AG Pies i AEA af. ah ff 5 MEE ing ty : incite adie Seer RS iy Rw hee tear aes ‘ a ; ay aoe P ire pip, Mets Re Hide a at Reta ene aed Coa er sire Bees a, “t 2u on Wee Ske g % m ee ye dae or my a Mea De Eee SOT irae < WNBA, 16 & aegh Lor ? ie sae ALBER? R. MANN LIBRARY TEA CORNELL UNIVERSITY DEMCO 38-297 31924 055 253 920 _— i am ae | + * eel, id = AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DESIGNED FO EXPEDITE PUBLICATION OF RESEARCH: ON TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OF PUNGI & LICHENS eS REX | oe | - oe March 1984 CONTENTS. Studies in ne ee tly Bs the Tong-spored, _lignicolous a of Lachnum. — J. i. HAINES ‘and k, lige DUMONT Ascosphaera species: inciting chalkbrood _ in North America and A UTARONORNC KG as sau es wees -- JOAN B. ROSE, | | : MARTHA CHRISTENSEN, aac WILLIAM 7. WILSON Notice: NS and [APT Special Committee Meetings — at IMCS. “ Studies in- ‘the ‘Pezizaceae. 1. Introduction, oe Peziza apiculata and ite relatives .....-...0.0; GERALD | HIRSCH Notice: XIV International Botanical Comgreses oes, a Mollicarpus, gen. nov. (Polyporaceae) with notes on j _Coriolopsis byrsina, Phellinus crocatus, and Polystictus crocatus var. sibiricus — ete eee GINNS _ A Tuber from Nova Scotia. “K, A. HARRISON, KELLY A. GRATTO, and D. W. GRUND Coniochaeta nepalica, a common Long Island soil fungus i ve! = vals in * coe ew 2 =. os ce ayant ee au genre Dees es hen leaf spot ee Marssonina balsamiferac, on Populus balsamifera in Manisa and Ontario. “YASUYUKI HIRATSUKA Type Studies in the ec ae 15, species described by is ‘Oo; ee ae alone or with J. L. Lowe, | | a LL. RYVARDEN and R. EL. GILBERTSON The Sa natoue hyphomycete Morrisographium pilosum (Earle) Morelet synonymous with a “coelomycete," “Cornularia” persicae (Schw.) Sacc. W. 1. TILLMAN and G. P. WHITE Wood decay fungi of Costa Rica. J. CARRANZA and J. A. SAENZ R. [CONTENTS continued overleaf | ISSN 0093-4666 MYXNAE 19 1-560 (1984) eterna BoE. GOCHENAUR two new ‘Tricladium ppecice from mountain streams. Oe LUDMILA MARVANOVA bee des types. de Peck et de Murrill appartenant ou i JACQUES oe or 133 ne 165 151 Published quarterly by MYCOTAXON, Ltd., P.O. Box 264, Ithaca NY 14851 For subscription details, availability in microfilm and microfiche, and availability of articles as tear sheets, see back cover CONTENTS continued Koorchaloma, Koorchalomella, and Kananascus gen. nov. T. R. NAG RAJ Flora neotropica I. Some lignicolous polypores from Venezuela .cccccccccvccsccveveceeseses EDSON C. SETLIFF An index to fungal names and epithets sanctioned by PersOon ANd Fri€S ..ccccsscccscseceseccecesscces W. GAMS Resolution of varietal relationships within the species Hansenula anomala, Hansenula bimundalis, and Pichia nakazawae through comparisons of DNA FEIGTOGNEES 20 ccd eabeetdasneeeneaewncees C. P. KURTZMAN The genus Brasiliomyces (Erysiphaceae) .. RU-YONG ZHENG Helicomyces torquatus, a new hyphomycete from Panama. L. ©. LANE and ©. A. SHEARER Spot tests for detection of tyrosinase ... CURRIE D. MARR New or interesting microfungi XIII. Ascomycetes on Laurus nobilis leaf litter 2... .ccccecccceees P. M. KIRK Cylindrodendrum album Bonorden a pleoanamorphic semiaquatic hyphomycete. NATHALIE BUFFIN and G. L. HENNEBERT New species, new varieties, and a new record of : Psilocybe from Brazil ...ccccssavewees GASTON GUZMAN, VERA LUCIA BONONI, and ROSELY ANA PICCOLO GRANDI New records of false truffles in pine forests of Arizona. JACK S. STATES Taxonomic notes on some powdery mildews (III). UWE BRAUN Descriptions of new species and combinations in Micro— sphaera and Erysiphe (V) .....csscssecsccses UWE BRAUN A new species of the genus Flosculomyces. SILVANO ONOFRI The genus Candelabrochaete (Corticiaceae) in North America and a note on Peniophora mexicana. HAROLD H. BURDSALL, Jr. On rhizoids of Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae). STANISLAW BALAZY Notice: MYCOTAXON 20-volume Cumulative Index, 1974-1984. Latericonis, a new genus of dematiaceous hyphomycetes. VASANT RAO, K. ADINARAYANA REDDY, and G. S. DE HOOG The lichen flora of Navajo National Monument, Arizona. GLEN T. NEBEKER and LARRY L. ST. CLAIR Peziza pileocrocata Crouan & Crouan, a synonym of Arachnopeziza aurelia (Pers. : Fr.) Fuckel. RICHARD P. KORF Some fungi of Cercospora complex from Burma. MAUNG MYA THAUNG Three new marine Phytophthora species from New South Wales scsseues L. GERRETTSON-CORNELL and J. SIMPSON A new pileate species of Junghuhnia (Polyporaceae). SILVIA N. BLUMENFELD and JORGE E. WRIGHT [CONTENTS continued inside back cover] 167 213 219 271 281 291 299 307 323 343 351 369 375 385 389 397 408 409 413 423 425 453 471 MYCOTAX. AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DESIGNED TO EXPEDITE PUBLICATION OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI & LICHENS UT OUINLIEM, bony Oe Lae cen Leo 8 o4 LIBRARY ITHACA, N.Y. 14853 -rBbz2 1984 COMPLETE JT N (ONES OUARTERLY TSSUE CONSISTING (OF Pay tie 60 e PAGES INCLUDING FIGURES CO-EDI TORS Gita HENNE BERT French Language Editor & Book Review Editor Laboratoire de Mycologie systématique et appliquée Université de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium RICHARD? Pu KORE English Language Editor & Managing Editor Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, USA SUSAN C. GRUFF Assistant Editor & Index Editor Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, USA Published by MYCOTAXON, eT Ds, P.O. BOX: 264. 1THACA NY PAS 51. Printed in the United States of America USA TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME NINETEEN January-March 1984 Studies in the Hyaloscyphaceae III: the long-spored ligni- colous species of Lachnum, J. H. HAINES & K. P. DUMONT.. Ascosphaera species inciting chalkbrood in North America and a taxonomic key, JOAN B. ROSE, MARTHA CHRISTENSEN, BOLL TAMRAS WL GON ASG cicc sre ae tee Oreinie ele le W ta lets molec ae alee igre ats Notice: IMA and IAPT Special Committee meetings at IMC3..... Studies in the Pezizacede. 1. Introduction. 2. Peziza apiculata and its relatives, GERALD HIRSCH................. Notice: XIV International Botanical Congress............se008. Mollicarpus, gen. nov. (Polyporaceae) with notes on Coriolopsis byrsina, Phellinus crocatus, and Polystictus erocatus' Var. ‘sibiricus, JIGINNS 3. i6's A sre erstes 6 a clevelniee ets wise 6s Ay Tauber: from—Nova.~- Scotia; K.« Az) ‘HARRISON; KELLYAAs Ce ATED petSC Dia a Wise GRUND solace cru tenatelare slalovel els! o el eyorchetsi hens} iecahetatansiel ss Coniochaeta nepalica, a common Long Island soil fungus, SHE OOO UNAUR sialge clear ere re(aicvake eters oleleeimie teretche tale rata lonwjotaiala sxe Two new Tricladium species from mountain streams, UA MARA NOVA:cicpete te erst eel oc ato viele ype wie a) eubrala, clave) n(n jaleceieite'e eos e, = Etudes des types de Peck et de Murrill appartenant ou ayant appartenu au genre Melanoleuca, JACQUES PFISTER... New leaf spot fungus, Marssonina balsamiferae, on Populus balsamifera in Manitoba and Ontario, YASUYUKI HIRATSUKA. Type studies in the Polyporaceae 15, species described by L. 0. Overholts, ‘either alone’ or with; J." LD. *,Lowe; Blea RW DENG AScpiele o> Leip GLB ERT SONS sacievars clelela eine, ware ete lela eter eds The synnematous hyphomycete Morrisographium pilosum (Earle) Morelet synonymous with a "'coelomycete,"' "Cornularia" persicae (Schw.) Sacc., W. I. ILLMAN & Wood decay fungi of Costa Rica, J. CARRANZA & J. A. SEIN Zu alee te avtiors te ovet one a Canela pate a stelelales aie ele’ ste suis See elereaaiee o's és Koorchaloma, Koorchalomella, and Kananascus gen. nov., Diese MN aa REN tora tove to eterna gue acer elnlel'e this! Wiis lovers ete a eet cree ete ta a Tete ee ge 3 Flora neotropica I. Some lignicolous polypores from MOMG ZC dirt) SON Cub Os UL dd Ar aiel chal a Gale wide eles Shelone Senta eters ee: siele An index to fungal names and epithets sanctioned by PSCCOOM Ati tris 547, We OA Noaptea ciee sretaliers ie racelateretat a eletadeteretate teers els Resolution of varietal relationships within the species Hansenula anomala, Hansenula bimundalis, and Pichia nakazawae through comparisons of DNA relatedness, ee eR UCL LAMININ chee Sta\ehe, « Riper ance Gre maseteher a iotehglld a ate pietiate tee attiate ates 60's The genus Brasiliomyces (Erysiphaceae), RU-YONG ZHENG...... Helicomyces torquatus, a new hyphomycete from Panama, Aer Re PEIN MONG a GA alt OLLEUINE Rivwers eistevern hetero. nie aig a ain tein, alate ai o¥s tolls Spol-testssfor detection) of “tyrosinase, CURRIE D.oMARR.. i. 05. New or interesting microfungi XIII. Ascomycetes on Laurus NODLUS Pleat paibter =<. F 2 UN a UR Its ate eave oie etcate ee lolate etna cieee tee ovals Cylindrodendrum album Bonorden a pleoanamorphic semi- aquatic hyphomycete, NATHALIE BUFFIN & G. L. HENNEBERT New species, new varieties, and a new record of Psilocybe from Brazil, GASTON GUZMAN, VERA LUCIA BONONI, & ROSE EVEN DE ct OG On eG RAND) Havers le Work fetta ielinle seca stele esryoetaenindie ais New records of false truffles in pine forests of Arizona, PG Mees EAA eyethiee sate fala "os alstale s Winictnteteie. ai) a\a70 «jo wiat'e’ gfe Ge poke) a. 101 133 13,/ 145 Lat 167 LN, PAS, Zi 281 Zo 293 307 ane 343 351 Lv Taxonomic notes on some powdery mildews (III), UWE BRAUN.. Descriptions of new species and combinations in Micro- sphaera and .Erysiphe) (V)sc UWE. BRAUNs i. as. ee vs nace ew cen A new species of the genus Flosculomyces, SILVANO ONOFRI... The genus Candelabrochaete (Corticiaceae) in North Ameri- ca and a note on Peniophora mexicana, HAROLD H. BURSA Ts Wu Fai ie eel ta an cieetel's ate aca ls ay SM fo! oP): wile ih alkali Polattali bette tale 6 teres hana On rhizoids of Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae), STANISLAW BALAZY. Notice: MYCOTAXON 20-volume Cumulative Index, 1974-1984..... Latericonis, a new genus of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, VASANT RAO, K. ADINARAYANA “REDDY, & G. S. DE HOOG..... The lichen flora of Navajo National Monument, Arizona, GLENS Te] NEBERER sao CARRY 3.9 ST... \CEAUR Cinco bieteters @ ernanere Peziza pileocrocata Crouan & Crouan, a synonym of Arach- nopeziza aurelia (Pers. : Fr.) Fuckel, RICHARD P. KORF... Some fungi of Cercospora complex from Burma, MAUNG MYA THAIN oe cli ovsdnt ay ciglicr ss ob al eitoy oheviodacyelinn ay 8) Suet al'eohwiel ele es of aie tale atte ines ola teLe etal etalala Three new marine Phytophthora species from New South Wales, L. GERRETTSON-CORNELL & J. SIMPSON... .cseseecees A new pileate species of Junghuhnia (Polyporaceae), SILVIA UN.) BLUMENFELD) & JORGE EB. (WRIGHT ye tee reteists eee oes Santessonia (Lecanorales, Buelliaceae) in the Namib Desert (South West Africa), EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX & DIRK WESSELS. Notes on Corticiaceae (Basidiomycetes) XII1, KURT HJORTSTAM. Effetia, a new genus of ascomycetes from tropical forest soils, ANTONELLA BARTOLI, ORIANA MAGGI, & ANNA NEATRAGVIN EER SAN Dcsiietatetevatsce selelierel™ sic lnts. sis alarei niet ol steel sapere Me aie oles 6 elener are Rare or interesting hyphomycetes from tropical forest litter V. Dactylaria fusiformis. Notes on the generic concept of Dactylaria, SILVANO ONOFRI & LAURA ZUCCONI........... Species of Harpellales living within the guts of aquatic diptera larvae, “ROBERT W. LICHT WARD T aoe ie ois skies wis ste ste © ats PUAEOG INDE oe vee iallahar a ale tae Weave: gira e's. Wh Wis te rll at ede ole Ween a’ tor a MU erates te ater EV TAN UETI wa iam Sl ginip laren: nears Wityiamaletelal suelfeuess ies ds tauiebel ete ig sible loge teed ria lei rts Cate . MYCOTAXON: publications Gates 1i0'2) aise swt esr vie ane wala atan anes INDEJG 10° fUN US wat ATC OI LA KG or cies bin tess ih) nieve Worn eparecatel ee es aeoeum cea ROVPOWERS 5.5 cp ants sveiei Ure, sles aeuaus, whkeseloteie: ovale is” ol ucat wiles wis a Oly gabe site abecs sifelekecte 369 oe 385 389 O77 408 409 413 423 425 453 471 479 503 515 D238 geo Sol 553 553 554 560 MYCOTAXON Vows, MRIX ipo) 1s39 January-March 1984 STUDIES IN THE HYALOSCYPHACEAE III: THE LONG-SPORED, LIGNICOLOUS SPECIES OF LACHNUM Je Hi HAENES «© at Btologteal Survey, New York State Museum The State Educatton Department Albany, New York 12230 K > Pa DUMONT. The New York Botanteal Garden Bronx, New York 10458 ABSTRACT The tropical, long-spored, lignicolous species of Lachnum (=Dasyscyphus, Erinella) are revised. Nine taxa, including one new species, one new name and seven new combinations are described from type material. Sixteen additional types of species treated as synonyms were examined. More than 400 collections, many of which were made by the authors, were examined. The genera Erinella and Erioscyphella are lectotypified and Dasyscyphella, Erioscypha, and Erinellina are discussed. Lectotypes are also chosen for Peziza leucophaea Berk. & Curt., EFrinella subcorticalis Pat., Cenangium brasiliense Mont., Peziza Simillima Berk. & Br. and Erinella cognata Pat. An explanation is proposed for the large number of synonyms for these tropical taxa. A new combination is also proposed for Belonidium chusqueae Pat. INTRODUCTION Most temperate species of Hyaloscyphaceae have asco- spores less than 15 um in length, and those of many tropical species exceed 30 um and may be as much as 130 um. Several attempts to segregate these tropical species into a genus of their own has led to nomenclatorial and taxo- nomic confusion. It is convenient to speak of ''the long-spored tropical species of Lachnum" as if it were a well-defined taxonomic * Published as New York State Museum Journal Sertes no. 406. category, but spore length proves to be too unreliable to be the basis of sound generic distinctions. Even though many species are separated by differences in spore length, it is impossible to find a distinct break between the Short-spored temperate species and the long-spored tropical ones. For example: the predominantly temperate Lachnum apalum (Berk. & Br.) Nannf. has spores distinctly longer, 35-45 um, than those of the exclusively tropical Dasyscyphus albtdulus var. longisporus Dennis which has spores 18-25 um. In the opinion of the authors both of these species are congeneric with the type of Lachnum and also with the lectotype of Frtoscypheltta which is the nomenclatorially available name for "long-spored tropical species." REVIEW OF GENERA The long-spored species have most recently been treated ins Dasyscyphus SS. Fs Gray. inthe sense of (RR. Wi 4G, Dennis (1949, 1954), but recent changes in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature which abolish later starting dates: (Kort, 1982) necessitate that Daeyscypnus: be replaced by Laehnum for all but D. ceritnus (Pers.) Fkl. Before the transfers of the species included in this study are made, it is relevant to recount the taxonomy and nomenclature of the scolecosporous Hyaloscyphaceae to clarify the position of the genera in which they have been treated (see fig. l for a summary). Erinella Quélet (Echiridion Fung: 301. 1886) was erected, but a type species was not selected, and it in- cluded amongst its original species the type species of Dasyscyphus S. F. Gray, of Lachnum Retzius and of Atractobolus Tode. It was superfluous when published (Article 63 of the International Code of Botanical Nomen- clature) and should be rejected in favor of the earliest of its three synonyms, Lachnum. Even though Frinella Quél. is superfluous, it still needs a type species with which to define the genus in any future discussions. The species Evinella pirgtnea Batsch: Fri). Quél, €=Phezt2a virginea Batsch: Fr.) is hereby selected as the lectotype of Erinella Quél. This fits the original concept of the genus and makes it clearly a taxonomic synonym of Lachnum Retz. In his system of taxonomy based on spore characters, Saccardo (1889) used Erinella for scolecosporus Dasyscyphae and Trichopezizae and ascribed it to himself with the reference "Vix Quél."" Saccardo included 19 species none of which were included in Quélet's original publication. In his attempt to rectify Quélet's error, Saccardo clearly created a later homonym, and the lectotypification of Erinella Sacc. by Clements and Shear (1931) does not change that fact. One can only speculate as to why Saccardo used a name which he knew to be a synonym (Saccardo, 1884). Perhaps he got the idea from a paper by Patouillard and Gaillard (1888) in which they published four new species of Erinella Quél. from the Upper Orinoco region of Venezuela, all of which had long spores. It was probably not Patouillard and Gaillard's intention to exclude short- spored species of Ertnella, but they found only long- spored species in this region. Whatever the reason, Erinella in any sense is still unavailable for use. Un- fortunately, until very recently, it has been used by at least a dozen authors, and there are several tropical species which only have epithets in Frinella. Several of these species will receive new combinations in this study. Dasyscyphella Tranzschel (Hedwigia 38: 11,1899), was the next genus adopted for the long-spored tropical Hyaloscyphaceae. It was based on the single new species, D. cassandrae from Russia and was distinguished from Lachnella Fr. and Dasyscypha Fkl. by its long spores and from Frinella Sacc. by having filiform rather than lanceo- late paraphyses. Dasyscyphella was used in this sense by several authors including Cash (1948) and von Hohnel (1909). It was not until recently that the type species of Dasyscyphella was reexamined by Raitviir (1970) who dis- covered it to have glandular-tipped hairs like those of Lachnum niveum (Hedw.) Karst. Raitviir has transferred L. ntveum and several related species to Dasyscyphella and has used the genus in the same sense as R. W. G. Dennis's Dasyscypha section IX, Wiveae (Dennis 1949). Erioseypha Kirchsteim (Ann... Mycol, .S6:)1(3830 7193s). was proposed for species that differed from Dasyscyphella in having green-colored ascospores. This character, if it exists at all, seems to have little taxonomic value at the generic level. Uncorrected optics, like those used before the mid-twentieth century cause small hyaline objects to appear green. It was, perhaps, the optics and not the spores that led authors to describe them as "chlorinus" or "viridulus."' Korf (1978) reexamined the holotype of £. krtegertana Kirschst. and chose it as the lectotype of the genus. He then placed Ertoscypha into synonymy with Dasyscyphus (sensu Dennis, 1949) and noted that it is re- lated to species in Belontdtum subgenus Phaeobelontdtum. Raitviir (1980) further subdivided his segregate genera and used Lastobelontum Ellis & Everh. for the species of Belontditum with pigmented and roughened hair-walls and with compact, parallel hyphae in the medulary excipulum. He treated Ertoscypha as a synonym based on Korf's study, but did not transfer its type species into Lastobelontum. Whether one takes Korf's broad concept of Dasyscyphus (=Lachnum) or the narrower concept of Raitviir's segregate genera, or even if one wishes to use Ertoscypha for long- spored species of Lastobelonium, the long-spored, tropical species still do not have a genus of their own. Ertoscyphella Kirschst. (Ann. Mycol. 36: 384, 1938), was proposed at the same time as Ertoscypha to include species which differed from Frinella in having colored spores, and from Erioscypha in having lanceolate, rather than filiform paraphyses. Even though, as pointed out by Korf (1978), Ertoseypheltla was based on a superficial feature it was validly published and contained two species, EB. tongiepora (Karst)) Kirschst:). and £.odbambusetna (Brees 2 Kirschst. Ertoseyphella longtspora (=Lachnum longtsporum Karst.) is a later synonym of Peziza abnormte Mont. and & longtspora is here selected as the lectotype of Ertosecyphella Kirschst. The second species, Frinella bambustna Bres., is a later synonym for Belontdtum chusqueae Pat. which is a good species of Lachnum. A revised list of nomenclatural and taxonomic synonyms is presented here: LACHNUM CHUSQUEAE (Pat.) Haines & Dumont comb. nov. =Belontdtum chusqueae Patouillard, Bull. Soc. Mycol (trance) Lhs 2iscwisooe =Erinella bambustna Bresadola, Hedwigia 35: 296. 1896. =Ertocyphella bambusina (Bres.) Kirschst., Ann. Mycol, 36: 384... 1938. =Dasyscyphus bambusitnus (Bres.) Dennis (as Dasyscypha bambustna) Kew Bull. 1954: 301. 1954. =Dasyscyphella appressa Cash, Univ. Iowa Stud. Not Hist sks tea TA LO Ses =Fritnellina appressa (Cash) Seaver, N. Amer. Cup-Fungei Clnopere.), (pe 292. 1952. =Dasyscyphus appressus (Cash) Le Gal (as Dasycypha appressa) Discomy. Madagascar, Dine to edOao When the lectotype of Ertoscyphella is compared with the type of Lachnum, L. virgtneum (Batsch.), it appears at first glance that they are sufficiently distinct to warrant separate genera. The ectal excipulum of £. longtspora is short-celled textura prismatica, and its spores are 40-60 um long, while the ectal excipulum of LZ. vtrgineum is hyaline, long-celled textura prismatica and its spores 8-10: um: long. «The difficulty lies in the inability, when confronted by large amounts of tropical and temperate material, to find a break in the continuum of spore sizes and excipulum characteristics between the two type species. Thus, Ertoscyphetla is treated here as a later taxonomic synonym of Lachnum. If at a future time the long-spored tropical species can be satisfactorily distinguished from Lachnum, Ertosecyphella is the valid name to be used. Ertnelltna Seaver (N. Amer. Cup-Fungi (Inoperc.) p. 290, 1951) was a name proposed for EFritnella Sacc. not Erineltla Quel. Seaver tried to correct Saccardo's error, but he was apparently unaware of Kirschstein's Ertoscyphella “IS6I-6LLZ1 eVva0eydAoSoTeAy pezods-3uo[T oy} FO YUSWVeT. 94. JO ATeUUNS “T ‘SBTY "AOU "WOU JOABVOG YUI77 Auld ‘qasyorty vydhosotdy *Z2UPLY p77 eydhoshsnvg "ISyOSITY 077aydhoso1wy “D0BC OI 7TeUutAg sozods pero[oo seszods outTedAy soezods parlotoo sozods sutptedAy “zuBI], V1,aydhoshsng saeskydesed "2089 277] euU1aq Seskydesed WIOJTTTF YIM SoTtToeds O1eTOsoUeT YIM Soetoeds D1,auyovT ¥» vYydhoshsng "DOCG 07 7 eutag setosds pezods-410ys Sotoods porods-suot "Z19OY wnuyovoyd = ‘Tan® 07171 au20g "Z1OY wnuyovoyd TS6L SE6L 6681 6881 S8st 6LLT STU.rIOUge eSueTTtTserg esueTTTIsvig STWIOUGe OSUSTTTSBIq STUIOUqe asusT[TTserq SsTuroUqe STUIOUgqe STuUIOUqe OeSuUdTTISeaq sTwrouqe asueTTtTseigq esusT[TTserq aSUSTTTSeIg ° aver (ary) (ene KON (ah TON fer MOy MO} jer eYyoTrl}O1939Y BUBOTIF® Be 1eUusoOd eT [outag eT [outag eT [eutag snuetze .e0r1yos snydfkosdseg snzodsoizuests snydAoskseq STSUSTIOZOG euvoyyoszed SUT TTOQest VAT [QWOSUBT [OAR BLOOT RIO) ST[TWTS eT [eutiq el TouTsg el TeutTag el TeuTag el LeuTag BT 1Lourag wniodstsuo, wnuyoey (DX, RON MOR? i sfeey ide) STUIOUG®B Soetoeds poos setoeds poos yo wAuoudg SWIT[TTWIS BZlzodg eLesoptydesl eztzog BIO ELE. OZI Zed eoeeydoonesl ez1tzed esSuseTTTsSeiq wntsueuss,. STWIOUGe BZTZOd eUeN SeToeds “6LGI-GE8L ‘asua7z7svagq “7 Ttseagd BOTATY ednotepeny [Ttseig Ttsesd eAep Ttseag Ttsesd Ttsesg eTput Ttsesd Ttseisg uoT A990 eqng eqn) ueder Ttseigd eTtuo AYTT B90" addy, pue s2wicouqv TIesstnd peerqpttH ssnq eTN 9TN uewAN YOVON ouT eI ouTeN SsTquey TOTLOW OTUTBM SOoUTeMUL ZUSTIM ZUSTIM ZUSTIM TTSPPeMmM 0191 10qg IO1DET TOO 6T6L OT6L €O06L OO6T OO6T 6681 6681 6681 668T 8681 968T 6881 GL8T 898T 898T O98 9S8T Ses 21%q euTAUaeSIY uTT19q STI@d uT[Ttoqg uT[T4oq uT[T49q ur[toqd WLOYYoo rs WTOYYOO YS MOY aoue dy TYUTSTOH MOY MOY MOY MOY STICd STIed UOT BOOT YOM s,1ouyny unuyooyT JO ALOYSTY ODTWOUOX*BY *So0dg MOpAS “Jed wysy wyey “uusyH “d ‘uuoH ‘d "QIBYS “Qte yg sessey *sorg ASE “yLog “LO “FIO “ytod *UON *7{UON IOYINY °“T WTEVi and merely created a later taxonomic synonym. Seaver's type species, E. stmillima (Berk. & Br.) Seaver (=Peztza stmtllima Berk. & Br.) is a later synonym for Cenangium brastltense Mont. HISTORICAL REVIEW OF SPECIES Just as the taxonomy of this group has been confused at the generic level, it has also been confused at the species level. Large numbers of taxa were described by authors who had never seen tropical fungi in the field, but had received them from collectors who had little taxonomic knowledge of the fungi they were collecting. Often the colors or crystal formations on the specimens were changed by the hot, wet climate or by the methods used to preserve them from decay, such as soaking them in fluids. There was such a flurry of Activity in; collecting tropical funer at the turn of the century that mycologists in several European institutions were Simultaneously describing the same species from the neotropics and the other tropical regions. Table 1 reviews the taxonomic history of two common tropical species that were described many times. The table also accentuates the fact that none of these authors collected the fungi that they described as new, nor is there any indication that. they ever saw those fungi in their natural habitat. Several authors differentiated white species from brown species. In two cases, Berkeley (1868 in table 1) and Starbdack (1899 in table 1), authors described the same species from the same locality twice. In both cases the difference was based on color, and the authors described young material and old material as different species. All of the other "species" were based on collections sent from different locations by different collectors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have observed and collected the lignicolous species of Lachnum many times in different tropical regions. It is probable that the amount of discomycete material gathered in the 1970's in connection with the Flora Neotropica project is the largest ever assembled. For other papers based on this material see Haines (1980) & Haines & Dumont (1983). For the sake of economy of space in this paper, only Key specimens such as types, exsiccati, and other specimens which have been previously cited or which significantly ex- tend the range of the species, have been included in the lists of specimens examined.* All of this material was dried by warm air within hours of being collected. Material * Complete lists of Flora Neotropica spectmens examined are avatlable on request from the authors and will be publtshed tn the forthcoming FLORA NEOTROPICA monograph on the Hyaloscyphaceae. dried in this manner has posed no problem in separating the white-haired and brown-haired species, but there was con- siderable difficulty in determining the hair color of some specimens collected by others. The difficulty was not correlated with age, but apparently with the way the specimens were dyed or preserved. Some specimens were apparently painted with or immersed in aqueous or alcoholic solutions containing various preservatives. For the present study, all comparisons of hair color were made on preparations which were revived in 3% KOH and mounted in clear lactophenol for at least a month. Final measurements of spores, hairs, asci and paraphyses were made from material treated this way and from material mounted directly in 3% KOH. The species included here can be dis- tinguished by their spores alone, and through recently collected material the hair-color associated with each spore type was determined. With this information the hair-color of even the most poorly preserved material can be inferred. It became evident that the pigmentation of the hairs after they had been aged in lactophenol was more reliable than observations of the unrevived material or even the informa- tion in the original descriptions. There are discrepancies between the number of septa in spores described in the older literature and those observed by the authors. They are frequently difficult to observe, and some spores form additional septa just prior to germina- tion. The best time to observe septa is when spores are mature but stillsin thevascus... This occurs before’ mostvo. the refractive matter (lipid bodies) is formed. Septa are eaSily observed after the spores have been immersed over- night in 3% KOH with phloxine stain. Measurements of narrow cells such as spores, paraphyses and asci were made on material left in KOH less than an hour. Cell walls are made elastic and overly wide measurements will result when studying material left in KOH too long. THE LIGNICOLOUS SPECIES The use of substrate to delimit the species treated in this work: may, seems at. Tirst.” an artilieval criterion ous it has become clear from this study that the nine species described here do form a closely related group. Further, other Lachnum species on different substrates apparently are not closely related to this grouping. They are a con- Spicuous. part of the tropical. fungus-flora and may be.as prevalent in the tropics as L. vtrgtneum (Batsch) Fr. and its relatives are in temperate regions. These tropical and temperate groups are not known to occur sympatrically, but in their respective regions they are found on similar kinds of woody substrates, and it is probable that their ecological functions are very similar. The species covered in this paper are probably found in-all tropical regions of the world, and in some cases a Single species is known from dis- tant geographical areas in Asia, Africa and the neotropics. Relatively little is known about the host specificity of tropical species of Lachnum due to the lack of host LdevTLI1CcaLLons. tor the. majority or coliections:: It, is known that a single host can support more than one species of Lachnum. There are several collections in which a single piece of substrate has two distinct species growing in close Proximity . Some species studied in this work appear to exhibit altitudinal preference. Although collections of commonly collected species such as L. abnormts are known from sea level 10 cal. 3500 “Mm it, “together with: i. ~dteum; ifs cyphellotdes, and L. attenuatum, is commonly found between 1200-1600 meters. Lachnum selerotti and L. brastlense are most prevalent under 1500 meters. JLachnum calosporum, L. lLagerhetmitt, and L. patena are most common between 2300-3700 m in the paramos and cloud forests. The species with the shortest spores are found at the lowest elevations and those with the longest spores at the highest. No reason for this phenomenon is proposed. Several collections of £2. cinormts, Lactndteum, L. Secleroritd, and, %. pbrasttvense were seen in which the apothecia were heavily parasitized by a Nectrta species. This Nectria is an undescribed species which will be pub- lished in the near future (C. T. Rogerson, personal communi- cation). The parasite infects the apothecium of its host and prevents most ascus formation by developing over the hymenium and margins. There is no apparent preference of this Neetria for any one species of Lachnum, but it is so far known only from the species treated in this paper. KEY TO THE TROPICAL, LONG-SPORED, LIGNICOLOUS SPECIES OF LACHNUM 1, Spores 25-32 x 2.3-3.0 um, fusiform, mostly 3~septate, apothecia with buff hairs, hairs often tipped with amber- COMOTCUY TES LE MASSES) arise ele oe ee hoe We hye SOLeMOrl TL, 1'.Spores longer than 32 um, not with the above combina- LOE UO LE 1 CIP AGG Gn Baltes IME hayes Brahe mine gate NOR eke aif aw ioe Pps 2. opOres averaging “less: than’ 65 wm Longe Ogee te is 3. Spores fusiform, tapered at both ends, 34-48 x 1.8-2.9 um, mostly non-septate, hairs white, apotheciavotten witha blue-black -base : 04...) Pere aA SR Pe Nee) ecg in 9 ae ae I, Ge pradetlience. 3'.Spores clavate or cylindrical: with one tapered CHO ACSEDE AOU 48k ie ates Wrote A eee ma ea ric aoa hat ws 4. 4. Spores cylindrical with one tapered end, ADOLNEE LA: Sib ee Dae ci Gan ee Oe Wig Rk ew Sel ae 10 5. Apothecia with at least some brown or buff hairs on the stipe, base of stipe sometimes brown-black, spores 40-60 um long, commonly CASSCDUALES Jitosa: a x allleos dur halo A Renee lata ahem elone On 6. Spores averaging less than 2 um wide, Haars Sieh ty rOown: s.04 5) LS Leen @DNORM LS. 6'.Spores averaging more than 2 um wide, hairs medium to dark Drown, . a... umueces Bs ses SINT 7 sR Ra es eet ae BAU YR 2. bi tRoOLeums 5'.Apothecia with grey-green hairs, base of stipe often blue-black, spores 49-65 x 1.2- 2. Ooi MOSMLy "l=SCP LAC) hiv. chelsea enna ned see ise SR ie taints Beatie GAC! Laka rol lag AHS 7. Le lagerhermen, o''.Apothecia with white hairs throughout, stipe with white base, spores 32-45 x 1.2-1.7 um, O-, l- or 3-septate, hairs often tipped with clear resin masses ...< 6. 7h. cyphellotdee 4' Spores clavate with one end attenuate, apo- thecia sessile, spores 39-54 x 3.0-4.2 um, up to 7-septate, apothecia usually less than C52) CARINE CLL AME) ac tenet van si Teel eu tioies ete Oo. LL. attenuatun. Zisopores) averaging: more than Go: vm LON ey oi sae: scereue his 7. Apothecia with light brown hairs, often tipped with small, amber resin masses, stipe often with brownish black base, spores 80-100 um, cylindri- cal with one tapered end, up to 17-septate Metra crt al cers conse Mec sk Abas eben tee an canon ts 4. G. ecaltosporum, 7' .Apothecia with white hairs, often agglutinated by large masses of white matter, base of stipe usually white, spores fusiform with both ends acute, usually O- or 1-septate, 60-90 um long WL Wiha ROL ait ee othe eer al earch Seti al ke Pen cu ak Pe eee 80 (De pabema: 1. LACHNUM ABNORMIS (Mont.) Haines & Dumont, comb. nov. Foe OSes =Peziza abnormts Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. Deno OO oOo. : =(rvtenopeztz2a ‘abnormts: (Mont.):Sace., Syll.. Fungs.ce 429. 1889. =Dasyscyphus abnormts (Mont,.,)) Dennis, Kew, Buble? 220) enlLOOSe =Peztza lLeucophaea Berkeley & Curtis, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts AWE2 82/1860... (none Pestza Leucophaed (Persia) Ny Lae wore Saultskerhaunar Pie evenn. Fohr. LOS) BG One) serine Llacbeneophaed,. (Berk... &-Curte) Sace.s0 ovr. Pune. Soe A 1 BSO-. =Lachnum tongtsporum Karsten, Hedwigia 28: 191. 1889. SRrinuellawlongiepora (Karst) Saccl.\\oybh. ) hangar 507. 1889): =Ertosecyphella tongtepora (Karst...) Kirschstein, Ann, My Colo roon. LOSS. =Frinellina longtspora (Karst.) Seaver, N. Amer. Cup- Fung “GlnopercG.)) py) 2934 1990)", 11 =Frinella corttcola Massee, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1898: 115. 1898. =Dasyscyphus corttcola (Massee) Dennis, Kew Bull. 15: PAS Wigs BS) Syd be =Erineltltna corticola (Massee) S. C. Teng, Chung-kuo Trchen—chun (Pungei7 or Ching) po. 760> 1964: =Erinella avellaneomellea Starback, Bih. Kongl. Svenska Wevensk. Acad.» handl."2o7Atd.) [Ling Nos 1h 62 1899". =Dasyscyphus avellaneomelleus (Starb.) Dennis (as Dasyscypha avellaneomellea). Kew Bull. 9: 300, 1954. =Erinella tsabellina Starback, Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.- AwAGe Tend La 2oeAtOe i tno Mii Oa LOO. =Dasyscyphella schroetertana Rehm, Hedwigia 39: 95. 1900. =Dasyscyphus schroetertanus (Rehm) Dennis (as Dasyscypha schroeteriana), Kew Bull. 9: 301. 1954. =EMPCHCULA Wereroltricna sper. 4 Bods “Acad.. Nac. Ci.” 232.511. 1919. HOLOTYPE - Bertero 1708, May 1830, Juan Fernandez Is., Chile. On bark in montane forests. The type packet at Kew contains a single piece of tree bark with 15-20 apothecia. The apo- thecia are slightly immature and have considerable insect damage to the hymenia, but are otherwise well preserved and rehydrate well in 3% KOH. No additional original material courd be located at Kor PC. Apothecia scattered to crowded on bark or wood, globose when young, opening to goblet-shape and finally planate at maturity, 0.5-2.5(-3.5) mm diam, externally covered with pale buff to sienna hairs on the underside and pale buff to white hairs at the margin, when hairs abraiding away then causing the apothecium to appear lighter colored, usually without crystaline or resin-like formations on the tips of the hairs, rarely with red water-soluble formations easily observed with a dissecting microscope, stiptate. Stipe variable, measuring from a narrow peg-like process to a stout cylinder as long as the disc is wide, often with a naked, brown-black base, firmly attached, leaving a short stump when broken off. Disc (hymenium) obscured by the in- folded margins of the cup when young, increasingly exposed with maturity, remaining exposed when dried, regularly eircular in outline, buff to orange, generally pale luteus, changing lattle on drying, without color change or ‘con- Spicuous pigment release in 3% KOH. Hairs coyLovu wm Tong, mostly 5=—(O x 1262-35 0) um cylindrical with hemispherical tips, slightly irregular in outline, curved or flexuous, septate, forming cells 8-40 um long, but varying greatly in a single apothecium, covered externally with minute, tightly-adhering granules up to 0.4 um diam., walls thin, to 0.6 um wide, ‘hyaline to ochraceous with transmitted light, always some hairs with pigmented walls and sometimes pigmented contents, often more lightly pigmented or hyaline toward the tips, arising at an angle from the outer-most excipular cells. Marginal hairs often 12 hyaline and longer than the excipular hairs. Sterile tissue composed of several differentiated regions: the innermost or medullary excipulum of very loosely woven, highly branched, hyaline textura intricata composed of thick-walled, long- celled hyphae 1-2 um diam; the subhymenium, between the hymenium and medullary excipulum, a layer of compact textura composed of thin-walled, short-celled hyphae with indis- tinctly formed croziers; in the middle the subhymenium grading into the cortex of the stipe and composed of very tightly packed, unbranched, very long-celled hyphae ca 1 um diam and giving a braided appearance due to the interweaving of many stranded bundles; the ectal excipulum: the inner- most layer, layer 25-50 um thick, of loosely packed parallel hyphae with some interwoven strands, the individual hyphae intermediate in size between those of the medullary excipu- lum and those of the stipe; the middle layer formed from the tips of the inner layer becoming much thicker and closely septate to form a thin layer of short-celled, textura pris- matica composed of cells up to 5 x 10 um, oriented at 45° angle to the surface of the outer ectal excipulum; the cells becoming smaller, more compact and slightly pigmented, forming a thin layer of cuboid-celled textura prismatica to textura angularis giving rise to hairs. The base of the stipe often covered with hyaline walls to give the base a superficial resemblance to members of the Sclerotineaceae. Asci (77-)85-96(-105) x (5-)7-9 um, cylindrical with a tapered base, usually without a recognizable crozier, anda hemispherical apex with a distinct apical pore, J+ with or without KOH pretreatment, staining as a short, hollow cylin- der, less than 1.2 um in each dimension, spores formed in the upper third, eventually filling the entire ascus when mature, 8-spored. Spores (39-)45-57(-67) x (1.4-)1.7-1.9(2.2) um, cylin- drical flexuous (vermiform), often in. a sigmoid configura- tion, with a hemispherical apex and tapered base narrowing to about 0.8 um before rounding off, O-7 septate, commonly 7-septate at maturity just prior to release from the ascus, often with large refractive bodies prior to germination, hyaline, thin-walled. Paraphyses narrowly lanceolate (2.0-)2.3-2.9(-3.2) um at their widest point about one fourth back from the tip, with blunt apices, exceeding the asci by 8-12 um, straight, unbranched, hyaline, thin-walled, without conspicuous con- tents and non-septate in the upper half. No anamorphic state observed. HOSTS - Most commonly found on wood and bark of trees, rarely on woody vines and large herbaceous stems in tropical forests. It occurs on dead stems of all sizes from 2 mm to large tree boles and has occasionally been collected on living trees. Host species are rarely recorded owing to the LS great difficulty of identifying small detached twigs in tropical forests. The hosts that have been recorded are often distinctive, easily recognized species and may not be representative of the entire host range. Recorded hosts are Byrsonta spicata, Cupressus sp., Eucalyptus sp., Quercus tneana and Ulex europaeus. RANGE - Apparently widespread throughout tropical regions of the world. It occurs between sea level and 3200 m elev., but is most common between 1700-2600 m elevation in South and Central America. It is known from Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, brazil; Chite, People's, Republic’ of China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, India, Jamaica, Japan, Java, Malaya, Mexico, New Guinea, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Rwanda, Singapore and VeneZuela. PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ILLUSTRATIONS - Rehm, Hedwigia 39, pl. Soebigsion, J900\\Cas *Dasyscyphavschrocrertanay>s RR. tW.