 5456 (-E.) Pileus 25-37 mm wide, plane wholly viscid-glutinous non-reticulate or disc rugulose under the gluten, limb rivulose, purplish mauve darker at disc, to purplish umber, pale brownish towards the margin finally losing purple tinge and becoming merely umber with colour less gluten. Stipe 25-40 x 2-3 mm (base 3-5 mm) attenuated upwards, white, pruinose, fragile. Gills 2-3.5 mm wide, free, crowded, thin, light cinnamon-fawn, 3-4 ranks (48 primaries). Flesh 1.5 mm thick under pileus-disc, white then purple near surface of pileus. Sme// none. Basidia 4-spored. Basidiospores 8.7-9.6(-11) x 3.9-4.8(-5.2) um, elongate fusoid, slightly boletoid to amygdaliform in side-view, relatively thick-walled, golden yellow in water, darker in aqueous alkaline solutions, smooth with central or slightly oblique germ-pore. Cheilocystidia irregularly shaped, lageniform with cylindric neck or with subcapitate head, 17-27.5 x 7.5-10.5 um, hyaline, thin- walled. Intermixed with some vesiculose cells 15-25 um broad. Habitat: on rotten wood or sawdust at base of dead trunk. Material examined: Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Bembangan River, 1700 m, 25 11 1964, Corner RSNB 5456 (Holotype in E); Mesilau, 1700 m, 19 iv 1964, Corner RSNB 5350; 28 iv 1964, Corner RSNB 8350A. This species is close to the temperate B. reticulatus (Pers.: Fr.) Ricken which is widespread on old deciduous logs, often amongst moss etc. It differs in the less reticulate pileus-disc and particularly the rather narrow amygdaliform almost boletoid basidiospores. The colour of the pileus is close to that of B. glaucopurpureus (Berk.) & Br.) Kiihner ex Watling & Gregory which differs markedly in the much larger basidiospores (11.5-15 x 4.5-6.2 um). The type of B.glaucopurpureus is fragmentary consisting of two longitudinal sections and a small fragment of pileus but sufficient tissure is available to indicate it is very different to the present fungus although close, judging from the spore-shape. Spores distinctly flattened in side-view are not seen in the dung-inhabiting 368 species of Bolbitius, eg. B. vitellinus (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. and the phenomenon is only slightly developed in B. reticulatus. Bolbitius mexicanus (Murr.) Murr. might be considered as conspecific but the pileus is avellanceous, lacks the purple-mauve colours, does not darken to umber and is reported to have a yellow stipe (Dennis, 1953); the basidiospores are indicated as being broader but there is some discrepancy between those given by Murrill (1912 as Mycena) and those found by the author in the single type specimen deposited in NY and examined by Dennis (1953). The reticulate pileus is not considered significant by some authors but if parallels can be made in members of a single population of B. variicolor Atk., a full range from smooth to reticulate-venose has been found. In parallel B. reticulatus is often considered to be purely a larger more reticulate form of B. aleuriatus (Fr.: Fr.) Singer; the violaceus colour in B. reticulatus as in the present taxon may vary in intensity and fades at maturity. Subgenus Bolbitius 2. B. coprophilus (Peck) Hongo Fig. 2: C-D. Mem. Fac. Lib. Arts Educ. Shiga Univ. Nat. Sci. 9:82 (1959). Pileus 30-70 mm wide, at first conical then plane or concave, subumbonate and rugulose below the superficial gluten. Finely rimosely striate towards margin, pale grey darker towards brownish or fuscous disc, or pale livid ochraceous with fuscous disc and pale brown straight margin. Stipe 50-100 x 2.0-3.5 mm (5-10.5 mm at base) rather stout, fibrous, attenuate upwards, hollow, wholly scurfy pruinose or scurfy floccose downwards with upward pointing flocci, white then pale yellowish, easily separable from pileus. Gills free 2-3 ranks, 50-98 primaries, 2-9 mm wide, very thin, crowded, white then light fawn and finally ferruginous cinnamon with whitish edge. Flesh \-1.5 mm thick under pileus-disc, very thin over limb, white or pale yellowish with age. Basidia 4-spored, 20-35 x 13.5-16 um, swollen-clavate; sterigmata 3.5 um long. Basidiospores 11.5-14.5 x 7.5-9.5 um, light ferruginous in mass, smooth, ellipsoid, aguttate, with germ-pore. Brachycystidia abundant, 20-35 x 15-30 um, swollen-clavate. Cheilocystidia 20-55 x 8-20 um, clavate to ventricose with obtuse apex, very variable in shape, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth. Pileipellis a hymeniderm 70-100 um deep of clavate cells 40-75 x 9-25 um, thin-walled, colourless, immersed in mucilage or separated by it. Caulocystidia cylindric or subventricose often lobed one or twice, not gelatinized and seated on hyphae 3-6 um broad, scattered in tufts in upper stipe and as flocci below. Stipe-trama 369 of longitudinal hyphae with long inflated cells 300-2000 x 15-40 um. Pileus trama similar to that of stipe but cells not as long, 20-50 um broad; hypoderm 50-70 um thick in pileus, of radiating, fairly compact hyphae 3-9 um broad, gelatinized in the outer layer, non-gelatinized within. Hymenophoral trama of inflated cells as in pileus; subhymenium of hyphae 5-12 um broad, slightly inflated towards margin. Material examined: Singapore, Botanic Gardens, scattered on old cow-dung compost, or subgregarious on old rotting rice straw. 