\G. Dennvs) Kew Bull. °9:'302, figs:S (as Di. aveltaneomeltlea); JOze tees TO Cas D. -schroetertana).,.3s05,ifig. Jl4d Cas Dasyscyphus brastliensts); Dennis, Kew Bull. 15: 297. fig. 6, 1961 (as Dasyscyphus corttcota); Dennis, Kew Bull. 17: S20% tae. 1, 1963 (as Dasyscyphus abnormts.). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Brazil: Wainio, 1885, Minas, Lafayette, holotype of Lachnum ltongtsporum Karsten (H); Malme 107, 12 Dec 1892, Cascata de Hermenegilda Opp. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, type of Frinella avellaneomellea Starback, 2 packets (S); Malme 180, 24 Jan 1893, Santo Angelo near Cachoeiro do Sul, holotype of Frinella isabellina Starback (S); Ule 1569, Sep 1889, "Orlegno," holotype (portion of) Dasyscyphella schroeteritana Rehm, ex herb. Sydow (S); Noack 269, Jan 1897, Corrego Alegre, Minas Gerais, as Eritnella subeervina Bresa- dola, ex herb. Rehm and herb. Sydow (8S); Puiggari 19, before 1919, Apiahy, holotype of Frinella heterotricha Spegazzini, herbarium number 24434, (LPS); Rick 42, 1928, Porto Novo, Sta Catharano., on bark? (FH)s Rick. Oct) 1932. ‘Saodieopoldo, Raoyvorande dotoul., “as erinel ta tsapetlling (FH)... .CHILE: See holotype of L. abnormis. PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: Cheo Z0255)c0 Jun L933. Chin. Tune (Ging: Yurn Heien), Kwangsi:., 1100 m, on dead bark of Ltqutdambar (FH). COLOMBIA: Dumont- CO 335, Haines & Idrobo, 1 Jul 1974, Quebrada Aguas Blancas, road between Sibate & Fusagasuga, Dpto. Dundinamarca, small woody stem: (COL, “NY, NYS). An additional, 21 -collections jare deposited at NY & COL with some duplicates at NYS. COSTA RICA: / Carroll 931,,.28 Auge 1964, benehi mark 832B,. Inter- american Highway, 47.5 km south of San Jose, ca 1850 m (NYS); Carrol. 9325.5 Sep 1964, vicinity of Vulcan Barba, ca 1920 m ENYS). ECUADOR: “Dumont—EC 373, Carpenter: & Buritica; .18 Jul 1975 ca 55 km from Santo Domingo, on new road from Quito to Santo Domingo, Prov. Pinchincha, ca 1800 m, decayed wood (NY); An additional 3 collections are deposited at NY SveCOL ew GUADELOUPE OF. Wwolete Piaster "Alro) Carpenter, '& Sherwood, 3 Jan 1974, Forest Des Bains Jaunes, Guadeloupe National Forest, ca 1050-1155 m, SW slope, very decayed 14 wood (FH). INDIA: . Singh, PAN 3810, 29 Jun 1971, Narkanda, Mahasu, Himachal Pradesh, ca 2775 m (previously reported as Dasyscyphus brastliensts, Nova Hedwigia 32: 70, 1980) (PAN, NYS); M. P. Sharma 24, PAN 3928, 24 Jul 1972, Baloon, Dahausie, Himachal Pradesh State, 1525-2150 m (previously reported as Dasyseyphus brastltensts, Nova Hedwigia 32: 70, 1980) (NYS); M.°P: Sharma 716, PAN 11716, 18 Apr’ 19767 near Sainik Rest House, Simla, Himachal Pradesh, ca 2600 m; Mo eP. pobarmasco..,, PAN ULE 57 (28 Sep 21979. (Tif fonsmeope Kumaon Hills, «Nainital. Uttar Pradesh; ca 2730 miQnys): JAMAICA:; CUP-MJ 167, Korf, Dixon, Dumont, Erb, Pfister; Reynolds, Rossman & Samuels, 9 Jan 1981, along Lady's Mile Trail to just South of Woodcutter's Gap, vicinity of New Castle, border of St. Andrew & Portland Parishes, on twig (CUP, NYS); An additional 2 collections deposited CUP. JAPAN: = Wright, 24 May 1855, Shudin Hilis? | Simodahn- iss lectotype of Pesizaleucophaedq Berk. (& (Cunt. e( Kk, erie JAVA: CUP-SA 238; CUP-SA 245, Rifai & Korf, 14 Dec 1961, near Tjibodas River, Tjibodas, Java (substrate for undes- cribed Neetria sp.) (CUP). MEXICO: G. Guzman 7033; Guzman 7356, 24 Jun 1969, cerca de Tlilapa, al pie del Rio Asserra- dera, camino Orizaba-Zongolica, Estado Veracruz, 1200 m, Bosque tropical con Platanus y cafetal (MEXU, NY); An addi- tional 12 collections deposited NY. NEW ZEALAND: G. J. Samuels, PDD 31945, 20 Aug 1973, farm of Sam Howe, Waipapa West Road, North of Kerikeri, Bay of Islands County, Aukland Prov., on Ulex eropaeus (PDD, NYS). PANAMA: Dumont-PA 1685, Carpenter, 2 Jul 1975, oak forest, Cerro Respingo, ca 6 km northwest of town of Cerro Punta, Prov. Chiriqui, ca 2300 m (NY); An additional 10 collections deposited NY. PERU: Dumont-PE 483, Carpenter, Sherwood, & Buritica, 2 Jul 1976, vicinity km post 469 from Lima, on the Huanuco-Tingo Maria Road; Dpto. Huanuco, 2250 m (NY): :l additzonal col lecevon deposited NY. RWANDA: Rammeloo 4897, 6 Oct 1974, Kinigi, Plantation Rops, Eucalyptus bark (GENT); Rammeloo 4445, 31 Aug 1974, Foret de Rugege, 2 km from Garamba on the road to Gisakura, mountain rain forest (GENT). SRI LANKA (Ceylon): Thwaites 11 (original material of Peziza stmillima. Not the Lectotype) <(K).. Uses. As, PUBRTO/RICO: Haines. PR. F7S.G42¢un- PR 4065), Korf, Pfister, Rossman, Benson, Sanchez & Skog, 13 June OCO kn ot FOMuMar A CaO. Tte (105, (CawocO unl tay ope VENEZUELA: Dumont-VE 57, Haines, 17 Jun 1971, trail south- east, from, Humboldt Hotel, Parg..Nac. El,Avila, Dtos reds rotten wood (NY, NYS); An additional 61 collections deposited in NY with duplicates of some in NYS and VEN. DISCUSSION.-- This is one of the most common inoperculate discomycetes in the tropics. Macroscopically it is easily distinguished from L. brasiltiense, L. ecyphetlotdes and L. lagerhetmtt by producing brown hairs on the underside of the cup. It can often be distinguished from the very similar JL. selerottt with a hand lens by the lack of amber-colored resin deposits on the tips of its hairs. It is most, common at elevations near 2500 m, whereas L. selerottt is more common near 600 m elevation. Migs) There is considerable color variation among collections of this species. The hairs at the margin of the cup may range from pure white to ochreous (Rayner, 1970), but the stipe and underside of the cup always have some buff to sienna bairs. withis) color changes. Little iwith drying, but becomes lighter in older specimens as the brown hairs are abraded, exposing the lighter-colored excipulum. The base of the stipe in some apothecia is devoid of hairs and is brown-black at the base, but this is not a consistent fea- ture within the species. The most stable character is spore Shape. The cylindrical, 3-7 septate, flexuous spores which are tapered at the lower end are found only in this species and the closely related Z. tndteum. This character has not been found in any of the white-haired specimens examined for this study. Paraphysis shape varies some but is always recognizable as "narrowly lanceolate.'' Some of the varia- tions described from the types of L. abnormis synonyms are possibly attributable to different methods of preservation. When the apothecia are rehydrated in 3% KOH and mounted in lactophenol for a week or more, the variation is minimal, and all within the expected range of variation of a single species. Examination of original materials of Peziza leucophaea Berk. & Curt. proved that here were the two different species, and lectotypification is necessary to define the species. The Kew portion from the Berkeley Herbarium has spores much longer than those in the original description. The descrip- tion states” that they are “1/5000. in..-long™ (this is presum-— ably a printer's error for 1/500 in which would be 48 um). Those of the specimen exceed 80 um and the specimen is the same as Erinella calospora Pat., which was described later. Two specimens in the Farlow Herbarium are very similar to one another and may be from the same gathering. Their spores are 40-50 um long and fit the description in all respects. One of these specimens is from the Ringgold and Rogers, North Pacific Exploring Expedition collection. This packet contains ample substrate, but only a few, poorly preserved apothecia. The other specimen is from the Curtis Herbarium. It has about 25 apothecia in good condition and is accom- panied by a small, accurate drawing of the spores and the measurement 1/500". This specimen is hereby chosen as lecto- type of Peztza leucophaea Berk. & Curt. (non- Peztza leuco- phaea (Pers.: Fr.) Nyl.). Although the specimens sent to Berkeley by Curtis are usually the types of their joint species, in this case it appears that’ the information sent by Curtis from the specimen in his own herbarium was the basis of the original description. Erinella bogortensts P. Henn & Nym. Monsunia 1: 33, 1899, was described from the bark of a tree in Java with spores which the original authors describe as "filiformibus utringue rotundatis, pluriguttulatis, hyalins: 50-55 x°2. um" and sounds very much like L. abnormts, but the type specimen could not be located for study. 16 2. LACHNUM INDICUM (Cash) Haines & Dumont comb. nov. Fig. a | cs =Dasyscyphella tndtca Cash, Mycologia 40: 724. 1948. =Dasyscyphus tndicus (Cash) Ahmad (as Dasyscypha ENGLECG i) BDLOL. Soc. Pakistan, Monogr li Siarovee HOLOTYPE - Ahmad 434, 20 Jul 1940, Mussoorie, Uttar Pradesh States(BPr).. Apothecia on thick bark of deciduous tree boles, nearly globose when young, opening to planate at maturity, 1.5-3.0 (-4.0) mm diam, light buff, externally covered with sienna to umber hairs, the individual hairs becoming abraided away to expose the exterior of the cup and remaining pigmented at the margin of the cup. Stipe thick, sometimes darkened exteriorly at the base, usually concealed by the expanded disc at maturity. Disc (hymenium) exposed at maturity even when dry, ochreous to orange-sienna when dry. Hairs sto-L50) um.) mostly. 35=70 ux, 2..3-35 5S ym sey land nre ae with hemispherical tips, thin to thick walled, walls to 1.0 um thick, straw to. sienna with transmitted iirgnt color an they contents:and walls: ..Betal excipulum, Similar toss. abnormts. Asci (90-)99-113(-125) x (7-)8-9(-11) um, cylin- drical with a tapered base and hemispherical apex, with dis- tinct apical pore J+, staining as a hollow, tapered cylinder. Spores (35-)40-55(-70) x (-1.8)2.1-2.5(-3.0) um, cylindrical, flexuous, often C-shaped, with hemispherical apex and Slightly tapered basal portion, O-, 1-, 3-, 5- or 7-septate while still in the ascus. Paraphyses straight, narrowly lanceolate (2.2-)2.5-3.2(-3.7) um at their widest point with blunt apices. HOSTS - On thick rough bark of dead hardwood trees. Known from Quercus ineana Roxb. and unidentified trees. RANGE - Known from Africa, People's Republic of China, and India, mostly from elevations near 2100 m. SPECIMENS EXAMINED - PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: S. Y. Cheo 1868, 13 Apr 1933, Ne Kang (Ling Yuin Hsein), Kwangsi Prov., L100 m)( FH). *CONGOuCformerly Belgian Congo):, D.) Ha, Linder 2154) 162 Feb: 1927, Mt... Ninagong, ca: 2700 m CFH)>. dindere Zsa. 17 Feb 1927, between Burunga & Lulenga (FH). INDIA: Ahmad 434, 20 Jul 1940, Mussoorie, Uttar Pradesh State, ca 2150 m, "on mossy bark of trees" (BPI); M. P. Sharma 2 (PAN 3907), 19 Jul 1972, Panjpulla, Dalhausie, Himachal: Pradesh State. ca 2000 m, on bark of Quercus incana (PAN, NYS); M. P. Sharma 651 (PAN 11651), 3 Jun 1977, Glen, Simla, Himachal Pradesh State, ca 2100 m, on thick bark of hardwood tree CPAN, NYS) 3) MS PL Sharma 751 (PAN 11751) o.2% Sepy lo/oyeChiae Peak, Nainital, Uttar Pradesh State, ca 2280 m on thick bark of Quercus tneana Roxb. (PAN, NYS). DY DISCUSSION.-- Lachnum tndicum differs from LZ. abnormis in having slightly wider spores, longer asci, larger apothecia and more darkly pigmented disc and hairs. In all other morphological features L. tndtcum is very similar to L. abnormts and may occur in the same geographic regions. Usually differences as slight as these would be considered to be within the variation of a single species, but in this case most of the known specimens are from the same geo- graphic region and elevation are all on a similar substrate: the thick, rough bark of Quercus tneana and possibly of other trees. When all of these factors are taken into account L. tndteum is easily distinguished from LZ. abnormis. The original description compares Lachnum indteum with Ertnella eortteola Massee, from which it differs "in flexuous instead of fusoid paraphyses."' However, we have observed the paraphyses to be narrowly lanceolate and not flexuous in both species. The spores of the type of Dasyscyphella indica are somewhat flexuous, but are even more so in E£. corttcola. 3. LACHNUM SCLEROTII (A. L. Smith) Haines & Dumont, comb. DOV 1 SS 2, 3% BpelouTarunm sc rergert A. be Sheth.) 2 ubinn 7 6ocs|; Bot. SOs ba. LOOT, =Frinella subecorticalis Patouillard in Duss, Champ. Guade- £OuUpe, G7. 1903 | =Ertoseypha subeorttcalts (Pat. in Duss) Kirschstein, ANT ely COl 362) 384." 193S; =Dasyscyphella subcorttealts (Pat. in Duss) Cash, Mycologia 35: 601. 1943. =Dasyscyphus subcorticalts (Pat. in Duss) Dennis (as Dasyscypha subcortrealts,), Kew Bull. .9::299. 1954. =Frinella subcervtna Bres. in Rick, Ann. Mycol. 4: 390. 1906. HOLOTYPE: =—“Ws Re ELLLott 1367, 31 Jan. 1896, St.. Aroment , Dominica, British West Indies, on decorticated branch (K). A very tiny portion of this specimen containing a single whole apothecium and a few fragments remain in the type packet. Apothecia solitary, scattered or crowded on bark or wood of woody twigs and vines, rarely on herbaceous stems, nearly globose when young, opening to goblet-sShape, and finally shallow cup-shaped with a raised, even, circular MAreig atzmaturity,' 0. 5-2, 0¢€-3.0) mm in: diam,’ pale built; ex- ternally completely covered with buff to ochreous hairs except at the margin and there the hairs occasionally lighter or white, hairs becoming abraided and leaving the excipulum exposed, the tips of the hairs usually bearing a lump of amber-colored, resinous matter appearing like minute sugar crystals under a 60 X microscope, slowly dissolving in 3% KOH without conspicuous pigment release or color change, stipitate to subsessile. Stipe funnel-shaped, to 1 mm high and 0.5 mm diam, usually visible in unexpanded apothecia, 18 Fig. Lachnum sclerotit, a. hairs, b. section through excipulum, c. paraphyses, d. asci, e. apothecium. a., c., d. from type specimen, b. from Dumont VE- 310, e. rom’ Dumont, CO-2287.. aed 1000K, e. ca. oOX. Lg but covered by the upper portion of the cup when expanded, base of stipe very dark brown and devoid of hairs in some apothecia. Disc (hymenium) covered by the infolded margins of the cup when young and increasingly exposed with maturity, remaining exposed even when dry in mature specimens, light butt to luteus, Lightening slightly with maturity. HAAS vO uo um. MOStLy (30-10 so 2c ooo. Cy Lindrical with hemispherical tips with resinous-appearing matter soon dissolving in aqueous solution, thin-walled, septate, roughened externally with tightly adhering granules to 0.4 um (coarser than those of Lachnum virgtneum but finer than those of Dasyscyphus certnus), hyaline to buff with transmitted light, color in the cell contents and cell wall, not removed by extended immersion in KOH or lactophenol solutions. Ectal excipulum very similar to that described for Lachnum abnormis. Asci (75-)82-90(-100) x (6.0-)7.0-8.0(-9.4) um, cylindrical with a tapered base, usually without conspicuous croziers, and hemispherical apex with a distinct apical pore, J+ with or without KOH pretreatment, staining as a hollow cylinder, less than 1.5 um in each dimension; lower third devoid of spores, collapsing and breaking down soon after spore dis- charge, 8-spored. Spores (20-)25-32(-43) x (2.0-)2.3-3.0 (-3-2) pm, fusiiorm, ‘straight or slightly curved, not. fléex- uous, tapered at each end, bipolar or nearly so, becoming 3-septate while still in the ascus, filled with numerous re- fractive bodies, hyaline, thin-walled. Paraphyses narrowly lanceolate with blunt apices (2.0-)2.3-2.9(-3.2) um at their widest point (ca 1/3 back from the tips),- exceeding the asci by up to 12 um, straight, unbranched, hyaline, thin-walled and non-septate in the upper half. HOSTS - Commonly found on wood or bark of hardwood twigs, stems or trunks, occasionally on vines and rarely on herba- ceous stems. The host species have very rarely been identi- fied. It has been recorded on Symplocos marttntcensts, Richerta grandis, Xanthoxylon fagara. RANGE - Apparently widespread throughout tropical regions, probably in the same regions as L. abnormis, but at lower elevations. It is most common below 1500 m. It is known Lromepragaal, “Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, “Florida, Guadeloupe, India, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela. PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ILLUSTRATIONS - Dennis, Kew Bull. 9: COOPmIoOae tne. «(,e tert: and right, tige: onlyce*Cash. “Mycologia so rove, 1943, fig. 1. Otani, | The Botanical Expedition to Papua New Guinea, The National Science Museum, Tokyo. 1975, Der29.s tig) 14° 6-41. SPECIMENS EXAMINED - BRAZIL: Rick, 1904, Sao Leopoldo (as Fungi Austro-Americani 51, isotype of Eritnella subcervina) GEO WRvckiis7; 928 Parecy Novo. Rio Grande-do Sul CFE); Riek, 1928) Porto. Novo; (Sta. Catharina CFR)? (Skvortzov: SP71405, 21 Aug 1964, Parque do Estado, Sao Paulo, Estado de 20 Sad Paulo (NY). COLOMBIA: Dumont CO-546, Haines, Velasquez & Fonnegra, 5 Jul 1974, Buenos Aires, Providencia, Anori, Rio Anord.,. Dpto. Antiodusra .COL,. NY¥,0NYS) <>) any addied Ongar s collections deposited COL, NY, & NYS. CUBA: Earle & Murrill 494, 19-20 Mar 1905, Alto Cedro, Santiago de Cuba Prov.; on wood in low; dense, virgin forest. (CNY). uW 2 ao. White 342, 20-21 Jun 1941, coffee plantation, San Blas, in foothills of Trinidad Mts. ;-ca,180+m: (FH). “DOMINICA: . (See holotype). ECUADOR: Dumont-EC 413, Dumont, Carpenter & Buritica, 18 .Jul 1975, ca 55 km from. Santo..Domingo, on ine new road from Quito to Santo Domingo, Prov. Pinchincha, ca 1800 m, on wood (NY); an additional 2 collections deposited ) at NY: GUADELOUPE: Duss 509, 1902, Bois, inferrieurs des ) Bains—Jaunes (lectotype of Frinella subcorticalts, herb. | Patouillard Sheet 5352, FH); Duss 538, Matouba (original | material of Frinella subcortieallis) (FH); Duss 1907, Oct | 1900, Camp Jacob, on Symplocos martinicensis (FH); Duss 1908, | Oct. .1900, Morne Gommier (FH)... HAITI: . Buck 9452, 21 ‘Nov | 1982, 8 km N of Seguin, on road to Kenscoff, Massif de la | Selle, Dept. de Sudest, dwarf cloud forest, 1900 m (NY). | INDIA: R. Sharma, PAN 24066, 14 Sep 1981, 12 km from Jamiri towards Buragaon, Arunachal Pradesh, ca 1200 m (PAN, NYS). JAMAICA: Mycoflora of Jamaica 11, Korf, Dixon, Dumont, Erb, Pfister, Reynolds, Rossman & Samuels, 8 Jan 1971, Chester- ville Youth Development Camp, above Newcastle, St. Andrew Parish (CUP); 10 additional collections deposited CUP. JAVA: CUP-SA 123, Rifai,- Nasution & Korf, 10 Dec 1961, Jungle near Tjibodas, on rotted wood, host for Nectrta sp. parasite (CUP); CUP-SA 236b, Rifai & Korf, 14 Dec 1961, near Tjibodas River, Tjibodas, host for Nectrta sp. parasite (CUP). MARTINIQUE: Duss 782, Aug 1903,.Camp Colson (herb. Patouillard, sheer S002) FH). (MEXICOG OW Alo S&B © tbe, Berd De S92) Jat Motzorongo, near Cordoba, moist, virgin forest on mountain- side (NY). PANAMA: Dumont - PA 157, Carpenter & Mori, 13 Jun 1975, base of Cerro Pilon, 5 km northeast of El Valle, Prov. Cocle, ca 670 m (NY); an additional 8 collectyons,;ge- posited at NY. PERU: Dumont - PE 151, Carpenter, Sherwood & Buritica, 28. Jun 976, ) ca 1/2. hr. drive: {rom satipo toware Calabaza, on the Satipo-Concepcion Road, Dpto. Junin, ca 800 m (NY); an additional 5 collections deposited at NY. USA., PUERTO RICO: Haines - PR 102, Korf, Pfister, Rossman, Benson, Sanchez & Skog, 9 Jun 1970, south of El Verde, 17.7 km post. rte L386. near local rte 9811. ,cas550.m JCNYso. Pfister 1308, 7 Apr 1974, El Verde Station (FH); Florida: Thaxter, no date, Coconut Grove (FH); an additional 3 collec- tions deposited NYS. VENEZUELA: Dumont - VE 310, Haines, Morillo & Moreno, 21 Jun 1971, Macarao, Dto. Fed. (NY, NYS); an additional 79 collections deposited NY with some duplicates at NYS and VEN. DISCUSSION.-- Lachnum sclerottt is a very common species closely related to L. abnormts. They occur in many of the Same areas of the tropics, but L. selerottt is dominant at lower elevations and LZ. abnormis at higher elevations. The two species are so Similar macroscopically that it would be difficult to imagine early tropical collectors distinguishing ak them in the field. With a dissecting microscope, the two can be separated with some success by the presence of hyaline to amber-colored lumps on the hairs of L. selerottt. These lumps are reddish or absent in LZ. abnormts. Anatomically, L. selerotit is easily distinguished by its shorter, fusiform, 3-septate spores. The original publication ‘of Erinella subecorticalis Pat. cites two specimens with no designation of a holotype. In addition, there are at least two additional specimens in the Patouillard herbarium which were known to Patouillard when he wrote the description, but which he did not list in the origi- nal description. These latter specimens were apparently the basis of the hosts named in the description. Duss 509 is chosen as the lectotype of £. subcortticalts. This specimen is the basis of a fine pencil drawing now fixed to the type sheet at FH which has the same dimensions as those in the original description. It now is composed of about 30 apothe- cia in a good state of preservation. The name Erinella subecervitna Bres. was first used on number 51 of the 3rd fascicle of Rick's Fungi Austro-Ameri- cani. It was then published as a new species in Annales Mycologici 4: 309. 1906, with the description as follows: "Die Art ist ausserlich dem Lachnum avellaneo-melleum Starb. ahnlich aber durch 3-septierte Sporen verschieden." It is sufficient to distinguish this species from any other known to the authors, and it is treated here as validly published. It is not known how many sets containing this number were issued and no lectotype is proposed at this time. 4. LACHNUM CALOSPORUM (Pat. & Gaill.) Haines & Dumont comb. NOV. Lewes od. =Erinella calospora Patouillard & Gaillard, Bull. Soc. MycolviPranee 4: (LOL. 1889) =Ertoscypha eatospora (Pat. & Gaill:) Kirshstein; Ann. MY CORRS OOo we eLOOS. earineliing \cacosporde iGPat. (& Gaill:) Seaver) .N. Amer. Cup-funewscinoper: ) p.osc29ly “LOod. =Dasyscyphus ecalosporus (Pat. & Gaill.) Dennis (as Dasyscypha calospora), Kew Bull. 9: 302. 1954. HOLOTYPE - Gaillard 248, 26 Aug 1887, between Maipures and San Fernando, Upper Orinoco River region between Colombia and Venezuela, on bark of living tree, (Patouillard Herbariun, Sheet 5340, FH). Apothecia scattered on bark of living or non-living, but sound trees, nearly globose when first developing, opening to goblet shaped, funnel-shaped and finally becoming plate-shaped with a fully exposed disc, to 2 mm diam, externally covered with buff colored hairs sometimes becoming white at the margin and completely absent from the base of the stipe, occasionally with yellow incrustations resembling crystals at the tips of the hairs. Stipe variable in length, not exceeding the diameter ve ol) the ;-daisic.. )' Disc Chymenium) butt to (srennax: Hairs to 100’x 5.5 um; mostly °30-55 =x 3.5—470“1m chivas LlEneyrorbulLt cy lindricxwto, clavate, <septate Psparse.y roughened with tightly adhering particles up to 1 um diam, thin to moderately thick-walled, walls up to 1 um thick, sometimes with brown contents. Asci 100-150 x 10-15 um, cylindric with a slightly tapered base and hemispherical apex with).a distinct apical J+ pore, spores fillings the entire ascus when mature, 8-spored. Spores (70-)80-100(-130) x (1.9-)2.1-2.8(-3.2) um, cylindric-fusoid, with hemispheri- cal apex and tapered base, straight or curved, seldom flexuous,.up to 17-septate, often germinating microconidia from each cell. Paraphyses narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 um at the widest point, with blunt apices exceeding the asci by 10-15 um, hyaline. Microconidia (ascospore buds) 1-2 x 1.2-2.5 um, spheri- cal to elongate-ovate with short, narrow spiculi, hyaline, non-septate. HOSTS - On bark of living or dead but undecayed hardwood trees. The only recorded host is Quercus sp. The remaining specimens are on unidentified bark. RANGE - The type and several other species are from low ele- vations but the remainder are from South American paramos 2400-3350 m elevation. Known from Colombia, Cuba, Venezuela, Jamaica and Mexico. PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ILLUSTRATIONS - Dennis, Kew Bull. 9: 50a Uiig oll GasiD. <catoepora) (1954.0: Patourliardss Garitarae BOOMS SOG wiMVCOl. France: 4° op!) SVELIV tie ein Toor. SPECIMENS EXAMINED - COLOMBIA: (see under type above); Dumont-CO 428, Haines & Idrobo, 2 Jul 1974, Paramo de Choachi, road between Bogota and Choachi, Dpto. Cundinamarca (COL, NY, NYS); an additional 2 collections deposited NY. GUADELOUPE: Pfister 867, Carpenter & Sherwood, 5 Jan 1974, | Les Mamelles, Guadeloupe National Forest (FH). JAMAICA: ; CUP-MJ 473,. Korf, Dixon, Dumont, Erb, Pfister, Reynolds, | Rossman & Samuels, 14 Jan 1971, along Sulphur River, above Bath Fountain Hotel, St. Thomas Parish, ca 150 m* (CUP). Buck | 5641, 11 Apr 1981, 7 miles northwest of Muirton on road to | Eeclesdown, along trail into. John Crow Mts., 18°03'N;<76°20°W, ca 350 m, Portland Parish, very humid secondary forest (NY, | NYS). MEXICO: Guzman 16302B, 6 Aug 1976, Cerro, del SE de | la poblacion (planta Hidroe electrica). Temascal, Oaxaca, | ca 100 m (NY). VENEZUELA: Dumont - VE 1809, Haines, Samuels & Leal, 10 Jul 1971, 2-4 km above Jobito, near San Felipe, Parg. Yurubi, Edo. Yaracuy (NY, NYS); an iadditional 2 ‘collec— tions deposited NY. DISCUSSION.-- Lachnum calosporum is a relatively rare species which cannot readily be distinguished macroscopically from L. abnormts. Some specimens have a yellow substance on the fa) tips of ‘the hairs which may be diagnostic of the species. Microscopically, however, it is easily distinguished from L. abnormis by its very long spores which may bud to form microconidia. The spores have a shape reminiscent of L. abnormis, but more elongated. Lachnum calosporum is readily distinguished from £2. brastltense by its cylindrical rather than fusiform spores and brown rather than white hairs. Lachnum calosporum may be predominantly a very high elevation species, but more collections are necessary to contirm this. 5. LACHNUM BRASILIENSE (Mont.) Haines & Dumont comb. nov. Fig. 4a. =Cenangtum brasiltense Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Set vere id) ot La OOO =Dasyscyphus brastltensts (Mont.) Le Gal (as Dasyscypha brasiliensis). Discom. Madagascar p )si2.. 1993; =Peztza tllota Berkley & Curtis in Berkeley, J. Linn. Soc., Botwao. 3c68: 1868. =Atractobolus.tttotus (Berk. & Curt. in Berkeley) 0O. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 446. 1898. =Dasyscyphus tlltotus (Berk. & Curt. in Berkeley) Sac- eardo: (as Dasyscyphs tllota) Syll, Fung, 37-457. 1889. =Pezt2a rapnidofera Berk. & Curt. in Berkeley, J. Linn. Soc.,, BOG) 20s S687 1368" =Erinella raphtdofera (Berk. & Curt. in Berkeley) Sacc. Caste yarhapnidopnora), Sy li. oFung. vss 509. 1889. =Dasyscyphus raphidoferus (Berk. & Curt. in Berkeley) Dennis, (as Dasyseypha rhaphtdophora), Kew Bull. 9: 304. 1954. =Peziza stmillima Berkeley & Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: LOS. STa =RPTLHeT La SstmoLLomad “Berks. “Sc Bre) Sacc. 2) Sy ll. Fane. S24. 00 Como oo. =Frinella similts Bresadola, Hedwigia 35: 296. 1896. =Dasyscyphus gigantosporus Rehm., (as Dasyscypha gtgantospora) Hedwigia 39: 219. 1900. =Erinella ecognata Pat. in Duss, Champ. Guadeloupe, 67. 1903. =Ertoscypha cognata (Pat. in Duss) Kirschstein, Ann. Mycol. 3567 '364. 1938: =Eritnella africana H. & P. Sydow, Fungi in Wissenschaftliche, Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Africa-Expedition 1907-1908 Pipe OO 244.910: TYPE - Weddell, Goyaz (Goias), Brazil, packet marked Holotype in Montagne Herbarium (PC). Approximately 20 apothecia in lain to poor condition. "remain. Apothecia scattered to crowded on bark or wood, globose at first, opening to goblet-shaped, funnel-shaped and finally planate with a fully exposed, regularly circular disc remain- ing flat when dried, 0.8-2.5 mm diam, buff exterior, completely 24 ‘XOOOT S8uTMeIp TIV ‘82P-OO JUOWNdC Worf ote YOTYM *p Fo sezods ¢ 1FeT 3d90 -xo suowtoeds edAj,oTOY eAT}JoOedsSer WOLF UMEeIP TLV TWN OAIO] UO Tepe ORI BONS Dae ‘unorpur *7T *q ‘szMdougvo “TJ *®B ‘dds wnuyopoy peartey-umoriq ‘TvotTdor}, swos fo saszodsoosy ‘“¢ ‘sTy 25 ‘XOOOT ITIV ‘38d O1Npiaza DIIZeU24q Jo edAVOTOY 41u1eydoboy “7 *p ‘n71d14non vy,eydhosfhsvg Jo edky wOTy uUMeIp sap2r07zzeydho -QO) juOWNgq WOIy UMeIp Vuaegnd “7 ‘q ‘vdafopzydvd ve1z%eaq JO uswutToeds edAy esuetjzisbvaqd “7 ‘Be ‘dds wnuyooT pactey-useis 10 e1TYM *‘TVoTdoO1, sWOS FO WOT UMBIDP Sa O, ae ORT, wotly UMBIpP so10dsoosy e ne Lok 26 covered by bright white hairs not capped with resinous or crystaline matter. Stipe as long as the width of disc and 1/5-1/3 its diam, cylindrical to funnel-shaped, concolorous with cup, often with naked, blue-black base, firmly attached to the substrate, leaving a stump embedded in the substrate when detached, context of stipe white, even at the external- ly blackened base. Disc (hymenium) buff-yellow to orange- yellow, becoming lighter with age. Hairs 80(-140) x (2.2-)2.6-3.5(=4.0) um, cylindrical with hemispherical tips, curved or flexuous, septate, forming cells 8-18 um long, externally roughened with small irregular granules up to 1 um diam, completely hyaline, walls thin to moderately thickened (to 1 um), some cells failing to inflate on rehydrating, marginal hairs undifferentiated from excipular hairs. Sterile tissue composed of clearly differentiated re- gions. Medullary excipulum composed of loosely woven, highly branched, hyaline textura intricata composed of thin- walled hyphae 1.5-2.5 um diam. Between the hymenium and medullary excipulum is a layer (the subhymenium) composed of shorter celled hyphae. Below the medullary excipulum the cortex of the stipe composed of densely compact, sparingly branched, hyaline, thin-walled hyphae 0.7-1.2 um diam with a braided appearance due to the interweaving of many-stranded bundles of hyphae. The ectal excipulum composed of well de- fined zones; the inner ectal excipulum composed of hyaline, parallel, sparingly-septate, unbranched hyphae 1.5-2.0 um diam. The outer ectal excipulum formed of hyphae originating from the inner ectal excipulum oriented at a 45° angle to the surface, becoming a wider and more closely septate textura prismatica with thin-walled, hyaline cells 5-10 x 2-4 um; the outermost layer of cells continuous with the hairs; the entire excipulum becoming very thin toward the base of the stipe. The black pigmentation of the base restricted to the outermost cell layers only. Asci (80-)92-108(-125) x 5-9 um, cylindric with tapered base without conspicuous croziers at the base and hemispherical apex with a distinct apical J+ pore, spores fil- ling the entire ascus at maturity, 8-spored. Spores (27-) 34-48(-59) x (1.9-)2.2-2.9(-3.5) um, fusiform, rarely flexuous, very nearly bipolar, narrowed to acute apices less than 1 un, straight or evenly curved, sometimes with one end bent or "kinked", O or l-septate, rarely 3-septate prior to germina- tion, usually filled with refractive matter at each end and a non-refractive space between, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, germinating from the tips. Paraphyses filiform-clavate to narrowly lanceolate (1.8-)2.0-3.0(-3.4) um diam at their widest point about 20 um from the apex, with blunt apices, exceeding the asci in the hymenium by 8-15 um, straight, unbranched, hyaline, thin-walled, septate in the lower two-thirds only. HOSTS - On wood and bark of woody dictyledonous and occasional- ly coniferous trees in tropical regions. Usually on dead but occasionally on living hosts. Host species have very seldom been recorded. 2] RANGE - Very widespread throughout the tropics. It occurs at all elevations up to 3050 m, but is most common from sea level to 1500 m. It has been collected in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ceylon, People's Republic of China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Madagascar, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Rwanda, USA (Puerto Rico), Tanzania and Venezuela. PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ILLUSTRATIONS - LeGal, Discom. Madagas- Catv otog, £192) 164, L905; Dennis, Kew, bull. 9i0 304. fig. 13 (as Dasyscypha rhaphtdophora); 305, fig. 14 (as Dasyseypha brastltensis) 1954; Otani & Tubaki, Mem. Natl. Sci. Mus. TOKVOrinO colo 2007 bo S=0), 19765) Cooke, ; Grevitlilea.3',. pl. -40, Lion CAs rest aq: TiLora). Dis 41) fig. clos. Cas .Pezi2q Stmelama) V8i(5, “Rehm, Hedwizta-39>.pl. 9... fie. :20. 1900. SPECIMENS EXAMINED - BRAZIL: Weddell, Goias, Prior to 1856 (lectotype of Cenangtum brastliense) herbarium Montagne (PC); also specimen marked "29 original material", herbarium Mon- taenem PO shi cCnr Oso, 1926, Porto, Novo: \ota.; Catharina: (CFH)): Rick, 1930, Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul (FH); Pereira, SP 30417, 205J3un 1956, Jardin Botanico, Parque do: Estado, Sao Paulo, (Est. S. Paulo (NY); B.. Skvortzev, SP 71384, 9 Sep 1964, instituvo- de Botanica, Parque do, Estado,. Sao. Paulo, Est... Paulo (NY). COLOMBIA: Dumont-CO 602, Haines, Velasquez & Fonnegra, 5 Jul 1974, Buenos Aires, Providencia, Anori, Rio Anomse Dpto. 'Antioguia (COL, NY,-NYS:)>.ani additional, 19. col= lections deposited COL, NY with some duplicates at NYS. COSTA RICA: Carroll 933, 15 Sep 1964, near Tileran, above El Deere ionCay.4 50. I-CONYG)).. CUBAS Wright) Goa. 1500-18574.) no LOCALHON GULyDe: Of Pest sa 2Lilota). (K.) FH NYS), Wright 364, 1855-1857, (type of Peztza raphidofera) (K, FH). ECUADOR: Dumont—-EC 695, Carpenter & Buritica, 19 Jul 1975, ca 19 km from Santo Domingo, on the new road from Santo Domingo to Quito, Prov. Pichincha, ca 800 m (NY). GUADELOUPE, Lesser Antilles: Duss 545, Apr 1902, Bois des Bains-—Jaunes (as Ertnella cognata), herbarium Patouillard, sheet 5341 (FH); Duss 285, Saint-Louis, Marie-Galante Isl. (as Erinella cognata), herbarium Patouillard, sheet 5341 (FH). GUATEMALA: Weloon? 3343. (as. Tulane’../874).,..2 Jul 1973, 3 miles. north of Carcha in hardwood-pine forest, Dpto. Altoverapaz. JAMAICA: CUR-MIpvOZ. S171) Kort et, al: 9) Jan L971. Ladys Milde Trail., south of Woodcutter's Gap, vicinity of Newcastle (CUP); CUP- Mivooo,, KOrt et al.i, 11 Jan 1971, near Dick"s Pond, west of Hardwar Gap, near Holywell Recreational Area, St. Andrew Parish, 850-900 m (CUP); CUP-MJ 475, Korf et al., 14 Jan 1971, along Sulphur River, above Bath Fountain Hotel, St. Thomas Parich,wea LoOum (CUP). CUP-MJ~616 >) Kort .et ads 18 Jan 1971, trail between Freetown and Wag Water River, near Hardwar Gap, St. Andrews Parish (CUP). MEXICO: Dumont CUP-ME 205, 14 Aug 1967, 1186 km, Highway 190, between Tehuantepec & Comitan, Chiapas (CUP); an additional 5 collections deposited CUP. PANAMA: Dumont-PA 13, Carpenter & Mori, 11 Jun 1975, between Goofy Lake and Cerro Jefe, ca 20.5 km north of Pan American Highway, Prov. Panama, ca 600 m (NY); an additional 5 collec- tions deposited NY. PERU: Dumont-PE 119, Carpenter, Sherwood 28 Buritica, Guzman & Reynolds, 27 Jun 1976, along La Merced- pavipov Road, Vicinity km post 53 from intersection, ofala Merced-Oxapampa Road, Dpto. Junin, ca 425 m (NY); an addi- tional 2 collections deposited NY. RWANDA: Rammeloo 4445, Aug 1974, Piste Pindura, Mt. Bigugu (GENT). SRI LANKA (CEYLON): Broome, Ceylon 57, collected by Thwaites prior to 1s%S..(type: of Peztaa simitlima) (K).. TANZANIA=" Ge Aids braed 251, 23 Jun 1907, near Bukoba on the west shore of Lake Victoria (holotype of Frinella africana) herbarium Sydow (S). U.SVA., PUERTO RICO: Haines-PR'158 4156, Haines, Kort, Pri vers Rossman, Benson, Dixon, Sanchez & Skog, 12 Jun 1970, 20.2 km rie .120--from Maricao, ca.d00.m (NYS); Prister, LSsa2,, to cap2 1974, Maricao (FH). VENEZUELA: Dumont-VE 50, Haines, 17 Jun 1971, trail southeast of Humboldt Hotel, Parq. Nac. El Avila, Dto. Fed. (NY, NYS); an additional 52 collections deposited NY with some duplicates at NYS and VEN. DISCUSSION.