26 iii 1940 and 6 xii 1944. B. coprophilus was described from dung heaps at West Albany, New York by Peck (1893) but it is widespread from Canada to the Mid-States of the United States. It is also known from Europe and from Japan. Hongo (1959) has noted it from Australia. Itis probably widespread and might be expected elsewhere, but it is less common than B. vitellinus. B. variicolor Atk. might be considered conspecific because of its olivaceous fuscous pileus with age but it differs markedly in the yellow stipe and more strongly pigmented pileus. B. varicolor is however, judging from examination of the type, very close and has similar habitat requirements. B variicolor also has a much wider distribution than first thought, viz. Australia, Europe, and probably also India. Unfortunately no material has been retained, or it was lost during World War II. A water-colour and notes accompanying the record agree in essential details, viz. pileus size and shape and floccose white stipe, with the descriptions of B. coprophilus. Microscopic details given by Corner (pers. comm.) also agree with the results for the author’s examination of the typein NY. Although the coloured illustration lacks any hint of pink B. coprophilus is recorded in the literature as sometimes lacking the pink hues (Morgan, 1895). This is in keeping with other species in the genus where the pigment may vary in intensity depending on the size of the cells in the hymenodermal pileipellis or the age of the basidiome. Further material agreeing with this same taxon is reported by Corner to have been found in the same locality in March four years previously (pers. comm.) Basidiome ontogeny: Corner had studied his collections in great detail and developmental data accompanies his water-colours. His notes are reproduced herein as little appears in the literature on the development of members of the genus Bolbitius. ‘Gymnocarpic but the pileus-margin pressed closely against the stem from the earliest stage and some superficial stem-hyphae growing up against this margin, anastomosing with its tissue, and making a very slight marginal veil. Stem soon becoming swollen and beginning to inflate before the formation of the pileus, the cells of the stem-hyphae at first c. 15 x 3 um, inflating and lobing to produce lateral hyphae often only a few cells long. Palisade of the pileus becoming delimited in primordia 0.8-1mm high.’ 370 ‘The hymeniderm arises from the outer part of the hypoderm which is about 50-70 um thick in the pileus-centre and is composed of radiating and fairly compact hyphae 3-9 um broad, with gelatinized walls in the outer layers. Many new cells are incorporated into the hymeniderm as the pileus develops.’ ‘Stem-elongation mainly in the morning before expansion of the pileus during the ensuing night; collapse of the basidiome was by noon on the next day.’ Conocybe Fayod Ann. Sci. Nat. (Bot.) series 7, 9: 357, 1889. Subgenus Conocybe Section Singerella Watling Sydowia 8: 408, 1979 1. C. corneri Watling Beih. Sydowia 8.: 401, 1979 Pileus 20-60 mm, at first conic and 15-25 mm high, then umbonate, finally more or less plane, smooth, finely puberulous with whitish hairs, hygrophanous, finely striate at first, intensely dark rich purple then on expansion livid vinaceous to vinaceous drab or dingy pinkish grey with centre fuscous, or becoming ligh fulvous fawn and drying fulvous melleous. Stipe 100-160 mm/2-3 mm (5-7 mm atthe base), attenuate upwards, long, cartilaginous, wholly puberulous, finely spirally striate more or less concolorous, white towards the apex and base, with irregularly split or bifid, free, smooth, floccose-membranous, white volva, 8-12 x 7-9 mm. Gills free or very slightly adnexed, very crowded, thin, narrow, 3-4 ranks, 27-48 primaries 1.5-2 mm wide, the secondaries nearly as long as the primaries, white turning pale ochraceous cinnamon from distal edge near the margin of pileus towards stem. Flesh \-1.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, brittle, concolorous. Odour none. Spore-mass brown (from deposit on stipes in pickled specimens). Basidia 4-spored, 26-30 x 11-12 tm, clavate-cylindric, hyaline in water and alkali mounts. Basidiospores 8.5-11 x 6--6.5 um, smooth, broadly ellipsoid to distinctly angular in face-view, slightly flattened on one side in side-view, very distinct apiculus and very prominent germ-pore. Brachycystidia abundant, 25-30 um broad; pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia 20-35 x 10-20 um, lecythiform with neck 1-3 um long and head 4-6 um broad, hyaline in water and alkali mounts, thin-walled, smooth. Pileipellis a compact palisadoderm of smooth, broadly clavate to vesiculose, thin-walled cells 25-55 x 12-30 um, hyaline with pedicel darkened; pileocystidia replaced by thin-walled, filiform pilocystidia < 300 Um long and 3-5 um wide. Caulocystidia numerous in bunches in rows on the the stipe, mixture of vesiculose, clavate and lecythiform elements, the last commoner 371 towards the apical and basal zones. Pileus trama of only slightly inflated cells, Hymenophoral trama with distinct filamentous, little inflated hyphal strands forming central strand and more inflated subhymenial zone. Habitat: On elephant dung from the forest. Material examined: Johore, near Jemaluang Road, v 1940, legit Corner - Locellina 1. This taxon was introduced with a second collection also from S.E. Asia made by Egon Horak in New Guinea. Subgenus Singerella of which C. corneri is the type is characterised by the presence of a volvate base to the stipe and Watling (1979) has discussed the origin of this. Since Singerella was erected Singer & Hausknecht (1989) have demonstrated the presence of member of the subgenus in Europe, viz. C. hornana Sing. & Hausk. Subsequently Bon (1991) elevated the section to subgeneric rank. Locellina Gillet, and Acetabularia (Berk.) Mass. in early texts, were considered to be brown-spored equivalents of Volvaria DC. (= Volvariella Speg.: pink- spored), Amanitosis Roze (= Amanita Pers.: white-spored), and Chitonia Clements s. Massee (= Macrometrula Donk & Singer: purplish brown-spored). As descriptions and illustrations of members of these two genera superficially resembled C. corneri Watling (1979) had occasion to discuss both genera especially as in Corner’s notes there exists a painting by Ridley (No. 83) of a Malaysian agaric labelled Locellina. Corner (pers. comm.) also provisionally labelled C. corneri ‘Locellina sp.’ The painting was dated 2 November 1907 and depicts a volvate- stemmed agaric with brown gills. Unfortunately no material has been located in K to accord with the illustration. The gills of many species of Volvariella take on a cinnamon brown colouration on drying and so exsiccata can resemble members of the Bolbitiaceae or even Cortinariaceae. Many collectors, some quite experienced, have learnt this to their embarrassment, and it would appear that from the volva’s appearance Ridley’s painting in fact depicts a species of Volvariella. Section Nodulososporae Watling Rey. Mycol. Paris NS 40: 33, 1976. 