-- This very common tropical species is distin- guished by its white (rather than buff) hair, its blue-black (rather than brown-black) stipe, and its fusiform, 35-48 um long, often l-septate spores. It is as abundant as Lachnum abnormts and found throughout the same range. It may seem at first that slight differences in hair color are not suf- ficient characters upon which to base species, but it is clear after examining numerous specimens that hair color and spore shape are strongly correlated and can be trusted as identifying characteristics. We are proposing here to place eight species into synony- | my with Lachnum brasiliense. In order to stabilize the nomen- | clature and taxonomy of this complex, it is necessary to typify some of the names. Cenangtum brastlense was described by Mon- tagne from material from the state of Goias in Brazil, but no holotype was designated, nor any specific specimens cited. We have located two specimens deposited at PC bearing this name in the Montagne herbarium, and which would serve as logical candidates for a type specimen. The specimens bear virtually no collection data and one is marked "TYPE" and the second is distinguished by the words "29, original material." We herepy designate the specimen marked "Type" as the lectotype specimen for Cenangtum brastltense as it contains about 20 mature apo- thecia and is a larger collection than the "29 original materiaj specimen. Both specimens represent the same species and appear | to have been treated with a preservative which now makes them difficult to rehydrate. The apothecia are in sufficiently good condition to make.a positive identification. From a study of the literature and from the lack of annotating material, it appears that this material of £. brastlivéense has: not. been re- examined since the original description. Peztza tllota Berkeley & Curtis was described from a sin- gle Wright collection from Cuba, No. 633. We have located 4 apparent portions of that collection: |. at FH, PT at NYo ang two at K. The Kew specimen in the Berkeley herbarium is pre- sumably the portion on which the species was described, and we designate herewith as the lectotype specimen of Peztza tllota. ao The material is well preserved, but difficult to rehydrate. Dennis (1954) treated Dasyscyphus rhaphtdophorus as a species distinct from Dasyscyphus brastltensts, but indicated that they could represent the same species. The species was first described by Berkeley and Curtis’ iin 1868 as “Pesze2a raphtdofera'' an apparent misspelling of "rhaphidophora" which has been subsequently utilized by later authors. '"Peziza raphitdofera"' was based on a single collection from Cuba, Wright 364. We have located two portions of this collection, one deposited in the Curtis herbarium at FH and one deposited at Kew and presumably the one upon which Berkeley prepared his description. Although the two do represent the same species, it is necessary to designate a lectotype and we here- by designate the Kew portion as the lectotype specimen of "P, raphtdofera."' In the original description, Berkeley cites "Hab. Venezuela", although the species was clearly described eromse Wright Cuban ‘collections Wevare uncertain of ther sig- nificance of this and only suggest that it is possible that Berkeley also knew this species from Venezuela, as well as from Cuba. In this same paper Berkeley also described Peztza illota, briefly discussed above. Dennis (1954) recognized P. illota and P. raphtdofera as distinct species as did Berkeley. We disagree with Dennis’ decision and conclude that the two re- present the same species. We have compared the types of these two and find that there is a difference in the gross morphological appearance, but that they are indistinguishable microscopically, It appears that 2. zilota was probably based on a specimen that was older and not as well preserved as the LVvowol inmate taorerac lh 1s our iopinzon “thatethe: three, P. tllota, P. raphtdofera and Cenangtum brastlense represent the Same species, and we adopt the name brastliense since it has Priority . Peztza stmtlltma was described by Berkeley and Broom, who cited two specimens (57 and 11 from Ceylon) in the ori- ginal description. Neither specimen has been designated as the type; and, in fact, the collections represent different ppecites., Ituis"our ‘opinion that no7 57 better fits the ori- ginal description than no. 11, and we thus designate herewith no. 57 as the lectotype specimen for Peziza simillima. We have compared the lectotype of P. sitmillima with the type of Canangtum brastltense and conclude that they represent the same species, and we adopt the name C. brasiltense as it has priority. The second specimen, no. 11, is Lachnum abnormts. Ertnella cognata is also based on two syntypes, Duss 545 and 285, which are now preserved in the Patouillard herbarium at ‘FH... They are conspecific but, 545 is a much larger collec- tion in better condition and is hereby chosen as the lectotype Of Lo veognatea . 30 6. LACHNUM CYPHELLOIDES (Pat.) Haines & Dumont, comb. nov. 1s Be eo oa =Erinella eyphetltotdes Patouillard, Bull.-Soc. Mycol. France 15: 205. 1899 [Non Dasysecyphus cypheltotdes (Rehm) Sacc. (as Dasysecypha cypheltotdes) Syll. Fung. 8: 464. 1889]. =Dasyseyphella acuttptla Cash, Stud. Nat. Hist. Iowa Univ. 17: 216. 1937 [Non Dasyscyphus acutipilus (Karst.) Sacc. (as Dasyseypha deuttptla), Syll. Fung. 8: 447. 1889). =Dasyscyphus martinit Dennis (as Dasyscypha marttint), Kewl Bil 39 (303 2) LOo4.. HOLOTYPE - Duss 1240, Bois do morne Graine-Verte, Guadeloupe, on Byrsonta spteata, Sheet 5342, Patouillard Herbarium (FH) NOW MN poor! CONGITtION: Apothecia scattered to crowded on twigs and stems, glo- bose at first, opening to goblet and then funnel-shaped with a fully exposed regularly circular disc remaining exposed when dried, to 2 mm diam, externally buff, completely: covered by bright white hairs capped with white to pale yellow resinous or crystaline matter. Stipe occasionally longer than dise width, 1/6 - 1/4 the diam of the disc, always white and covered with hairs. Disc pale to medium yellow. | Hairs: to 80° x :2.5-3.7 wm, ‘cylindrical with hemispherical tips or constricted, ending in a smooth spherical knob, tapered | Slightly at the base, curved or flexuous, externally roughened, | with small irregular granules to 0.7 um diam, thin-walled, hyaline throughout, septate, forming cells 1-20 um long; mar- ginal hairs undifferentiated from excipular hairs. Ectal excipulum similar to ithat of Lb, . brastlvense. Asci (58-)64- 72(-80) x 4.5-6.0 um, cylindrical with a tapered base without conspicuous croziers, apex hemispherical, 8-spored, with a distinct pore visible in phase contrast without stain, pore wall J+. Spores (27-)32-45(-52) x 1.2-1.7 um, very narrowly fusiform, straight, curved or sinuous, bipolar, O- or l- sep- tate; viviled with spherivcal: refractile bodies. (iipidg. appearing like a string of graduated pearls from one end of the spore to the other, (this string usually interrupted in the center by the median septum and once in each cell presum- ably by the nuclei), hyaline, smooth, thin-walled. Paraphyses filiform to narrowly but distinctly. lanceolate jl. l=205) vime ae their widest point about 1/4 back from the apex, with pointed apices exceeding the asci in the hymenium by 5-12 um, straight, unbranched, hyaline, thin-walled and non-septate in the upper © habe) HOSTS - On twigs and stems of dicotyledonous trees. Most col- lections are from unidentified hosts but the species has been recorded from Byrsontia spicata. RANGE - Known as yet only from central America, northern South America and the Lesser Antilles at elevations from 1200-2300 m. | Known from Colombia, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela. OH PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ILLUSTRATIONS - Dennis, Kew Bull. 9: 50a, aie. ole (as Dasyecypha martin) O54 8 300%" fig.” 7, center (as 2. .cyphellozdées), 1954.%. Cash, -Stud.- Nat. Hist. LowayUni vi. Lita223y (ply lt, fig. las pacysecypheliavacutt-— VELA lO. SPECIMENS EXAMINED - COLOMBIA: Dumont-CO 183, Haines, Idrobo, & Velasquez, 29 Jun 1974, El Bosque de Las Mercedes, Boyaca, DocoOmscunadinamarca (COL, NY wNYS)) anivadditional 5 collections deposited COL, NY, NYS. GUADELOUPE (Lesser Antilles): Duss 1240 (see under holotype). MEXICO: CUP-ME 134, Dumont, 10 Aug 1967, between 18-19 km, on road from Oaxaca to Valle National Oaxaca. (CUP. NYS). .PANAMA: 2iGe7Wiv Martin 22 255.1 JUteL9Sos Valley of upper Rio -Chiriqui Viejo, Prov... Chiritqui, 9200-6000 ft. (type of Dasyscyphelta acuttptla) (BPI); Calso Martin 2218 & 2498); Dumont-PA 1724 (NY), 1796 (NY); 1799 CNY) DISCUSSION.-- Lachnum eyphelloitdes is a relatively rare and poorly known species which may be confused with ZL. brasiltense, but it has a lighter colored disc, usually has lumps of res- inous-appearing matter on the tips of the hairs visible through the dissecting microscope and without the blue-black base which is characteristic of LZ. brasiltense. Microscopi- cally, L. cyphellotdes has long needle-shaped spores often with a median septum and refractile bodies which resemble a string of pearls. The spores are much narrower and its asci are shorter than those of L. brastltiense. The holotype specimen is immature and in poor condition and the coloration of the hair is now masked by resinous mat- ter. Dennis (1954) concluded that it may be immature material of Dasyscyphus subcorttcalts Pat. which was also originally described by Patouillard from Guadeloupe. After considerable searching, we found in the type several mature flexuous spores measuring 45 x 1.5 um and the kKnob-headed hairs typical of this species. These features eliminate the possibility of D. subcorttealts and L. cyphellotdes being conspecific. It also explains why Patouillard annotated a later specimen, Duss 495, Aug 1901 from Martinique, as LZ. cyphellotdes when it was really the white-haired species L. brastliense. This might indicate that the type of F. ecyphellotdes was also white-haired when fresh. 7. LACHNUM LAGERHEIMII Haines & Dumont, nom. nov. Fig. 4d. SurRinel La virc~dutda Patouillard./( Bull. eSocs Mycol. France 11: 218. 1895. [non Laehnum vitrtdulum Massee Se Morvan jin. Morgan ed wiMVCcol s 62) LE OuLoo? nec. Erivetla. viriduta.Cschradwa) Pro) Quel, Buchixy, Fung. Dy oO pe) L886 i. HOLOTYPE - Lagerheim, Pululahua, Ecuador, Patouillard Her- barium, sheet 5354, (FH). 52 Apothecia scattered or gregarious, on wood or bark, goblet shaped to plate shaped, almost flat when mature, fully exposed even when dry, 0.3-1.2(-2.0) mm diam, externally white to buff, covered by white to blue-green hairs without crystaline or resinous particles; discs cream-yellow to light grey, changing little with drying; stipe black shading to blue-green above, funnel-shaped, similar to L. brastltense in section. Hairs to 80x 2.5-3.3 um, cylindrical with hemispherieat tips, curved or flexuous, septate with cells 12-18 yum long, roughened externally with small, irregular granules to 0.8 um diam, walls thin, hyaline or yellow-green with transmitted light, sometimes turning purple-black in 3% KOH, devoid of large crystaline or resinous structures, arising at an angle from the outermost excipular cells. Asci (80-)90-115(-128) x 7-11 wm, cylindrical with a long, tapered base and hemi- Spherical to. conical apex with a distinct, J+, pore. ~Spores (45-)49-59(+70) x 1.2=-1.9(2.1) um, narrow-filiform, “slignuty tapered at the base, straight or curved, sometimes flexuous, hemispherical at the apex, up to 7-septate, septa sometimes thin and difficult to see, without staining, usually without refractive contents, hyaline, thin-walled. Paraphyses fili- form-clavate or narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-2.5(-3.0) um wide at their widest point, exceeding the asci by 8-15 ym, straight, unbranched, nonseptate in upper half, thin-walled, hyaline, without conspicuous contents. HOSTS - Commonly found on bark of dead stems 1-4 cm dian, many of which have a very large pith. No host species have been identified for any known collections. RANGE - Known only from Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru & Venezuela. It is apparently restricted to high ele- vations. All known collections were made between 2300 and 3200 m in oak forest or paramo. PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ILLUSTRATIONS - None. SPECIMENS EXAMINED - COLOMBIA: Dumont-CO 3617, Buriticé, Molina & Luteyn, 26 Jan 1976, vicinity km posts 75-76 from Pasto, Pasto Mocoa Road, Intendencia. Putumayo, ca 2425 m (COL, (NY)3 an additional’ 5: collections deposited (COL, wi. NYS. ECUADOR: (See type). PANAMA: Dumont-PA 1706 & PA 1758 Carpenter, 2 Jul 1975, oak forest, Cerro Respingo, ca 6 km northwest of Cerro Punta, Prov. Chiriqui, ca 2250 m (NY). PERU: Dumont-PE 1195, Carpenter, Sherwood & Buritica, 9 Jul 1976, ca 135 km from Huancayo, Satipo-Huancayo Road, Dpto. Junin, ca 3200 m (NY). VENEZUELA: Dumont- VE 2400; VE 2412; VE 2428; VE 2430, Haines & Samuels, 19 Jul 1971, El Pino, 16 km east of Apartaderos, Mérida-Barinas Road, Edo. Mérida (NY, NYS); an additional 8 collections deposited NY, NYS. 33 DISCUSSION.-- Lachnum lagerheimtt is a rare and distinctive species which is one of the very few species of the genus with blue-green hairs and the only one with filiform spores. lites closely retated to... prastliense from which’ it dif-= fers in having long, filiform, 7-septate spores instead of fusiform O- l-septate spores. Lachnum brasiltense often has blue-green hairs on the upper part of its stipe, but they seldom extend to the margin as they do in LZ. lagerhetmit. Lachnum ecyphellotdes has similarly shaped spores, but they are shorter and usually with only a single septum. Lachnum cyphellotdes is usually totally white and has resinous ac-— cretions at the tips of its hairs. The blue-green hair color of L. cyphellotdes is apparently variable or perhaps mutable by storage conditions. The type specimen was described as VElnereo-wvwiridis™ by Patoulllard in 1895...) It is now almost white with only a trace of color on the hairs of the stipe. One collection, Dumont-VE 2404, which was made at the same time and place as VE 2400, VE 2412, VE 2428, and VE 2430 is very lightly colored, but has the same spore characters as the other specimens. Spore characters should always be used to confirm the identity of this species. Most of the pieces of substrate for the known collections of this species bear a resemblance to one another, and even though unidentified in the field, they may all be the same host species. The characteristic piece of host stem is woody, but has a very large pith which breaks down to leave a hollow center in larger stems. The epithet "viritdula" is appropriate and descriptive for this species, but it has been used for several different Species in the Hyaloscyphaceae. Patouillard's Frinella virtdula was a later homonym when published and would still be a later homonym if transferred to Lachnum. A new epithet is, therefore, required for this taxon. The name chose here commemorates the first collector, G. de Lagerheim. 8. LACHNUM PATENA (Lév.) Haines & Dumont comb., nov. Fig. Ab. =Pezitza patena Léveillé, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 4. 20: 290.1863. =Dasyseyphus patena (Lév.) Sacc. (as Dasyscypha patena), SV Lee ernie £0 tee Looe, =Atractobolus patena (Lév.) O. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 446. 1898. ISOTYPES - Lindig 888, Jun 7, Canoas, near Bogota, Colombia, ca 1600 m (FH); Lindig 888, Aug, Tequendama, near Bogota, Colombia, ca 2500 m (presumably at PC but not located). Apothecia soliary or scattered on woody substrate, glo- bose when young, opening to goblet or cup-shaped at maturity, 0.8-2.5(-4) mm diam, tough and leathery when fresh, tough and brittle when dry, buff, completely covered by bright white hairs often agglutinated at the tips of opaque white masses 34 ca 50 um across; stipe thick, funnel-shaped, white through- out, covered with white hairs, with a transluscent center visible in broken specimens. Disc orange-yellow, dished or flat, exposed in fresh and dried condition. Hairs (25-)60-90(-150) x 3.5-4.7 um, evenly cylindrical with hemispherical tips and tapered base, curved or flexuous, septate, forming cells 14-28 um long, externally covered by irregularly-shaped, tightly adhering granules up to 0.7 um diam, walls thin, hyaline, sometimes agglutinated together in fascicles by white amorphous accretions up to 50 um dian, insoluable}in 3% KOH.» Kctal. excipulum as in’) 2) beast leeqeew but without darkly pigmented base. Asci 99-128(-145) x 6-11 um, cylindrical with long tapering base and conical apex with AAOLSLINGty, I+) DORE Mpetors Umawide., Spores (50-)59-75(-109) x 1.8-2.8 um, very narrowly fusi- form, acute at both ends, with bipolar symmetry, straight, curved (falcate) or sigmoid, O- to 13-septate, usually 7- septate, often filled with refractive contents, hyaline, thin- walled. Paraphyses clavate or narrowly lanceolate, 2.0-3.2 um at their widest point, with blunt apices, non-septate in upper half, hyaline, thin-walled, without refractive contents. HOSTS - Most commonly collected on dead or rarely on living woody stemps 1-5 cm in diam, mostly with a large central pith. Host species usually not recorded, but known from Verbestna sp. It is possible that all collections are from woody com- posites. RANGE - Known from 2300-3700 m elevation in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. These high elevation areas are known as paramos or subparamos which are characterized by cool tem- peratures and very high moisture in the form of mist. A con- spicuous component of the flora is woody, tree-like, compositae which are the hosts of this fungus. PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ILLUSTRATIONS - None. SPECIMENS EXAMINED - COLOMBIA: Dumont-CO 4230, Carpenter & Sherwood, 5 Jun 1976, between km posts 16-17 from Mosquera, on Mosquera-La Mesa Rd., Dpto. Condinamareca, 2800 m (COL, NY); Dumont-CO 148, Haines, Idrobo and Velasquez, 29 Jun 1974, El Bosque de Las Mercedes, Boyaca, on bark of Verbesina sp. (COL, NY, NYS). ECUADOR: Brako 4479, 3 Jun 1982, Yanacocha Trail, N-side of Mt. Pichincha, Prov. Pichincha, ‘cloud forest. 3700 m (NY). PANAMA: Dumont-PA 1989 and Carpenter, 3 Jul 1975, Bamboo and oak forest, La Cumbre, 3-4 km N of Cerro Punta, Prov. Chiriqui, -2200-2300 m (NY).: ) VENEZUBLA: + “Dumont— VE 2375, Haines & Samuels, 19 Jul 1971, Laguna!La Victoria, ca 16 km E of Apartaderos, Parq. Nac. Sierra Nevada, on Mérida- Barinas Rd., Edo. Mérida, on recently killed tree (VEN, NY, NYS); an additional 10 collections deposited NY & NYS, with selected duplicates at VEN. a5 DISCUSSION.-- This is a cloud forest or paramo species, dis- tinguished from all others by its pure white-haired apothecia and very long fusiform spores. Macroscopically it is distin- guished from L. cyphelloitdes by the large white masses of Matter, on its hairs, and drom i. .)braetliense. by 10s) pure white stipe. Microscopically it.is distinguished from the brown-haired, equally long-spored L. calosporum by its fusoid rather than cylindrical spores. The original description lists two collections, but only one of these could be located at the time of the study. A request to PC could not produce any original material, but a search of unidentified discomycete collections at FH uncovered an unnamed specimen ex herbarium Lindig with no. 888, the num- ber of the original material and locality information matching Onevom the two cited. in the original: publbication of P.. pavena. Apparently, #888 is a species number and not a collection num- ber. The FH material is not in good condition, but there is enough remaining to identify the taxon. It was decided not to lectotypify L. patena with this material because of its poor condition and because of the possibility of other por- tions Ot the material being located at. PC..or elsewhere. 9. LACHNUM ATTENUATUM Haines & Dumont spec. nov. Fig. 5. Apothecia 0.7 mm diam, cupuliformia, brevissime stipi- tata aiboprlosa, discus luteoanurantiacus:;. pal» tenues, cy lin- drici granulati, hyalini, interdum brunneo-incrustati; asci Vi=1oex sii? 4m, aneuste clavatis e@ basi angustato,) reeti vel curvati, 1-7 sepatati; paraphyses clavato-filiformés. Typus: Dumont-PE 481, Carpenter, Sherwood & Buritica, 2 Jul 1976, vicinity km Post 469 from Lima, Huanuco-Tingo Marian Rd., Dpto. Huanuco, Peru, .ca-2150\m;. on: unidentified hardwood twig (NY). ETYMOLOGY - Latin=Attenuatum. This refers to the tapered lower end of the ascospore. Apothecia scattered to crowded on bark of host, appearing as a tuft of white hairs when young, becoming cup-shaped at Matuiert yi tOnOu.. median mnclidingyprotrudings hairs, often less than 0.5 mm at maturity, ochre, covered by bright-white hairs, sometimes appearing pale ochre with hairs abraiding away, sometimes with brown, resinous accretions on the tips and surfaces of hairs, sessite or very short stipitate, fundi- buliform below with buff to ochre, never blackened base and firmly inserted in substrates. Disc (hymenium) 0.2-0.5 mm across, yellow-orange, often breaking into fragments at maturity, covered by hair when young. Hairs to 120 um long, generally 50-90 x 2.8-4.2 um, cylindrical with hemispherical tips, straight or curved, sep- tate, cells 9-25 um long, hyaline, thin-walled, externally covered with minute, tightly adhering granules up to 0.4 um diam, appearing longer than broad, often covered at the tip 36 Fie. 5. Laehnum attrenuatum, from holotype, a. hairs, b. asci, c. paraphyses, d. spores, e. apothecium. a-d. 1000X, e. 50X. ey with a dark brown, non water soluable, resinous matter. Asci 79-99 x 7-12 um, clavate with tapered base, croziers present or absent, apex slightly conical, usually with a large pore ca’ 15 ym broad, with J+ walls, lacking in some specimens, 8-spored with spores clustered in upper half at maturity. Spores 39-54 x 3.0-4.2 um, narrow-clavate, straight or evenly curved, not flexuous, with blunt apex and tapered base, with widest point about 1/3 back from apex, 1- to 7-septate, most commonly 7-septate at maturity, hya- line, refractive when seen with phase optics, losing refrac- tive quality after several hours in 3% KOH, without large lipid bodies, thin-walled. Paraphyses clavate-filiform, 1.3-2.4 um diam at widest point near apex, straight, un- branched above the base, l- 3-septate, hyaline, thin-walled, without conspicuous contents or adhering particles. HOSTS - All known collections are on unidentified, woody, angiosperms. They are all on small twigs 0.3-1.0 cm diam except the collection from India which is on bark from a considerably larger stem. RANGE - Known so far from only 3 locations in Peru and one from India; all were between 1500-2150 m elevation. SPECIMENS EXAMINED - PERU: Dumont-PE 314, Carpenter, Sher- wood & Buritica, 28 Jun 1976, ca 40 km from Calabaza toward Concepcion, on the Satipo-Concepcion Rd., Dpto. Junin ca 2100 m (NY, NYS); Dumont-PE 469, 2 Jul 1976, vicinity km post 469 from Lima, Huanuco-Tingo Maria Rd., Dpto. Huanuco, Ca 2150m NY): Dumont ‘PE 481. (Type) 3°’ PE2484 PE 489 (NY, NYS): Dumont PH: 1626, 19 Jul 1976; along the Cuzco-Pilcopata-— Paucartamo Rd, ca 135 km from intersection with the Cuzco- Pino Ad, Dpto. Cuzco (NY) “INDIA: (OR. Sharma’, -PAN 24031, 9 Sep 1981, ca 15 km from Rupa towards Shergaon, Arunachal Pradesh, ca 1500 m (NYS, PAN). DISCUSSION.-- This species is closely related to others treated in this paper, but is easily distinguished from them by its clavate spores. It has smaller, almost sessile apo- thecia, with white hairs which sometimes appear pinkish due to a reddish-brown accretion on their tips. It is perplexing that two of the collections, PE 314 and’ PH 1626 ‘apparently lack a Stainable ascus pore. The collections in question are the same as the type in all other respects including the appearance of the substrate. The Indian collection-is identical to the type in every respect except for the size of the stem of its host. 38 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS fhe authors wish, to thank the curators of BPly CUR au GENT, H, K, LPS,/PC and S and also Gary Samuels, Mo Po soharme and R. Sharma for the loan of specimens examined during this study; S.;B. Carpenter, 'M. A. Sherwood, P. Buriticaz Reweaune J. Idrobo and the many others who made collections of these fungi for the Flora Neotropica Project; Rupert Barneby for his,expert translation for the Latin diagnosis’), andy to mune National Science Foundation who supplied financial support to one tof the; authors. (KeP.D.:) in, the, form of uexentie 6oo3 ff. Special appreciation is extended to all of our many Latin American collaborators who have helped us in many ways and without whose assistance this work could not have been done. LITERATURE CITED Cash, E. K. 1948. Six new Indian discomycetes. Mycologta 40: 724-727. Clements «FB. & Shear; Cock. 193). .fhewgeneramowm tung: = NewevOrk eH We Witscon- COV 496 popes cps Dennis, R. W. G.. 1949. A revision of the British Hyaloscy— phaceae with notes on related European species. Mycol. POD. 325 7L=97: . 1954. Some inoperculate discomycetes of tropi-— cal America. Kew Bull. 9: 289-348, Haines, J. H. 1980. Studies in the Hyaloscyphaceae I: Some species of Dasyscyphus on tropical ferns. Mycotaxon bss 189-216. Sumo nN tw oe. 1983. Studies in the Hyaloscy- phaceae II: Proliferodiscus, a new genus of Arachno- peziziodeac.) Mycologia 75: 535-5434 Hohnel, F. von. 1909. Fragmente zur Mykologie (VIII. Mit- teilung, Nr. 354 bis 406). Sttzunsber, Kaiserl. Akad. Wtss., Math-Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. Ey C118 sll 1246 ae Ls Seca Koreas R. P. 1978. Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Lastobelontum, Ertoseypha and Ertoscyphella. Mycotaxon 7: 399-406. 1982. Mycological and lichenological implica- tions of changes in the code of nomenclature enacted in 19S lL Myecoraron: 141476-490 . a Patouillard, N. & Gaillard, A. 1888. Champignons du Vene- quela et principalement de la region du Haut-Orénoque, récoltés en 1887 par M. A. Gaillard. Bull. Soc. Mycol. Franee 4: 92-129. Ratitviir, Ae “lO70.) sSynopsete. of the BHyatoscypnacede. perqpia MucOL. | Es) ta LES, . £980;" The’ genus Lastopelontum. “Sertpta Mycol. 9: 99-132. mnayners Rew, | 19700 TA Mucologr cal, Colourvchare. riChart 12 Sheets 1-8; Chart II; Sheets 1-8. Commonwealth Myco- logical Institute, Kew. Saccardo, P. A. 1884. Conspectus generum Discomycetum hucusquecognitorum.) (Bots Centrarbw a6. 1-16. 1889. Sylloge fungorum, omntum hucusque ecognttorum. 8: i-xvi, 1-1143. #G reih or hte & MYCOTAXON Volver. pp ube S January-March 1984 ASCOSPHAERA SPECIES INCITING CHALKBROOD IN NORTH AMERICA AND A TAXONOMIC KEY! JOAN B. ROSE“ AND MARTHA CHRISTENSEN Department of Botany, Untversity of Wyomtng hoaramte, WY 820714. Usa WILLIAM T. WILSON Honey Bee Pestietdes/Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Laramte, WY 82071, USA SUMMARY Chalkbrood-infected larvae of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and the leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) were obtained from various locations in the United States, Canada and Central America. The samples were examined for Ascosphaera species present, mating type distribution, and strain compatibility. All strains obtained were tested for compatibility with one another and also were mated with authentic cultures of A. apis, A. major and A. proltperda. The three species tested are not interfertile. Ascos- phaera apts was the only Ascosphaera species observed in 260 honey bee mummies and all strains were compatible. In the white honey bee mummies, 44% were + mating type only, 27% were - mating type only, and 29% contained both mating types. All leafcutting bee mummies (13 collections, 221 mummies) were encased in ascocarps of A. aggregata, but A. apts also was recovered from 23% of the samples. Ascos- phaera apts only was recovered from one soil cell of the alkali bee (Nomia melandert). The common pathogenic species in North America appear to be A. apis in honey bees and A. aggregata in leafcutting bees. At present there are no authentic North American records for A. major or A. proltperda. A dichotomous key to the eight described species in Bettsta and Ascosphaera is appended as an aid to species identifications. Additional keywords: honey bee, insect mycosis, leaf- cutting bee, Apis mellifera, Megachile centuncularts, Megachile rotundata, Nomta melandert, Osmta rufa. Present address: Department of Microbiology, University OtyAT zona, “tucson, AZ SS7bi,. USA. 42 INTRODUCTION Chalkbrood is a fungal disease which infects the brood of honey bees and some solitary bees. The disease was first described from Germany in honey bees (Apts mel- Lifera L.) (Maassen, 1913). Subsequently it was reported from Switzerland ain 1918, Poland in 1921, France’ in, 2929, England in 1932, Scotland in 1934, New Zealand in 1957, and ‘from Japan in 1973 (Hitchcock, 1972; Udagawa’ & Horie, 1974). Chalkbrood was first observed in North America in Utah in 1965 by Baker and Torchio (1968), who isolated + and” ="Strains of, WAaraptsevar. apis" c(Spiltotaws Olive, 1955) from the nest of a leafcutting bee (Megachile inermis Provancher) which contained a "living non-infected prepupa" that later was reared to the adult stage. In 1966, those same investigators identified "A. apts var. major" from the cell of a soil nesting bee (Anthophora pactftea Cresson) where, also, there was a living non-infected prepupa (Baker & Torchio, 1968). .In view of the imprecise distinction of those Ascosphaera varieties prior to 1972 (Skou, 1972; see also Hitchcock & Christensen, 1972 and Christensen & Gilliam, 1983), we suspect that in both instances the fun- gus wasA. apie sensu Skou (1972). Baker and) Torchio (1968) did not establish reproductive isolation in their taxa, and A. major sensu Skou (1972) has not been observed in North America since 1965. Chalkbrood had been recorded in association with wild bees twice prior to 1965 -- in England, Melville and Dade (1944) reported finding the fun- gus with the dead pupa of a leafcutting bee (Megachile sp.) and Clout (1956) reported it from the nest of Osmta rufa L. The first records of chalkbrood in honey bees in North America were: 1) diagnosis in 1968 of the disease in a honey bee larva from Tehama County, California (Thomas & Poindr), 1973).,°') 2): a carefully tdocumented “epi z00tic an Caliiormia in’ 1970 and 71971 "(Thomas’& Luce, 1972)), 722) identification of the disease in Nebraska and Wyoming in 1971 (Hitchcock & Christensen, 1972; Christensen & Gilliam, 1983), and 4) a report of its occurrence in Canada in P9711 (Gochnauer et al’. 1972). By 1975, chalkbrood! was an established and common disease in honey bees in the United States and Canada (Menapace & Wilson, 1976; Nelson et al., L977 9 As the management of native and introduced species of wild bees for pollination has increased, chalkbrood also has become epidemic in those populations (Stephen et al., 1981). To date, it has been reported in two species of Megachtle and in Osmia. Chalkbrood has not yet been re- ported in the native alkali bee (Nomta melandert Ckll.), but may be present in soil nests (Skou 1972, 1975, 19824; Batra et al. , V973)- “The disease’ has!) becometa serious threat to the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata [Fabr.]) (Stephen & Undurraga, 1978; Stephen et al., 1981). The disease first became apparent in M. rotundata in Cali- fornia vinwl9 71s (Thomas & Poinar, (1973). /ByVio7Ssitewas 43 epizootic in managed leafcutting bee populations in Cali- fornia and Nevada, and it subsequently spread rapidly throughout western America; in 1977 there were reports of brood losses of more than 50% (Vandenberg & Stephen, 1982). The incitants of chalkbrood are several species in the genusi Aecosoiacera, Olive .s. Spit toin o(Skou ,.1972, 1979, 1982a; Skou & Hackett, 1979). A few years after the earl- lest vaccounts of 'verdeyvstte) apis i(Maassen, 9137) 1.916; Claussen, 1921), European workers (Maurizio, 1934; Prokschl, 1953) reported two forms of that species, which later became Ascosphaera apis (Maassen ex Claussen) Olive S/Spilctoir ‘and 4. mayor (Proksch)) '&/Zobl),"Skou. According to Skou (1972), both species are pathogenic in larvae of the honey bee and much less frequently may attack Megachile larvae, perhaps primarily as facultative parasites. In his review of chalkbrood in honey bees, Bailey (1981) contends that A. major may be a "secondary invader of moribund lar- vae". Recently, five additional species in Ascosphaera have been described: A. proltperda Skou and A. aggregata Skou, incitants of chalkbrood in wild bees (Megachile species and 0... rufa) iA. frmecola Skou' from the, tecal pel- lets of wild bees; and A. atra Skou & Hackett and A. aster- ophora Skou, both apparently saprophytic but occurring with chalkbrood in leafcutting bees. (Skou, 1972, 1975, 1982a; Skou & Hackett, 1979). The study described here was undertaken to determine 1) “the species of Ascoephaera present in’ North America and responsible for recent epizootics in honey bees and leafcutting bees, 2) distributions of the + and - mating types Of Ascosphaera apis, and 3) strain compatibilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chalkbrood-diseased larvae (mummies) of honey bees and wild bees were acquired from bee inspectors and re- search scientists in various areas of the United States, Canada and Central America (Tables 1,3). Three to five black mummies from each sample were examined microscopi- cally. Ascocarps (spore cysts in Skou, 1982b) on the sur- faces of the mummies were scraped off and morphological features of the spores, spore balls and spore cysts were noted in detail. Whole mummies were mounted on studs and gold-coated for examination under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe ornamentation of the cyst wall (Skou, 1972; Stepheh et al, 1981). Subsequently, additional black mummies from each sample were separately crushed and placed in 10 ml of sterile distilled water. Subsamples of 0.5 ml were plated in duplicate on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with two percent yeast extract (SDA). Following the general method of Thomas and Luce (1972), the SDA plates were placed in Tor- bal jars which were purged with COy gas and then left with a slight positive pressure of CO7. After 72 hours at 35°C, 44 the plates were removed and incubated aerobically at 35°C. Fungal colonies developing after 5 to 7 days were isolated and adentified. ~Suspénsions. of larval mummies,of the leat— cutting bee were incubated as described above on a V-8 juice medium (Kish, 1980) as well as on SDA. A soil cell, diseased adults, and larvae of the alkali bee (N. metan- dert) from the state of Washington also were examined for Ascosphaera species using the general procedures already described. In further attempts to grow the Ascosphaera from the Megachile mummies, 1-ml aliquots of suspensions of crushed mummies were inoculated into tissue culture flasks (5 ml volume) containing a monolayer of larval cells of Aedes alboptetus (Skuse). A second 1-ml portion was inoculated into the tissue culture medium alone. All flasks were ex- amined for evidence of growth of Ascosphaera using an in- verted light microscope. White mummies from honey bees were sliced into 8-10 pieces with a sterilized razor blade, and the sections were placed on malt extract agar acidified to pH 3.6 with lactic acid. These plates were incubated at 35°C and resulting colonies were transferred to tubes of malt extract agar. Mating type of hyphae growing from each section was determined by test-plating with known + and - cultures of A. apts (Christensen & Gilliam, 1983). Compatibility among strains and compatibility with a subculture of A. apts obtained from Bailey (1981) in Britain were determined Similarly. Interspecific fertility was examined by attempting Matenes Of) + and — strains: Of AA apce, AS mayor “(Ges G86.-71), and A. proltiperda (CBS 687. 71), in: all ‘combinatione. Cultures of the latter species were obtained from the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) at Baarn, Netherlands. The key to species uses our own observations and measurements of A. apts in mummies and in culture, A. aggregata in mummies, and A. major and A. proltiperda in culture. In addition, it incorporates data from the com- prehensive studies by Skou and co-workers (Skou, 1972, 1975, 1982a; Skou & Hackett, 1979); the synoptic features for A, atra, A. fimieola, A. asterophora and Pettsid -alver in the key and in Table 4 are derived entirely from the detailed descriptions contained in those publications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Thirty-two samples with varying numbers of black and white mummies of the honey bee were received from 12 states, Canada and Guatemala. The results from our ex- amination of 260 black mummies are shown in Table 1. All mummies were infected with A. apis. Although no other Ascosphaera species were recovered, several species in other genera grew from mummy pieces on SDA including 45 TABLE 1: Ascosphaera Species from Black Honey Bee Mummies. No. of No. of mummies Date Ascosphaera Area samples examined collected species present United States Arizona Casa Blanca A 10 3/77 A. apts Tucson 4 40 12/77, 6/78 A. apts Yuma hi 10 Sit A. apts Florida Ft. Pierce 14 10 Sa, A. apts La Belle 1 10 2/70 A. apts Tllinois Lombard 1 10 Nmeyie A. apts Michigan Saginaw i 10 6/78 A. apis Nevada Reno 2 12 1970 A. apte New York Ithaca af 10 9/78 fe ODEs Fishers 1 10 10/78 A. apts North Carolina Mooreville 1 10 8/77 As GQpts Ohio Columbus 3 18 10/78 A. apts Virginia Shenandoah Valley 1 6 1970 Ay. apts Appomattox County 1 6 4/79 A. apts Clark County a 6 4/79 AS apis Northampton County 1 6 9/79 A. apts Warren County is 6 4/79 A. apts Washington Albion 1 10 7/78 A. apts West Virginia ; Kearnsville 1 10 5/78 A. apis Wyoming Laramie i 10 9/78 A. apts Canada Alberta 5 30 6/77 A. saps Central America Guatemala 1 10 TZ /on0 A. apts 46 Aspergillus flavus Link, a causative agent of stonebrood in bees. All white mummies also were found to be infected with A. apts only. Mating type occurrences are shown in Table 2. The mating type distribution shown in Table 2 is very similar to that reported by Christensen & Gilliam (1983) for larvae collected inithe early’ 1970"s. In both, surveys, number of larvae infected by A. apis + only has: been 1.6- 3.3 times the number infected with - only. Possible ex- planations for mummies containing a single mating type are: 1) the larva ingested one spore or was invaded by the hyphae from one spore; 2) the larva ingested many spores which germinated, but one mating type was more vigorous and super- seded the other (Christensen & Gilliam, 1983); 3) one Mating type had an advantage over the other as a result of particular external conditions; 4) a range of conditions in the gut favored growth of one mating type or the other (Christensen & Gilliam, 1983); and 5) the source of in- fection was mycelium of the observed mating type (Bailey, 1981). Twenty-nine percent of the mummies had both mating types; although the fungus had failed to sporulate in the larva, cysts and spores did develop on artificial media. Perhaps nutrient requirements, competition with secondary invaders, microenvironment within the larva, age of the larva at infection or death, or the length of time the mummy is left in the hive influences the ability of the fungus to complete its life cycle. At present, our meager TABLE 2: Mating Types of A. apts in White Honey Bee Mummies. No. of mummies + mating - mating Sample examined type only type only Both United States Arizona 18 6 6 6 Florida 1) 1 0 6 Illinois 5 Z 1 2 Michigan 6 S 1 Z Nevada 6 2 1 S New York 10 5 2 3 North Carolina jj 2 3 Z Ohio 5 DY, 2 Hi Virginia 8 6 2 0 Washington 15 10 5 0 Wyoming ¥/ 2 3 Zz Canada Alberta 6 3 1 2 Central America Guatemala 7 3 Z 2 Total 107 47 29 31 Percentage 43.9% 27.13% 29.0% 47 knowledge of the processes of spore germination, growth and interaction of mating types, and maturation of the fungus in the larva has hampered both understanding of the fungus and progress toward development of control measures (Citiiam, VO78s'Gilliam’ etiala; 4978; Bailey, 1981). All cultures from the white mummies were compatible with one another and with the A. apts obtained from England. This finding also is in agreement with the report by Christensen & Gilliam (1983) of complete intraspecific com- PAatibi Livy am As .¢pise., — it there are: differences in jstrains OruA. cpi6)-Lrom dicterent, parts of theovcs., Canada, Guatemala and England, they are not evident in either mor- phology or ability to mate. None oft, the ‘cubltures (of 4. apts mated with A. major or A. proltperda, however, nor did those species mate with one another. Thus these three species of Ascosphaera, all heterothallic, are reproduc- tively isolated taxa. Thirteen samples of chalkbrood mummies of Megachile rotundata were examined from four states where that bee is managed as a pollinator. Microscopic examination revealed that all of the 221 mummies were infected with A. aggregata (Table 3). We did not obtain growth of that species on either SDA or the V-8 medium. In the tissue culture ex- periments, spores of A. aggregata germinated on the larval mosquito monolayer, perhaps in response to CO? stimulation (Kish, 1980), but there was not continued growth of the fungus here or on artificial media. In three instances, A. apts grew from all mummies examined in the given sample (Table 3).. Thus, although the Megachitle larvae apparently were colonized primarily by A. aggregata, A. apts was present as well as evidenced by its rapid growth from sections of mummies. Ascosphaera apis also was recovered from the soil cell of the alkali bee (Nomta melandert), but the accompanying adults and larvae contained Aspergillus flavus with no evidence of Ascosphaera. Of the four pathogenic Ascosphaera species described, Only two, Aa “apts7in Apte ‘melbifera and A. saggregata in Megachtle rotundata, are authentically known from North America thus far. Furthermore, as pathogens in nature, those two incitants of chalkbrood in North America do not appear to be cross-infective. In view of our demonstration Of A. apts in Megachile and Nomta nests, earlier reports of its association with Anthophora pactftea, Megachile species and W. melandert (Baker & Torchio, 1968; Batra et al., 1973; Gilliam, 1978), and the report of Vandenberg et al. (1980) of adherence of literally hundreds of thousands of Ascosphaera spores to the external surfaces of foraging leafcutting bees, however, it appears tenable that trans- mission of pathogens between honey bees and wild bees may Occur when territories and food sources overlap. Ascosphaera major was not found in either honey bees or leafcutting bees in the present study nor was 4. proltperda isolated from any of the samples. The latter species, which incites a "chalk-brood-like" disease, is 48 / TABLE 3: Ascosphaera Species from Leafcutting Bee Mummies (Megachile rotundata). No. of No. of mummies Date Ascosphaera Area samples examined collected species present Nevada Jungo 1 La ue Ws A.. aggregata. Lovelock 2 34 1978 A. aggregata; A. apts. Orovada A L7 LOTS A. aggregata. Oklahoma Stillwater af Li L979 A. aggregata. Oregon Umapine 2 34 11/78 A. aggregata. Washington Lowden iE hy 10/78 A. aggregata. Touchet 3 oat 11/78 A. aggregata. Touchet L 17 11/78 A. aggregata; A. apts. Warden ah V7 1978 A. aggregata. known,only from Denmark from Megachile centunecularits L. reargd in greenhouses (Skou, 1972). /) The four pathogenic species in Ascosphaera differ frcem one another in spore size and shape (length/width ratio), ornamentation of the spore cyst wall, size of the spore cyst, and position of the spore cysts in relation to the larval integument. The surface of a black mummy infected with A. apis is a mixture of spore cysts and hyphae, and larvae mummified by A. major and A. proltperda also bear spore cysts superficially -(Skou,) 1972, 1975, LSs2zb). Larvae attacked by A. aggregata aré very different in appearance in that the spore cysts are subcuticular (Skou, 1975, 1982b; Vandenberg & Stephen, 1982) and upon expansion rupture the surface of the mummy, hence the common name "ragged-brood disease" (Skou, 1982a). | Ascosphaera proltperda can be distinguished easily from A. apts and A. major by its much larger spores (Table 4; Figs. 1-5) and its spore cyst wall which is ornamented with "confluent small and larger warts" (Skou, 1972). Ascoéphaera apts and A. major differ in spore dimensions, spore length/width ratio, size of the spore cysts, and ornamentation of the Sporeucyst wallieitVable 4; Pags:.. I-5). (Skouslo 7221 Aa Christensen & Gilliam, 1983). The three apparently saprophytic species (A. fitmtcola, A. atra, A. asterophora) were not recovered or examined in this study, although both 4. atra and A. asterophora have been isolated by others from the mummies or nests of leaf- cutting bees (M. rotundata) affected by A. aggregata (Skou, & Hackett, 1979; Skou, 1982a). The distinctive features for those three species are: 1) A. atra is homothallic with larger spores (up to 9 x 5 um) than have been recorded in any Other species in Ascosphaera (Table 4; Fig. 5); a *pouTuteqepun AQToOTueboyjzed ‘setul -unu-oivbeurbbo *y woay ATuO uMOUy “pyppunqzod “Ww UT SeATeT PETIT y-07vbeubbo *y pue ueTTod yzT™M peqetoosse ‘oe jAydordes e AT juUereddy ‘p{nk Diwsg JO SszeTTed Teosy uo oqAudoades e se ATUO UMOUY *S1AD] -nounzuee ‘jy UT pooraqyTeEyo sejToul "DIN D1LWSC pue “o4opunjou “pw “Sslapj]nounzUeo e71yoobey] UT poozrgyTeyo sezToOuL "stun no -unquee aq1yoo3ay ‘eeq ButzqnozeeT pue Asuoy ey} UT poorzqpyTeyo sezToul *paiefi77aw sidy ‘seq Aoucy eyuj UT poozrop{Teyo sejzToul S0UeTINDIO (227 X9-c) (VZ-€T) G°€ ut €°[T X¥ O°P wit €°6T (S-Z X 6-6) (81-6) O5Z unm g°€ X E°L wt 2 °ZT (Gee Ve) (ST-9) ae Ul £°T xX Le wnt €°OT (§°€-L°T * S°L-S"€) (SZ-TT) fecac c wl pz X L°S-G°S wt ZT roc -€°T X 8°9-8°€) (SZ-OT) GFE Ut 6° 1X C8 5-9-F wi T°LT (G°T-T X P-€) (VZ-6) 9°C Us €°T X-P-€ wr 7° OT (£°@-T X S*€-Z) (8T-L) hers LG ae Wee Se: ar Al eh Nae Ina AE otTqer YAPTM/UAbusI suOTSUcUTC sezods STTeqemods (6ST-82) un 7°€6 (92-7) wit "7S (SZ1-SZ) wi 7°79 (80Z-0L) wrt SGT-PET TeTNOTANoOQns (78€-00T * SPS-OPT) wit GOE X @LP (0SZ-6S) wt O€T-82T (OZT-SP) w 78-08 sasAd 32z0dS pioydoieysp * jo) a oa pjoowas ppied11 oad pivbeibbo * Aolou * egdp.* TY v ‘paapydsoosy UT SeTOedS ueAeS ey} AOJF SOueZIMOOO pue seanjzeed SATITUTIEd FO Arewns YW :p IAL py ] | ) ) 7 Figures 1-4. Spore balls and ascospores of the known path- ogenic species in Ascosphaera. X 1500. 4 Figs) lL. Al tape. Pidgsr2. 2 Ae vinagote Ibigs: (3. A proliperda” |) iii ¢ spanieae aggregata. 2) <A. asterophora is heterothallic and has pale yellow fusiform spores which are radiately-arranged in the spore baits (Skou', 2982a))3"and* 3) .A. "ftmieola, known only trom the cells and pollen stores of Osmita rufa and not yet suc- cessfully cultured, has spores which are intermediate in size between ‘those of A. apis and A. major, and those ora aggregata, A. proltiperda and A. atra (Table 4") Pigt .5)c. Additionally, A. proltperda and A. atra grow readily on standard agar media, whereas A. aggregata and A. ftmicola fail to grow or grow ephemerally on such media (Skou, 1975; Kish,/’1980). . The Ascosphaera species constitute a very interesting group Of fungi primarily associated with bees. Further in- vestigations on pathogenicity, host specificity, geographic distributions, and means of spread are needed and presum- ably will be forthcoming as investigators gain experience in species identifications and continue to develop in vivo techniques (Fichter et al., 1981; Vandenberg & Stephen, L982). The following key and Table 4 are presented in the ex- ~- tARB LA FG AAHIAN AF 51 *(4x90Q 90S) OTTTeyyzouoy st vaiyzv *p ATuo ‘satoeds eTqeazanqtno sy Hutzeptsuod (Zz pue ‘etpew pazep -ueqS UO MOZH jou Op vVyavhbeubho -y pue VjJootm7f *y SeTTYM aebe Zoez4xXe ATew uo ATTpee.z MOTD Daa” “yy pue vacydoteqgen “y Sppaodijoad *y “aolvm_y “side “y AT **UOTAPOTITaquSpr O2-prle ue Se ATTBUOTIIppY “Zoro “y pue s7dv "7 203 uMOUS. o2e Sehuez Uybuey ~“ayoia ou Of HbuTpueyzxXe suTT 3yq Aq pezeotTpuTt st yAbueT wnwtxew pue [ToquAs eyy Aq umoyUS ae UApTM pue yyhHueT ues] ‘vaavydsoosy ut setoeds £ ey} ACF suotTsusutp etods *Gg sanhbTty (wt) HLONST 6 8 Z 9 G v € cA (a) (WT) HIGIM ne) aa species in Bettsia and Ascosphaera (Ascosphaerales, sensu Skouy 19825). Cr tarvt. o fe Key to Species in the Ascosphaerales Spores spherical, not in spore balls; Chrysosportum conidial states Saprophy tic: On) pollens 2) ie ane e ee Ste WA de acre an wDetteta alpen) (SKOUs LOZ eo coe Spores elongated, in spore balls; conidial state un- RTPOWI Wek sie pe alah ak sept ees cia, bh pte bar Pak nen Rg ADL tae k Nanhai Cane a 2. Spores no longer than 4.0 um with an average length near 3-3.5 um. Mainly pathogenic inciting chalk- brood in the honey bee, Apts. melitfera. \s\ 2). \s98 2. tSpoxres \up to: 4.7) pm or more (in length.” Mainiy associated with the leafcutting bee, Megachtle, or MaAsOn DES OSME a, Veviegs is CL eho Gade te) i ahaa eaten Spore cysts mostly near 130 um in diam, range 59-250 ui. erkapid -qrowtl on? most-med ia i.e ..0eeo cs Cuatro pAscosphaera major. (Skou, 1972, 1982b)"\ Pigs. 2 eo. Spore cysts mostly near 82 um in diam, range 45-120 um. Rapiad-a.growth oni most: media vy sc )sh 5 2 Siow | oe Pees Ce Pes SANGO OS a OKOU, Pao 1c em oOo Zoi) i Figsas sliver. 45 (Spore average size’ 3.7 x,127).um, wange -256-40jae 1.1-2.6 wm; spore cysts globose, mostly near 64 um diam, range 25-125 um. Mainly saprophytic, associated with fecal pellets of the mason bee; has not beenyqrown on artifkicital media, <7. 44-\.0seee oe ear ks ws le 6 ys telyetan PEMLeCOLG? (SKOUs tame 4.° Spores or spore cysts larger than above... ean. Spore cysts oblong, large,subcuticular; spore average Size) 4.6°>x 1.8 um, range’ 3./8=-6.8 x 1.3=2.6 4. Madey pathogenic inciting chalkbrood in the leafcutting bee, Megachile; in our experience, growth lacking or ephemera lon arta fiicral madaa is .\is2 5 eS eee tise s An aggregaca, (Skou,, 1975, 1982b)\ iets. ar Spore cysts globose. Mycelium culturable on most MOORE PAF Soe eters SET ve bist ele ne Far eee Lee ce. ae er 6.) ‘Spore “average size4.6 x 1.3 ym, mange 23=6 xei=2 um; spores several hundred per spore ball and radiately arranged about a hollow centrum, giving each spore ball a star-like appearance; spore cysts mostly near 93 wm in diam, range 28-159 ym. Known only from Megachtle larvae killed by A. aggregata. inoue te hve tes) or aus AL Cerenop hare S kat iris a ee AS pea Miata eranet Stejskal (1974), reportedly an in- alkbrood in honey bees in Venezuela, resembles Bettsta alvet in that both have conidial states. We agree with the comment (Skou, 1975) that verification of the Venezuelan fungus would be desirable. 55 6. Spores larger than above and not radiately arranged, £m, che Spore bal tare aE Mei evi Ne ee Gee Sporer average: S12e 507) 2.2.4) um, range rao - 7.5 x. 1. 7 3.5 um; spore cysts mostly near 134-155 ym in diam, range 70-208 um. Mainly pathogenic inciting chalk- brood, in) Megachi tle! centuncularise.% 2% (ie oa a ea procipevad (Skou, \LO72)is BAS tS po = iia Spore average’ $126 7.3 13. 65um," range 4-9 x 2-5 1m; spore cysts mostly near 52 wm in diam, range 27-76 um. Saprophytic, but often in nests of the leafcutting Deer MeCICHT es wis sas aetna (SKOU SnacCketr, 197.9)’. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Dr. J. P. Skou for his confirma- tion of our identification of Ascosphaera aggregata and thank Dr. Martha Gilliam for her advice and encouragement throughout the study. The following individuals supplied diseased larvae: W. H. Arnett, D. M. Burgett, L. Connor, Maneormner yD. sDeJongp tao. Fin, Me Glibaame: yD. "A. GOCh— naver., -G.. Henn, EF. Hilbig,C.. A. Johansen, -D. “Knox, J. 7°O. Morirect, H..P.) Powers, D.. C. .Prusso, “f./B.2 Rinderer, PF. A. Robinson, W. C. Rothenbuhler, N. Sharp, G. Stevens, R. Stevenson, L. Stockton, and R. B. Wellemeyer. The study was supported in part by funds from the Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, and the Honey Bee Pesti- cides/Diseases Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Laramie, Wyoming. LITERATURE CITED Bailey, L. 1981. “Honey Bee Pathology." Academic Press, New York. Baker) uG. UM. cand “Torchio, PoP. L968. “New records or Ascosphaera apts from North America. Mycologta, 60, 139-190; Batra pilin Ree ba clay os We Jeo) and Boharte "Geek. L973. The mycoflora of domesticated and wild bees (Apoidea). Mycopathol. and Mycol. ,appl.;. 49, 13-44. Christensen, M., and Gilliam, M. 1983. Notes on the Ascosphaera species inciting chalkbrood in honey bees. Apidologte, (in press). Claussen, P. 1921. Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuch- ungen uber den Erreger der als "Kalkbrut" bezeich- neten Krankheit der Bienen. Arbetten Biol. Retch- sanst. Land-Forstw., 10, 467-521. Clout, Geen. 1 £956." *Chalebrood ‘and hunchback: flies. "bee CROP So, et ol Fichter, B. L., Stephen, W. P., and Vandenberg, J. D. 1981. An aseptic technique for rearing larvae of the leatecutting bee, Megachile rotundata, J.’ Apte. Res., 20, 184-188. 54 Gril iam Me.) 1978. Pung olin "Honey “bee (Pests) Predators, and Diseases" (R. Aw Morse, ed.), pp-.-.78-L0l. “Corner University Press, Ithaca. Gillian, M., Taber, iS; 7 ITT, and Rosey i .1 Ben lovee eens bre brood disease of honey bees, Apis mellifera L.: a progress report. Apidologte, 9, 75-89. Gochnauern,. T. vA Hugnes/6S 0d.) and Corner, Wis hoiee Chalkbrood disease of honey bee larvae -- a threat to Canadian beekeeping? Canada Agric., 17, 36-37. Hitchcock, J..D. 1972. \Chalkbrood disease of ‘honey bees: aMEeVICW cr amen. Boer s.. ,st toy SU0=3045 Hitehcock) oc. /D., and “Christensen, M., 1972. Occurrence of chalkbrood (Ascosphaera apis) in honey bees in the United States. Mycologta, 64, 1193-1198. Kish, L. P. 1980. Spore germination of Ascosphaera spp. associated with the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile Potundatas wots Invertepr. Pathol.;, 36 7 b25=228 Maassen, A. 1913. Weitere Mitteilungen uber der seuchen- aften Brutkrankeiten der Bienen. Mitt. Katserl. Btol. Anst. Land-Forstw., 14, 48-58. Maassen, A. 1916. Uber Bienenkrankheiten. Mitt. Katserl. BLoOl. Anet. Land-foretu:, 16, 51-58. Maurizio, A. 1934. Uber die Kalkbrut (Pericystis-Mykose) der Bienen. Arch. Bienenk., 15,,165-193. Melville, R., and Dade, H: A. 1944... > Chalkbrood attacking a wild bee. Wature, 153, 112. Menapace, D., and Wilson, W. T. 1976. The spread of chalkbrood in the North American honey bee, Apts mel- Leper, weramewr. Becta | LOD TO Oss Nelson, D. L., Barder, R. G., Bland, S. E.,Soehngen, U.,,and Corner, J. 1977. Western Canadian chalkbrood disease survey of honey bees, 1976. Amer. Bee J., 117, 494- A967 0 5). Prokschl, H. 1953. Beitrdge zur Kenntnis der Entwicklung- sgeschichte von Pericystts apts Maassen. Arch. Mtkro- BOL, 56, 98-2097 Skou;, 0.) P., 1972. Ascosphaeralées. —&rivesia, 10 .a-24- Skou, J. P.. 1975. Two new species of Asecosphaera and notes on the conidial state of Bettsta alvet. Rriestas Ll jyOl= 14: Skou, J. P. 1982a. Ascosphaera asterophora species nov. MU COLAO ALA TAQ) 59%, Skou, J. P. 1982b. Ascosphaerales and their unique asco- mata. Mycotaxon, 15, 487-499. skOUy jd. Pl, pandunackett)) KK... 11979 4, A new homothnavrac species Of) Ascosphaera.. Friesia, Liye 265-271. Spiltoing CF end Olive, lb. Sie oP955. 9A rec taesat tess tion of the genus Pericystis Betts. Mycologia, Aq, 2a 244s Stejskal, M. 1974. Arrhenosphaera cranei, gen. et sp. nov. a bee-hive fungus found in Venezuela. J. Apic. RGG ie, iS, 59-45; stephen, W. P..,, and Undurraga, J. M.. 1978. “Chalkbrood Disease in the Leafcutting Bee." Oregon State Univer- sity Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 630. Oregon State University, Corvallis. Stephen; W.P. ) Vandenberg, J. Ds, and’ Pichter, BL. 1981. "Etiology and Epizootiology of Chalkbrood in the Leafcutting Bee, Megachile rotundata (Fabricius), with Notes on Ascosphaera Species." Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin NO. 653. °° Oregon State University, Corvallis. Thomas, )G..M.,"and Luce, “Ae. /1972." “An epizootic: of chalk- brood, Ascosphaera apts (Massen [sic] ex Claussen) Olive and Spiltoir in the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. in Ca weLOrl la. WAmeit hee ada.) bak, 88-90% Phomas,. GCG. M.., wand Poinar, G./O.))-dr.. 919733. Report: of diagnoses of diseased insects, 1962-1972. Hilgardia, Ae O13 359", Udagawa, S., and Horie, S. 1974. -Notes on some Japanese Recomycetes X11.) Tras: myeol. Soe. .sapan, wo, 105- oe Vandenberg, 3. /D..,. Fichter)’ B. ol..,/and) Stephen; Ww R. 1980. Spore load of Ascosphaera species on emerging adults of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile fomundata. App li. Environ. Microbiol 179397. 1690-655. Vandenberg, J. D:; “and Stephen, Ww (P. 1982. Etiology and symptomatology of chalkbrood in the alfalfa leafcut- tang bee, Megacht le srotundata.” f..Invertebr. \Pathol., So ts jake 2 MYCOTAXON NODE NN eye January-March 1984 NOs bh Cle IMA AND IAPT SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETINGS AT IMC, Meetings of the Nomenclature Secretariat of the Interna- tional Mycological Association and of the Special Commit- tee for Fungi and Lichens of the International Associa- tion for Plant Taxonomy were held during the Phinds ai. ternational Mycological Congress in Tokyo, September 1 and August 30, 1983, respectively. The IMA Nomenclature Secretariat requested formal dis- banding of the Secretariat, since the IAPT Special Com-— mittee had previously agreed to assume the unfinished tasks of the) Secretariat “and to’ accept." the!) repor weaics the few remaining Subcommittees that had been organized under. the Secretariat...As ‘of this writing, the “iaeNce menclature functions have been so transferred. The IAPI Special Committee met to discuss its new for mat ‘under the new regulations of the Nomenclature Sect— tionof “TAPT | and «the, Botanical ‘Congresses. (It -alsoadect ded not to increase its membership from the 15 appointed at the Sydney Botanical Congress to the 18 it was so empowered to do (the 3 additional members were to have been nominated by the IMA Nomenclature Secretariat). Ronald Petersen announced his decision to retire as. Sec- retary .of the LAPT. Special: Committee for’ Fungo? and lee chens, and nominations for a replacement were solicited at the meeting and by mail from all committeee members. Only two nominees were suggested, and when one of the nominees withdrew his name from consideration, the new Secretary of the Committee became, by default, Richard P. Korf, Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University, Lee NY 14853, USA. He assumed his duties December HP nS for MYCOTAXON VOMEXIX, pp eoiin GY January-March 1984 STUDIES IN THE PEZIZACEAE, 1. INTRODUCTION, 2, PEZIZA APICULATA AND ITS RELATIVES GERALD HIRSCH Friedrich - Schiller ~ Universitat Jena, Sektion Biologie, Herbarium Hausskmecht, DDR - 6900 Jena, SchloBgasse, G.D.R. The present paper contains the first two parts of a new series concerning the tax- onomy of the family Pezizaceae. Part 1 deals with the general placement of the amyloid genera in the system of Pezizales. The new tribe Pachyelleae G. Hirsch trib. nov. is described in the Pezizaceae for the isolated genus Pachyella Boud. In Part 2 a recent collection of the in- sufficiently known Peziza apiculata Cke. is described extensively. This species together with the related ones P. thoze- f2j4 co wel acnrog, ana pernaps (Ps Corl: and Aleurina subapiculata, form a section Ciiive, own: Peziza in sect, Aléurodiscina (Malengon) G. Hirsch comb. nov. 1, Nearly all contemporary authors accept a family Pezizaceae Fr. within the order Pezizales (Gamundi 1960, 1975; Dennis 1960, 1968, 1978; Maas Geesteranus 1967; Eckblad 1968; Rifai 1968; Kimbrough 1970; Korf 1972, 1973). The circum- scription of this family Pezizaceae is different by the different authors. Some genera, for inst- ance Peziza L., and, if acknowledged as differ- ent from Peziza, also Plicaria Fuck. and Sarco- sphaera Auersw., are traditionally recognized by all authors as members of the family. Represen- tatives of these genera have an ascus wall which is staining distinctive blue by use of iodine, 58 what means, it is amyloid. Other genera of the Pezizales which also have an amyloid ascus wall, like Ascobolus and Saccobolus, are classified as members of the family Ascobolaceae Sacc. The tax- onomic: position of still another number of genera has often changed, and some of them are sometimes placed in the family Pezizaceae, too. Such genera are, for instance, Thecotheus Boud. and Iodopha- nus Korf, which are included by Kimbrough & Korf (1967) in the family Pezizaceae,: by others in the relationship of the Pseudoascoboleae. Other exam- ples are Boudiera Cke. (cf. Dissing & Schumacher 1979; Hirsch 1980, 1983) and Pachyella Boud. The last mentioned genus was emended by Pfister(1973) and limited to species with amyloid ascus walls. Seaver (1928) and recently Donadini (1980) even want to unite this genus with Peziza s.str.. This seems to me very inappropriate, because the spe- cies of Pachyella have some characteristic featu- res which distinguish them clearly from the rest of the genera in the Pezizaceae: - presence of hyphoid hairs which often form a tomentum on the ectal excipulum; - presence of a gel inside the excipulum; - inconstancy of ascus wall reaction with iod- ine (especially in European collections of Pachyella babingtonii); - relatively thick walled ascospores. I think that Pachyella occupies a rather iso- lated position in the family Pezizaceae. This should be reflected by the reservation of a tribe of its own for that genus: Pezizaceae Fr. tribus Pachyelleae G. Hirsch OLD. NOM. Apothecia pulvinata, discoidea. Asci opercu- lati, octospori, parietibus in iodo caeru- lescentibus, sed reactio inconstans. Asco- sporae hyalinae, crassitunicatae, laeves vel Ornamentis cyanophilis ornatae. Excipulum pro parte gelatinosum, strato superficiale pilis hyphoideis, Genus typicum (et unicum): Pachyella Boud. 59 Eckblad (1968) - following such authors as Den-~ nis (1960) and Maas Geesteranus (1967) - has wid- ened the circumscription of the family Pezizaceae also for inamyloid genera. He likes to include eect Brumm., Korf & Rifai ( = Pulparia Karst.) in this family, because of the superfici- al resemblance of the species of that genus to typical amyloid roundspored members of the family Pezizaceae. This opinion was not followed by any other author. The genera Psilopezia Berk. and Di~ scomycetella Sanwal also recognized by tfckblad (loc. cit.) as members of the Pezizaceae, certain- icon uot Delonge, to; the: melationship ol the true pezizoid fungi, as was pointed out by Kimbrough (1970) and Pfister (1973). The genus Gelatinodiscyus Kanouse & A.H.Smith ~ by Rifai (1968) and Korf (i972) treated as a mem- ber of the Pezizaceae, too ~ is now considered as inoperculate. It belongs to the Helotiales (Car- penter 1976). Brummelen (1981) suggested in his search for evolutionary lines among the Pezizales based on the ultrastructure of ascus wall and apex, that the amyloid genera "...form a compact and closely related group..." in the Pezizales (p. 46). This Opinion as chiefly supported by the results of the papers by Samuelson (1978a, b), which were not Rr yet in the review of Brummelen (loc. Chives On the basis of these studies and former sy- stematic suggestions, the amyloid genera should be kept as two separate families: 1. Ascobolaceae Sacc., with the tribes a) Ascoboleae (Ascobolus, Saccobolus ) b) Iodophaneae Korf (Thecotheus, Jodo- phanus ) 2. Pezgizaceae Fr., with two tribes a) Pezizeae (Peziza, Plicaria, Sarco- b) Pachyelleae Ean essentially the system of Korf (1972 , Tie sphaera, Boudiera, Scabropezia, Ruh-~ Landiella, Sphaerozone ) G.Hirsch (Pachyella) 60 In the series of papers beginning with this article selected taxonomic and nomenclatural pro- blems should be cleared up. It supersedes my con- tributions "Beitrége zur Kenntnis der Gattung Boudiera" in the scientific journal of the uni- versity of Jena (Hirsch 1980, 1983). Selected problems are the delimitation of genera and spe- cies, the variability of species, and the infra~- generic arrangement of the genus Peziza. 2. The subject of this paper is Peziza apicu- lata Cooke. The following description of this very rare species is based upon an own collection of this fungus in the southern G.D.R.. 2 Rave studied the material in fresh and in dried condi- tion, and I hope'to contribute towards a better knowledge of the variation range of this species. PEZIZA APICULATA COOKE in: Mycographia, p.175,. PLS 79, £12... 305. eseHO er Miche bral? sos TiirGiime: ha rea) Typus: Italy, Selva, in cortice pulrit apie wine silva, August 1875, leg. P.A.Saccardo (holotype K). Synonyms: Phaeopezia apiculata(Cke.)Saccardo ap. Vido in Michelia 1: 594 (1879); Aleuria apiculata(Cke.)Boudier in Hist.Class Discom.d 'hur., ean (1907); Discina apiculata(Cke.)Seaver in Mycologia 13: 170 (1921); Galactinia apiculata(Cke.)Le Gal in Bull .Soc.Mycol.France 78: 208 (1962); Aleuria reperta Boudier in Bull.soc. Mycol.France 10: 64 (1894); °? Peziza elaeodes Clements in Bot. Surv. Nebraska 5: 6 (1901). Description of the material collected 1975 in the southern ‘GeD,R.: Apothecia gregarious, dark brown, with a dis- tinct olivaceous tinge, outside of the same co- lor, but olivaceous tinge not clear; outside sur- face and margin fine flocky; apothecia up to 1 cm in diameter, saucer-shaped, flat, attached to the 61 substrate by a broad base, sometimes with an in-~- Gdzecincs very short stipe. Anatomy of the fruitbody: Hymenium 250 - 270 pm thick. Subhymenium 50 - 8O pm thick, consis-~ ting of compact short-celled textura angularis, cells up to 20 pm, isodiametric or elongated; medullary and ectal excipulum not clearly dif- ferentiated from each other, together about 550- 600 yam thick; medullary excipulum of textura an- gsularis, cells polyedric, of irregular shape, very compact, up to 40 pm diam.; ectal excipulum OURS ours ancl laris.. Too. celle jeliontly larger than in the medulla, radially arranged, but not very distinct, outermost cells something clava- te. spores: juvenile spores hyaline, then yellow- ish, mature spores light brown; shape ellipsoid or elongated ellipsoid, with polar apiculi;: api- culi colorless, pointed or sometimes blunt (bro- ken?), straight or rarely curved, but also few spores without apiculi seen; number of apiculi usually 1 at each pole, but spores with 2-5 api- culi of different lengths also occur, rarely 1 greater apiculus and some elongated warts at one pole; apiculi up to 6 pm long; the shape of spo- res and apiculi agrees perfectly with the illus- trations given by Le Gal (1941; fie. 4 / 8 and 9, p. 65) and Bckblad (1968; fie. 34c, p. 75). Asco~ spores ornamented with rounded, low, regular, isolated warts, which are clearly visible in op- tical section; warts and apiculi cyanophilous; juvenile spores with two oi1 guttules, which are not clearly detectable in the mature state, with- out de Bary - vacuoles; the spores measure (with- Cis OTnament ond ‘apicull oto. fo mee. Se Bel (— 94 pms Leneth/width ratio.251~ 25:7. Asci cylindrical, something tapered towards the base, apex rounded to flat, eightspored, not protruding at maturity, operculate; wall region around the operculum strongly amyloid, contents of juvenile asci dextrinoid; 260 ~- 275 x11 - Lip aoue site Paraphyses cylindrical, 5 - 6 pm thick, apex 62 Slightly enlarged up to 8 pm, straight, septate, with 2 - 3 septa in the upper 100 pm, lower part more densely septate; unbranched, hyaline to light brown, Collection examined: German Democratic Renpu- blic, District of EBrturt, Nature Reservation "Alperstedter Ried" 10 km N Erfurt; apothecia on rotten wood of a decidous tree (probably Alnus) in a very wet Alnetum; August 8, 1975; leg. et det. G, Hirsch; ds, Peziza apiculata is a rare species. Only a few records were reported in recent times. After its original description by Cooke in 1877, which was based on a collection by Saccardo from northern Italy, Malengon (1939) was the first modern au- thor who gave a description and reported a collec- tion of Peziza apiculata. His material was from northern Africa, Morocco. Later, Gamundi (1960) reported the fungus from Argentine. But according to her description (nonamyloid asci, small asco- spores) this report must be based upon another species. Eckblad (1968) had already reached the Same conclusion, Graddon (1960) has found the fungus in Eng- land. Moravec (1977) reports the fungus from a locality in Central Europe (Czechoslovakia) for the first time. A more recent record from Eng~ land was provided by Legon (1979) and illustra- ted by Spooner (1981). Moodie (1982) reported a further British collection) O17) /(apLcumouas According to Pfister (1979), Moravec *s col- lection from Moravia, Czechoslovakia, is not Pe- ziza apiculata but belongs perhaps to a Theco- fheus species. The illustration of Spooner (loc. FIGURE |. Peziza apiculata. a,b. Spores with apiculi. c,d. Ornamentation of the spores. e€. Submature spore with 3 apiculi at one pole. f. Upper parts of paraphyses. g. Eetal exci- pulum. All in cotton blue, .a-f° "X 1300; 63 i) I 64 cit.) resembles the Moravec record in every res-~ pect, so that the true identity of the recent British collection of Legon remains, in my opi- nion, doubtfully. The apiculi of the ascospores as illustrated by Moravec and Spooner are very stout and thick at their bases, so they gen a triangular shape in side view. This is, in fact, not the case in the true Peziza apiculata. Very well illustrations of the spores of this species were presented by Le Gal (1941, 1947), Eckblad (i968) and Donadini (1977). The last mentioned author (Donadini 1977) has described the new variety P. apiculata var. fla- vobrunnea, Donad. from southern France. It can be distinguished from the typical variety because of its yellowish colors in the hymenium. Donadi- ni mentions some further collections of the ty- pical variety from France (leg. Romagnesi, Nar- di), which were partly recorded already by Gre- let (1945). A much more recent collection from Corsica (Haffner 1983) is still doubtful. The description of the anatomy in the fruit- body of P. apiculata in the present paper aé tentative, because it is based on examination of the dried material. I tried to recollect the Tun gus in the same locality in later years, but without any success, Peziza apiculata is known from northern Italy (locus FaMane France, Morocco, Great Britain, and the G.D.R. The report from Czechoslovakia (Moravec 1977) is doubtful. Furthermore it oc- curs in North America. A report from South Ame- rica, Argentine, by Gamundi (1960) is erronne~ ous. Aleuria reperta Boud. is fey ene kept as distinct from Peziza apiculata (Malencgon 1939; Pfister 1979). Others, like Le Gal Cisat, 1947, 1962) and Moravec (1977) consider Aleuria reper-~ ta Boud, as identical with Peziza apiculata. Ac- cording to Donadini (1977) there is no authentic material of A, reperta preserved in the Boudier-— Herbarium in PC. Pfister (1979) has summarized the "differences" between P. apiculata and A. reperta, following Malencon (1939). Aleuria re~- 65 oe should Pee SER QO PORCS ae. & Borie ? - 11 pn, eziza apiculata 17 - 20 x 9 - 10 pm, The measu- rements of ascospores given by te Gal (1941) and of my own collection clearly mediate between. these two extremes. The other differences in co- lor (more light olivaceous in A. reperta - dark olivaceous brown in P. apiculata) and in gross morphology (substipitate apothecia in A. reperta ~ sessile ones in P. apiculata) are not suffi- cient for distinguishing these taxa at the spe- cies level. They shall not be taken into account any longer if one compares them with the descrip- tion of my own collection given above. Conse~ quently I believe, that Aleuria reperta Boud. is a synonym of Peziza apiculata Cke. and shall not fall into consideration any more when determina- tLON Ot yrecent collections, of these fungi’ is: ne- cessary. A similar but clearly different species is Pe- giza thozetii Berk., which was excellently de-~ Seribed and illustrated by Rifai (1968). Its api- culi are more truncate, spore dimensions are greater than in P. apiculata, and the warts at the spore membrane are not rounded but elongated. The fungus, originally reported from Australia, was recently described from Papua New Guinea by Otani (1975), too. This extension of geographical range gives support to the opinion, that Aleurina Subapiculata Hoehn. perhaps is identical with P, thozetii, as questionably indicated by Pfister (1979). However, the holotype of this species described from Java bears inamyloid asci as proofed by Pfister. Maybe this is caused by the kind of preparation. Aeurchenmvsepecios. related (TOP. apieulata is Peziza elachroa Berk. & Curt. This species, known only from the type locality in Cuba (holotype XK), has ascospores 16 ~ 18 x 10 - 12 pm ornamented with short, low, anastomosing ridges. Its apiculi are more truncate, blunt, Peziza elaeodes Clements is according to the original description very similar to P. apiculata (Seaver 1928; Pfister 1978). No original material of this species seems to be in existence. It is here considered as questionably identical with 66 Peziza apiculata. A further but very incomplete known species with affinities: to.P. apiculata as Pezize coms (Boud.) Korf. This is indicated by the brownish, warty, apiculate spores. Spore dimensions are in the range of P. se Lt but the thecium was said to be reddish purple-brown. It occurs on soil. According to Donadini (1977). no type ma- terial does exist in the Boudier-Herbarium (PC). 50 only fresh collections can help to clarify the question of specific distinctness of P. cornui. Moravec (1974, 1977) has discussed Peziza vag~ neri J. Morav. in connection with P. apiculata,. He believes, that these species are relatives. This seems, however, unjustifiable because PP. vagneri is not truly apiculate. Its ascospores have some elongated warts at their poles as it is the case in some other Peziza species. The same is meant for Peziza bubacii (Velen.) Svréek, a species with + fusiform ascospores that are covered with irregular warts, something elon- gated at the poles, without true apiculi (cf. Svrtek 1976, 1979). The discussed species Peziza apiculata (incl. Aleuria reperta Boud., Peziza elaeodes Clem.), Peziza thozetii Berk., Peziza elachroa Berk. & Curt. and, perhaps, Peziza comui (Boud.) Korf and Aleurina subapiculata Hoehn, form a group of naturally related species inside the genus Pezi-~- za. This was also the opinion of Donadini (1977), who erected the new section Apiculatae Donad. However, Malengon (1939) has already described a section Aleurodiscina Maleng. in the genus Aleu- ria with the species Peziza apiculata and Aleuria reperta. This is the first available name at. the section level. For reasons of priority the cor- rect name for the taxon in question should be: Peziza L. sectio Aleurodiscina (Malengon) G. Hirsch comb. nov. Basionym: Aleuria sect. Aleurodiscina Malengon a RNa Le 55 ee LO oe) 67 Lectotype: Peziza apiculata Cooke Synonym: Peziza sectio Apiculatae Donadini in Bull.Soc.lfycol.France 93: p. 1|80 (1977). Further synonyms: Peziza L. subgen. Phaeopezia Sacc. ap. Vido in Michelia 1: p. 594 (1879); Phaeopezia (Sacc.) Sacc. ap. Vido in Michelia 1: p. 595 (1879); Phaeopezia (Sacc.) Sacc. ap. Vido subgen. Geoscyphula Sacc. in Bot. Opisele sie koe leGAy. Apothecia small to medium sized, disc-shaped, saucer=shaped or flat. Thecium with brownish colors: yellowish, olivaceous or reddish brown, Ascospores hyaline to yellowish or brownish, usual with one apiculus at each pole, warted; apiculi and ornamentation cyanophilous. On bare soil or rotten wood, After more material is available, the diagnosis of this section should be completed with fea~ tures of apothecial anatomy. To this section belong the following species of Peziza: P, apiculata Cke. (+ var. flavobrunnea Donad, ) Popthozetii Berk. P. elachroa Berk. & Curt. and questionably ? P. cornui (Boud.) Korf ? Aleurina subapiculata Hoehn. The recognition of a section of its own for the species related to Peziza apiculata seems well justified because of some remarkable fea- tures as there are the apiculate ascospores which often have brownish pigments. It is a necessary task to elaborate an infrageneric arrangement of the genus Peziza that can be recognized by most mycologists. But, in my opinion it seems to be mich more difficult to fulfill ‘this task among other groups of natural relationship within the genus Peziza than in the presented example. 