2. C. nodulosospora (Hongo) Watl. Fig. 3: E, F & H. Rey. Mycol. Paris, NS 40: 33, 1976 Basionym. Pseudoconocybe nodulosospora Hongo in J. Jap. Bot. 42: 25, 1967. Pileus 20-30 mm wide, 40 mm high, conical, faintly striate, dull ferruginous ochraceous with white pilosity. Stipe 60-70 x 4 mm, slightly swollen below ( x 6mm), dull ferruginous ochraceous, white-pilose, solid or slightly hollow, base abrupt. Gills ascending adnexed, narrow, very crowded, 3 ranks with about 48 primaries, pallid at first then dull ferruginous ochraceous. F lesh about 3 mm thick 372 at centre of pileus, soft, hygrophanous. Odour not recorded. Basidia 4-spored, 22-26 x 6-8 um. Basidiospores 7-8.7 x 5.2-6.1(-6.5) um, 5-6-nodulose, fairly thick-walled, orange-brown in alkaline solutions, smooth. Cheilocystidia 25-30 x 7.5-10 um, lecythiform, with apex 2.5-3.5 um diameter, hyaline; pleurocystidia absent. Caulocystidia 15-35 x 7-8.5 um, cylindric to elongate-clavate, hyaline, intermixed with ellipsoid to subglobose cells 26-40 x 10-20 um. Pileipellis a palisadoderm of pyriform to pedicellate cells, 25-45 x 12.5-17.5 um Habital: on rotten wood in forest. Material examined. Sabah, Mt Kinabalu, Bembangan River, 1700m, 25 11 1964, Corner RSNB 5453. The nodulose basidiospores characterise the Section Nodulososporae and as yet there is only one known member. There is little doubt that a relationship should be sought with the strongly mitriform spored members of the genus (see below). Reference should be made to details published on the type material (Watling, 1976) with which the present collection agrees. The distribution of C. nodulosospora is extended considerably by the present collection but this follows a pattern seen in other groups of agarics (Watling, 1992a). Section Pilosellae Kiihner ex Singer in Sydowia 15: 69, 1962. 3. C. fragilis (Peck) Singer Fig. 2, I:. Fig, 3, bees Acta Bot. Inst. Komarov Acad. Sci. URSS, Series 2 6: 438 (1950) Basionym: Galera fragilis Peck in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 144 (1897). Pileus 5-10 mm, conical to convex, scarcely umbonate, striate, pale fawn drab. Stipe 20-40 x 1-1.5 mm, concolorous with pileus, pallid and striate upwards. Gills ascending adnate, 3 ranks, 13-16 primaries 1-1.5 mm wide, pale cinnamon-fawn. Flesh characters and odour not recorded. Basidia 4-spored, 17.5-25 x 7.5-10 um. Basidiospores (7.9-) 8.3-9.2(-9.6) x (4.8-)5.2-6.1 um, ellipsoid or very slightly amygdaliform in side-view, yellow- brown in alkaline solutions, thick-walled, smooth, with large, central germ-pore. Cheilocystidia 17.5-25 x 5.5-8 um, lecythiform, with apex 3.5-4.5 um, hyaline; pleurocystidia absent. Caulocystidia 15-35 x 6-8.5 um cylindric to elongate- clavate, hyaline, intermixed with ellipsoid cells 25-40 x 10-20 um. Pileipellis a palisadoderm of pyriform to sphaeropedunculate cells 25-40 x 12.5-17.5 1m. Habitat: on moss on rotten wood in forest. Figure 3. 374 Material examined: Sabah, Mt Kinabalu, Bembangan River, 1700m, 27 ii 1964, Corner RSNB 5512. Although the fresh pileus is described as ‘pale fawn drab’ the dried material exhibits a distinct purplish tinge in accordance with Peck’s type material in NY, and later descriptions (Murrill, 1917; Kiihner, 1935). Several collections from cucumber beds collected by Daams are deposited in the Leiden Herbarium (L) agree in all major details with Corner RSNB 5512. Unfortunately the production of cucumbers by using nutrient enriched straw-bales has changed (Daams 1972; pers. comm.) and the fungus has not been seen in the Netherlands as frequently (Daams, 1972). The colour of the pileus is very distinctive and undoubtedly influenced J. Schaeffer (1930) to describe his Galera incarnata J. Schaeff. which is considered a synonym of the N. American agaric (Kiihner, 1935). The habitat (grassland) and colours are slightly different to that described in the British Fungus Flora Vol. 3 (Watling, 1982) although the microscopic characters are the same. This calls for cultural studies in the future. 4. Conocybe sp. / Fig. 3, A-C. Pileus 25 mm wide, 20 mm high, conical rather vinaceous fawn, disc browner, wholly minutely pubescent, striate. Stipe 100 x 1.5 mm (5 mm at base) pale brownish, tinged vinaceous, finely white fibrillose-pruinose, subvillous, sub- bulbous base, thinly felted as if with an adnate volva. Gills ascending adnate, thin, crowded 3-4 ranks, c. 24 primaries, -4 mm wide, concolorous. Flesh thin, almost white in stipe. Smell none. Basidia 2-spored, 10-12 um broad, clavate, hyaline. Basidiospores (12.2-) 12.7-14x 10.5-12.2 um, lenticular, flattened in side-view, almost rounded rhomboid, with central or slightly obique germ-pore, very thick-walled, deeply pigmented in both water and aqueous alkaline solutions, smooth, a high percentage of spores drawn out into a snout and then more ellipsoid in overall shape. Cheilocystidia 10-12.5 x 15-17.5 um, lecythiform, hyaline with capitulum 2-3.3 um diam.; pleurocystidia absent. Caulocystidia hyaline, a mixture of filamentous cells with globose, ellipsoid or vesiculose cells forming discrete patches, a few with a capitate apex. Ammonia reaction negative Habitat: on the ground in forest. Material examined: Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, Tsuva, 9 ii 1965, Corner RSS 1784. The reference to the subvillous base which is thinly felted and so resembling an adnate volva emphasises the closeness of several Conocybe spp. of both Sect. 375 Pilosellae and Sect. Conocybe with those in Sect. Singerella. This is why the volva itself in Conocybe is not considered sufficient for generic separation. The basidiospores of this collection are extremely striking in their honeydew melon-shape in face-view and the colour, viz. rich tawny even in water is probably a result of the very thick-walls. In addition a fairly significant proportion of the spores of the present collection do not have the rounded shape but are elongate elliptic with a drawn-out end (Fig. 3, A’). Before formal description can be conducted this feature must be examined in greater detail, and further collections will assist in understanding whether it is constant feature or merely an aberration. 