68 Acknowledgement My best thanks to Dr. F.K. Meyer (Jena) for his help in preparing the Latin diagnosis, and to Mrs. M. Wisniewski (Jena) for kindly correcting the English manuscript. References BRUMMELEN, J. van (1981): The Operculate Ascus and Allied Forms. In: Reynolds, D.R. (ed.): Ascomycete Systematics. The Iuttrellian Concept. Springer: New York, Heidelberg, Berlin, pp. 27 - 48. -=- CARPENTER, ae Sei eae morphology, and ontogeny of Gelatinodiscus avidus Soll ea Smith. Mycotaxon 3: 209 = 232. -- DENNIS, R. W.G. (1960): British cup fungi and their allies. London. - DENNIS, R.W.G. (1968): British Ascomycetes. Lehre. -~ DENNIS, R.W.G. (1978): British Ascomycetes, Edit. 2. Va- duz. -~ . DISSING, H. & SCHUMACHER, T. (1979): Preliminary studies in the genus Boudiera, taxonomy and ecology. Norw. JeBot. 26: 99 - 109. -=|-— DONADINI, J.C. Sea: melt dis- comycetes nouveaux: Peziza apiculata Cooke variété flayo-~ sen ee nov. var. et Peziza muscicola nov. sp. Bull.Soc. Mycol,.France ae TOE DO te teces DONADINI, J.C. (1980): Le genre Peziza (Dill.) Linné per Saint Amans sousegenre Pa- chyella (Boudier) nov.comb. Docum. Mycol. 11(41): 25 - 26. E » Fe-E. (1968): The oa of the Operculate Disco- cetes. Nytt Mag.Bot. 15: 1 - 191, =<: GAMUNDI, 1.J. (1960): Discomycetes operculados de la Argentina familias Pezizaceae y Humariaceae. Lilloa 30: 257 = 338. -- GA- MUNDI, I.J. (1975): Fungi, Ascomycetes, Pezizales. Flora Cript. Tierra del Fuego 10(3): 1 - 185. -— GRADDON, W.D. (1960): British Records, Trans.Brit.Mycol.Soc. 43: 689 - 691, -— GRELET, L.d. (1945): Les Discomycétes de France d’aprés la classification de Boudier. Rev.Mycol. 10: 96 - 116. -— HAFFNER, J. (1983): Die Pilze Korsikas. Studien liber das Vorkommen hdherer Pilze auf der Mittelmeerinsel Korsika. 1. Lieferung: Ascomyceten. 38 pp. Verdff. Verein Pilzk. Wissen. -=- HIRSCH, G. (1980): Beitrdge zur Kennt- nis der Gattung Boudiera Cke. (Pezizales, Ascomycetes). I. Eine Boudiera-Kollektion aus der DDR und ihre Stellung zu den bisher bekannten Arten. Wiss.Z.Univ.Jena, Math.-nat. R. 29(4): 649 - 655. -- HIRSCH, G. (1983): Beitrdge zur Kenntnis der Gattung Boudiera Cke. (Pezizales, Ascomyce- tes). II. Conspectus der Arten. Wiss.Z.Univ.Jdena, Math.- nat. R., in press. -= KIMBROUGH, J.W. (1970): Current trends in the classification of Discomycetes. Bot.Rev. 36: 91 ~ 161, -- KIMBROUGH, J.W. & KORF, R.P. (1967): A syn- opsis of the genera and species of the tribe Theleboleae (= Pseudoascoboleae). Am.J.Bot. 54: 9 - 23. -— KORF, R. P. (1972): Synoptic key to the genera of the Pezizales. Mycologia 64: 937 - 994. -= KORF, R.P. (1973): Discomy- cetes and Tuberales., Chapt. 9 in: The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise. Ed. by GC. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow jr. & A.S. Sussman. -= LE GAL, M. (1941): Les Aleuria et les Galac- tinjas HeysMycol. 6CSuppl, 3) 27656" G27) “a5 eae Gad ee 69 (1947): Recherches sur les ornamentations sporales des Discomycetes operculés,. Ann.Sci.Nat.Bot.Biol.Veget., Ser. 11, 8: 73 = 297. -— LE GAL, M. (1962): Combinaisons nou- velles concernant les genres Galactinia(Cooke)Boud. emend,. Le Gal, Scutellinia(Cooke)Lamb. emend. Le Gal et Sarcosoma Casp. Bull.soc.Mycol.France 78: 204 - 216, -- LEGON, N. W. (1979): Pungi from Norbury Park. Bull.Brit.Mycol.soc. 13: 95 ~ 96... -~— MAAS GEESTERANUS, R.A. (1967): De fungi van Nederland, 2a Pezizales deel I. Wetensch.Meded.Koninkl. Nederl .Natuurhist.Vereniging No. 69, -—} MALENQON, G. (1939): Champignons rare ou nouveaux du Maroc frangais. Bull .Soc,.Mycol.France 55: 34 = 60. -- MOODIE, W.T. (1982): Spring Foray 1981. Forest of Dean 22 ~ 29 May. Budd Orit. Mycol .o0c,.16:°12 2921. “<2: MORAVEC, J. (1974): Peziza vagneri spec. nov. from Czechoslovakia (Discomyce- tes, Pezizales). Cesk& Mykol. 28: 223 - 226, -- MORAVEC, J. (1977): A new collection of Peziza apiculata in central Europe. Kew Bull. 3il: 699 = Jo2, -m/— OTANI, Y. (1975): Some Discomycetes collected in Papua New Guinea. In: Re- ports on the Cryptogams in Papua New Guinea. Nat. Sci. Mus. Polvo (pp. 5) 41). 0 me PPISTER, DD. He) (1973) ¢ Phe psilo- pezioid fungi. IV. The genus Pachyella (Pezizales). Can.J. Bouse oi: 2O09K=—" 2023... --) PFISTER, DH. (1978): Type ‘Btu- dies in the genus Peziza. IV. Species described by F.&. Clements. Mycotaxon 7: 214 - 217, -=— PFISTER, D.H.(1979): Type studies in the genus Peziza. VII. Miscellaneous spe- cies described by M.J. Berkeley and M.A. Curtis. Mycotaxon 8: 339 - 346. -—- RIFAI, M.A. (1968): The Australasian Pezizales in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Verh.Koninkl .Nederl.Akad.Wetensch., Afd.Natuurk. 97: - 295. -— SAMUELSON, D.A. (1978a): Asci of the Peziza~ les. I. The apical apparatus of iodine-positive species. Can.J.Bot. 56: 1860 ~ 1875. -— SAMUELSON, D.A. (1978b): Asci of the Pezizales. VI. The apical apparatus of Mor- chella esculenta, Helvella crispa, and Rhizina undulata. General discucsion, Can.J.Bot. 56: 3069 = 3082, -— SEA- VER, Fed. (1928): North American cup-fungi (Operculates). New York. -~ SPOONER, B.M. (1981): New records and spe- cles of British microfungi. Trans.Brit.Mycol.sSoc. 76: 265 =~ 301, -j—- SVRCEK, M. (1976): A revision of species of the genus Peziza Dill. ex St.Amans, described by J. Ve~ lenovsky II. Geskd Mykol. 30: 135 = 142. -=— SVRCEK, M. (1979): A taxonomic revision of Velenovsky's types of operculate Discomycetes (Pezizales) preserved in National Museum, Prague. Sborn.Narod.Muz.Praze 32 B (2-4): 115 - 194 ("1976"), MYCOTAXON Vola XI oe 3/0 January-March 1984 NOM ta Cee XIV INTERNATIONAL BOTANICAL CONGRESS The fourteenth International Botanical Congress will be held in West Berlin, Germany, 24 July - 1 August 1987. Pre- and post-Congress scientific field trips will be ar- ranged to various parts of central, south,. and “nore Europe. Brigette Zimmer convenes the Field Trip Commit-— tee. The Nomenclature Section convenes in Berlin 20-24 July 1987, under the chairmanship of Frans A. Stafleu. Six sections are arranged for the program: Metabolic Botany, Developmental Botany, Genetics and Plant Breed- ing, Structural Botany, Systematic and Evolutionary Bo- tany, and Environmental Botany. The first circular is available on request, and includes further details on the Congress and a preliminary reply form. (An, early “senquiry “and reply ‘isi requesteds” [end Lnese: LO. Congress Secretariat XIV International Botanical Congress Kénigen-Luise-Strasse 6-8 D-1000 BERLIN (West) 33 WEST GERMANY MYCOTAXON Vol, #XLX,0 pp. 71-80 January-March 1984 MOLLICARPUS, GEN. NOV. (POLYPORACEAE) WITH NOTES ON CORIOLOPSIS BYRSINA, PHELLINUS CROCATUS, AND POLYSTICTUS CROCATUS VAR. SIBIRICUS J. GINNS Btosystematics Research Institute, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontarto, Canada K1A 0C6 Summary Motltearpus cognatus (type for genus) occurs in southeast Asia and has soft, light- weight basidiomes with relatively small spores and cyanophilous, typically dextrinoid binding hyphae. Cortolopsis byrsina is described and contrasted with Phellinus crocatus. Phelltnus crocatus is neotypified. A piece of the presumed type of Polystictus crocatus var. stbt- rteus was located and found to be a Phellinys. Many of the names in the Cortolopsis Murr. complex were proposed in the late 19th century and the published descriptions frequently lack the microscopic details that are, today, known to be significant in distinguishing species. most of species. several complex Because few collections were available under the names it was difficult to circumscribe the Therefore, when one fungus, represented by collections, could be readily separated from the but did not fit in a genus in several keys to the polyporoid genera (Cunningham, 1965; Pegler, 1973; and Ryvarden and Johansen, 1980), it was decided to propose a new generic name for it. Ve MOLLICARPUS, GEN. NOV. Cortolopsts affin, differt sporis ellipticis late, (4-)4.6-5.2 X (3.2-)3.6um et hyphis ligantis cyanophilus, typice dextrinoideus. Typus: Trametes cognata Berk. The genus Molltcarpus was segregated from Cortolopsts because the combination of short, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with cyanophilous, typically dextrinoid binding hyphae which occur in the type and only species of Mollicarpus are not known to occur in Cortolopsts. Mollitcarpus cognatus (Berk.) Ginns, comb. nov. (Figs.1-2) = lranetves ‘cogndta Berk. , J. Lint.) Soc. dM ot Rae Wen MST EP Ga = Polysttctus turgtdus Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. PO Sie OZ Basidiomes often perennial, effused-reflexed to dimidiate and applanate, 2.5-5.5 X 2-3 X 0.3-0.5 cm; pileus surface when fresh "uniformly cinnamon or fawn brown'' (Corner, in herb.), drying Fawn Color (Ridgway 1912) or Tawny Olive on the older part and on the marginal area Tawny Olive to Wood Brown, dry, concentri- cally sulcate, soft, matted tomentose but irregularly roughened; context soft, densely cottony, Tawny Olive or Clay Color, homogeneous or duplex with a dark tomentum over a paler and denser hyphal layer, sections discolor- ing a pale red-brown in KOH, overall 1.5-4 mm thick; margin Warm Buff, sterile, acute, to 1 mm wide; tubes 5-8 per mm, up to 2 mm long, the mouths "white, when fresh" (Corner, in herb.), drying a Cinnamon Buff to Pinkish Buff, round to slightly angular, dissepiments QOO00 |- Fig. 1. Molltcarpus cognatus. Basidiospores from Polysttctus turgidus type (K). VS thin (50um), edges granulose or weakly fimbriate, in vertical section Light Buff, firm, corky. Hyphal system trimitic; hyphae not darkening in KOH; generative hyphae uncommon, with clamp connections, (1.8-) 3-4um diam, the walls thin, hyaline, neither amyloid nor dextrinoid; skeletals in the context aseptate, (2-)3-4(-5)um diam, wavy or straight, the walls pale yellow-brown to yellow, thin to 1.7um thick, acyanophil- ous, nondextrinoid; binding hyphae in the trama serpentine, infrequently branched, (1.6-)2-3um diam, the walls subhyaline to pale yellow, thickened, cyanophilous, -dextrinoid (except in 14355); basidia not preserved; spores numerous in the collections studied, broadly ellipsoid, (4-)4.6-5.2 X (3.2-)3.6um, the wall hyaline to pale yellow, thin, smooth, acyanophilous, nonamyloid, nondextrinoid. Collected on rotting wood, the nature of the rot unknown, Four collections have been found, all are from southeast Asia (Indonesia: Aru Islands, 22 Sept. 1874, Challenger (7. cognata, type-K); British N. Borneo: Sandakan, Sept.-Dec. 1920, M. Ramos 2099 (P. turgtdus, isotype-K); Malay Peninsula: Tambeling: Pahang, 19 Nov. 1930, E.J.H. Corner, Singapore Herb. 24461 (K); Philip- pines: Luzon: Nueva Vizcaya Prov.: near Dupax, Mar.-April 1912, R.C. McGregor, Bureau Sci. 14355(S)). The light weight, the contrast between the dark context and pale tube layer, and soft texture of the Figs. 2-3. Basidiomes. Fig. 2. Molltcarpus cognatus. Sulcate pileus (left) and pore surface (right). From 24401 VK) aie, 33 .eCortolopets byrsina. Sulcate pileus. From 1664 (K). Scales equal 2 cm. 74 basidiomes are distinctive features of M. cognatus. Cortolopsts byrstna although of similar morphology is geographically isolated, occurring in the western hemis-— phere and Africa (see below). In addition, C. byrstna has larger spores (9.5-12um long) and pores (4-5 per mm), and nondextrinoid hyphae. The skeletal hyphae are readily distinguished from the binding hyphae in many species with a trimitic hyphal system. In M. cognatus these two types of hyphae are very similar. The binding hyphae were relatively narrow, restricted to the trama, branched occasionally and had walls which were dextrinoid (in most collections), cyano- philous and paler than those of the skeletal hyphae in the context. Cunningham (1965, p. 239) listed 7. cognata as a synonym of Phellinus (Polyporus) btcolor (Jungh.) Cunn. but I consider Polyporus bicolor to be a synonym of Cortolopsts sangutnarta (Kl.) Teng (see Ryvarden & Johansen 1980). CORIOLOPSIS BYRSINA Cortolopsts byrsina (Mont.) Ryv., Norw. J. Bot. 1929930. 919727 (Fig. 3) = Polyporus byrsinus Mont’, Ann. Sci. Nat.,/ser.92, 17: 126. -18422-4 (Also 4 few months Later sin La Sagra, Hist... Cuba.9s S9t 71842)" Polysttetus crocatus var. byrsinus (Mont.) Fr., Nov. vp. Mycol. "0. (9b boo. Polystictus byrsinus (Mont.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. Or eZ Jan Looe. Trametes byrstna (Mont.) Pat. et Heim, Ann. Crypt. Exot) deena s Ger os 1209") L928. HW Basidiomes typically reflexed with the effused part on a vertical surface, occasionally dimidiate, sessile and hemispherical (as seen from above), confluent, rather soft, coriaceous and very lightweight, 3-6(-10) X 2-3(-7) X 0.3 cm; pileus surface Clay Color to grey brown, con- centrically sulcate, dry, soft to the touch, felty, dull; context Buckthorn Brown, duplex with a darker brown tomentum and a paler, denser hyphal layer above the tubes, ho soft, leathery-spongy, 1-3 mm thick; margin cream color, slightly darker than the tubes, sterile, matted-tomentose, to 1 mm wide; tubes 4-5 per mm, up to 1 mm long, round to angular, Pinkish Buff to Clay Color, in texture soft and felty to rough and rather coarse, the dissepiments thin with edges (the tube mouths) somewhat scalloped and smooth. Hyphal system trimitic; generative hyphae uncommon, typically seen as small fragments, with clamp connections, 2-4um diam, the walls thin to slightly thickened, hyaline to subhyaline; skeletal hyphae straight, unbranched or rarely branched, with retraction septa, (2-)3-6um diam, the walls thin to 2um thick, dark yellow to yellow brown, cyanophilous or acyanophilous, nonamyloid, nondextrinoid; binding hyphae rare to common, frequently branched, the walls thin to thick, subhyaline to pale yellow, nonamyloid, nondextrinoid, acyanophilous or cyanophilous, (1.5-)2-3ym diam; trama containing the three types of hyphae but each was narrower and of a paler color than in the context; basidia broadly clavate, 8-10um diam and tapering rather abruptly to a narrow, stem-like base; spores ellipsoid with broadly rounded apices, slightly flattened on the adaxial surface, 9.5-12(-14) X (3.5-)4-5.5(-6.4)um, the apiculus broad and blunt, the wall hyaline to subhyaline, smooth, thin, acyanophilous, nondextrinoid, nonamyloid. Collected on the wood of angiosperms, associated with a white rot. Specimens have been seen from U.S.A. (Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana), Cuba, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Columbia, Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina; in Africa from Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Also reported from Puerto Rico (Stevenson 1975) and Venezuela (Patouillard & Heim 1928). The features which distinguish this apparently uncommon fungus are its effused-reflexed, extremly light- weight basidiomes, the strongly sulcate pileus, duplex context, large spores and occurrence in central and South America and Africa. Macroscopically Molltcarpus cognatus is similar but differs in having smaller spores (4.6-5.2 X 3.6um), smaller pores (6-8 per mm) and it is known only from southeast Asia. An unpublished herbarium name, "Sterewn malacho- dermus" was applied by Fries to a specimen of C. byrstna 76 (Costa Rico, script E. Fries, Herb. Berkeley (K)) sent to Berkeley. The name was not published because Fries (1855) decided, wrongly, that the fungus was the same as Stereum tenutsstmum Berk. (1847, p. 510) for he stated (1855, pp. 111-112) under S. tenutsstmum "Synonymo Berkeleyi non cognito sub St. malachodermo distribui." The S. malacho- dermus collections from Costa Rica (above) and Cuba (Wright 364 & 365 at Kew) are also Cortolopsts byrstna. The Wright collections were cited by Berkeley (1868, p. 320). Berkeley thought byrstnus and malachodermus were only states of C. ocetdentalts (K1l.) Murr. and Patouillard and Heim (1928) referred to P. byrsina as a thin form of C. occtdentalts. However, C. ocetdentalis differs in having spores 6-7 X 3um, skeletals up to 10um diam and a firmer basidiome. Selected specimens studied: as crocatus: Mexico, script, &,):Fries (K)) Mirador, Jan; 1943. tiepmang (CM Costa Rice, Sydow, Fungi exotici exs, 552 8). Uo cas Florida, Lowe 4158 (K); Columbia, 1664 (K); Guatemala, 4384, det. Lloyd (S); asbyrstnus: Cuba, ex herbier Montagne, herb. Berkeley (K presumed isotype); Bolivia: Mapiriy Britton, & Rusby. 1324 (kK): Nicaragua, U, owen Exped.', herb,’ Hooker: (K);" Brasil: Est. Para: Ochions. RBOP 706. CK); POLYPORUS CROCATUS NEOTYPIFIED Phellinus: crocatus (Fr.) Ryv., Norw. J. Bot. 19: 234. 1972: Polyporus crocatus ‘Fr. , Epicrisis, p. 47/2, 20008 Polysttetus crocatus (Fr.) Fr., Nov. Symb. Mycol., Die Li Oo Dee Cortolopsts crocatus (Fr.) Murr., Bull. Torrey Bou: Clubees 5064 11905. Pertinent specimens examined: 1) "Polyporus eroecatus, Epicr., Amer. boreal."' (script E. Fries), "TYPUS! No specimens in Uppsala" (in pencil, author un- known to me), "Herb. Berkeley 1879." (by printed stamp). At K, herein designated neotype. 2) "Polyporus crocato affinis! Mexico. ...Trametes... affinis!" (script E. Fries), "Herb. Berkeley 1879" (by printed stamp). At K. vie 3) "Polystietus crocatus" (script E. Fries), "Polyporus? 27, Mirador, 1/43" (? script Liebman), with the additional data on the typed label: ''TYPUS, AMERICA SEPT.- Mexico, leg. Liebman, januar 1843." At C. Two taxa have been labelled Polyporus crocatus Fr. This unfortunate situation arose when Fries (1855) broad- ened his concept of Polysttctus crocatus to include Montagne's P. byrsinus. Fries reduced P. byrstnus to a variety of Polysttctus crocatus but Saccardo (1888, p. 275) rejected this varietal status and treated P. byrstnus and P. crocatus as distinct species. Saccardo (1888) noted, under P. byrstnus, that Fries’ P. ecrocatus in Nov. Symb. Mycol. (1855) from Mexico was distinct from P. crocatus described in the Epicrisis. In addition Fries labelled two specimens with the name P. crocatus and sent them to Berkeley. These speci- mens are now at Kew and are cited above as nos. 1 and 2. No... lL wsra eneliinus and had ‘been, when Ll -saw,it in’ 1977, annotated as such by Ryvarden of Oslo. This concept was followed by Pilat (1942), Bondartsev (1953), Ryvarden (1972) and Ryvarden and Johansen (1980). Pilat and Bondartsev listed, without comment, Polysttctus crocatus as a synonym of Phellinus gtlvus (Schw.) Pat., whereas Ryvarden (1972) and Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) treated the name as P. crocatus. Specimens 2 and 3 above are considered by me to be part of the same collection. They appear to be the Liebman collection from Mexico that Fries (1855, p. 91) cited. The fungus in these packets is Cortolopsis byrstna. After Fries (1855), this concept has been applied to Polysttctus crocatus by Murrill (1905), Bresadola (1916, p. 223), Sydow (1927) and Overholts (1953). All, except Sydow, listed Polyporus byrstnus as a synonym. Murrill (1905) and Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) were of the erroneous opinion that P. crocatus was originally collected in Mexico. Resolution of the problem lies in the designation of a type specimen. The protologue (Fries 1838, p. 477) gives only "In America boreali" as collection data for the specimen(s). Only one (no. 1) of the three specimens cited above carries this designation and it contains a 78 specimen of a Phellitnus. In the absence of any additional collection data, such as a date or collector's name, it is uncertain whether this is original material. It is desig- nated neotype with the realization that it may be original material. Ryvarden (1972), Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) and possibly Bresadola (1916) indicated that the type had been studied. Bresadola (1916) and Ryvarden (1972) did not include data on the specimen they considered to be type, give a description of it or cite the herbarium where it was stored. Thus they have not designated a neotype. Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) provided a description of Phellinus erocatus, cited the type as "K, C!'", presumably meaning that a part was in each herbarium, and stated ''We have only examined the type from Mexico." Having examined the three specimens cited above I was unsure of their intention. The specimens from Mexico, nos. 2 and 3 above, were collected in 1843 several years after the species had been described, thus cannot be holotype or lectotype. In addition, the original description gave America boreali as the locality, not Mexico. Fries did not submerge Mexico under the category America boreali when more specific data was available (e.g., Fries 1855). The specimen, no. 1, herein designated neotype has the locality America boreali in agreement with the original description. This specimen, a Phellinus, was annotated by Ryvarden with data similar to that in the description in Ryvarden and Johansen (1980). It seems more than likely that this specimen was the basis for their description. Thus their miscitation of the herbaria and Mexican locality for the type are best con- sidered a lapsus calamt. If one interprets Ryvarden and Johansen's citation as having neotypified P. crocatus it creates the unnecessary situation of tying the species concept to the Mexican specimens at K and C (cited as type by Ryvarden and Johansen 1980). Since they are Cortolopsts byrstna, C. byrstna would become a synonym of C. crocatus then the specimen from America boreali would have to be described as a new species. POLYSTICTUS CROCATUS VAR. SIBIRICUS SACC. A piece of the presumed type (at S) (labelled in 79 part: Sibiricae, prope Minusinsk. Ad truncos hosae Gmelin. Comm. Saccardo) is, to me, Phellinus rtbis (Fr.) Quél. Bondartsev (1953, p. 394) also recognized Saccardo's variety as P. rtbis. Acknowledgments: This study was initiated and essentially completed in 1977 while I was a visitor at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Every courtesy was extended to me by Dr. D.A. Reid, his colleagues and the staff. LITERATURE CITED Berkeley, M.J. 1847. Decades of fungi 15-19. Ceylon Pings. VONGON J. bot. 1-02) 479-514, Berkeley, M.J. and M.A. Curtis. 1868. Fungi Cubenses (Hymenomycetes). J. Linn. Soc. 10: 280-341. Bresadola, J. 1916. Synonymia et adnotanda mycologica. Ann. Mycol. 14: 221-242. Cunningham, G.H. 1965. Polyporaceae of New Zealand. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Ind. Res. Bull. 164. Fries, E. 1838. Epicrisis systematics mycologici. Uppsala. Fries, E. 1855. Novae symbolae mycologicae. Nova Acta Regise. Soc.) sci... Upsala Ser..3, "1s 1-136. Murrill, W.A. 1905. The Polyporaceae of North America- XI. A synopsis of the brown pileate species. Bull. EOtrey BOt. GLUD, 522) 5595-571. Overholts, L.O. 1953. The Polyporaceae of the United States, Alaska and Canada. Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 466 p. Patouillard, N. and R. Heim. 1928. Champignons recueil- lis par M. Mayeul Grisol dans le haut Orénoque. Ann. CEYDE EXOU.. b,) PASC: 3: 2665275, Pegter. DeN.) 19/3.) Aphyllophorales. 1V: 7 ;Poroid families. In: Ainsworth, G.C., F. Sparrow and A. Sussman (eds.), The fungi. Vol. 4B. Academic Press, Ney. Pitat A. L942, Polyporacese /f. si: sKavina, C.. and A .ePil4at..| Atlas des Champienons de ."Europe. Vol. 3. ser. B, Fasc. 42-48. pp. 473-624, Ridgway, R. 1912. Color standards and color nomenclat- Ure. unl. -byi the author. Washington.) DIC. 43. pp... LIII plates. Ryvarden, L. 1972. A critical checklist of the Polypor- aceae in’ tropical. East Africa. Norw. .J. Bot. 192 229=238, 80 Ryvarden, L. and I. Johansen. 1980. A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo. 63650; Saccardo, P.A. 1888. Hymenomycetum. Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. Oe) \haruoes ea abavan.s Stevenson, J. 1975. Fungi of Puerto Rico and the American Virgin Islands. Contrib. Reed Herbarium 23. Baltimore. 743 p. Sydow, H: | 1927... Fungi exotici exsiccati. Fasc. ATI. Berlin. MYCOTAXON Vol. XIX, pp. 81-84 January-March 1984 A TUBER FROM NOVA SCOTIA K.A. HARRISON, KELLY A. GRATTO AND D.W. GRUND Department of Biology Acadia University Wolfville, Nova Scotia The discovery of Tuber dryophtlum Tul. & Tul. is of great interest to mycologists in Nova Scotia as this is the first record of a species in the Genus Tuber in the province. Hydnotrya cubtspora (Bessey & Thompson) Gilkey is the only other member of the Tuberales reported from the region, S.N. Demmons (1974), C.O. Gourley (1983). Cubical spores that appear to be Hydnotrya have recently been seen in the feces and stomach content of the Woodland Jumping Mouse, Napaeozapus tnstgnts Miller, captured in Kings County. Other spores similar to those of the Tuberales also were seen. Tuber dryophtlum Tul. & Tul. Funei Hypogaei, p 14/7, pl 5, fig 34, pl 19, fig 8 1862. Tuber untcolor Gilkey Mycologia 12:100. 1920. Figs. 1-3 Ascocarp 0.5-2.3 cm in diam., many + 1 cm, irregular- ly globoid to oblong, firm, solid, Sayal Brown (Ridgway, 1912; pl. XXIX) or slightly darker; surface finely rough- ened (under hand lens); periderm (225)270-360(420) um thick, white with outermost coating colored, pseudoparen- chymatous, compact to loosely and irregularly arranged, breaking at surface, hyphae 6-18 um in diam., gleba with conspicuous white venae externae and brown venae internae; venae externae hyphae compact to loosely and irregularly arranged, branched, pseudoparenchymatous, originating from periderm; venae internae of thin-walled, irregularly arranged, densely compacted, narrow hyphae; asci 60-90 x 50-75 um, irregularly arranged, irregularly subglobose to subellipsoid, short stipitate, 1-4 spored (generally 2-3), conspicuous, randomly scattered in gleba, separating easily from hyphae; spores 30-48(53) x 22-30(34) um, 82 golden-brown (under optical microscopic dark-field), ellip- soid, alveolate, sculpturing 4.5-5 um high; (3)5-7(9) x (3)4-6(8) um, across alveoli. Habit and Habitat: Gregarious, on shaded lawn, in soil directly under sod layer, near a recently prepared flower bed. Neighboring trees were apple and willow. Material Examined: ACAD 13999, Starr's Point, Kings Co., N.S.3; first collected 17/08/81 by Jennie (Harrison) Sheito, more mature sporocarps collected on 02/09/81 by K.A. Harrison and J. Sheito. Collections are deposited in the herbaria of Oregon State College (OSC), Corvallis, Oregon, and in the E.C. Smith Herbarium (ACAD), Acadia University, Wolfville, N.S. DISCUSSION The habitat at Starr's Point is of historic interest as it was the site of the headquarters of the English regiments in the area after the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755. The old building and surroundings were for the officers. The grounds have some old English oak trees but is now mostly a tangle of vines, shrubbery, apple trees, maples and the stumps of huge old French willows, with remnants of acacias etc. Tuber dryophtlum is an old European species that has been reported from several places in the state of New York (Gilkey, 1939). Finding this species in these surround- ings is consistent with a feeling that there are more species of Tuberales to be found in Nova Scotia once people are aware that such fungi exist in the region. This feeling is supported by investigations of European beetles found around certain parts that were obviously brought to the province in the ballast of ships which was dumped before onloading cargo for Europe. It seems highly likely that the materials dumped could have contained propagules of various European fungi. Figs 1, 2 Tuber dryophilum. S.E.M. photomicrographs of ascospores showing alveolae and variations of ornamentation. Fig 3 Ascocarps, ACAD 13999, collected from Starr's Pt. Kings Co. N.S. 83 84 We thank Dr. J. Trappe for the identification of this collection and to Dr. Robert Fogel who suggested that Dr. Trappe should be consulted as the spores were not typical for the present keys. Dr. Trappe said "It's spores tend to be somewhat longer and narrower and the gleba to have rather more inflated cells than is typical for the species as it occurs in Europe". Scanning photomicrographs were taken on a JEOL JSM 25 located in the Department of Biology, Acadia University. Secondary electron images were recorded on Polaroid Type 55/PN 4x5 film. Coating was accomplished with a Technics Hummer II coater at three-minute pulse coating with gold/ palladium at 200-300 Angstrom units of thickness. Spores were mounted on adhesive copper tape (3-M) directly from the dried sporocarps. The tape was glued to JEOL mounting stubs with Duco cement (Dupont product). Secondary electron images were made using 15 KV. REFERENCES CITED Demmons, Susan N. 1975. Nine species of Hypogeous Fungi found in Kings Co.,, Nova Scotia in 1974. B.Sc. with Honours Thesis, Acadia University (ined.). Eidt, D.C. 1955. European Wireworms in Canada with particular reference to Nova Scotian infestations. Gilkey, H.M. 1939. Tuberales of North America. Studies in Botany I. Oregon State College, Corvallis, Ore. Gourley, C.0. 1983. An Annotated Index of the fungi of Nova Scotia. Proc. N.S. Inst. Scts'32(2/3)@ 1-295. Ridgway, R. 1912. Color standards and color nomenciature. Publ. by ‘the author. -Washington, D.C. 43) p54753)p1. MYCOTAXON Vow. Sel XS pp ensh+ 92 January-March 1984 CONIOCHAETA NEPALICA, a common LONG ISLAND SOIL FUNGUS S. E. GOCHENAUR BLotogy Pepi. . AGeipnte University, Garden Crty, N.Y. T1530 ABSTRACT Two strains ofa species of. Contochaeta moutinelyi isolated from Ls. 1. soils supporting bake wares shown to be identical to C. mepatzed baown previlously only, from ats ,type locality” in Nepal. Their morphology, hydrolase patterns and vitamin requirements are compared. Ade. SiCne pie con. of one strain is presented. The ascospores are shown to be constitutively dormant. Germination LV induced py heat shook. INTRODUCTION A species of Contochaeta has been routinely isolated on Long Island from weakly podzolic soils of forested areas containing oaks. The distinguishing feature is its narrow elliptical ascospores, reminiscent of those produced by Xylarta Hill ex Grev., but with a longitudinal germ slit. The ascospores are 8-10 um long. The initial isolate was obtained during a study of the effects of chronic irradiation’ on the soil microfungi of an oak-pine forest at Brookhaven Lahoratory, Suffolk County, L.I., New York. The Brookhaven strain was examined by Dr. Jack Rogers who pointed out its Similarity to Rosellinia xylartspora (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. (personal communication). Subsequently, the species has been obtained repeatedly from the oak-birch forest at Hempstead Lake State Park, Nassau County, L.I., New York. Two taxa with ascospores similar to the Long Island isolates recently have been described. C. perangusta Udagawa & Sugiyama with ascospores 11-14 um long and with a longitudinal germ slit was obtained from a Nepal forest soil (10). Its authors believe it may prove Cowbecidentical, to. Conzocnaeta spi.) cin. hosellinta xylartspora, described by Munk (8) as an unidentified fungus on decorticated twigs of Calluna in Denmark. The two species are identical except that the latter is said by Munk to be without a distinct germ slit. C. nepaltea Minoura, Morinaga & Muroi also described from Nepal soil has ascospores -8-10° um long (7) %.°-lihas:<identical. to Ce —peranquera except, for\thersmaller size iol its elements: A new family, Coniochaetaceae, has recently been proposed to accommodate Contoechaeta and the related genus Contochaetitdtum Mallock & Cain (6). A synopsis of the species in Contochaeta is available (5). 86 In this paper the two Long Island strains are shown to be identical to C. nepaltea based on a comparison of their morphology, hydrolytic patterns and vitamin requirements. A description of the Hempstead Lake strain is included as a supplement to the original (7). Desiccated agar cultures of the Brookhaven and Hempstead Lake strains are deposited in The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium, Bronx, N.Y. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three strains of C. nepaltca were examined in this study. The, Brookhaven strains CATCOKS235'.) Nori eiuat aes isolated from 'avLtS apradiated)oak-pine (rorest where sae was most common in that section of the forest receiving the Vowest radiation, dose. (2). The type ‘strain CATCE 3655u) was obtained from a single soil sample from Nepal (7). The L.t.) Hempstead Lake “State Park strain was, the moses (common sphaériaceous fungus isolated from the A horizon of the vak=bireh forest “Cib) The description of the Hempstead Lake isolate and comparison of the morphology of the three strains is based on colonies grown on malt extract agar and cornmeal agar (9) 2220 “Cofor-3..days: Lanamorph) (or 30: days Gteleonorp ays Colors refer to plates in the Methuen Handbook of Colour C3 )Rs Hydrolase patterns were assessed using methods and substrates previously described) (1). Inoculum consisted of small squares cut from the margin of young colonies grown on Bacto-Czapek-Dox Agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit,; Mi). Cultures were inoculated in duplicate, incubated at 20 C and \evalwatedi when: colonies had radidiof) 2-3), cme Balsx additional substrates were tested in the present study. These are, at the ‘concentrations shown :in) parentheses, citrated rabbit: plssmas(C0.u54,, Bacto-CoaculaserRlacmays inulin ‘CO,S5Z24,Fushers Pair Lawn. .Nad si. dextrans G0. eee 200,.000=300;, 000, ICN. Cleveland, ..0H)i,> sodium inéepatrine (Oro: LON) arb utan C0 5742 DCN) Y and “ae sicud tina, GOGO pa GIN tee substrates except the rabbit plasma were heat sterilized CO Aas Or fay ben ns The rabbit plasma was rehydrated and used without further treatment. Hydrolysis of the, latter was detected as a clear zone around a colony after precipitation of sthe residual substrate by anvacidgiged mencurde ichlorigemsolution’ C152) HeClvin, 202 °H CL). on) Maun: dextran and heparin by a 1% aqueous solution of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; of aesculin by loss of Fluerescencevunder black Light; and jofs arbuuiny Dyairae production.of.a brownish: discoloration around, the) colonuvwean the presence of ferric, citrate (4). The growth of the three strains in the absence or presence’ of biotin,» thiamine, or) biotinge + thiamaneswas tested using Bacto-Vitamin Free Yeast Base plus sterile absorbant paper discs containing either, both, or neither of the above vitamins. The vitamin-free base was solidified with’ 22 Bacto-purified agar.) Bacto=Yeast Morphology Agar which contains these vitamins served as the 87 positive control medium. The inoculum consisted of .a washed conidial suspension prepared as above from colonies grown On a vitamin-free medium. The cultures in duplicate were “areubated at; 2O0NG for’ i2 (weeks fhe -erfrect of heaton inducing germination was. tested using the Hempstead strain. Both. young: Cle days’ old) and aged cultures (270 days old) were employed. An ascospore- conidial suspension was prepared by rubbing the surface of tdooded slant cultures on MEA with an anoca lating oop .and was clarified to remove perithecia and hyphal fragments by Passing Gt throush sterile slas¢ wool. “The number of ascospores per ml was determined using a haemocytometer. The suspension was adjusted to deliver 20,000 ascospores/ml ANnGwonNeiaDbaced winyea water path) at 60 (Cwahter: Pare € removing an aliquot to use as the non-heated control. One half ml: was removed at various antervals of ‘time, wsed) to sunface inoculate MEA plates, and’ then spread out ‘with a steriiemelass rod. .Cultures) were incubated) at 30.C for up too lors. Per vcent ‘germination was) ‘based on) four counts On lOUrspores each per time Aantervad MORPHOLOGY OF THE HEMPSTEAD ISOLATE The Hempstead strain C. nepaltca produces colonies OMOMEAU( Fig. (LA) with a diam of 4-5 cman 30 dav‘at. 20 C. The surface is appressed, strongly buckled and radiately wrinkled centrally, rusty-orange (7B8) but becoming black with maturation of the fruiting bodies. The colony reverse is black centrally becoming rusty-orange to pale orange (7A4) near the periphery. An amber (6B7) diffusible pigment colors the surrounding agar. Colonies on CMA (Pig. IA) reach a diameter of. 6-7 cm in 30: da ‘at 20 Cand are very pale orange (7A2). Aerial hyphae are lacking. PEULting Gccurs? within 14° da of inoculation’ at’ or’ below the agar surface with the ascocarps often concentrated in concentric bands. The mycelium is hyaline but becomes pale amber near the perithecia. It is composed of narrow hyphae of uniform width, 1.5-3.0 um. The ascocarp initial is a small hyphal knot, 8-10 um in diam, borne on a short lateral branch. The ascocarps are globose to subglobose (Fig. 1B), .small,65-75 x 90-110 um rarely exceeding 100 um, black by reflected light, glabrous or slightly hairy, ostiolate and ornamented with setae apically. The peridium is composed of 3-4 layers of dark brown, angular to elongate, parenchyma-like cells, 4-5 x 4-10 um, with slightly thickened walls. Setae (Fig. 1D) are concentrated on one side of the ostiole, aseptate, very dark brown by transmitted light, 25-40 um long, somewhat swollen at the base, 3-4 um wide, tapering to a narrow point, 1 um wide, with the wall over most of its length Mme thek and slightly ‘irregular. -vAscii( Fig. “fC) \are.25- 35 um p.sp. x 6-10° ptm, clavate, short stipitate, 8-spored, non-amyloid, persistent, interspersed among hyaline, septate paraphyses. The presence of an apical ring is revealed using phase contrast optics. The ascospores (Pig.clk) are 85-1005 2 4-455 1 =3)um, -biseriate, 88 PMA iia 89 narrowly ellipsoidal, sometimes collapsing and then producing a longitudinal furrow, medium brown by transmitted light, quttulate, and’ with an indistinct longitudinal germ slit. The anamorph (Fig. IF) is produced Guiekiy within 3° da of inoculation onto MEA ‘or CM agar. Conidia are borne in moist clusters from short adelophialides 1-4 um, longer true phialides 8-10 x 2-3 um, or small openings in the cells of the hyphae. They are hyaline, unicellular, smooth-walled, oval, to cylindrical, Lope laAncOola, Variable: in size, 4-5,¢7) “um x 10.8 G2) im (Fig. 1G). The larger conidia may produce secondary Dias rospores:: (Pig. 1H). COMPARISON OF THE THREE STRAINS Morphology.