5. Conocybe sp. 2. Pig, 3.1). Pileus 5-20 mm high, 7-28 mm wide, conical then plano-convex slightly umbonate, finely striate, hygrophanous, dark ferruginous cinnamon becoming fulvous honey-colour, wholly pilose with minute white hairs when fresh. Stipe 40- 100 x 0.7-2 mm (1.5-5 mm at base) dense, straight, wholly finely white pruinose- pilose, rather striate, pale tawny to pale cinnamon ochre, white at apex and base. Gills adnate, thin, crowded, narrow, 3-4 ranks, 20--30 primaries, 1.5-2 mm wide, pale watery cinnamon, pallid brownish white at first. Flesh very thin, hygrophanous. Smell none. Basidia 4-spored, 20-30 x 10-12.5 um; sterigmata 2.5-3 um long. Basidiospores (8-) 8.7-10.5(-11) x (5-)5.2-6.1(-7) um, broadly ellipsoid slightly broader above /,- way in face-view, amygdaliform in side-view relatively thick-walled with central germ-pore, smooth. Cheilocystidia lecythiform, 14-25(-26) x 6-10(-11) um, with neck 2-3 um long surmounted by capitulum 2.5-5 um, thin-walled, hyaline. Caulocystidia grouped in bunches, filamentous hair-like 52-105 x 2.2-3.5 um, hyaline or honey-coloured, intermixed with some ellipsoid or ovoid cells. Ammonia reaction negative. Habitat: on elephant dung in forest. Material examined: Johore, Mawi, v 1940, Corner — Galera-3 In his notes Corner compares this collection with C. huijsmanii Watl. (as Galera -2) but the basidiomes are more strongly coloured with purple tinge around the pileus-margin; the basidiospores are also smaller. It is described by the collector as nocturnal. Many species of Conocybe and Bolbitius, and Coprinus develop overnight even in Europe; in the tropics this is accentuated and occurs in several additional genera eg. Russula sect. ‘Pelliculariae in W. Africa; Leucocoprinus. The basidiospores under the microscope are rather dull coloured for a member of the genus Conocybe, but the structure of the pileipellis, presence of lecythiform 376 cheilocystidia and general facies do not place this in Agrocybe. There are several genera which are now known to contain a few species in which the spore-print colour diverges from the ‘norm’ or the classically accepted, eg. Bolbitius aff. nobilis Peck from N. America (Singer 1986) with dull brown spores, Psathyrella sarcocephala (Fr.: Fr.) Sing. with pink spores. It should be noted that Psathyrella michiganense Smith even with its dull spore-print is closer to Conocybe spp. than it is to members of the genus Psathyrella, where a special section had to be erected for it (Singer, 1951). Section Conocybe (= Farinosae p.p. Kuhner, 1935) 6. Conocybe mitrispora Watling nov. sp. Fig. 2. Goma Pileus 20mm conico-campanulatus obscureo-umbrinus siccate pallidoferrugineus. Stipes < 80 x 2.5 mm pruinoso-striatus concolores radicatus. Lamellae adnexae confertae subferrugineae. Basidia 4-sporigera. Sporae mitriformes (7.4-)7.9-8.7 x (6.1-)6.5-7.4 (- 7.9) um. Poro germinativo. Cystidia aciei lamellarum lecythiformia 22.5-25 x 10-12 um capitula 4-5 um lata. Ad humum in silva. Holotypus: Sabah, Corner - ‘Galera - Borneo’ in Herb E Pileus 20mm wide, 15 mm high, conico-campanulate, dingy umber ferruginous, drying light fawn ferruginous. Stipe - 80 x 2.5 mm, wholly finely pruinose and striate, concolorous to pileus but paler slightly rooting at base. Gills - 3 mm wide ascending, adnexed 3-4 ranks, 30 primaries, crowded, thin, light fawn cinnamon or subferruginous. Basidia 4-spored. Basidiospores mitriform with distinct truncate germ-pore, (7.4-)7.9-8.7 x (6.1-)6.5-7.4(-7.9) uum, thick-walled, rich golden yellow in water, darker in aqueous alkaline solutions, smooth. Cheilocystidia numerous, lecythiform, thin-walled, hyaline, 22.5-25 x 10-12.0 um, with distinct neck - 6.5 um long, surmounted by capitulum 4-5 um diam. enveloped by a mucilaginous, drop-5.5 um broad. Caulocystidia in groups, lecythiform, thin-walled, hyaline, < 15 x 6-7.5 um, with tapered neck and capitulum 3-3.5 um diam. Ammoniacal reaction negative. Habitat: in humus in forest. Material examined: Sabah, Mt Kinabalu, 1200m. | viii 1961, solitary, legit Corner as ‘Galera - Borneo’ The collector indicated that this collection agreed with G. tenera (ie Conocybe tenera (Schaeff.: Fr.) Fayod) a group with which he would have been familiar in Europe. The mitriform basidiospores have apparently evolved in Conocybe in unrelated groups. The present fungus in virtue of its lecythiform caulocystidia and negative a7 reaction with ammoniacal solutions is related to the C. rickeniana Sing. ex Orton group. However, in Queensland the author has found a species of Conocybe with a similar spore-shape but it is a member of Section Pilosellae. Similar spore-shape is found in C. /entispora Singer (Section Pilosellae) and C. lenticulospora Watling (Section Pilosellae). Section Candidae Kiihner ex Singer Sydowia 15: 69, 1962 7. Conocybe huijsmanii Watl. Fig. 2, M. Norw. J. Bot. 3 262, 1993. var. conica Watling var. nov. Fig. 2, K, N--P. A typo differt pileo ad conicum. Holotypus: Kepong, Malaysia, Watling 24446 in E. Pileus 10-25 mm wide/10-15 mm high, conical retaining acute apex even when collapsing, minutely pubescent at first then smooth, minutely atomate, faintly sulcato-striate on outer limb, fawn ochraceous with persistent darker ochraceous or ochre centre, paler towards margin to become pale ochraceous clay-colour, drying pale ochraceous tan with darker centre and slightly rugulose towards margin. Stipe 40-100 x 1-2 mm, cylindric with slightly thickened or bulbillose base (2-4 mm diam.), straight, hollow, very fragile wholly finely cottony pubescent, becoming smooth, white, at most pallid. Gi//s 1-2 mm wide slightly adnexed, narrow, linear, crowded, thin, 3-4 ranks, 16-36 primaries, pale cinnamon fawn; edge white. Flesh 0.5-0.8 mm thick in the centre of pileus, very thin over limb, hygrophanous, very fragile, white in stipe, pallid in pileus. Odour none. Basidia 4-spored, 17-24.5 x 8-10.5 um. Basidiospores (8.5-) 11-13 x (6.7-)7.5 (-9) um; broadly ellipsoid to slightly lenticular, often slightly broader in lower half, deep golden yellow in water, with rust tawny tinge in aqueous alkaline solutions, thick-walled with prominent central germ-pore, smooth. Cheilocystidia lecythiform, 20-30 x 7-15 um, with capitulum 5-7 um diam., hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent replaced by abundant brachycystidia 17.5-22 x 8-11 um. Pileipellis a hymeniderm of clavate- pedicellate cells, 15-40 um diam., with scattered, thin-walled, hyaline, flexuous, filamentous pileocystidia. Caulocystidia similar to pileocystidia, flexuous, filamentous but at stipe-apex mixed with some thin-walled, hyaline, lecythiform cells similar to cheilocystidia, 21-32 x 8-13.5 um. Habitat : in grass of lawns; sometimes amongst /schaemum. Material examined: Singapore, Botanic Gardens, 27 ix 1934, legit Corner as Galera 2 (supported by coloured illustration from 30 Cluny Road 2 vii 1940); Nelgeri Selangor, Kepong, Library lawns, 10 iii 1992, Watling 24446 (Holotype in E); Kepong, 12 iii 1992, Watling 24448; Kepong, playing fields, 11 iii 1992; 378 Kuala Lumpur, Tourist Centre lawn, 25 i11 1992, Watling 24447. This agaric grows immediately following rain showers especially after dry periods, and might be expected throughout the region. It grows scattered on lawns. Although C. huijsmanii was described from Europe this variety is widespread in other tropical areas (see Watling 1992); the coloured illustrations in Dennis (1953 as C. crispa) agree with the author’s collections and with the painting accompanying Corner’s material. It is neither C. crispa (Longyear) Singer which differs in its crisped gills, 2-spored basidia, nor C. lactea which has a non-expanding (Fig. 3, L.) cylindrical pileus. The later also grows in Australasia in grass on lawns; a collection by the author is available in E from the Governor’s House lawn, Adelaide, south Australia. It retains all the characters typical of European material. Corner in his field notes drew attention to the similarity to Bo/bitius in the rapidly collapsing, thin-fleshed pileus. Indeed in the author’s collections the pileus has collapsed on pieces of paper to give what looks now only like an outline. The presence of brachycystidia in the hymenium supports a placement in Bo/bitius and indeed Bon (1992) transferred this group from Conocybe to Bolbitius. Since the cheilocystidia and some caulocystidia are lecythiform (symmetric) and not simply capitate as one sees in Bolbitius, and since the pileus pigment is membranal not vacuolar, a placement in Conocybe 1s preferred. As the present fungus is so comon, itis likely that it has been described before and two possible candidates are Galera grisea Earle and G. simulansEarle (see Murrill, 1917) which have been synonymised with G. crispa. The problems of typification of G. crispa have been discussed earlier (Watling, 1992b). Subgenus Pholiotina (Fayod) Kiihner Le Genre Galera, 139, 1935 8. Conocybe sp. 3 Fig. 3, E-H. Pileus -25mm, convex, subviscid, smooth, striate at the margin, umber brown, then fawn ferruginous in centre, pallid fawn ochraceous towards margin with whitish fibrillose-membranous, evanescent, appendiculate veil. Stipe 30-35 x 2mm, cylindric, slightly fibrillose white and satiny fibrillose then pale dingy sub- ochraceous. Gills sinuate-adnate or adnate-decurrent rather crowded, thin, 3-4 ranks, 18-36 primaries, -3mm wide pallid whitish then fawn drab to pale fuscous umber. Flesh hygrophanous, concolorous with pileus. Smell slight. Basidia 4-spored, 56-65 x 7-8 um, hyaline or slightly honey-coloured. Basidiospores 7-9.6 x 4.4-6.1 um, elliptic in face-view, slightly amygdaliform in side-view, fairly thick-walled, smooth with central germ-pore. Cheilocystidia elongate fusiform to utriform, 24-33 x 8.6-9.6 um venter hyaline to pale honey- coloured often with amorphous material within, 9-11.5 um broad. Caulocystidia, Sy be long, filamentous, hair-like, 79-122 x 3.5-3.9 um. Pileipellisacollapsed hymeniderm with rounded cells, 8.5-26.5 um diameter (x 32.5 um) intermixed and seated on filamentous units and with a few superficial, clamped, red-brown hyphae scattered on surface. Habitat: in small groups in river gravel and on humus and on sticks. Material examined: Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Mahamed River, 1300m, 3 viii 1961, Corner as Naucoria RSNB 1604. This species is distinctive in the elongate fusiform to elongate citriform cheilocystidia which are often filled with honey-yellow amorphous material; some may even be slightly encrusted. In this character the species resembles the Agrocybe putaminum group but because of the delicate nature of the pileus and stipe a placement in Conocybe is at present preferred. Unfortunately the pileipellis is collapsed but there is ample evidence of some former velar development. Hyphal fragments, some clamp-connected, have been seen on the surface of the pileipellis in a similar fashion to those in C. brunnea (J. Lge. & Kiihner) ex Watling which is a member of subgenus Pholiotina (Watling, 1971). The cheilocystidia except for the inclusions parallel the equivalent structures in several members of this subgenus. Subgenus Piliferae (Kiihner ex Singer) Watling Notes Roy, Bot. Gdn., Edinb. 26: 289-323, 1965 9. Conocybe sp. 4 Fig.3,1&T. Pileus 7-12 mm wide, convex then plane, strongly umbonate, smooth, dry, bay brown when moist with blackish umbo, becoming cinnamon honey-colour with brown umbo on drying; margin slightly incurved at first, becoming straight and splitting radially. Stipe 16-24 x 1-1.5 mm at apex, 2-2.5 mm at base, cartilaginous, solid or with loose pith, rather tough, smooth, dark fuscous bay; base abrupt. Gil/s adnexed, scarcely crowded, thin, dry, firm, 3-4 ranks, 18-20 primaries, 1-1.5 mm wide, cinnamon honey-colour or tawny ochraceous. Flesh c. | mm thick beneath disc, rather tough, hard, concolorous when moist, drying pale yellowish in pileus; smell radishy and earthy not strong. Basidiospores (5.2-)5.5-6(-6.5) x 3.5-4 um, ellipsoid-amygdaliform in side- view, elongate ovoid in face-view, smooth with relatively thick wall and central germ-pore slightly truncate at base, yellow tawny in water, rich orange tawny in aqueous alkaline solutions. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, hyaline 18-23 x 5-6 um; sterigmata < 3 um long. Cheilocystidia 20-30 x 3-5 um, subcylindric-clavate to elongate, sometimes flexuous, not capitate, thin-walled, hyaline; pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis collapsed; some sphaeropedunculate cells 8.7-12.5 um. Stipitipellis of parallel, compact hyphae 7-15 1m broad with yellowish walls, 380 darker towards the cortex. Gill trama of very compact, pale yellowish hyphae 4-8 um broad. Clamp-connections present. Habitat: on mouldy earth and woody remains around very rotten stump in secondary forest. Material examined: Singapore, Reservoir Jungle, 28 iv 1931, legit Corner as Naucoria 2b. This collection, typified by a rather tough consistency and tiny amygdaliform basidiospores, belongs in this subgenus because of the subcylindric-clavate to elongate somtimes flexuous, non-capitate, thin-walled, hyaline cheilocystidia. This combination of characters is unknown in subgenus Piliferae and must be recorded; the specimens unfortunately are not suitable to designate as type-material. References Berkeley, M.J. (1843). Enumeration of Fungi collected by Herr Zeyher in Uitenhage. Hooker's London J. Bot. 2: 507-527. Bon, M. (1991). Novitates - 1 (Cortinariaceae et. aff.) Especes “galero-naucorioides” stat. et comb. nov. Documents Mycologiques 21(83) 37-39. — (1992). Cle monographique des speces Galero-Naucoroides. Documents Mycologiques 21(84) 1-89. Daams, J. (1972). De Mycoflora in Komkommerkassen. Coolia 15: 145-155. Dennis, R.W.G (1953). Les Agaricales de Tile de la Trinité. Rhodosporae- Ochrosporae. Bulletin Societé Mycologique de France 69; 145-198. Henderson, D.M., Orton, P.D. & Watling, R. (1969). British Fungus Flora. Agarics and Boleti: Introduction HMSO, Edinburgh 58 pp. Hong, T.(1959). Agaricales of Japan (1)1. Memoirs Faculty Liberty Arts Education, Shiga University Nat. Sci. 9: 47-94. Josserand, M. (1952). La description des champginons supérieurs: technique descriptive, vocabulaire raisonnée du descripteur. Paris, Lechevalier: 338 p. Kiihner, R. (1931). Le Genre Galera, Paris. Morgan, A.P. (1895). New North American fungi. J. Cincinnati Soc. for Nat. Hist. 18: 36-45. Murrill, W.A. (1912). The Agaricaceae of Tropical North America - V. Mycologia 4: 72-83. 381 — (1917). North American Flora - Agaricales - Agariceae subtribe Pholiotinae. 10(3) 145-226. Peck, C.H. (1893). Report of the State Botanist. Ann. Rep. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 46: 1-69. Reid, D.A. (1975). Type Studies of the larger Basidiomycetes described from Southern Africa. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium 7: 1-225. Saccardo, P.A. (1887). Sylloge Fungorum 5: 1-1146, Patavii. Schaeffer, J. (1930). Die Sammethaubchen (Galera). Zeitschrift fiir Pilzkunde 14(9): 163-174. Singer, R. (1936). Studien ziir Systematik der Basidiomycetes I & II. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 56. Abt B. 137-174. — (1951). The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy. Lilloa 22 (1949): 1-832. — (1968). Sand-dune inhabiting fungi of the south Atlantic coast from Uruguay to Bahia, Brazil. Mycopathologia et Mycoapplicata 34: 129-143. — (1969). Mycoflora Australis. Beih. Nova Hedw. 29: 1-405. — (1978). Keys to identification of the species of Agaricales I: Agrocybe Sydowia 30 (1977): 194-200. — (1986). Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy, Ed. 4, 1-981, Koeltz Koningstein. — & Hausknecht, A. (1989). Conocybe horana - eine neue Art mit Volbv aus Osterreich. Beitrage ziir Kenntnis der Pilze Mitteleuropas 5: 87-91. Watling, R. (1971). The genus Conocybe subgenus Pholiotina II. Persoonia 6: 313-339. — (1979). Observations on the Bolbitiaceae XV. The taxonomic position of those species of Conocybe subgenus Pholiotina Il. Persoonia 6: 313-339. — (1982). British Fungus Flora: Agarics & Boleti. Vol. 3. Bolbitiaceae 1-139, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, Edinburgh. — (1992a). Report to Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Technische Zusammemarbeit (GTZ) GmbH. Edinburgh 11 pp. — (1992b). Observations on the Bolbitiaceae 30. Some Brazilian taxa. Boletin. Societ argentina Botanica 20: 77-103. — & Gregory, N.M. (1981). Census Catalogue of World Members of the Bolbitiaceae. Bibliotheca Mycologica 82: 1-224. ve. 9 Ge oa Gn eee 4 “oa 383 Book Review Flora of Australia Volume 50 : Oceanic Islands 2. Pp xxvi + 606, | black-and-white and 17 colour plates (56 colour photographs), 7 maps and 34 line drawings. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1993. ISBN 0 644 25875 6 (pbk). Price $A 44.95 (paperback), $A 59.95 (hardcover). Available from AGPS Mail Order Sales, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. This is one of a series of 50 or so volumes of Flora of Australia that is currently being undertaken under the Australian Biological Resources Study. So far, thirteen volumes have been published, including one volume on lichens. Their publication dates are given in this volume on page 579. Volume 50 is one the two volumes that cover the vascular flora of Australia’s offshore islands. Vascular plants of Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Ashmore Reef, Cartier Island, the Coral Sea Islands Territory and Subantarctic Islands (Macquire Island, Heard Island, McDonald Islands) are included here while those of Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands will be dealt with in a separate volume to be published at a later date. The combination of floras of tropical/ subtropical islands and subantarctic islands in one volume is due to economical rather than phytogeographical