- The dimensions and morphology of the anamorphs of the three strains are identical. The teleomorph of the Brookhaven strain produces larger perithecia 110-150 x 110-120 um and ascospores with a mean Leng ee A.5);e Ot srl 2 um 0.9 8,0. but invall other regards is identical to the strains from Nepal and Hempstead Lake. Its dimensions lie between those of C. nepalica and C. perangusta. Colony morphology varies depending on the type of inoculum used but is similar for the three strains. On MEA, point, inoculations’ using mycelium or conidia typically produce sterile colonies of white floccose-funiculose hyphae; mass inoculation of the entire surface with conidia yields light orange colonies with sparsely produced perithecia; ascosporic inocula give rise to brilliantly colored colonies and massive production of perithecia; aerial hyphae are suppressed. Vitamin Requirements.- Behavior of the strains on the complete and vitamin-free media was identical. The three strains did not require exogenous vitamins for growth or production of the anamorph. The positive control medium used was not suitable for production of the teleomorph. Hydrolase Patterns.- With the exception of inulin, the pattern of substrate hydrolysis for the three strains is identical although the intensity of the reaction on a substrate varies (Table I). Note for example the results with glycogen and cellulose. C. nepaltea is among the most enzymatically versatile of the species tested from Hempstead Lake (1). Pigs Le mMconvoch¢eta mepalicd:, (A) Calentes:on cornmeal aear (left) and malt extract agar Cine tia tet ean 330 dae lath OOo Cie (B) Perilthecia. (CEE MINS OSE showing biseriate arrangement of ascospores. (D)... Perithecial setae. (E) Ascospores. Insert shows spore fractured so as to reveal the -longitudinal germ slit. (F) Anamorph on the surface of cornmeal agar. (GPL oPhRialoconidia: (H) Secondary conidia produced by budding of the phialoconidia. Bars represent, 10 Um in C,H, i. cetvane 0 hein oD. 90 ‘Ta buvew ile: Comparison of substrates hydrolyzed by three strains of Coniochaete nepaitca. Substrate Strain Hempstead Lake Nepal Brookhaven AEC Cl F6 Dik ATCG S543 52 Proteins Casein at ah + Gelatin aaa ++ ++ Plasma 3e5F Sesteate ++ Albumen - - - Polysaccharides Amylose ++ as ur Amylopectin sesh ++ ++ Glycogen cientacts + ay Inulin - & ve Dextran = a % Cellulose + + aes Xylan + at + Pec 1n (pH eae +-- +++ Steleat Peete me pe uijee 2) + + ari Heparin - = 3 Glycosides Arbutin = a, a Aesculin a a. ri lS eGnes Oat ds rn ie DNA +++ ee +++ RNA a =“ a Daphosphophenolphthalein: cost +++ sueeale Zones Of Cleat ine eeea min) =) i) 4m fp ite 7) Oe ca ASCOSPORE GERMINATION AND CULTURE MAINTENANCE Both young and aged ascospores of the Hempstead strain are constitutively dormant (Table II). The aged ascospores showed no decrease in their ability to germinate nor any change in dormancy but the aged conidia were non-viable. Heating the ascospores at 60 C for as little as 6 min induced germination; the conidia were rapidly killed at this temperature. Heat-shocked ascospores exhibit maximum germination after 12 hr at 30 C. The rate of germination was slower at 20 and 35 C. This species is the first « Contoechaeta to be shown to require heat shock for ascospore germination (5). a1 Ta bites el Le Germination’ (4) of, ascospores, sand: conidia (of Contochaeta nepaltea before and after heat treatment and rate of germination of treated ascospores. 600 ff Ox plo: pine) Ascospores & Conidia 1) Treated Ascospores Heated Ge CaS aint) Time 7aaG 60 C Ascospores Ascospores Conidia Consdia (hr janZ0C ) 30C\ 356 (min) (14d-old) (270d-old) (14d-old) (270d-old) 0 0 0 90 0 4 0 0 0) 6 79 76 iS 0 6 ihe) 29 2 12 86 81 <i 0 8 35 59 hes) 18 85 87 0 0 10 52 7D 38 24 82 85 0 0 2 66 86 Tat 30 84 86 0 0 14 73 88 7/7 Ear ae aa gyie By) (he Both the Brookhaven and Nepal strains as received from ATCC showed extensive aerial mycelium and poor perithecia production on MEA and CM. The Hempstead isolate derived from conidial or mycelial inocula showed the same loss of vigor after as few as two transfers. The strains are easily revitalized by using ascospore inoculum and heating ae .o0 sc ror 15 min to inactivate the conidia. In laboratory cultures prepared in this manner, no degenera- tion has appeared during the past six years. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to thank Dr. John Cooke, University of Connecticut, Groton for reviewing this paper and Mrs. Barbara Dixon for typing the camera-ready copy. LITERATURE CITED Doe GOcnen ab) iSix, Ey. 1983.) The funmet of a Leng Leland Cak-=barch «forest. Tae S Population dynamics and hydrolase pavrernes tor ‘they soa] penicilitia.) My colo: ia: in press. Dia Cochenaur,;, S.). Es) and-G. WWoodwell. POF a The soil microfungi of a chronically irradiated oak-pine forest. Kealogy S55 1904-1016. Oye MOsinieietiory Vis 4 elineh Who AilelinGeloaue - 1967. Methuen handbook Ole Colores 2nd. ed. “Methuensand Co.;) Ltda. London. DIA Sy 50) 6 Sem OOd Os 0.5 AndaoN. J) Wee Rreser— man. Ry" IS) Se The Yeasts. North Holland Publ’.; Co., Amsterdam, MSS oye Diumimanone yt, Dis PAS andes, bakavre. WhlOel.. eContochae la extramundana, with a synopsis of other Contochaeta species. My e ovo ga" i393) °9 SLO?) OMe a eo. Da. and one Fs Carn OF / ieee Ne waneredusHtae)— thecial Sordariaceae and a new family, Coniochaetaceae. 92 Canad. J. Botany 49: 869-880. P2y Mainourasy aks... Morinagra and. Ty (Moroad . WON se Some ascomycetes tsolated trom soll jof Nepal (CLET jr ean srs Mycol Sod. Japan, Ler LL g-f24. 8. Munk, Anders. 1957..° Danish Pyrenomycetes. Dansk Botx AMD 57 be Obl oi. Pied Eager ag fe ERE Aen Un EOE: « PI 49 PAL mani all Orn se me penieiiiia::. The Willvams sand Witkins Co .5 Baltamores. Md ey Signe Low. Udagawa,. S45 sand. Yu. Sugivana. + LIS2e.) New PecoraQg mace new species of ascomycetous microfungi from Nepal, a preliminary teport: on the expedition of 1930... Repe Cryo. Study Nepal} Nati Sense Mus... Lokyo. Lee C2hatcener, .L.,.andSs Gochenaur...( 196). Fungi “et eamiane Usitandwoak-pirehn <borest. JENNA Distribution and, survival of ascospores im the A=-Horizon.. Gialtia. dja ene ior brs Orla, submitted. MYCOTAXON Melee bs DD oS LO January-March 1984 TWO NEW TRICLADIUM SPECIES FROM MOUNTAIN STREAMS LUDMILA MARVANOVA Czechoslovak Collection of Microorganisms Jsee PURKyoe University 662 43 Brno, Czechoslovakia Tricladium: fallax anam.: nov. \(Fig. 1) Etym: fatlax = deceiving: concerns the striking similar- ity of conidia to another species of Tricladium Ingold, Moniliaceae, Staurosporae Coloniiae in agaro maltoso 2% lente crescentes, aipae, Glabrae, Fructificatio. in aquacw Gro nied) io - p hora simplicia, ea lateralia usque ad 55 um longa, SaeLata,.epice annulate. C#eoluleu lve. 'e c/o nid, i~ ogenae terminales, per cicatricem conidicam proli- ficantes’.. Gon aid tam terminalia, solitaria: axis) ar- cuatus vel sigmoideus, 59-90 x 2.5-4 um, apice acicularis, basi primum truncatus, dein acicularis, 6-10 septatus, ra- mos duos, raro tres, antrorsos, 4-17 um distantes, gerens. Ramus proximalis 30-50 x 2.5-4 ym, basi minus constrictus quam ramus distalis, apice acicularis, 3-6 septatus; ra- mus) distalis: 25-45 x 2.5-3.5 pm, 2-5 septatus, \character- ibus ceteris ramo proximali valde similis. Dehiscentia conidiorum schizolytica, cicatrix basalis Tata. Habitat: Slovakia septentrionalis, montes Vysoké Tatry, in rivulo parvo secus viam pedestrorum inter lacum Strb- ské Pleso et vallem Mlynicka dolina, prope hospitium "FIS" dictum, c. 1 350 .m.s.m., ut conidia in spuma dispersa; 20.10.1980 leg.L. Marvanova. Typus BRNU 498930, cultura viva CCM F-03380. Colonies. slow growing, smooth, whitish, with Sparse aerial mycelium, Sporulation under water: Con i- dao lp sho re s “simple, Upto SS iumvlong when tateral, 3 um wide, annellate near apex (up to 6 rings seen). C o- heed a0 Gg ‘es nloturs, j-cyerl Liss terminal »inveqarat ed), proliferating percurrently, swelling near apex after re- lease of each conidium, marking so each level of pre- Vious. conidium formation, Cootn id i a vapical).soli- tary. Axis 59-90 x 2,.5-4 um, broadest in the middle, bent or sigmoid, with sharp apex and base truncate immediately after release, becoming acicular after a time. Arms two, 94 Fig. 1. Tricladium fallax CCM F-03380. (a,b) ontogeny of the first conidium; (c-~e) ontogeny of second an sub-= sequent conidia; (f-i) free conidia, Scale = 50 um. 95 antrorse, constricted bilaterally at the point of insert- ion, acicular at the distal end. Proximal arm 30-50 x 2.5-4 um, usually longer and less constricted at the ba- se, 3-6 septate, Distal arm 25-45 x 2.5-3.5 um, 2-5 sep- tate, situated 4-17 um apart from the proximal, Secession schizolytic, detachment scar broad. There is a marked tendency to elongation of all extremities of free conidia floating on the surface of stagnant water in culture. Occasional secondary branching may also appear under these conditions. Conidia of this species were collected only once, in the type locality. Distinguishing features: White colonies, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells and conidia with two arms markedly constricted at base. There are four other taxa with similar conidia, the most close being Tricladium attenuatum Iqbal (1971). Nevertheless, this species has smaller and usually more straight conidia, which develop on branched conidiophores in groups of 2-3, simultaneously with the new conidio- genous cell. The fungus originally described as Ingoldia biappendi- culata Arnold (1970; = Gyoerffyella biappendiculata (Arnold) Ingold 1975), has markedly smaller conidia with arms rather perpendicular than antrorse. Conidiogenous cells have a swollen base and a narrower neck, which bears signs of proliferation intergrading between percurrent and sympodial. The more proper taxonomic classification of this fungus will be published later, Tricladium splendens Ingold (1942), the type species of the genus, has also multiseptate conidia with arms mar- kedly constricted at base, but this fungus differs by its dark, quickly growing colonies, and the conidia are much lerger, with subulate, notvacicular’apexes. The percurrent proliferation exists, however, in both species. The teleo- morph of Tricladium splendens is Hymenoscyphus splendens Abdullah et al. (1981). A microconidial state was repor- ted for that species in culture (Descals’ et Webster 1982) and was observed in nature, too (Marvanova, unpublished). No microconidial state has been found with Tricladium fallax up to now, Tricladium chaetocladium Ingold (1974) has similar thickenings on the conidiophore apex (Ingold, l.c. Fig. l) indicating the probability of percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells being involved. Nevertheless, the colonies of that species are dark and the conidia exceed in size these of Tricladium fallax considerably and dif- fer in other details, too; namely in less frequent septat- ion and much less constricted bases of conidial arms. The ends of conidial elements are obtuse, not acicular. 96 Tricladium raobustum-anam,.. nov. (Figs... 2)'3) Moniliaceae, Staurosporae Coloni.ae in agaro maltoso 2% celeriter crescen- tes, melleae, in parte reversa brunneae,. Fructificatio in aqua, "Status macroconidicus:C.o'n did ipo05%p hve Fran tem plicieyuterminalia sc eaimiiuelva er reso ne tcdeeyongeems na ebvapicales);sproiaficatios non) visas?) Cyounm 2adeisa terminalia, solitaria, ex axe et ramis 2-3(4)-in succes- Sione basifugali ecrescentibus consistentia. Axis clava- tus, 80-190 x 3.7-8 um, apud insertionem ramorum flexus, paulo attenuatus in internodiis, basi truncatus dein co- nicus, apice subacute rotundatus. Rami 30-70 x 7-10 um, stricti, antrorsi, conici vel in parte centrali paulo in- flati, late adnexi vel basi subconstricti, apice subacute rotundati, 6-20 um mutue remoti. Conidia tota dense septa- ta, cellulis ramorum saepe subinflatis. Conidiarum dehis- centia schizolytica, sed conidia tarde liberantur. Status microconidicus:: C) own icdyijo p hie'ria’ dongs wapicesras mosa; jAcve dy, Louse 46: cio nel dokdocg ‘efi ta yemenh tava formes 8-10 x 3-4 um gerentia. Co nidia=erotundata vel pyriformia, hyalina, c. 3-5 um in diam.; germinatio non observata. Habitat: Moravia septentrionalis, montes Hruby Jesenik, loco humido prope rivulum Keprnicky potok sub monte Toé - nik, c. 600 m.s.m., ad folia putrescentia Fagi sylvaticae, 2OMLESTS77vleq. .L. iMarvaneva, mes. Typus BRNU 498931, cultura viva CCM F-03177. Co l.on,i es,: quickly spréading., white, becoming honey (Rayner 1970, 64"), brown from below, cottony in the centre, funiculose after longer cultivation. Sporulat- ion, -in- water; Macroconiddal: states Crotnsiod. + ofp pacers eno Vapical) .simphe: Ceo, n dvds i709 eaunvoyvuss ie we.) eee apical, integrated.)'C of n, ted) aya sapical;:solitary, cous sisting of one axis and usually 2-3(4) arms appearing in basifugal succession. Axis clavate, 80-190 x 3.7-8 pum, bent award at each point of branch insertion, with slightly narrowed internodes; base truncate, becoming blunt conic, apex obtuse. Branches 30-70 x 7-10 um, straight, antrorse, conic or slightly inflated in medial part, with broad or somewhat constricted base and obtuse apex, situated 6-20 um apart. The whole conidium is densely septate, with cells in branches sometimes slightly inflated. Dehiscence of conidia schizolytic and late, detachment scar broad. Pro- liferation not: seen. Microconidial state: Conidio = phoreées with simple long stalk and penicillately branched. apex, Co nijivdyi ot gretnxomuns) Ac ele the tuone- alidic, 8-10 x 3-4 pm; con id ia rounded to pear- shaped, hyaline, c. 3-5 um in diam., not germinating. This species tends to produce giant conidia in culture, with axis up to 300 pm long and loosely arranged branches. Pig2st2.2 Iricladium ooustum. (fa-c) yconidial . ontogeny; (d-h) free conidia. (a-f = CCM F-03177, g-h = conidia from foam). Scale = 50 um. 98 ek [ae eT a Sa EEE a ee b-e Fig, 3.,0ricladium robustum CCM F-03177. (a) giant coni- dium from stagnant water; (b) chlamydospore-like cells appearing after long maintenance in distilled water; (c) phialiadicrmieroconidial state; (die), sessile Dlacto- Conte tee. weobicsca les (=) SO. un, Beside the overall robust appearance of the conidia the most apparent feature is the thinner axis in contrast to the thick arms, Conidia of this species were seen also in foam in the raght. tributary of the,Latanaistream near sits mouth;..c. 1 000 m.s.m, in the Western Tatras, 17.7.1977. This species is easily recognizable even as free coni- dia in foam and can hardly be confused with any other species, especially due to the size. Ingoldiella hamata Shaw (1972) shows an overall similarity with respect to the configuration of conidia and the proportions of axis and branches; nevertheless, this species is a basidio - mycete anamorph with clamps on conidia and its distribut- LOnVi4s restricted to tropies. The classification of Tricladium robustum may seem questionable as regard to the higher number of branches and a "scorpioid" axis. However, the genus Tricladium at present is an assemblage of mostly unrelated anamorphs joined on the basis of having conidia predominantly with one axis and two or more primary branches, which may branch again. This configuration is very simple and _ has probably been evolved by a wide range of fungi with asco- mycetous, and a few with basidiomycetous, affinity. Even the application of numerical taxonomy (Marvanova 1983) did not help to divide this genus into well defined smaller units and therefore I prefer to retain the broader concept - ion, REFERENCES ABDULEAHT SK DESCALS ) iE et WEBSTER, Jyolosl Teleo = morphs of three aquatic hyphomycetes. Trans. Br. Mycol. BOC.) 77 :475-483. ARNOLD, G.R.W. 1970. (On a new species of the genus Ingol- dial. Nove. sist. Nizn, Rast... lo: 75<176. DESCALS, E. et WEBSTER, J. 1982. Taxonomic studies on aquatic hyphomycetes IV. Pure culture and typification Of Varlous species, wWirans,. Br. (Mycol, Soc.) 79;:45-64. INGOLD, C.T. 1942, Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder POAVES walmans ibis MYCOL. “SOC, 255 59eaa,/), TINGOLD), CC. 7.) 1974. 1ricladium (chactocladium isp, nov. ;.an aquatic hyphomycete from Britain. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 63:624~626. EINGOLD,, C.t.1975.¢An illustrated guide to aquatic end water-borne hyphomycetes (Fungi imperfecti) with notes on their biology. Scient. Publs. Freshwater Biol. Ass. Now isO 696 upp. 100 IQBAL, S.H. 1971. New aquatic hyphomycetes. Trans. Br, Myco:le S0¢ . “56 3345—552.2 MARVANOVA, L, 1983. Concerning taxonomy of the genus Tri- cladium, Abstracts of papers delivered at the 7th Con- ference of Czechoslovak mycologists held in Ceské Bu- déjovice, 13-18th September, 1982. €. Mykol. 37:108-128. RAYNER, R.W. 1970. A mycological colour chart. Commonw. Mycol, Inst. °Kew, SHAW, D.E.) 1972. Ingoldiella hamata gen."et eps niove 7 ve fungus with clamp connexions from a stream in North Queensland. Trans: Bre Mycol. Soc.’ 959-255-259" MYCOTAXON Valea Miss PD. LOT= 152 January-March 1984 ETUDES DES TYPES DE PECK ET DE MURRILL APPARTENANT OU AYANT APPARTENU AU GENRE MELANOLEUCA * JACQUES PFISTER Université de Lausanne Institut de botanique systématique Av. de Cour 14 bis CH-1007 Lausanne (Suisse) RESUME 88 espéces décrites par Murrill sous le nom générique de Melanoleuca et 43 espéces décrites par Peck et transfé- rees dans ce méme genre par Murrill et Singer sont brié- vement examinées. Parmi elles, six espéces appartenant vraiment au genre Melanoleuca -soit Melanoleuca albo- flavida (Peck) Murrill, M. melaleuca (Pers.) Pat. var. caespitosa Murrill, M. planiceps (Peck) Singer, M. praecox Murrill, M. subcinereiformis Murridd: et Me subcinerea (Peck) Murrill- ainsi que Melanoleuca earlei (Murrill) Singer sont étudiées de maniere plus approfondie. SUMMARY 88 species described by Murrill under the generic name of Melanoleuca and 43 species described by Peck and transfe- red into the same genus by Murrill and Singer are briefly examined. Among them six species belonging really to the genus Melanoleuca -i-e. Melanoleuca alboflavida (Peck) Murrill, M.melaleuca (Pers. )Pat.var. caespitosa Mur- rill, M. planiceps (Peck) Singer, M. praecox Murrill, M. subcinereiformis Murrill and M. subcinerea (Peck) Mur- rill as well as Melanoleuca earlei (Murrill) Singer are studied more thoroughly. * Ce travail entre dans le cadre de la préparation d'une thése de doctorat a l'Université de Lausanne. OZ I: INTRODUCTION Patouillard (1887) mentionnait dans la description de son nouveau genre Melaleuca des caractéres essentiel- lement macroscopiques. Ce nom étant déja occupé pour désigner un genre de phanérogames, Patouillard (1897) le transforme en Melanoleuca . Par la suite Kiuhner et Maire (1926) ont mis en évidence l'amyloidie de la paroi spori- que en utilisant le réactif de Melzer (1924). Enfin Métrod (1948) puis Singer (1975) ont permis par leurs observa- tions microscopiques de mieux définir les limites du genre Melanoleuca. A la lumiére de ces derniers travaux et sur la base de ceux de Singer (1942), Hesler (1958), Bigelow & Barr (1962), Ammirati & Ovrebo (1979), Bigelow (1979) et Clé- mencon (1982), nous avons examiné les espéces types de Murrill décrites sous le nom générique de Melanoleuca et celles de Peck transférées par Murrill et Singer dans ce méme genre. Nous avons aussi étudié une espéce décrite par Murrill sous le nom générique de Clitocybe et transférée par Singer dans le genre Melanoleuca. II: MATERIEL ET METHODES Les types de Peck que nous avons étudiés sont déposés dans les herbiers du Farlow Herbarium (FH) et du New-York State Museum (NYS) et ceux de Murrill dans les herbiers du New-York Botanical Garden (NY) et de l'Université de Floride (FLAS). Nous avons examiné chaque type en notant 1'éventuelle amyloidie des verrues de la paroi sporique ainsi que, le cas échéant,l'auréole qu'elles déterminent en bordure de la plage supra-apiculaire lisse et,dans ce cas la possible présence de boucles. Nous avons également indiqué les nou- velles combinaisons relevées de 1'Index of Fungi (1920- 1980), de Saccardo (1887,1925) et mentionné la littérature existante en indiquant, entre t+, l'opinion taxonomique exprimée par les auteurs. Pour les types appartenant vraiment au genre Mela- noleuca, nous avons observé, dessiné et mesuré au moyen d'un microscope Zeiss standard muni d'un tube a dessin: - les spores (longueur et largeur, y compris 1'ornemen- tation amyloide) dans du liquide de Melzer (1924) - les basides (longueur sans les stérigmates et largeur) et les cystides (longueur, largeur a mi-longueur, plus grande largeur) dans du rouge congo ammoniacal a 1% 103 - les hyphes (largeur de la cloison) dans de 1'ammoniaque amet Toutes les moyennes sont accompagnées du nombre de me- sures effectuées et de leurs écart-types. En outre, nous avons calculé pour les spores, les basides et les cystides le rapport de la longueur a la largeur ainsi que 1l'écart- type et le coefficient de corrélation, qui exprime la ré- gularité, de ce rapport. Enfin, nous avons replacé ces espéces,lorque cela était possible,dans les différentes sections du genre Mela- noleuca telles qu'elles ont &té récapitulées par Bon (1978). III: RESULTATS 1. ESPECES A RETRANCHER DU GENRE MELANOLEUCA (OBSERVATIONS PERSONELLES Hesler (1958) classe toutes les espéces qu'il a obser- vées dans le genre Tricholoma . 1.1. COLLECTIONS DE CHARLES-HORTON PECK DEPOSEES A FH Agaricus (Tricholoma) flavescens Peck (Bull. Buffalo DOCseNat sue Cl «mh s4ci, 1873 ) = Tricholoma flavescens (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:119, 1897) = Melanoleuca thomp- soniana (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora, published by the New-York Botanical Garden 10:14, 1914)= Tricholoma thompsonianum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) = Tricholomopsis flavescens (Peck) Singer (Lilloa 22:196, 1949); Singer 1942:118; spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma semivestitum Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 222405, 1895) = Melanoleuca semivestita (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:20, 1914) = Lentinellus semi- vestitus (Peck) Singer (Lloydia 5:130, 1942); spores amyloides, laticiféres, nombreuses boucles. 1.2. COLLECTIONS DE CHARLES-HORTON PECK DEPOSEES A NYS Tricholoma acre Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:139, 1897) = Melanoleuca acris (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:8, 1914); Hesler 1958:187; spores lisses, inamy- loides. : Agaricus (Clitocybe) albissimus Peck (Bull.Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:45, 1873) = Melanoleuca albissima (Peck) Mur- rill (North American Flora 10:8, 1914) = Leucopaxillus 104 albissimus (Peck) Sing. (Schweiz. Z. fiir Pilzkunde 17:57, 1939), spores amyloides, sans plage lisse supra-apicu- laire clairement délimitée par une auréole de verrues amyloides, nombreuses boucles dans le revétement piléique. Tricholoma portentosum centrale Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 25675, 1899) = Melanoleuca centralis (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:24, 1914), spores lisses, inamy- loides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) chrysenteroides Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 24:60, 1872) = Tricholoma chrysenteroides (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:115, 1887) = Melanoleuca chrysenteroides (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:15, 1914); Singer 1942:112 +Tricholoma sect. Sericel- lat ,Hesler 1958:187; spores inamyloides. ~ Tricholoma davisiae Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27:611, 1900) = Melanoleuca davisiae (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:14, 1914); Hesler 1958:187, Bigelow & Barre 19623132 +Tricholoma+ , Bigelow 1979:57 +Tricho- loma+ ;spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) fallax Peck (Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:44, 1873) = Tricholoma fallax (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:115, 1887) = Melanoleuca naucoria (Peck) | Murrill (North American Flora 10:15, 1914)= Tricholoma naucoria (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) = Lyo- phyllum fallax (Peck) Kiihner et Romagnesi (Flore ana- lytique des champignons supérieurs, Paris, p.162, 1953) = Calocybe fallax (Saccardo) Singer ex Redhead et Singer (Mycotaxon 6:501, 1978); spores inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) fumidellus Peck (Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:44, 1873) = Tricholoma fumidellum (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5: 128, 1887)= Melanoleuca fumidella (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:11, 1914); Hesler 1958:188; spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) fumosoluteus Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 27:92, 1875) = Tricholoma fumosoluteum (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:122, 1887) = Melanoleuca fumosolu- tea (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:13, 1914); Bigelow 1979:59 +Tricholoma+ ; spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma grave Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 43:63, 1890) = Melanoleuca gravis (North American Flora 10:19, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) impolitoides Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 32:25, 1879) = Melanoleuca impolitoides (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:11, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma infantile Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. of Natural History 1(2):5, 1887) = Melanoleuca infantilis 105 (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:11, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma intermedium Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 41:60, 1888) = Melanoleuca intermedia (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:22, 1914); Hesler 1958:190, Bi- gelow 1979:60 +Tricholoma+ ; spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) laterarius Peck (Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:43, 1873) = Melanoleuca lateraria (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:10, 1914), spores amy- loides et verruqueuses, sans plage lisse: supra- apiculaire clairement délimitée par une auréole de ver- rues amyloides, nombreuses boucles dans le revétement piléique. Tricholoma latum Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. TOLEOT, 1913) = Melanoleuca lata (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:12, 1914) = Clitocybe lata (Peck) Singer (Lloydia 5:104, 1942), spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma maculatescens Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y.State Mus. 44:150, 1891) = Melanoleuca maculatescens (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:17, 1914), spores lisses, inamy- loides. Tricholoma niveipes Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29:69, 1902) = Melanoleuca niveipes (Peck) Murrill (North Ame- rican Flora 10:18, 1914);Singer 1942:115;spores lisses, inamyloides . : Tricholoma odorum Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25:321, 1898) = Melanoleuca odora (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10214, 1914);Singer 1942:113 +Tricholoma sect. Se- ricellat , Hesler 1958:191; Ammirati & Ovrebo 1979:361 +Tricholomat+ ; spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma pallidum Peck (Bull.Torrey Bot. Club 24:139, 1897) = Melanoleuca pallida (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:9, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma piperatum Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26:63, 1899) = Melanoleuca piperata (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:20, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides« Tricholoma radicatum Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 67:22, 1903) = Melanoleuca radicata (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:10, 1914) = Tricholomopsis radicata (Peck) Singer (Lloydia 5:118, 1942), spores lisses, inamy- loides. Tricholoma rimosum Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 54:947, 1902) = Melanoleuca rimosa (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:18, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma serratifolium Peck (Ann. Rep.N.Y. State Mus. 46:102, 1893) = Melanoleuca serratifolia (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:10, 1914), spores lisses,inamy- 106 loides. Tricholoma silvaticum Peck (Ann. Rep. of the Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History 42:113, 1889) = Me- lanoleuca silvatica (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:8, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) striatifolius Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 5OL5 Ly, 1878) = Tricholoma striatifo- lium (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:119, 1887) = Mela- noleuca striatifolia (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:11, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma subacutum Peck (Ann. Rep. of the Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History 42:112, 1889) = Mela- noleuca subacuta (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:7, 1914); Singer 1942:116 +proche de Tricholoma virga- tum+ , Ammirati & Ovrebo 1979:362 +Tricholomat+ ;spores lisses, inamyloides. Armillaria subannulata Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6:330, 1909) = Melanoleuca subannulata (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:30, 1914) = Tricholoma suban- nulatum (Peck) Zeller (Mycologia 14:187, 1922), spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma subluteum Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 75:21, 1904) = Melanoleuca sublutea (Peck) Murrill (North Ameri- can Flora 10:13, 1914); Hesler 1958:190, Bigelow 1979:60 +Tricholomat+ ; spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma submaculatum Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 46:102, 1893 ) = Melanoleuca submaculta (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:18, 1914), spores lisses, inamy- loides. Tricholoma subsaponaceum Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. TofS, 1912) = Melanoleuca subsaponacea (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:10, 1914), spores lisses, inamy- loides. Tricholoma subsejunctum Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 157:53, 1912) = Melanoleuca subsejuncta (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:24, 1914); Singer 1942:115 +Tri- choloma s.gen. Ku-Tricholomat ,Hesler 1958:187, Ammirati & Ovrebo 1979:366 +Tricholomat+ ,Bigelow 1979:57 +Tricho- lomat+t ; spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) terraeolens Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 38:84, 1885) = Tricholoma terraeolens (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:113, 1887) = Melanoleuca_ ter- raeolens (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:11, 1914); Singer 1942:99; spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma terriferum Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 41:60, 1888) = Melanoleuca terrifera (North American Flora 10:22, 1914); Ammirati & Ovrebo 1979:367 +Tricholomat ; 107 spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) thujinus Peck (Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:44, 1873) = Tricholoma thujina (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung 5:137, 1887) = Melanoleuca thujina (Peck) Mur- rill (North American Flora 10:16, 1914); Singer 1975:224 +peut-étre un Calocybe+ ; spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) transmutans Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 29:38, 1878) = Tricholoma transmutans (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:91,1887) = Melanoleuca transmutans (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:23, 1914); Singer 1942:115 +Tricholoma s. gen. Eu-Tricholoma ,proche de T. flavobrunneum+ ,Ammirati & Ovrebo 1979:368 +Tricholoma+ ; spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) trentonensis Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 24:60, 1872) = Melanoleuca trentonensis (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:12, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma unifactum Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 105:36, 1906) = Melanoleuca unifacta (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:9, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. Agaricus (Tricholoma) virescens Peck (Bull. Buffalo SoCs Na beWioCie. e445 1873) = Tricholoma viriditinctum (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:128, 1887) = Melanoleuca viriditincta (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:16, 1914); Hesler 1958:191; spores lisses, inamyloides. Tricholoma viscosum Peck (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:178, 1904) = Melanoleuca viscosa (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:23, 1914), spores lisses, inamyloides. 1.3. COLLECTIONS DE WILLIAM-ALPHONSO MURRILL DEPOSEES A FLAS (la lettre F accompagnée d'un numéro qui suit les observa- tions microscopiques désigne la collection type étudiée) Melanoleuca adusta Murrill (J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. DOGa DDS 5 (0; 1939) = Tricholoma adustum (Murrill) Murrill (J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. SOC. 55:372, 1939); Hesler 1958:187; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 18401- Melanoleuca alachuana Murrill (Mycologia 30:365,1938) = Tricholoma alachuanum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia S75: [ily 1938); Hesler 1958:186; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 9856- Melanoleuca albissima (Peck) Murrill var. floridana Murrill (Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 67:147, 1940), spores amyloides, sans plage lisse supra-apiculaire délimitée par une auréole de verrues amyloides, nombreuses boucles dans le revétement piléique. -F 18287- 108 Melanoleuca australis Murrill (Lloydia 7:306, 1944) = Tricholoma australe (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia Toe 1944); Hesler 1958:187; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 20072- Melanoleuca calceifolia Murrill (Lloydia 8:275, 1945) = Tricholoma calceifolium (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 8:290, 1945); Hesler 1958:187; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 19948- Melanoleuca citrinifolia Murrill (Mycologia 30: 365, 1938) = Tricholoma citrinifolium (Murrill) Murrill (My- cologia © 30:371,° 1958); Hesler 1958:190, Bigelow 19/9257 +Tricholomat ; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 9860- Melanoleuca entoloma Murrill (Lloydia 5:140, 1942) = Tricholoma entoloma (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 5:157, 1942) = Clitocybe entoloma (Murrill) Singer (Sydowia 31:231, 1979); Hesler 1958:190; spores lisses, inamy- loides. -F 19292- Note : Murrill (Lloydia 12:64, 1949) synonymise Melanoleuca entoloma Murrill avec Melano- leuca subrimosa Murrill. Melanoleuca ferruginescens Murrill (Lloydia 7:306, 1944) = Tricholoma ferruginescens (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 7:327, 1944); Hesler 1958:190; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 21691- Melanoleuca floridana Murrill (Lloydia 7:306, 1944) = Tricholoma floridanum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 7:327, 1944); Hesler 1958:188; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 17965- Melanoleuca fulvidisca Murrill (Lloydia 7:307, 1944) = Tricholoma fulvidiscum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 7:327, 1944); Hesler 1958:188; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 17805- Melanoleuca hygrophorus Murrill (Lloydia 7:307, 1944) = Tricholoma hygrophorus (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 7:327, 1944); Hesler 1958:186; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 17914- Melanoleuca lasciviformis Murrill (Lloydia 8:275, 1945) = Tricholoma lasciviforme (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 8:290, 1945), spores verruqueuses, inamyloides. -F 32726- Melanoleuca maculata Murrill (Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 27147, 1940) = Tricholoma maculatum (Murrill) Murrill (Bull. Torrey Bot.Cl. 67:154, 1940); Hesler 1958:191; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 18275- Melanoleuca malodora Murrill (Lloydia 5:141, 1942) = Tricholoma malodorum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 5:157, 1942), spores inamyloides. -F 20102- Melanoleuca margarita Murrill (Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 67:279, 1940) = Tricholoma margarita (Murrill) Murrill 109 (Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 67:281, 1940) = Collybia margarita (Murrill) Singer (Lilloa 22:201, 1949); Hesler 1958:188; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 18454- Helanoleuca melaleuciformis Murrill (Lloydia 8:275, 1945) Tricholoma melaleuciforme (Murrill) Murrill ee 8:290, 1945); Hesler 1958:188; spores lisses, inamyloides. _F 17233- Melanoleuca microsperma Murrill (Lloydia 8:276, 1945)= Tricholoma microspermum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 8:290, 1945); Hesler 1958:188; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 18641 - Melanoleuca peralba Murrill (Lloydia 5:141, 1942) = Tricholoma poral oun eine Murrill (Lloydia 5:157, 1942); Hesler 1958:186; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 19271- Melanoleuca piperatiformis Murrill (Lloydia 9:322,1946) = Tricholoma iperatifome (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 9:330, 1946) ; Hesler 1958:189; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 183530- Melanoleuca platyphylloides Murrill (Lloydia 7:308, 1944) = Tricholoma platyphylloides (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 7:327, 1944); Hesler 1958:189; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 17915- Melanoleuca praebulbosa Murrill (Lloydia 5:141, 1942) = Tricholoma praebulbosum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 5:157, 1942); Hesler 1958:189; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 19310- Tricholoma russuloides Murrill (Mycologia 44:113, 1952) = WMelanoleuca russuloides (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia AA) 1952), spores amyloides, sphaerocystes, macro- cystides. -F 16268- Melanoleuca silvaticoides Murrill (Q. Jl. Fla Acad.Sci. 8:177, 1945) = Tricholoma silvaticoides (Murrill) Murrill (Q. Jl. Fla Acad. Sci. 8:198, 1945); Hesler 1958:186; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 18508- Melanoleuca subacris Murrill (Lloydia 5:142, 1942) = Tricholoma subacre (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 5:157,1942); Hesler 1958:189; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 20097- Melanoleuca subcylindrispora Murrill (Q. Jl. Fla Acad. Sci. 8:177, 1945) = Tricholoma subcylindrisporum (Murrill) Murrill (Q. Jl.» ‘Bla: Acad. Sei. 8:198) 1945); Hesler 1958:186; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 18649- Melanoleuca subfulvidisca Murrill (Lloydia 12:67, 1949) = Tricholoma subfulvidiscum (Murrill) Murrill (ovdia 12:67, 1949); Hesler 1958:189; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 40825- Melanoleuca sublata Murrill (Lloydia 5:142, 1942) = 110 Tricholoma sublatum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 5:157, 1942) = Lactaria sublata (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 36:122, 1944) = Lactarius sublatus (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 39:132, 1947); spores amyloides, sans plages lisse supraapiculaire délimitée par une auréole de verrues amyloides. -F 19946- Melanoleuca subsilvatica Murrill (Lloydia 12:67,1949) = Tricholoma subsilvaticum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 12:68, 1949); Hesler 1958:190; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 17918- Melanoleuca subterreiformis Murrill (Proc. Fla Acad. Sci. 7:110, 1944, publié en 1945) = Tricholoma subter- reiforme (Murrill) Murrill (Proc. Fla Acad. Sci. 7:127, 1944, publié en 1945); Hesler 1958:190; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 19995- Melanoleuca subvolkertii Murrill (Q. Jl. Fla Acad. Sci. 8:177, 1945) = Tricholoma subvolkertii (Murrill) Murrill (Q. Jl. Fla Acad. Sci. 8:198, 1945); Hesler 1958:190; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 32906- Melanoleuca ustaliformis Murrill (Lloydia 7:307,1944) = Tricholoma ustaliforme (Lloydia soede 1944); Hesler 1958:191; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 19488- Melanoleuca virginea Murrill (Lloydia 5:143, 1942) = Tricholoma virgineum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 5:157, 1942); Hesler 1958:191; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 20101- Melanoleuca watsonii Murrill (Proc. Fla. Acad « "SoG1. 