reasons. Nonetheless, this is certainly the most up-to-date flora for anyone interested in oceanic islands. Arrangement of contents in this volume is well-planned. The combination of the taxonomic treatments of floras of the various islands into a single text avoids duplication of text where a particular taxon occurs in more than one island. Under the heading of each island or island groups, besides general information on geographical location, physical features, climate, vegetation, floristics and history of human usage, a species listandakey tothe plant families encountered are given. Inthe main text, the description of various genera and species comes under the respective families arranged according to the Cronquist System. A glossary on botanical terms and a list of abbreviations and contractions provided towards the end of the volume are particularly useful in explaining some of the unfamiliar terms found in the text. Unlike some classical floras, this volume provides additional information on plant geography such as vegetation zonation. Accounts on animal-plant relationships such as the dispersal of plants by animal agents and the use of forest by sea birds provide the users with further insight to island ecology. Considerable efforts have gone into the description of plants, based on material from the islands. Synonyms of each species, published illustrations, important references and meaning of epithets are well covered. The adoption of revised names of certain ‘problematic’ species with explanation in some instances such as Moringa oleifera Lam. [instead of M. pterygosperma Gaertn.] on p. 176, Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don [instead of Jsotoma longiflora(L.) C.Presl or Laurentia longiflora(L.) E.Wimm. ] on p. 390 and Melanthera biflora (L.)Wild [in place of Wedelia biflora (L.)DC.] on p. 419 helps to clarify the long-standing confusion of these names. 384 : Except for minor errors such as the spelling of sub-heading USEAGE on p. 50, the use of Swietenia mahogani L. instead of S. mahagoni (L.)Jacq. on p. 253, the omission of the explanation of epithet of Citrus maxima on p. 300, the authors and editors should be congratulated for the excellent work and effort they put in to bring this volume to fruition. I would certainly recommend this volume to all libraries and herbaria and to anyone with an interest in floristics and plant geography of oceanic islands. Tay Eng Pin Senior Research Officer/Taxonomy Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore THE GARDENS’ BULLETIN SINGAPORE Index to Vol. 45 (Part 2) Dec 1993 Published by National Parks Board Singapore Botanic Gardens Cluny Road Singapore 1025 CONTENTS Volume 45 PART 2 — Ist Dec 1993 GAY, H., HENNIPMAN, E., HUXLEY, C.R. & PARROTT, FJ.E. The Taxonomy, Distribution and Ecology of the Epiphytic Malesian Ant-Fern Lecanopteris Reinw. (polypodiaceae) ..............:cccceeseeeeeeeeee 293-335 CORNER, E.J.H. Psathyrella (Agaricales) with Ornamented Spores in the INR Tis RN RMMNNNIRN oe sera Eas seating od vw wa pended a CoceasOvaee Midev ddan vevecgntns 337-357 WATLING, R. Observations on Malaysian Bolbitaceae with Records from SE TE AE TERE NL A EL RED 359-381 TAY, E:P Book Review : Peeemrrasiraia Vol. 50: Oceanic Islamtts:2 gucincc. 6 fakes Moan sn sss. 383-384 : 4) | . ey ori oat ey 385 INDEX Volume 45 (Part 2) Basionyms and synonyms appear in italics. Page numbers in italics indicate the presencve of illustrations. Acetabularia 371 Actinidiaceae 335 Adenanthera sp. 335 Adinandra acuminata 319 Adinandra sp. 334 Agaricales 337 Agaricus 340,362 Agathis borneensis 334 Agathis dammara 317 Agavaceae 333 Agrocybe 360,376 Agrocybe arenaria 364 Agrocybe arenicola 360,362 Agrocybe arvalis 362 Agrocybe broadwayii 362,363,364 Agrocybe earlei 364 Agrocybe malesiana 359,363,365 Agrocybe manihotis 363,364 Agrocybe pediades 363 _ Agrocybe putaminum 379 Agrocybe retifera 364 Agrocybe retigera 364 Agrocybe semiorbicularis 362,365 Agrocybe vervacti 362 Agrocybe viscosa 364 Amanita 371 Amanitosis 371 Amauroderma 337 Antidesma sp. 333 Aphanamixis myrmecophila 316 Apocynaceae 333 Araucariaceae 334 Ardisia sp. 334,335 Artocarpus spp. 321,333 Asclepiadaceae 326 Baeckia frutescens 318,326,334 Banksia dentata 318,333 Barteria fistulosa 316 Bolbitiaceae 359,371 Bolbitius 366,368,369,375,378 Bolbitius aff. nobilis 376 Bolbitius aleuriatus 368 Bolbitius coprophilus 368,369 Bolbitius glaucopurpureus 366 Bolbitius malesianus 359,366 Bolbitius mexicanus 368 Bolbitius reticulatus 366,368 Bolbitius variicolor 368,369 Boibitius vitellinus 368,369 Boletus 337,347,348 Bulbophyllum sp. 326 Calophyllum austrocoriaceum 334 Campnosperma brevipetiolatum 316 Candidae 377 Castanopsis 298 Castanopsis acuminatissima 317,322,335 Casuarina 362 Casuarina nobilis 334 Casuarina sp. 333,334 Casuarinaceae 333,334 Chitonia 371 Chrysobalanaceae 333,334 Cinnamomum scortechinu 334 Citrus maxima 384 Cocos nucifera 321,333 Conocybe 370,375,376,377,378,379 Conocybe brunnea 379 Conocybe corneri 370,371 Conocybe crispa 378 Conocybe fragilis 372 Conocybe hornana 371 Conocybe huijsmanii 375,377,378 Conocybe huijsmanii var. conica 359,377 Conocybe lactea 378 Conocybe lenticulospora 377 Conocybe lentispora 377 Conocybe mitrispora 359,376 Conocybe nodulosospora 371,372 Conocybe rickeniana 377 Conocybe sp.1 374 Conocybe sp.2 375 Conocybe sp.3 378 Conocybe sp.4 379 Conocybe spp. 374,376 Conocybe tenera 376 Coprinus 337,375 A - 386 Gard. Bull. Sing. 45 (1993) ’ Cortinariaceae 371 Cratoxylum sp. 334 Crematogaster 295 Crematogaster treubi 321 Cunoniaceae 334,335 Cyathea sp. 333 Cyatheaceae 333 Glochidion sp. 333 Guttiferae 334,335 Hamamelidaceae 334 Hebeloma 339 Hebeloma broadwayii 363 Hevea brasiliensis 333 Himantandraceae 335 Hippobroma longiflora 383 Hopea polyalthioides 333 Hydnophytum 317,319,320,325,326 Hydnophytum formicarum 318,320 Hydnophytum mosleyanum 318,320 Hypholoma elatum 346 Dacrydium becarrii 317,318,334 Davallia deparioides 301 Dillenia sp. 333 Dilleniaceae 333 Dipteris conjugata 317 Dipterocarpaceae 316,333,335 Dischidia 319,320,322,325 Dischidia astephana 318,321 Dischidia nummularia 318,326 Dischidia rafflesiana 318 Dracaena sp. 333 Drynaria lomarioides 298 Dysoxylon sp. 333 Imperata cylindrica 318 Inocybe sp. 362 Iridomyrmex 295 Iridomyrmex cordatus 293,319,320 Ischaemum 377 Isotoma longiflora 383 Ixonanthaceae 334 Elaeocarpaceae 335 Ixonanthes becarrii 334 Elaeocarpus culminicola 335 Engelhardtia rigida 335 Ericaceae 317,334,335 Eucalyptopsis sp. 333 Eucalyptus 322 Eucalyptus spp. 318 Eugenia attenuata 334 Knema sp. 334 Lacrymaria 337 Lauraceae 316,334 Laurentia longiflora 383 Lecanopteris Eugenia multibracteosa 318,334 Eugenia spicata 319 Eugenia syzygioides 333 Euphorbiaceae 333 Fagaceae 334,335 Farinosae 376 Ficus chartacea 334 Ficus sp. 322,333,335 Gaertnera sp. 334 Galbulimima belgaveana 335 Galera “Borneo” 376 Galera 2 375,377 Galera 3 375 Galera crispa 378 Galera fragilis 372 Galera incarnata 374 Galera simulans 378 Galera tenera 376 Ganoderma 337 Garcinia rostrata 334 Garcinia sp. 335 293,295 ,296,301,307,312,313,314, 320,321 ,322,323,324,325,326,333 Lecanopteris balgooyi 293,296, 297 304,307,316, 324,325 Lecanopteris carnosa 293,296,297 304,305,307, 316,317,324,325 Lecanopteris celebica 293,295 296,297 305,307, 316,317,319,322, 324,325 Lecanopteris crustacea 293,295,296,297,300,307, 313,314,316,319,323,325,326,335 Lecanopteris curtisii 293,295,296,297 301,303,307, 309,313,314,316,317,318,319, 324,325,326 Lecanopteris darnaedii 293,295 ,296,298,306,311,313, 314,315,316,317,324 Lecanopteris deparioides 301 Lecanopteris holttumii 296,298,307 ,316,317,321,325 Index to Volume 45 (2) Lecanopteris incurvata 301 Lecanopteris incurvatum 301 Lecanopteris luzonensis 293,296,297 305,307,313 Lecanopteris macleayi 301 Lecanopteris mirabilis 293,295,296,297,298,299 307,313, 914.516,31 7,319 322,923 ,5295926,335 Lecanopteris nieuwenhuisenii 305 Lecanopteris philippinensis 301,307,313,324 Lecanopteris pumila 293,295 ,296,298,305,307,310,313, 314,316,317,319,321 322,324, 325,326,334 Lecanopteris saccata 301 Lecanopteris sarcopus 293,295 296,297 ,298,307,313,314, 315,319,323,324,325,326 Lecanopteris sinuosa 293,295 296,297 ,301,302,307,313, 314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321, 922 323, 324325 326,553 Lecanopteris spinosa 296,298,306,316,317,325 Lecythidaceae 333 Leguminosae 316,335 Leonardoxa africana 316 Leptospermum 322 Leptospermum flavescens 333 Leucocoprinus 375 Linociera sp. 335 Lithocarpus rassa 334 Lithocarpus sp. 334,335 Locellina 371 Locellina 1 371 Locellina sp. 371 Macrometrula 371 Mallocybe sp. 362 Matonia pectinata 317 Matoniaceae 317 Melaleuca 322 Melaleuca spp. 318 Melanthera biflora 383 Meliaceae 316,333 Microsorium 321 Moraceae 333,334,335 Moringa oleifera 383 Moringa pterygosperma 383 Mycena 368 Myristicaceae 334 Myrmecodia 319,320,325 387 Myrmecodia lamii 317 Myrmecodia sp. 326 Myrmecodia tuberosa 318,320 Myrmecophila 296 Myrmecophila sarcopus 300 Myrmecophila sinuosa 301 Myrmecophila ulotheca 298 Myrmecopteris 293,296,298,307 308,323 ,324,325 Myrmecopteris lomarioides 300 Myrmecopteris mirabilis 298 Myrmecopteris sarcopus 300 Myrmecopteris sinuosa 301 Myrmecopteris ulotheca 298 Myrsinaceae 334,335 Myrtaceae 318,319,326,333,334,335 Nauclea orientalis 333 Naucoria 362,379 Naucoria 2b 380 Naucoria 3 363,364,365 Naucoria 3a 364 Naucoria5 363 Naucoria 7 365 Naucoria arenicola 360 Naucoria semiorbicularis 365 Nodulososporae 371,372 Nothofagus 318 Nothofagus grandis 335 Oleaceae 335 Onychium carnosum 295,304 Orchidaceae 326 Palmae 333 Pandanaceae 333 Pandanus sp. 333 Parastemon spicatum 334 Parinari sp. 333 Passifloraceae 316 Pediadeae 360,365 Pelliculariae 375 Pholiotina 378,379 Phymatodes 321 Phymatodes crustacea 300 Phymatodes sinuosa 301 Piliferae 379 Pilosellae 372,375 Planchonella sp. 318,321,333,335 Planchonia sp. 333 Platycerium ridleyi 316 Pleopeltis carnosa 304 Pleopeltis imbricata 298 388 Pleopeltis lomarioides 298,300 Pleopeltis macleayi 301 Pleopeltis sarcopus 300 Pleopeltis sinuosa 301 Ploiarium alternifolium 318,334 Plumeria sp. 333 Pluteolus 366 Podocarpaceae 317,334 Polypodiaceae 293,316,317 Polypodium 296 Polypodium barisanicum 301 Polypodium carnosum 304 Polypodium curtisii 301 Polypodium deparioides 301 Polypodium imbricatum 298 Polypodium incurvatum 301 Polypodium lecanopteris 304 Polypodium lomarioides 298,300 Polypodium mirabile 298 Polypodium naviculare 301 Polypodium patelliferum 301 Polypodium sarcopus 300 Polypodium sauvinierei 300 Polypodium sinuosum 301 Polypodium ulotheca 298 Proteaceae 333 Prunus sp. 334 Psathyrella 337,338,346,352, 353,354,376 Psathyrella flavidifolia 337,338,339 Psathyrella malayana 337 ,338,339,340,341 342,345,346, 347 348,352,353 Psathyrella michiganense 376 Psathyrella nigeriensis 337,352,353 Psathyrella retispora 338,340,341 ,342,345,346,347 349,352,353 ,354,355 Psathyrella rugocephala 339 Psathyrella sarcocephala 376 Psathyrella splendens 337 338,339,341 342,344,346, 347 ,350,352,353,354,356 Psathyrella trechispora 340,352,353 Psathyrella verrucispora 337 ,338,342,344,346,347,351, 352353,354,357 Psathyrella verrucispora var. minima 345,346 Pseudoconocybe nodulosospora 371 Pternandra coerulescens 318 Quercus lineata 334 SAN ae | Prt. : es, Gard. Bull. Sing. 45 (1993) Rhododendron spp. 317 Rhododendron wrayii 335 Rhodoleia championii 334 Rosaceae 334 Rubiaceae 333,334,335 Russula 375 Sapotaceae 333,335 Saurauia sp. 335 Schefflera sp. 333,335 Shorea albida 316,319,335 Singerella 370,371,375 Sterculia sp. 333 Sterculiaceae 333 Stropharia 337,344 Stropharia umbonata 344 Swietenia mahagoni 384 Swietenia mahogani 384 Symingtonia populnea 334 Syzygium sp. 335 Theaceae 333,334 Theobroma cacao 321,333 Timonius flavescens 319,334 Timonius timon 318,333 Toona sp. 333 Tristania merguensis 319 Tristania obovata 319,334 Tristania spp. 318 Vaccinium bancanum 334 Vaccinium spp. 317,334,335 Volvaria 371 Volvariella 371 Wedelia biflora 383 Weinmannia blumei 334 Weinmannia ledermanni 335 Xylocarpus sp. 333 pe ee te wh kee 2 : eS Pe ght soe bar ch CRM PEGE Me FUP OFS e : Koaretele ‘ ay ‘ Wh oD FA Se A ow iee ea