7:111, 1944, publié en 1945) = Tricholoma watsonii (Mur- rill) Murrill (Proc. Fla. Acad: Sci. 72127, 1944) publae en 1945); Hesler 1958:191; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 21512- Melanoleuca westiana Murrill (Bull. Torrey Bot. (Cl. 67:147, 1940) = Tricholoma westiana (Murrill) Murrill (Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 67:154, 1940) = Collybia westii (Murrill) Singer (Lilloa 22:201, 1949); Hesler 1958:190; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F 17849- 1.4. COLLECTIONS DE WILLIAM-ALPHONSO MURRILL DEPOSEES A NY | (le nom du collecteur, accompagné ou non d'un numéro, qui suit les observations microscopiques désigne la collection type étudiée). Melanoleuca alabamensis Murrill (North American Flora 10:16, 1914) = Tricholoma alabamense (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914); Hesler 1958:190; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F.S. Earle- Melanoleuca angustifolia Murrill (North American Flora Lid 10:22, 1914) = Tricholoma angustifolium (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) ;Singer 1942:114 +Tricholoma s. gen. Eu-Tricholoma ,proche de T.equestre +;Bigelow 1979:61 +Tricholomat+t ; spores lisses, inamyloides.-W.A. Murrill- Melanoleuca anomala Murrill (Mycologia 5:214, 1913) = Tricholoma anomalum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913), spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill & L.R. Abrams 1198- Melanoleuca arenicola Murrill (Mycologia 5:214, 1913) = Tricholoma arenicola (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia ees 1913); singer 1942:115 +Tricholoma S.gen. Eu- Tricholoma, proche de T. imbricatum et de T. albobrun- neum+ ;spores lisses, inamyloides.-W.A. Murrill 1035- Melanoleuca aromatica Murrill (North American Flora 10:15, 1914) = Tricholoma aromaticum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) = Clitocybe aromatica (Murrill) Bigelow (Lloydia 28:161, 1965) = Calocybe aromatica (Murrill) Harmaja (Karstenia 15:16, 1976), spores lisses, inamyloides. -C.H. Kauffman- Melanoleuca avellanea Murrill (Mycologia 53215, 1913) = Tricholoma avellaneum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913) = Clitocybe avellanea (Murrill) Singer (Lloydia 5:104, 1942), spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. at eas 274- (Collection identique au type -W.A. Murrill 267-).- -Melanoleuca avellaneifolia Murrill (Mycologia 5:215, 1913) = Tricholoma avellaneifolium (Murrill) Murrill (My- cologia 5:223, 1913), spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill 841- Melanoleuca bicolor Murrill (Mycologia 5:215, 1913) = Tricholoma bicolor (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913);Singer 1975:294 +Leucopaxillus sect. Leucopaxil- lus+ , spores amyloides, sans plage lisse délimitée par une auréole de verrues amyloides, nombreuses boucles dans le revétement piléique. -W.A. Murrill 745- Melanoleuca californica Murrill (Mycologia 5:216, 1913) = Tricholoma californicum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1942:114 +Tricholoma s.gen. Eu-Tri- choloma ,proche de T. ustale+ ; spores lisses,inamyloides. -James Mc Murphy 125- Melanoleuca collybiiformis Murrill (Mycologia 5:216, 1913) = Tricholoma collybiiforme (Murrill) Murrill (My- cologia 5:223, 1913) = Collybia collybiiformis (Murrill) Singer (Lloydia 5:124, 1942) ;spores lisses, inamyloides.- W.A. Murrill 322- Melanoleuca compressipes Murrill (North American Flora 10:19, 1914) = Tricholoma compressipes (Murrill) Murrill 1 (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) = Hesler 1958:187; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F.S. Earle- Melanoleuca dryophila Murrill (Mycologia 5:217, 1913) = Tricholoma dryophilum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1942:114 +Tricholoma s.egen. Eu-Tricholoma, proche de T. resplendenst ; spores lisses, inamyloides. - James Mc Murphy 27- Melanoleuca earleae Murrill (North American Flora 10:18, 1914) = Tricholoma earleae (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914); Singer 1942:114 +Tricholomat , Hesler 1958:187; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F.S. Earle- Melanoleuca eduriformis Murrill (North American Flora 10:18, 1914) = Tricholoma eduriforme (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) ; Singer 1942:125 +probablement Collybia+ ; spores lisses, inamyloides.-W.A. Murrill- Melanoleuca farinacea Murrill (Mycologia S220 gl ote Tricholoma farinaceum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1942:112 tappartient au méme groupe que Tricholoma mongolicumt+ ; spores lisses, inamyloides. - WA. Murrill 644 . Melanoleuca fumosella Murrill (North American Flora 10:28, 1914) = Tricholoma fumosellum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) ; Singer 1942:116 +identique a Tricholoma dryophilum+ ;spores lisses, inamyloides.-C.F. Baker 5078- Melanoleuca harperi Murrill (Mycologia 5:217, 1913) = Tricholoma harperi (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913) = Lepista harperi (Murrill) Singer (Lilloa 22:192, 1949); Singer 1942:108 +Rhodopaxillus , fait partie du groupe de R. nimbatust ;spores lisses, inamyloides. -R.A. Harper 12- Melanoleuca jalapensis Murrill (Mycologia 3:194,1911) = ‘Tricholoma jalapensis (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 4:332, 1912) » Spores inamyloides, pluriangulaires; métuloides. - WeA. & Edna L. Murrill 85- Melanoleuca jamaicensis Murrill (Mycologia 3:194, 1911) = Tricholoma jamaicensis (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 4:332, 1912), spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. & Edna L. Murrill 720- Melanoleuca kauffmanii Murrill (North American Flora 10:9, 1914) = Tricholoma kauffmanii (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) , spores lisses, inamyloides.-C.H. Kauffman- Melanoleuca longipes Murrill (North American Flora 10:16, 1914) = Tricholoma longipes (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) , spores inamyloides. -W.A. & Edna L. Murrill 1161- Yrs Melanoleuca memmingeri Murrill (North American Flora 10:13, 1914) = Tricholoma memmingeri (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914); Singer 1942:125 +peut-étre Col- lybiat ,Hesler 1958:188; spores lisses, inamyloides. -E.R. Memminger- Melanoleuca nuciolens Murrill (Mycologia 5:218, 1913) = Tricholoma nuciolens (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913) = Rhodocybe nuciolens (Murrill) Singer (Mycologia 38:687, 1946); Singer 1942:110 +trés proche de Rhodo- paxillus nitellinus et de R. truncatus +; spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill 658- Melanoleuca odorifera Murrill (North American Flora 10:15, 1914) = Tricholoma odoriferum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) , spores lisses, inamyloides.-F.S. Earle 1234- Melanoleuca olesonii Murrill (Mycologia 5:218, 1913) = Tricholoma olesonii (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1942:110; spores lisses, inamyloides. -0O.M. Oleson 100- Melanoleuca oreades Murrill (Mycologia 5:218, 1913) = Tricholoma oreades (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1975:293 +Leucopaxillus sect. Aspropaxil- li+ , spores amyloides, sans plage lisse délimitée par une auréole de verrues amyloides. -W.A. Murrill 732- Melanoleuca pinicola Murrill (Mycologia 5:219, 1913) = Tricholoma pinicola (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913) = Collybia pinicola (Murrill) Singer (Lloydia 5:124, 1942); spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill 730- Melanoleuca_ platyphylla Murrill (Mycologia 5:219,1913) = Tricholoma platyphyllum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia Stieen, 1913);Singer 1942:115 +Tricholoma sect. Sericel- lat ; spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill 419- Melanoleuca portolensis Murrill (Mycologia 5:219, 1913) = Tricholoma ortolense (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia nies 1913); Singer 1942:121 +position taxonomique incer- tainet+; spores lisses, inamyloides.-James Mc Murphy 23- Melanoleuca raemagna Murrill (North American Flora 10:12, 1914) = Tricholoma praemagnum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) = Lepista praemagna (Murrill) Singer (Lilloa 22:192, 1949) = Clitocybe praemagna (Mur- rill) Bigelow & Smith (Brittonia 21:164, 1969); Singer 1942:109 +Rhodopaxillust+ ;spores inamyloides.-E. Bartholo- mew 2611 1/2- Melanoleuca pulverulentipes Murrill (Mycologia 9:179, 1917) = Tricholoma pulverulentipes (Murrill) Saccardo et Trotter (Syll. Fung. 23:46, 1925), spores lisses, inamy- loides.-W.A. & Edna L. Murrill 181- 114 Melanoleuca robinsoniae Murrill (North American Flora 103403 1914) = Tricholoma robinsoniae (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) = Clitocybe celata (Murrill) Bi- gelow (Mycologia 73:138, 1981), spores lisses, inamy- loides. -W. J. Robinson 12- Melanoleuca roseibrunnea Murrill (Mycologia DiaaUs 1913) = Tricholoma roseibrunneum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1975:294 +Leucopaxil- ius sect. Leucopaxillust , spores amyloides sans plages lisse supra-apiculaire clairement délimitée par une au- réole de verrues amyloides, mnombreuses boucles dans le revétement piléique. -W.A. Murrill 375- Melanoleuca rudericola Murrill (Mycologia 5:220, 1913) = Tricholoma rudericola (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 53223, 1913); Singer 1942:108 +proche de Rhodopaxillus+ Singer 1975:247 t+tLepista harperi+ ; spores inamyloides. James Mc Murphy 18- Melanoleuca secedifolia Murrill (Mycologia 5:221, 1913) = Tricholoma secedifolium (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913) = Tricholomopsis secedifolia (Murrill) Singer (Lilloa 22:196, 1949); Singer 1942:118; spores lisses, inamyloides. -Morton E. Peck 34- Melanoleuca striatella Murrill (Mycologia 5:221, 1913) = Tricholoma striatellum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1942:117 +Tricholomat+ ;spores lisses, inamyloides. -James Mc Murphy 29- Melanoleuca subacida Murrill (North American Flora 10:9, 1914) = Tricholoma subacidum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914); Hesler 1958:191; spores’ lisses, inamyloides. -F.S. Earle- Melanoleuca subargillacea Murrill (North American Flora 10:19, 1914) = Tricholoma subargillaceum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914); Singer 1942:111,Hesler 1958:189; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F. S. Earle- Melanoleuca subfuliginea Murrill (North American Flora 10:21, 1914) = Tricholoma subfuligineum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) ;Singer 1942:107; spores lisses, inamyloides. -W. G. Thompson & W.A. Murrill- Melanoleuca sublurida Murrill (Mycologia 5:221, 1913) = Tricholoma subluridum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1942:111 +espéce identique a Melanoleuca subargillacea , M.volkertii , M.tottenii+ ;spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill 751- Melanoleuca submulticeps Murrill (Mycologia 5:221, 1913) = Tricholoma submulticeps (Murrill) Murrill (Myco- Logie ieoraaon 1913); Singer 1942:119 +Lyophyllum du groupe Aggregatumt ; spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Vs Murrill 659- Melanoleuca subpessundata Murrill (Mycologia Dieeny, 1913) = Tricholoma subpessundatum (Murrill) Murrill (My- cologia 5:223, 1913) = Limacella subpessundata (Murrill) Singer (Lloydia 5:132, 1942), spores inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill 733- Melanoleuca subresplendens Murrill (North American Flora 10:21, 1914) = Tricholoma subresplendens (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914), spores lisses, inamy- loides. -R.A. Harper- Melanoleuca subterrea Murrill (North American Flora 10:24, 1914) = Tricholoma subterreum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914); Hesler 1958:187; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F.S. Earle- Melanoleuca subtransmutans Murrill (North American HLOPaAnN Ose ¢ 1914) = Tricholoma subtransmutans (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914); Singer 1942:116 +Tri- choloma segen. Eu-Tricholoma+ , Hesler 1958:187; spores lisses, inamyloides. -F.S. Earle- Melanoleuca subvelata Murrill (Mycologia 5:222, 1913) = Tricholoma subvelatum (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913); Singer 1942:132 tpas de différence spécifique avec Limacella subpessundata (Murrill) Singert+; Singer 1975:431- +Limacellat+ ;spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill 567- Melanoleuca tenuipes Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913) = Tricholoma tenuipes iarrill) Murrill (Mycologia 5:223, 1913), spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill 536- Melanoleuca tottenii Murrill (North American Flora 10:21, 1914) = Tricholoma tottenii (Murrill) Murrill (My- cologia 6:269, 1914); singer 1942:111, Hesler 1958:190; spores lisses,inamyloides.-W. C Coker & H. R. Totten 1008- Melanoleuca unakensis Murrill (North American Flora Oss A | Ott aes Tricholoma unakense (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914), Singer 1942:124, Hesler 1958:191; spores lisses,inamyloides.-E.D. Clark- (collection identi- que au type- W.A. Murrill 965-) Melanoleuca volkertii Murrill (North American Flora 10:20, 1914) = Tricholoma volkertii (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) ; Singer 1942:111; spores lisses, inamyloides. -W.A. Murrill & E.C. Volkert- Melanoleuca yatesii Murrill (North American Flora 10:29, 1914) = Tricholoma yatesii (Murrill) Murrill (Myco- logia 6:269, 1914) : Singer 1942:114 +Tricholoma s.egen. Eu-Tricholoma , proche de T.equestre et de fT. sejunctum , Bigelow 1979:56 +Tricholomat; spores. lisses, inamyloides. H.S.Yates 8- 116 26 ESPECES RETRANCHEES DU GENRE MELANOLEUCA SANS OBSERVATIONS PERSONELLES. Lyophyllum fuligineum (Peck) Singer (Lloydia 5:119, 1942) = Tricholoma fuligineum Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 41:60, 1888) = Melanoleuca fuliginea (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:19, 1914). Lyophyllum fumescens (Peck) Clémengon (Mycotaxon 15:75, 1982) = Agaricus (Tricholoma) fumescens Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 31:32, 1879) = Tricholoma fumes- cens (Peck) Saccardo (Syll.- Fung. 5:119, 1887) = Melano- leuca fumescens (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora LOT te, 1914). Tricholoma leucocephaloides Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 49:30, 1897) = Melanoleuca leucocephaloides (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:9, 1914); Clémencgon 1982:94 +cette espéce n'est pas un Lyophyllumt. Lyophyllum lugubre (Peck) Clémencgon (Mycotaxon 15:81, 19835 = Tricholoma lugubre Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 49:30, 1897) = Melanoleuca lugubris (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:18, 1914). Tricholoma tricolor Peck (Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 41:60, 1888) = Melanoleuca tricolor (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:17, 1914) = Leucopaxillus tricolor 1926) (Peck) Kiihner (Le Botaniste 17:135, = Clitocybe tricolor (Peck) Pilat (Agaricalium Europaeorum Clavis dichotomica, 1951, p.127 ,Prague). 3. ESPECES NON OBSERVEES Agaricus (Tricholoma) hebeloma Peck (Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:45, 1873) = Tricholoma hebeloma (Peck) Sac- cardo (Syll. Fung. 5:138, 1887) = Melanoleuca inocybi- formis (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:19, 1914) = Tricholoma inocybiforme (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914). Melanoleuca olivaceiflava Murrill (Mycologia Sart s, 1916) = Tricholoma olivaceoflavum (Murrill) Saccardo et Trotter (Syll. Fung. 23:44, 1925). -non envoyé par NY-- Melanoleuca sordida Murrill (Mycologia 6:3, 1914) . Melanoleuca subisabellina Murrill (Mycologia 3:194, 1911) = Tricholoma subisabellina (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 4:332, 1912). --non envoyé par NY, probablement perdu. -- 4. ESPECES APPARTENANT AU GENRE MELANOLEUCA Melanoleuca alboflavida (Peck) Murrill (North American Flora 10:6, 1914) = Agaricus alboflavidus Peck (Ann. Rep. Nova State Cab. 23:75, 1872) = Tricholoma alboflavidum (Peck) Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 5:129, 1887). Cette espece est le type de la section Alboflavidae Singer (Cavanil- lesia 7:123, 1935).-LECTOTYPE PROPOSE ET DEPOSE A NYS- Spores elliptiques, verruqueuses, présentant une plage supra-apiculaire lisse, souvent mal délimitée et peu distincte. Verrues sphériques, petites, peu marquées, faiblement amyloides (0,2-0,9 p.) (Fig-1,A)» Basides claviformes tétrasporiques(Fig.1,B).Pleurocysti- des fusiformes réguliéres a apex trés souvent aigu, parfois obtus,muni de nombreux cristaux.(Fig.1,C).C h e i- locystides fusiformes, réguliéres, a apex aigu et couvert de cristaux (FictigD). 1 Yr 1a. om. (els lamellaire a médiostrate filamenteux subrégulier,inamyloide, hyalin dans le KOH. Revétemen t du stipe formé d'hyphes paralléles , de cellules basidiomorphes au sommet du stipe et de caulocystides fusiformes a segment terminal étroit (Fig. 0,8). Re v.é;t em en + piléique formé d'hyphes enchevétrées et comportant de nombreuses hyphes' termi- nales. Littérature: Gillman & Miller (1977) : Mycologia 69:944 Singer (1943) : Mycologia 35:155 MESURES Sy cise ayes hibits Hee e POLHO. Ee aS SPORES |BASIDES T.L.|Cuticule, Stipe Nombre de mesures Largeur (L) s(L) plus grande Largeur(LL) s(1/LL) R(1/LL) T.L.= Trame lamellaire, s= écart-type, R= coefficient de corrélation 118 oO Fini eeene Fig. 1. Melanoleuca alboflavida (Peck) Murrill A. spores, B. basides, C. pleurocystides, D. cheilo- cystides, E. caulocystides. Echelle: le trait = PO, as Fg Melanoleuca earlei (Murrill) Singer (Lloydia 5:121, 1942) = Clitocybe earlei Murrill (Mycologia 7:261, 1915). -LECTOTYPE PROPOSE ET DEPOSE A NY-. -F.S. Earle 1753- Spores €étroitement elliptiques, montrant une plage Supra-apiculaire lisse peu distincte, verrues petites, trés peu marquées et finement amyloides avec une nette tendance | ia wreunion (0. 5-1-1 Us) (FigeesA)<,) Boa 8 ig des claviformes, tétrasporiques (Fig.2,B). Pleuro- cystides fusiformes, parfois cOniques, massives et comportant un apex souvent obtus (Fig.2,C).Cheilo- c ys tides semblables aux pleurocystides mais généra- lement fusiformes.(Fig.2,D). Trame lamellaire a mé- diostrate filamenteux, subrégulier, hyalin dans le KOH, inamyloide. Revétement du stipe formé d'hyphes paralléles a pigment vacuolaire (l'observation de ce ca- ractére est réduite par le mauvais état de conservation des stipes du lectotype et des syntypes). Revéte- ment piléique formé d'hyphes enchevétrées-emméléees a pigment vacuolaire. MB DU ihe i i Pleuro one eee Bie? Hehe Pe his aS SPORES |BASIDES} C Y |S T.L.|Cuticule|Stipe Nombre de mesures longueur (1) f 43.8 54.0 0 Largeur (L) plus grande Largeur(LL) s(LL) s(1/L) R(1/L) s(1/LL) R(1/LL) T.L.= Trame lamellaire, s= écart-type, R= coefficient de corrélation 120 A) Fig. 2. Melanoleuca Earlei (Murrill) Singer A. spores, B. basides, C. pleurocystides, D. cheilocystides. Echelle: le trait = 10 u. saa Melanoleuca melaleuca (Pers. ) Pate var caespitosa Mur- Ti EL (Lloydia 12:67, 1949) = Tricholoma melaleucum var. caespitosum (Murrill) Murrill (Lloydia 12:67, 1949) LECTOTYPE PROPOSE ET DEPOSE A FLAS-. -F 19927- Wepre es elliptiques possédant une plage supra-api- culaire lisse souvent mal délimitée, verrues sphériques, généralement bien individualisées, fortement amyloides (O01 Jolie) p(Piges, A). « Bua dcers tétrasporiques, claviformes (Fig.3,B). Pleuroec ee Oe en poils d'ortie, petites, étroites, avec de nombreux cris- Caran apes Pigs 50 Con euin ko ystides iden- tiques aux pleurocystides. Trame lamellaire a mé- diostrate filamenteux, subrégulier, hyalin dans le KOH, inamyloide. Revétement du stipe formé d'hyphes paralléles a pigment vacuolaire et de caulocystides étroi- tes, en poils d'ortie,comprises dans les bouquets d'hyphes basidiomorphes du sommet du stipee Revétement piléique comprenant , a la périphérie, des hyphes enche- vétrées qui se redressent au centre du chapeau. Hyphes a pigment vacuolaire. ME SU RES Pleuro eneet Bays aye Hi Viste Pack * Eee SPORES |BASIDES| C Yj,S T.L.| Cuticule |Stipe 28.6 Nombre de mesures 7a aa fa ms longueur (1) Largeur (L) plus grande Largeur (LL) — s(LL) T/L Rees SS — oe ed oOo ol] nr is ‘o on ~ R(1/L) T.L.= Trame lamellaire, s= écart-type, R= coefficient de corrélation -0. 19] 0.64 | 6.9 rr" wo Leg oO Ww So ° ° ° ° ° fos) nn fo>) Ww on 0.26} 0.25 0.42 2 OOS wane Woh C Fig. 3. Melanoleuca melaleuca Pat. var. caespitosa Murrill A. spores, B. basides, C. pleurocystides. Echelle: le trait = LOS COO” /-____— Fig. 4. Melanoleuca planiceps (Peck) Singer A. spores. Echelle: le trait = 10 u. 123 Melanoleuca planiceps (Peck) Singer (Mycologia 35:155, 1943) = Tricholoma planiceps Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. LEWES EI 1912 )e -LECTOTYPE PROPOSE ET DEPOSE A NYS-. Spores elliptiques a globuleuses, verruqueuses, pré- sentant une plage lisse supra-apiculaire souvent bien délimitée, verrues fortement amyloides, sphériques, par- fois reticulees.( 025-105 pe.) (Pigs.4)A)..Ba gid es ‘ite- trasporiques,claviformes (Fig.-4,B). Pleurocysti- des trés rares, petites, montrant parfois un apex obtus, a laslimite des) poils unicellulaires (Fig:4,C). C he i - lovey s tid es: Singer ° (1942) “les décrits. en ‘en- ployant l'adjectif "basidiomorphe". Nous n'avons remarqué que des cellules ressemblant trés fortement 4 des basi- dioles mais présentant un apex légérement plus’ elliptique (Fig.4,D). fT r'a‘m e lamellaire a médiostrate fila- menteux et subrégulier, hyalin dans le KOH, inamyloide. Revétement <4du_ stipe formé d'hyphe paralléles a pigment vacuolaire, mélées au sommet du stipe d'hyphes basidiomorphes.Revétemen t piléique formé d'hyphes enchevétrées-emmélées a pigment vacuolaire. MES URES longueur (1) 7.4 28.2 jai.6 | 6 s(1) 0.5 eae plus grande Largeur (LL) s(1/LL) R(1/LL) T.L.= Trame lamellaire, s= écart-type, R= coefficient de corrélation 124 DOF Fig. 4. Melanoleuca_planiceps (Peck) Singer B. basides, C. pleurocystides, D. cheilocystides. Echelle: le trait = 10 u. 696 Fig. 5. Melanoleuca_praecox Murrill A. spores. Echelle: le trait = 10° 2. 125 Melanoleuca praecox Murrill (North American Flora 10220, 1914) = Tricholoma praecox (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) -TYPE DEPOSE A NY-. -E.C. Volkert- op OLY @.s elliptiques, verruqueuses, présentant une plage supra-apiculaire lisse, souvent assez mal délimitée, verrues sphériques a rectangulaires fortement amyloides (0.4-1.6 p.) (Fig-5,A)k Basides +tétrasporiques, claviformes. (Fig. S, B). Ete UEP OFC HY aiid wes rares, en poils d‘ortie, montrant un apex étroit (Fig.5,C). Cheilocystides plus fréquentes, également en poils d'ortie comprenant un apex étroit , 4 la limite des poils marginaux (Fig.5,D). Trame lamellaire a médio- strate filamenteux, subrégulier, hyalin dans le KOH, ina- myloidee Revétement du stipe formé d'hyphes pa- ralléles contenant un pigment vacuolaire et présentant en son sommet de nombreuses cellules basidiomorphes.R e- vétemen t piléique formé d'hyphes 4 pigment vacuo- laire, enchevétrées-emmélées et possédant quelques hyphes terminales se redressant légérement. Littérature: Singer (1942) Lloydia 5:121 M Bio. UR Bas ae Se ere eG Hid Vie Peo Ee LS SPORES | BASIDES T.L.j Cuticule| Stipe Nombre de si mesures longueur (1) T.L.= Trame lamellaire, s= écart-type, R= coefficient de corrélation 126 ‘ie Fig. 5. Melanoleuca praecox Murrill B. basides, C. pleurocystides, D. cheilocystides. Echelle: le trart =) 10", A -_—_______ B Fig. 6. Melanoleuca subcinereiformis Murrill A. spores, B. basides. Echelle: le trait = 10 u. 127 Melanoleuca subcinereiformis Murrill (North American Flora 10:28, 1914) = Tricholoma subcinereiforme (Murrill) Murrill (Mycologia 6:269, 1914) -TYPE DEPOSE A NY-. -wW.A. Murrill 901- Spores étroitement elliptiques présentant une plage Supra-apiculaire lisse généralement bien distincte, verrues sphériques, fortement amyloides (0.5-1.6 u.), souvent reliées entre elles par de fins tractus amyloides Cie 6c A)c> Boa sid dens élancées, claviformes, tétra- sporrques (Hi2.6,8).)) \P le uw oc ves tod e.s, » fusi- formes a sublagéniformes avec parfois un apex obtus mais le plus souvent aigu (Pisl6,C).C) bh ena done Vist ds. ens fusiformes, élancées, a apex aigu (Fig.6,D). 8 noyaux par cystide-T rame lamellaire 4 médiostrate filamenteux, subrégulier, hyalin dans le KOH, inamyloide. Re véte - ment du _ stipe formé d'hyphes paralléles a pigment va- cuolaire et de cystides fusiformes généralement comprises dans les bouquets d'hyphes basidiomorphes situés au sommet du stipe. Revétement piléique, légérement gé- lifié, formé d'hyphes terminales a pigment vacuolaire, comprenant quelques piléocystides fusiformes, émergentes (Bie. Ged). Littérature: Singer (1942) Lloydia 5:122 MESURES Pleuro palit ree Ae Heian sPan Hie Estas SPORES | BASIDES;} C Y,S T.L.| Cuticule ;Stipe Nombre de mesures nsw aah ae far z Goacod oe Roa Ee a Perpae [er poe fe] plus grande BES! Hee) NWiloe Largeur(LL) s(1/L) er T.L.= Trame lamellaire, s= écart-type, R= coefficient de corrélation ~— ips) foe) ~ 128 Fig. 6. Melanoleuca subcinereiformis Murrill C. pleurocystides, D. cheilocystides, E. piléo- cystides. Echelle: le trait = 10 u. 129 Melanoleuca subcinerea (Peck) Murrill (North American PO Ost 1914) = Tricholoma subcinereum Peck (Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 131:27,1909). Cette espéce appartient a la section Grammopodiae Bon (Documents mycologiques 9:45, 1978) -LECTOTYPE PROPOSE ET DEPOSE A NYS-. Spores elliptiques a subglobuleuses, présentant une plage lisse supra-apiculaire généralement bien délimitée, verrues elliptiques a allongées (0.3-1.1 u.), fortement amyloides (Fig.7,A). Basides_ claviformes, tétra- aportques..(Fig:7,B). P.1le@uiroc ys +t ides -ob- servées sur un syntype- fréquentes mais isolées en groupe, en polls doortie.courtes (Fig.7,C)..C hie i 1.0 c.y.s ¢ i- des en poils d'ortie munies de nombreux cristaux apicaux (Fig.7,D).T rame lamellaire a médiostrate filamenteux, subrégulier, hyalin dans le KOH, inamyloide. Re véte - ment du _ stipe formé d'hyphes paralléles a pigment va- cuolaire, comprenant des cystides étroites et filiformes (Fig.7,E) et des cellules basidiomorphes,non réunies.R e - vétement piléique formé d'hyphes 4 pigment vacuo- laire, emmélées-enchevétrées, avec de nombreuses hyphes terminales et des piléocystides étroites, fusiformes, émergentes (Fig.7,F). BUR Une a loans Pleuro Cheilo Caulo Piléo Lalfaeun fi il cour» al Soe aS Ch YaretSre ee Dees T.L.|Cuticule jStipe 0.1 0.7 plus grande Largeur(LL) s(LL) a [es fea pps [or [ae |_| val on [ow oo fomfom | [| gee 7 a a ESE ea a a CE reams [| fase fons foros | T.L.= Trame lamellaire, s= écart-type, R= coefficient de corrélation if f ) \ C bi A AN f IN 4 al ; i D ) a ih i fi ‘ A ‘ |! (\ a i K Fig. 7. Melanoleuca subcinerea (Peck) Murrill A. spores, B. basides, C. pleurocystides, D. cheilo- cystides, E. caulocystides, F. piléocystides. Echelle: ae: trait =) 10) (8. tol IV: CONCLUSIONS Le rapport du nombre d'espéces examinées appartenant vraiment au genre Melanoleuca au nombre total d'espéces observées avoisine 5.5%. Ce chiffre extrémement faible est révélateur de l'absence de critéres valables conduisant 4a des diagnostics stirs (tel par exemple l'amyloidie de la paroi sporique) dont souffraient les descriptions de Mur- rill et de Saccardo et du flou intergénérique (princi- palement Tricholoma-Melanoleuca) qui en a résulté. En revanche, les sept derniers taxa étudiés appartenant tous au genre Melanoleuca semblent bien individualisés. Ce- pendant, seul un examen de tous les types portant le nom générique Melanoleuca selon des critéres modernes tels ceux proposés par Singer (1975), Bon (1978), Kiihner(1980) et utilisés ici, permettrait de posséder une vue d'en- semble et d'‘établir synonymies et parentés entre les espéces. C'est ce travail que nous nous proposons de réaliser ultérieurement. V: REMERCIEMENTS Je remercie vivement Monsieur le Professeur Clémencon ainsi que Messieurs Bon, Dr.- et Burdet, conservateur qui ont accepté de relire ce travail et qui m'ont communiqué leurs judicieuses remarques. Je remercie également Madame et Messieurs les Drs Patricia K. Holmgren, directeur de l'herbarium de NY, John H. Haines, James W. Kimbrough et Donald H. Pfister, respectivement conservateurs des her- biers de NYS, de FLAS et de FH qui ont bien voulu me préter les différentes collections étudiées. VI: REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Ammirati, J.-F. & Ovrebo, C.-L. 1979. Types studies: Somes Cortinarius and Tricholoma species described by Charles-Horton Peck. Mycotaxon 8 :3553-371. Bigelow, H.-E. 1979. <A contribution to Tricholoma. Bei- hefte zur Sydowia, Annales Mycologici, ser. Lely 8 :54-62. Bigelow, H.-E. & Barr, M.-E. 1962. Contribution to fungus flora of Northeastern north America II. Rhodora 64 :126-137. Loz Bon, M. 1978. Tricholomataceae de France et d'Europe occidentale (Leucopaxilloideae). Documents mycolo- giques 9 :1-79. Clémengon, H. 1982. Types studies and typification in Lyophyllum (Agaricales). I. Staining species. My- cotaxon 15 :67-94. Hesler, L.-R.- 1958. Southeastern Agaricales II. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 33 :186-191. Index of Fungi 1920-1980. Commonwealth Mycological Insti- tute, Kew, Surrey. Ktihner, R. 1980. Les Hymenomycétes agaricoides. Numéro spécial du Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Lyon. Kiihner, R. & Maire, R. 1926. Contribution a 1'étude des Hymenomycétes et spécialement des Agaricacées. Le Botaniste 17 :131-139. Melzer, V. 1924. L'ornementation des spores de Russules. Bulletin de la Société mycologique de France 40:78-81. Métrod, G. 1948. Essai sur le genre Melanoleuca Patouil- lard emend. Bulletin de la Société mycologique de France 64 :140-165. Patouillard, N.-T. 1887. Les Hymenomycétes d'Europe, Paris, Librairie Paul Klincksieck, p.96. Patouillard, N.-T. 1897. Catalogue raisonné des plantes cellulaires de Tunisie, Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, p22. Saccardo, P.-A. 1887, 1925. Sylloge Fungorum 5 :87-141, 23 325-46 Singer, Re 1942. Types studies on Agarics. Lloydia 5 :97- Tos Singer, R. 1975. The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. Cramer, Vaduz, 912 pages. MYCOTAXON Vou. ALK, Dp. 72557156 January-March 1984 NEW LEAF SPOT FUNGUS, MARSSONINA BALSAMIFERAE, ON POPULUS BALSAMIFERA IN MANITOBA AND ONTARIO YASUYUKI HIRATSUKA Northern Forest Research Centre Canadian Forestry Service Envtronment Canada 6520 - 122 Street Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 8S6 Two herbarium specimens of a fungus associated with leaf spot on Populus balsamtfera L. collected in Manitoba in 1966, tentatively identified as Marssonina sp., were reexamined. They and another specimen collected in or before 1893 in Ontario by J. Dearness deposited in DAOM (Ottawa), are an undescribed species of Marssontna. The species is described as follows. Marssonina balsamiferae Y. Hiratsuka sp. nov. Acervuli hypophylli, subcutilcularia, in brunneus macula usque ad 5 mm diam et confluentibus. Conidiophorum phialides. Conidia hyalina, parum curvus, uniseptata, cellula apicali magna acutaque, cellula basali cicatrice plana praedita, 18.0-21.0 X 4.5-5.5n. Acervuli hypophylous, subcuticular on brown spots up to 5 mm in diameter and often confluent. Conidiophores simple, phialidic. Conidia hyaline, somewhat curved, 2-celled with upper larger cell with pointed end and lower smaller cell with flat basal scar, 18.0-21.0 X 4.5-5.5u (Pies. bh oand: 2)... HOLOTYPE: On Populus balsamtfera L., CFB (WINF(M)4766), 16 mi N. Rivérton, Man.,4 Aug. 1966, J. Arthurs. Isotype at DAOM. OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: On Populus. balsamtfera L., CFB (WINF(M)4791), 6 mi N. Selkirk, Man., 2 Aug. 1966, J. Arthurs; DAOM (Dearness 331 as M. popult (Lib.) Magn.) 134 Fig.l. Leaf spot symptom of Marssontina balsamiferae Y. Hiratsuka on Populus balsamtfera L. (CFB(WINF(M) 4791)). Bioe2. Conidia of Marssonina balsantferae Y. Hiratsuka (CFS(WINF(M) 4791)). Positions of septa are shown in arrows. 135 London, Ont., in or before 1893, J. Dearness. Although Sutton (1973) states that Marssonina, among several other common and universally known genera of coelomycetes, is heterogenous because of unknown conidium ontogeny in the type species, I think this fungus is best placed in Marssonina at this time because the conidia are hyaline, unequally divided into two cells, and produced in acervuli. Several species of Marssonta are known on Populus: M. popult (Lib.) Magn., M. brunnea (E11. & Ev.) Magn., M. castagnet (Desm. & Mont.) Magn., M. popultna (Schmab1) Maen., and M. tremulotdes Kleb. (Rimpau 1962, Gremmen 1965, Pirozynski 1974a, b, c). Distinctions between some of the species and their perfect state relationships (Drepanopeztza spp.) are not clear, but none of them has pointed upper cells. Marssonina fragartae (Lib.) Kleb. (=Dtplocarpon earltanum (E11. & Ev.) Wolf.) on species of Potenttlla and Fragarta has conidia having pointed upper cells (Sutton 1980), but conidia of this species are much larger than those of M. balsamiferae (16.5-29.0 X 5.5-8.0u). A common species of Marssonina on Populus balsamtfera (M. popult (Lib.) Magn. = stat. perfect Drepanopeztza populorum (Désm.) Hbhn.)-has conidia of similar ‘size (19.0-23.5 X 6.5-8.0u) but it differs from M. balsamtferae by conidia having rounded rather than pointed upper cells and by occurring mostly on the upper side of leaves rather than on the lower side. Distince brown to reddish brown spots produced by M. balsamiferae are very characteristic and are different from all other known leaf spots on balsam poplar. LITERATURE CITED Gremmen, J. 1965. Three poplar-inhabiting Drepanopeziza species and their life history. Ned. Bosb. Tijdschr. 7 ia ie) bead eyo ye Pirozynski, K.A. 1974a. Marssonina brunnea. Fungi Canadensis No. 13. National Mycol. Herb. Biosystematic Res. Inst., Agric. Can., Ottawa, 2pp. Pirozynski, K.A. 1974b. Marssonina castagnet Fungi Canadensis No. 14. National Mycol. Herb. Biosystematic Res. Inst., Agric. Can., Ottawa, 2pp. Pirozynski, K.A. 1974c. Marssontna popult. Fungi Canadensis No. 15. National Mycol. Herb. Biosystematic 136 Res, “inst. Agric. Gan., Ottawa, 2pp. Rimpau, R.G. 1962. Untersuchungen uber der Guttung Drepanopeztza (Kleb.) v. Hohn. Phytopathol. Z. 43:257-306. sutton; B.C. 19/3. Coélomycetes. inthe. fungi, van advanced treatise. Vol. 4A. G.C. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow and A.S. Sussman (eds.). Academic Press, New York. Sutton, B.C. 1980. The Coelomycetes. Commonwealth Mycol. Inst., Kew, Surrey, 696pp. MYCO'TAXON Wie Pps og ola oe January-March 1984 TYPESSTUDEES (EN THE POLYPORACEAE: 15, SPECIES DESCRIBED BY L.O. OVERHOLTS, EITHER ALONE OR WITH J.L. LOWE L. Ryvarden Botantcal Inst. Universtty of Oslo P.O. Box 1045, Blindern. Oslo 3, Norway Revie Gilbertson Department of Plant Pathology Universtty of Artzona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA SUMMARY L.O. Overholts, either alone or with J.L. Lowe, described 35 polypores out of which 23 are illegitimately published, 7 are accepted while 5 are synonyms. Of the illegitimately published species, 14 are synonyms while 9 are taxonomically accepted out of which one has previously been validated, while the remaining 8 have been validated with the following names: Antrodtella amertcana, A. overholtstt, Antrodia sordida, Perenntporta elltpsospora, P. vartegata, P. amylohypha, Spongtporus lateralts and Wolftporta dtlatohypha. The genus Wolftporta is described with Porta cocos as type. The following new combinations are proposed: Antrodta carbonica, Parmastomyces transmu- tans, Spongtporus subvermtsporus and Wolftporia cocos. Most of this time as a mycologist, Overholts was occupied with polypores, and the result of his life long studies is found in his fa- mous flora "The Polyporaceae of the United States, Alaska, and Canada" (Overholts, 1953). He did most of his collecting inside the United States, and compared with authors like W. A. Murrill and C. G. Lloyd, he was very careful. He described only 35 species, most of them alone and a few with Professor J. L. Lowe. However, Overholts neglected the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (in the following abbrev- iated ICBN), and as he published most of his new species after Jan. 1, 1935 without a Latin description, a very high proportion of his species are described with illegitimate names. In connection with a new and complete flora of North American polypores (including both resupinate and pileate species), we found it desirable to sort out the problems with Overholts' illegitimate names separately, rather than in the flora itself. Some of Overholts' ille- gitimately described species have been found to be synonyms, and these species have been left without further treatment to avoid superfluous names. The taxonomically accepted ones have been validated, and we have followed Recommendation 72A in the ICBN and avoided an adoption of 138 the illegitimate epithets and have given them new names. The species are treated alphabetically according to specific epi- thet, and when no author is mentioned, they were described by Overholts alone. The status of the name, if illegitimate, is stated together with the type. The types of all species are in the herbarium of the Pennsylvania State University (PAC), and this information has not been repeated for each species. Each type has been given a number in the Overholts herbarium, and if no collector is given, the type was collect- ed by Overholts himself. Overholts published his species in a restrict- ed number of journals, and to save space they are abbreviated as fol- lows. (Bull “Penn. Agric. Exp, Sta.) = BPA; Bull. Torrey \Botwe@lub a= BIBC;, Mycologia = MYCOL; Proc. Penn.. Acad. Sci. = PPA; Polyporus abtettcola MYCOL 33:93. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin description. Type: Canada, Quebec, Duchesnay, Aug. 24, 1938. Overholts no. 21571. This specimen represents a collection of Wrightoporia sub- ruttlans (Murr.) Ryv., as indicated in Ryvarden (1982:147). Polyporus aestivale BPA 418:20. 1942. Illegitimate name, no Latin de- scription. Type: USA, Pennsylvania, Clarion County, Cook Forest, June 25,) 1952... Le 04, OverhoLts and Ins Wy White nos, 14564.) Toms’ the ispectes seems most properly placed in Antrodiella because of its dimitic hyphal system, the small spores, and the translucent to gelatinous consistency when fresh. The cystidia mentioned by Lowe (1966) are difficult to find, and by us only seen in a few places near the pore mouths. These organs are not thickwalled as shown by Lowe (op. cit.), but rather thin- walled and sometimes moniliform or frequently with a nipple, a few also with a swollen apex. They seemingly originate from generative hyphae, which also seems to be Lowe's opinion as his drawing shows one of the cystidia with a clamped septum. We are not quite sure whether it is appropriate to call these organs cystidia or whether they only represent some irregular hyphal growth. The following name is proposed for this taxon: Antrodtella americana Ryv. & Gilbn., sp. nov. Fructificatio resupinata, pori angulati ad irregulares. Systema hyphar- um dimiticum, hyphae generatoriae hyalinae, tenuitunicatae et fibulatae, hyphae skeletales crassitunicatae, sporae ellapsoidac yy 225-545 0-4, 5— 2.2 um, hyalinae et tenuitunicatae, non-amyloideae. Typus: USA, Penn- sylvania, Clarion: County, (Cook Forest,;.June 23, 1942. Li) 0. Overholgs and L. W. White, no. 14364. (PAC). Trametes amertcana BPA 316:15. 1935. Illegitimate name, no Latin de- scription. No type indicated. The taxon has been given a valid name on the subspecific level as Osmoporus odoratus subsp. amertcanus Fidalgo by Fidalgo (1962:124). However, she neither indicated a type collection nor examined any collection from the type locality which she, for unknown reasons, reported as Pennsylvania, USA. In our opinion, Fidalgo's in- terpretation of the taxon is correct although we feel that little is gained by giving it a taxonomic rank as a subspecies and we will refer to it as Gloeophyllum odoratum (Fr.) Imaz. Those who eventually want to raise Fidalgo's subspecies to specific level must make the combination with reference to her description, and not to the illegitimate name of Overholts', besides selecting a type collection. Polyporus bastlaris Overh. in Bailey, BTBC 68:112. 1941. Type: USA, California, Berkeley, Feb. 14, 1923, on Cupressus macrocarpa, Overholts NOP YS52 71 = Tyromyces balsameus (Pk.) Murr. with rare cystidia. Tay Polyporus canadensis MYCOL 33:97. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin description. Type: Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Davis Swamp, Aug. 16, 1933, J. W. Groves. Overholts’ no. 16860: Lowe (1975:44) accepted the taxon in Tyromyces and was aware that a Latin diagnosis or description was lacking. Thus, he supplied one, but very unfortunately he described the taxon in Polyporus and at the same time made the combination in Tyromyces. By doing this, he contra- vened Article 34 in the ICBN and both the name and the combination are invalid. We accept the species, but feel it should better be placed in Antrodtella because of its dimitic hyphal system and very small ellip- soid to oval spores. In changing the name we would like to honour Overholts and propose: Antrodiella overholtstt Ryv. & Gilbn., sp. nov. Fructificatio imbricato-sessilis, pileus albus ad brunneus, pori facies alba, pori angulati, 4-6 per mm, contextus albido. Systema hypharum di- miticum, hyphae generatoriae hyalinae, tenuitunicatae ad crassitunica- tae et fibulatae, hyphae skeletales restrictae ad contextum. Sporae ellipsoidae ad subglobosae, laeves, hyalinae et non-amyloidae, 2.5-3.5 XizZ-omemer Type: Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Aug. (16.1953, leg. : J. W. Groves, in Picea. Overholts no. 16860 (PAC). there jisiva detailed description an Lowe)(Op. cite), Polyporus canalitculatus MYCOL 33:100. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin, description. Type: USA; Tennessee, -Blount County, ‘Cade''s, Cove, Rien, LOSS oloeeR. “Hesler rand (As: Smith: sOverholts ino, (21569. As already indicated by Pouzar (1972:199), the type is a specimen of Polyporoletus sublivitdus Snell, described in 1936 by Snell (1936:467). Furthermore, the illegitimate name is a homonym of P. canaltculatus Pat... from 1898. Porta earbontca Can. J. Res. Sect. C 21:232. 1943. Type: Canada, Brit- ash Columbia, Saanichton, Aug. 31, 1938, I..Mounce and’ J. Straight. Overholts no.’ 22021. There is also a good description in Lowe (1966:107) and the species is accepted although we prefer to place it in Antrodta because of its di- mitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and non-amyloid, hyaline, thinwalled spores. Antrodta carbonitca (Overh.) Ryv. §& Gilbn., comb. nov. Basionym: Porta earhonvearOverh., Can.aJW Res. Sect) .G 2422322 1943. Porta chromatica PPA 13:123. 1939. Illegitimate name, no Latin de- scription. Type: USA, New Hampshire, North Conway, June 8, 1918. Over- holts no. 4606. Lowe (1966:101) stated that the type is a specimen of Porta erustulina Bres. Furthermore, Overholts' illegitimate name is also a homonym of Porta chromatica (Berk. § Curt.) Cke. from 1888. Pilat (1940:3) des- cribed Porta conwayana also» based on the specimen cited above. Porta cognata MYCOL 35:248. 1943. Illegitimate name, no Latin descrip- ‘tion. Type: USA, Tennessee, Gatlinburg, Mt. LeConte, Aug. 15, 1939. Overholts no. 22045. The type of Overholts' illegitimate species is a specimen of Porta ran- eida Bres., a species we prefer to place in Tyromyces because of its monomitic hyphal system with hyaline, smooth, and cylindrical spores. It will be treated in a later paper on Bresadola's polypores. Polyporus compactus BTBC 49:170. 1929. Type: USA, New Jersey, New Brunswick, Aug. 25, 1920. Overholts and West, no. 7873. Macroscopically the species is rather similar to Perenniporta medulla- 140 pants (Fr.) Donk, but microscopically it is easily separated because of its slightly larger basidiospores and above all by its dextrinoid, thickwalled chlamydospores which are very abundant in the subiculun. The following combination is proposed: Perenntporta compacta (Overh.) Ryv. & Gilbn., comb. nov. Basionym: Polyporus compactus Overh., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49:170. 1929. Porta conferta BPA 418:25. 1942. Illegitimate name, no Latin descrip- tion. Type: USA, Pennsylvania, Forest County, Cook Forest, Sept. 18, 1937. “Overholts noi 21040; There as a description in Lowe)(1966:111)): The species ‘belongs an . Perenntporia because of its thickwalled and weakly dextrinoid spores and dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and we propose the following name: Perenntporta elltpsospora Ryv. & Gilbn., sp. nov. Fructificatio resupinata, poria facies alba vel cremea, pori angulati, 2-4 per mm. Systema hypharum dimiticum, hyphae generatoriae hyalinae et fibulatae, hyphae skeletales crassitunicatae, 2-4 um latae, dextrinoid- eae, sporae ellipsoideae, crassitunicatae, laeves, hyalinae et leviter dextrinoidedae: Type: as cited above “in PAC. Porta discolor BPA 418:28. 1942. Illegitimate name, no Latin descrip- tion. Type: USA, Pennsylvania, Cambria County, Belsano, Oet. 6, 1934, Overholts mo. 195352). The species is accepted and belongs in Perenntporta because of its di- mitic hyphal system with dextrinoid skeletal hyphae and generative hy- phae with clamps. The spores are slightly thickwalled and distinctly dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent. The tubes are white to yellowish when fresh, but change colour and consistency, becoming discoloured and com- pact-translucent in contrast to the far more light-coloured context. Perenntporta vartegata Ryv. & Gilbn. sp. nov. Fructificatio resupinata, poria facies alba cum sicca, cremea ad brun- nea et cartilaginea et translucida cum siccus, pori circulares vel an- gulati, 2-3 per mm. Systema hypharum dimiticum, hyphae generatoriae hyalinae, fibulatae, hyphal skeletales crassitunicatae et dextrinoid- eae, sporae ellipsoideae vel subglobosae, crassitunicatae, dextrinoid- eae./ ype as (cited above, an PAC. Polyporus durescens MYCOL 33:98. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin de- scription. Type: USA; Oh¥o, West Elkton; July, 28,1917. -Overholts no, 4215. Lowe (1975:65) was aware that the name was illegitimate and val- idated the name with a Latin description. The species belongs in the difficult group of brown rot species around Polyporus palustris Berk. & Curt. and Fomttopsts meliae (Underw.) Gilbn. Besides a difference in choice of substrate we see no micro- or macroscopical differences be- tween the former and P. durescens and are convinced that they both rep- resent the same variable taxon. Porta elongata BPA 418:28. 1942. Illegitimate name, no Latin descrip- tion. Type: USA,) Pennsylvania, (Kane County); Tionesta Tract, sOct. <3. 1936, on Acer. log. Overholts no. 21129. The species, has been accepted by several authors. Domanski (1973:160) transferred it to Perenntporia, which of course did not validate the basionym. We agree with Domanski with regard to the position of the species and have chosen an epithet that refers to the amyloid reaction of the skeletal hyphae. This is unique in the genus where most species either have none or a dextrinoid reaction of the skeletal hyphae in Melzer's reagent. Perenntporta amylohypha Ryv. & Gilbn. sp. nov. Fructificatio resupinata, pori facies alba cum viva, flava vel brunnea 141 cum sicca, pori angulati 3-5 per mm, contextus albus et fibrosus. Sys- tema hypharum dimiticum, hyphae generatoriae hyalinae et fibulatae, hyphae skeletales hyalinae, crassitunicatae leviter amyloideae, sporae ellipsoideae, crassitunicatae leviter dextrinoideae, 4.5-6 x 3-4 um. Typus: as cited above in PAC. There is an English description in Lowe (1960 F170). Portia flaccida BTBC 65:180. 1938. Type: USA, Louisiana, Kilbourne, Aug. 14, 1939. Overholts no. 14073. = Rigtdoporus xylostromatotdes (Berk.) Ryv. as already indicated by Lowe (1966:39). Porta grandis MYCOL 35:249. 1943. Type: USA, Tennessee, Great Smoky Mts. Nat. Park, above Naturalists' Headquarters, Aug. 19, 1939. J.A. Stevenson & R.W. Davidson. BPI no. 71421. Illegitimate name, no Latin description. The type of the illegitimate name is a specimen of Anomo- porta albolutescens (Rom.) Pouz. as already indicated by Lowe (1966:59). Poria tlludens Overh. §& Lowe MYCOL 38:207. 1946. Type: USA, Vermont, Brandon, H.G. Eno. Overholts no. 19193. = Writghtoporia subruttlans (Murr.) Ryv. as indicated in Ryvarden (1982:147). Polyporus tlludens MYCOL 33:95. 1941. Type: USA, Idaho, Bovill, Sept. 26, 01920. A.S. Rhoads. Overholts no. /14302..° Illegitimate name, no Lat- in description. The type specimen is Albatréllus dispansus (Lloyd) Canf. §& Gilbn. as already indicated by Imazeki and Toki (1954) and Can- field and Gilbertson (1971). Poria inflata PPA 13:123, 1939. Illegitimate name, no Latin descrip- tioneselype: USA, Ohio, Oxford; Nov:) 21, "E9IL." Overholts no... 279; The species was transferred to Macrohyporita by Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) which of course did not validate the basionym. Macrohyporta is typified by Polyporus dtetyoporus Cooke, a species characterized by slightly thickwalled subglobose spores, rather different from those of Porta cocos (Schw.) Wolf and Porta inflata Overh., two North American species which have been transferred to the genus. After examination of the North American species we propose a new genus for them, and name it in honour of F.A. Wolf who was the first to describe the perfect stage of Selerottum cocos Schw. Wolftporta Ryv. & Gilbn., gen. nov. Fructificatio resupinata , effusa, pori cremei, ochracei vel brunneoli. Systema hypharum monomiticum vel subdimiticum, hyphae generatoriae tenuitunicatae, afibulatae usque ad 25 um latae, hyphae skeletales ramosae, sporae tenuitunicatae, hyalinae , cylindricae ad ellipsoideae, non-amyloideae. Type species: Wolftporia coecos (Wolf) Ryv. & Gilbn., comb. nov. Basionym: Porta cocos Wolf, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 38:134-135. 1922. The taxon given the il- legitimate name Porta inflata by Overholts should also be placed in Wolftporia with the following description: Wolftporta dtlatohypha Ryv. §& Gilbn., sp. nov. Fructificatio resupinata, alba ad cremea, pori angulati, 3-5 per mn. Systema hypharum monomiticum, hyphae generatoriae afibulatae, usque ad 25 um latae, sporae ellipsoideae, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae et non-amy- boideqe, 45° x °2.5-3-55° um." ) Typus USA, Ohio; Oxtord,” Nov 2:21, 1911. Overholts no. 279 in PAC. There is an English description in Lowe (1966:29). Porta lenta Overh. § Lowe MYCOL 38:210. 1946. Type: USA, New York. Warrensburg, J. Lowe no. 1767. =Wrtghtoporta lenta (Overh. §& Lowe) Pouz.-e For. ajdescription, see Lowe’ (1966711), or Ryvarden (1982:147). Polyporus lineatus MYCOL 33:101. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin 142 description. Type: USA, Pennsylvania, Center County, Houserville, Nov. 11, 1921, on log of Pinus rigtda. Overholts no. 8023. = Tyromyces undosus (Pk.) Murr. Lowe (1975:32) accepted the species and was aware that the name was illegitimate and consequently gave a Latin descrip- tion. Unfortunately, as he described the species in Polyporus and simultaneously transferred it to Tyromyces, he contravened Article 34 in ICBN and made both names invalid. Porta magnahypha BPA 418:31. 1942. Illegitimate name, no Latin de- scription. Type: USA, Pennsylvania, Elk County, Allegheny Nat. Forest, July 30, 1939. Overholts no. 22038. As already indicated by Lowe (1966:28), the type represents a specimen of Wolftporita cocos (Wolf) Ryv. & Gilbn. Porta mappa Overh. & Lowe. MYCOL 38:210. 1946. Type: Canada, British Columbia, Enderly, D.C. Buckland. Overholts no. 24445. = Tyromyces mappa (Overh. & Lowe) Ryv. For a description, see Lowe (1966:77). Porta microspora Overh. in Nobles., Can. .J. Res. Seet. C 210;2240) -1o4se Type: Canada, British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Islands, May 15, 1942. J...) Bier. Overholts no’. 10724. The: type is a ‘specimen’ or Tyromces placenta (Fr.) Ryv. as already indicated by Lowe (1966:81). Porta notata BPA 418:33. 1942. Illegitimate name, no Latin descrip- tion. Type: USA, Pennsylvania, Lycoming County, Ralston, June 3, 1938. Overholts no. 21135. The type is a specimen of Porta subvermtspora Pilat as already indicated by Lowe (1966). This species is monomitic with a white rot, and we propose the following new combination: Spongtporus subvermtsporus (Pilat) Ryv. & Gilbn. comb. nov. Basionym: Porta subvermispora Pilat, Studia Bot. Czech. 3:2. 1940. Fomes ocetdentalts MYCOL 33:101. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin description. Types USA, Idaho, Saint Maries ;; Nov. 18; 19112) “Overiolzs no. 21572. Lombard et al. (1972:352) were aware that, Overholts' species was without a valid name and they supplied a Latin description, which they, however, ascribed to Overholts. It may be discussed wheth- er this is reasonable as Overholts himself had been dead over 20 years when the validation was done. The authorship should probably be cited as Overh. ex Lombard, David. & Gilbn. A complicating point in this matter is that Gilbertson made a combination in Phellinus on the same page, and the whole validation is almost in contravention with Article in the ICBN.. The appropriate sentence, in this ‘article ‘is the, follow. ing: "When, on or after 1 Jan., 1953, two or more different names (so called alternative names) are proposed simultaneously for the same taxon by the same author (our italics), none of them is validly pub- lished." It is apparent that when Lombard, Davidson, and Gilbertson described the species (based on a name proposed by Overholts) and Gil- bertson alone made the combination, there is no contravention of the ICBN although some may think that this is an interpretation more to the letter than to the spirit of the ICBN. However, to avoid another name for this taxon we accept the procedure referred to above as a proper validation of Overholts' original illegitimate name. Besides the de- scription of Lombard, Davidson, and Gilbertson (op. cit.) there is also one in Gilbertson (1979:70). Porta oleagina BPA 418:34. 1942. Illegitimate name, no Latin descrip- trons Type: USA, New Hampshire, North Conway, Aug. 10, 1920; Wien: Snell 557. We accept the species in Antrodta and propose the following name: 143 Antrodia sorditda Ryv. & Gilbn., sp. nov. Fructificatio resupinata, pori facies alba ad cremea cum viva, sordida et fragilis cum sicca, pori circulares ad angulati, 4-6 per mm. Systema hypharum dimiticum, hyphae generatoriae fibulatae, hyphae skeletales crassitunicatae, hyalinae, sporae ellipsoideae, hyalineae, non-amyloid- Cicy mono Oak) oa2eun. « ypUus. aS..citéed above in PAG. “sIhere asian English description in Lowe (1966:99). Fomes portortcensts Overh. in Seaver § Chardon, Sci. Surv. Puerto Rico GoVirginglsi” S158" 1926. Types Puerto: Rico, Rio Piedras, J.R. John- son, Nov. 30, 1911. = Phellinus portoricensts (Overh.) Fidalgo. There is a description in Fidalgo (1968:111) and in Ryvarden and Johansen (LOS 05197). Fomes repandus MYCOL 44:224. 1952. Type: USA, Idaho, Upper Priest River, July, 1925, C. Epling. Overholts no. 11648. = Phellinus re- pandus (Overh.) Gilbn. There is a detailed description in Lombard et al. (1972:357) and in Gilbertson (1979:74). Porta rubens Overh. §& Lowe, MYCOL 38:211-212. 1946. Type: Canada, British Columbia, Owl Creek, June 15, 1930, J. R. Hansbrough no. 40660. Overholts no. 13984. = Hapaloptlus salmontcolor (Berk. & Curt.)Pouzar, teste Lowe (1966:80). Polyporus scrobtculatus MYCOL 33:91. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin description. Type: USA, Pennsylvania, Huntingdon County, Stone Creek, Veteso5 b057 ‘Overholts no. 20376. The species is accepted and is characterized by a white, pileate, annual fruitbody with clamped gener- ative hyphae and smooth, thinwalled and hyaline spores. Thus, Spongt- porus is the appropriate genus. Spongtporus lateralts Ryv. & Gilbn., sp. nov. Fructificatio dimidiata, glabra vel velutina, alba ad cremea, pori facies alba, pori angulati ad irregulares, 2-4 per mm. Systema hypharum monomiticum, hyphae generatoriae fibulatae, 2-5 um latae, sporae ellip- soideae, hyalinae, tenuitunicatae et non-amyloideae, 4-6 x 2.5-4 um. Typus: as cited above in PAC. There is an English description in Overholts (1953:260). Poria stenospora PPA 13:125. 1939. Illegitimate name, no Latin de- scription. Type: USA, Washington, Newman Lake, Aug. 1, 1936, C. R. Stillinger. Overholts no. 21564. = Dichomitus squalens (Karst.) Reid, resupinate condition. Polyporus subcarttlagineus MYCOL 33:90. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin description. Type: Canada, Quebec, Nataku Depot, 80 miles N. of Maniwaka, Sept. 27, 1938, A. W. McCallum. Overholts no. 21573. The type is a specimen of Parmastomyces transmutans (Overh.) Ryv. §& Gilbn. (see below). Polyporus sylvestris MYCOL 33:94. 1941. Illegitimate name, no Latin description. Type: Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Cowi- cnanmiake. CO. (Gy Riley, Aug:, 11929- Overholts “nos (13026. \Pouzar (1972: 199) validated the name and pointed out that it was very closely re- lated to Polyporoletus subltvtdus Snell, but could be separated by hav- ing a finer ornamentation on the spores and a slightly less scaly pi- leus. After having examined specimens from both East and West America and photographed the spores in a scanning electron microscope, we are convinced that they represent the same species as we see no difference in spore ornamentation in specimens from the two areas. 144 Polyporus transmutans MYCOL 44:226. 1952. Type: USA, Pennsylvania, McKean County, Westline, Sept. 10, 1940, on Prunus serotina, W. A. Campbell and R. W. Davidson. Overholts no. 22971. The type is a spec- imen of Parmastomyces kravtzevtanus (Bond. & Parm.) Kotl. § Pouz. How- ever, Overholts' name has priority and the following combination is proposed: Parmastomyces transmutans (Overh.) Ryv. §& Gilbn., comb. nov. Basionym: Polyporus transmutans Overh., Mycologia 44:226. 1952. # REFERENCES CANFIELD, E.R. and R.L. GILBERTSON. 1971. Notes on the genus Alba- trellus in Arizona. Mycologia 63:964-971.- DOMANSKI, S. 1973. Porta elongata in Poland. Persoonia 7:155-160.- FIDALGO, M.E.P.K. 1962. The genus Osmoporus Sing. Rickia 1:95-138.- FIDALGO, 0. 1968. Phellinus pachyphloeus and its allies. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 17(2):109-147.- GILBERTSON, R.L. 1979. The genus Phellinus (Aphyllophorales, Hymeno- chaetaceae) in western North America. Mycotaxon 9:51-89.- IMAZEKI, R. and S. TOKI. 1954. Higher fungi of Asakawa Experiment Forest. Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. Tokyo 67:19-71.- LOMBARD, F., R.W. DAVIDSON, and R.L. GILBERTSON. 1972. Studies of two species of Phellinus in western North America. Mycopath. et Mycol. Appl. 46:351-356.- LOWE, J.L. 1966. Polyporaceae of North America. The genus Porta. State Univ. N.Y. Coll. Forestry Syracuse Univ. Tech. Publ. 90:1-193.- LOWE, J.L. 1975. Poly- poraceae of North America. The genus Tyromyces. Mycotaxon 2:1-82.- OVERHOLTS, L.O. 1953. The Polyporaceae of the United States, Alaska, and Canada. Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.- PILAT, A. 1940. Species nova boreali americanae generis Porta. Stud. Bot. Czech. 3:1-4.- POUZAR, Z. 1972. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Albatrellus Polyporaceae). I. A conspectus of species of the North Temperate Zone. Ceska Mykol. 26:194-200.- RYVARDEN, L. 1982. Synopsis of the genus Wrtghtoporta. Nordic J. Bot. 2:145-149.- RYVARDEN, L. and I. JOHANSEN. 1980. A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo.- SNELL, W.H. 1936. Notes on boletes V. Mycologia 28:463-475. MYCOTAXON Vol. XIX, pp. 145-150 January-March 1984 THE SYNNEMATOUS HYPHOMYCETE MORRISOGRAPHIUM PILOSUM (EARLE) MORELET SYNONYMOUS WITH A "“COELOMYCETE", "CORNULARIA" PERSICAE (SCHW.) SACC. W.I. TILLMAN and G.P. WHITE Visiting Scientist and Research Technician, Respectively Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, K1A 0C6 ABSTRACT The synonymy of Morrisographium persicae comb. nov. is traced, with nomenclatorial notes on discarded names, and the formal transfer of the epithet "persicae" proposed. INTRODUCTION In anamorph taxonomy, students of the hyphomycetes on the one hand and of coelomycetes on the other have often Operated in isolation. Nowhere is this more clearly demonstrated than in the treatment of Periconia persicae, the fungus at which Schweinitz (1822) marvelled in these words "Copia incredibili fere omnes ramos ramulosque et truncos emortuarum Persicarum investit et quasi spinulos reddit..." He further noted that the fungus occurred on minor native species of Prunus as well. THE SEQUENCE OF SYNONYMIES While Fries (1832), who had the Schweinitz collection at hand, catalogued it under Sporocybe among hyphomycetes, subsequent workers frequently used the epithet in genera which contained at least some coelomycete species. Thus both Ellis (1883) and Rabenhorst (1883) placed it in Sphaeronema, and Saccardo (1884) in Karsten's new genus Corniculariella (Karsten, 1884)——-to which he applied, without explanation, the shortened form Cornularia (thus creating a superfluous name). That it does not belong in Corniculariella has been demonstrated by Di Cosmo (1978). 146 Ellis and Everhart (1891) deferred to Saccardo's usage and called their new species collected on elm Cornularia ulmicola. Examination of the type collection clearly shows it to be much like the peach-twig fungus, C. persicae (Schw.) Sacc., but specifically distinct. The name Cornularia recurs time and again in classic herbarium Specimens and distributed exsiccati specimens of this era. Jaczewski (1898) in his monographic treatment of Sphaeronaema segregated S. persicae, with other species, into a new genus Pseudographium Jacz. He, however, included the species on which Saccardo (1884) had founded his Sphaerographium, S. lonicerae Fuckel (=S. squarrosum Riess, fide Hdhnel (1915)). He thereby put his intended new genus into obligate synonymy under Sphaerographium, as pointed out by Sutton (1977). When von H@hnel (1915) revised Pseudographium, his newly delimited taxon was so drawn as to accommodate P. persicae and certain clearly related species. He pointed out that Pseudographium squarrosum (Riess) Jacz. was the type of the genus Sphaerographium and as such could not be assigned to a new genus, noting that "Er ist auch ganz anders gebaut, passt nicht in seine Gattung und wurde von Jaczewski vollig verkannt". Notwithstanding his sound mycological judgment, v. Hohnel's revised Pseudographium becomes a later homonym of Pseudographium Jaczewski and hence inadmissible under the Rules as a generic designation. When Earle (1897) described the “peach-twig" organism as new, he recognised it as a stilbaceous hyphomycete in Isaniopsis, as Il. pilosa Earle. Ferraris (1909) transferred Earle's Isariopsis pilosa to Phaeoisariopsis on the basis of the dark synnemata characteristic of the fungus. Morris (1966) described a new genus and new species founded upon a fungus developed in moist chamber culture of bark from Ulmus americana L., Phragmographium ulmi Morris. Two years later, Jong and Morris (1968), in a monograph of Phaeoisariopsis excluded P. pilosa (Earle) Ferraris on the basis of conidiogeny differing radically from the process in other species of the genus: they placed this fungus as 147 Phragmographium pilosum (Earle) Morris, noting correctly that "P. pilosa is congeneric with Phragmographium ulmi, the type of Phragmographium". Morelet (1968) pointed out that "Phragmographium" Morris constitutes a later homonym for Phragmographum P. Henn., a pyrenomycete genus. He proposed a replacement name Morrisographium in honor of Everett Morris, author of “Phragmographium" and placed I. pilosa in the genus as "Espéce type", Morrisographium pilosum (Earle) Morelet. Saccardo (1915) contributed another superfluous epithet, Harpographium magnum Sacc. in a genus to which the organism he had at hand clearly does not belong. IDENTITY OF “CORNULARIA" PERSICAE AND MORRISOGRAPHIUM PILOSUM While the type material of Periconia Persicae Schweinitz (1822) from North Carolina is apparently not extant, an authenticated collection stamped "Herb. E. Fries" has been made available for study. This fungus, collected in South Carolina and labelled as "“Sporocybe Persicae Fries "[scr. Fries] proves to be identical with material of the type of Isariopsis pilosa Earle, collected in Alabama on the same host, i.e. twigs of peach. Thus we are presented with an earlier epithet which must take precedence over Morrisographium pilosum (Earle) Morelet because it was validly published three-quarters of a century earlier. The formal combination is hereby proposed as Morrisographium persicae (Schw.) W.I. Illman and G.P. White. The following nomenclator sets forth the synonymy of the species as known to us: Morrisographium persicae (Schw.) W.I. I1]lman and G.P. White, comb. nov. =Periconia persicae Schw. Schriften Naturf. ges. PEND ZNde ek SECORMIRLOCL. =Sporocybe persicae (Schw.) Fr., Syst. Mycol., 3:342. Soe. 148 =Sphaeronema persicae (Schw:Fr.) Ell. North Amer. Pungt. NO.946*.) l38s3. =Cornularia persicae (Schw.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3:599, 1884. =Pseudographium persicae (Schw.) Jacz., Nouv. Mem. Socay Imps: ‘NateyMoscow. .15:3704 41698; =Pseudographium persicae (Schw.) Jacz. emend. Hohn. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wein, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., ADtG) Leal 24-49-1595) 915. =Isariopsis pilosa Earle, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:30. £897 =Phaeoisariopsis pilosa (Earle) Ferraris, Ann. Mycol. 71228060, 1909. =Phragmographium pilosum (Earle) Morris, in Jong & Morris, Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 34:264. 1968. =Morrisographium pilosum (Earle) Morelet, Taxon LisOcOsavt 963: =Harpographium magnum Sacc., Ann. Mycol. 13:121. 1915. * designated neotype, deposited in DAOM in the exsiccatus, North American Fungi (Ellis) no. 946; the collection typifies well the species in question, is fertile with ample supply of conidia and is widely represented in a published set of exsiccati, providing numerous isoneotypes. Saccardo (1884) cited this number as an example of Cornularia persicae (Schw.) Sacc, Critical comparisons of Morrisogaphium persicae and known congeneric fungi (variously assigned by previous authors) are to be published elsewhere in a following paper (W.I. Illman and G.P. White, 1983) where the numerous Specimens studied are listed. 149 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to acknowledge with gratitude the provision of authentic material of Sporocybe persicae sete} ie ECON Herb. E. Fries, by the curator of Herb. UPS, Uppsala, Sweden and of the type of Isariopsis pilosa Earle by the curator Herb. BPI, Beltsville, MD. Access to the National Fungus Collections and exsiccati in Herb DAOM and provision of working facilities in the Biosystematics Research Institute are deeply appreciated by the senior author during his tenure of sabbatical from Carleton University, Ottawa. Our thanks to Dr. C.JU.K. Wang for her critical review of the manuscript. REFERENCES Dicosmos).F.): 1978. “A revision of Gorniculariel la. “Cans. Bot. 56:1665-1690. Earle, F.S. 1897. New species of Fungi imperfecti from Alabama. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.24: 28-32. Ellis, J.B. 1883. Sphaeronema persicae (Schw. ex Fr.) Eales NOF CD Am. FUNGI. #946; Apr. 26. Ellis, J.B. & Everhart, B.M. 1891. New species of fungi FhOnevartoUuss vocal tties.) “Process Acad.: Nate, Sct.c: Pails 43: 76-93. Ferraris, T. 1909. Osservazioni micologiche su specie del gruppo Hyphales (Hyphomycetae). Ann. Mycol. 7: 273-286. Feles,or.mM. 1332... “Systema mycologicum,. \VOle Se. 24D. Lund. Hohnel, F. von. 1915. Fragmente zur Mykologie (XVIII. Mitteilung, Nr. 876 bis 943). Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1. 124: 49-159, Illman, W.I. and White, G.P. Morrisographium Morelet: Comparative studies of named species. In prep. for publ. 150 Jaczewski Von A. v. 1898. Monographie du genre ib: P78 38e Fries. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 2/8-386. JONGs S.-C. SP MOrriswe.r. L968. “Studies ‘onthe Synnematous Fungi Imperfecti III. Phaeoisariopsis' Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 34: 263:2/2. Karsten, P.A. 1884. Fragmenta mycologica. XIV. Hedwigia, 23: 5/-58. Morelet, M. 1968. Sur 1'illégitimite du genre Phragmographium (Stilbellaceae). Taxon 17: 6528. Morris, E.F. Studies on the synnematous Fungi Imperfecti-I. Mycopath. et Mycol. Appl. 28: 97-101. Rabenhorst, L. 1883. Sphaeronema persicae no. 3198, Fungi EuReiaExXss Saccardo, P.A. 1884. Sylloge fungorum, Vol. 3. 860 p. Pavia. 1915. Notae mycologicae. Ann. Mycol. 13: 115-138. Schweinitz, L.D. de 1822. Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris. Schriften Naturf. Ges. Leipzig. 1:20-13T. Sutton, B.C. 1977. Nomenclature of generic names proposed for Coelomycetes. Mycol. Pap. no. 141, C.M.I., Kew, England. MYCOTAXON Vou XPXR pp. Sit 66 January-March 1984 1 WOOD DECAY FUNGI OF COSTA RICA J. CARRANZA & J.-A. SAENZ R School of Biology University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica ABSTRACT The first part of a comprehensive report on wood decay fungi of Costa Rica that includes 32 species selected at random from a total of 179 species that have been collected in this country by others between 1896 and 1979 and by the authors between 1979 and 1981. Few of the species have been rarely collected before in Costa Rica, like Coriolus sector; Bierkandera adusta; TPrichaptum biformis; Phellinus gilvus; Cyclomyces iodinus; Ceriporia purpurea; Coriolus pavonius; amc perennis; Polyporus Lanensis; and Polyporus brumalis (first record for Costa Rica). Coriolus sobrius is only known from the type and a second collection has been reported from Costa Rica (Lowe, 1976). In Costa Rica the study of Polyporaceae has received more attention from foreign mycologists than other groups of fungi. In literature up to the present a total of 108 species of the above family have been reported for the Serene (Covington, 1980; Lowe, 1963; 1966; 1976; Murrill, 91 ss Research supported by Vicerrectoria de Investigacion, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica, Central America. Seventy one species of the 179 species that have been collected represent new records for the country. The classification adopted here is based mainly on Overholts (1953), Ainsworth (1973), Murrill (1915) and Ryvarden (1972; 1973). In the list of species which are order alphabetically, the collection stations of the authors are recorded with reference to the map (Fig. 1), in which the provinces of Costa Rica are designated by Roman numerals and the localities by Arabic numerals in parenthesis. Those species preceded by an asterisk (*) have been reported; all others are new records for the country. The following abbreviations are used to designate collections: R= Rowlee; TU= Tulane University; C= Covington; USJ= University of Costa Rica Herbarium; CR= National Museum Herbarium, Costa Rica; JCV= Authors collections. The following codes for distribution: NA= North America; SA= South America; CB= Caribbean; CA= Central America; CR= Costa Rica; A= Africas; E= Europe; AS= Asia e This paper is a contribution to knowledge of the types and distribution of wood decay fungi in Costa Rica, and to provide new research paths as to the economic implications of these fungi in the lumber industry and their important role in forest ecosystems. Specimens are deposited in the Herbarium Fungi Collection of the School of Biology, University of Costa Rica. Duplicates have been distributed to other institutions. The synonyma for the different genera have been taken from Overholts (1953), Murrill (1915), Lowe (1963 ; 1966; 1976), Ryvarden (1972; 1973) and Index of Fungi. Unless otherwise stated the description of the specimens agree with that given by Overholts. LIST OF SPECIES 1* Bierkandera adusta (Willd. : Fr.) Karst. Medd. Soc. Faun. Fl. Fenn. 5338, 1879. Polyporus adustus Willd. : Fr., Syst. Myc. 1:363, 1821. Distribution: NA; SA; CR; A; AS; Ee Costa Rica: USJ 21029 24-XI-793; I (1) 2,048 m.3 USI 31337, 11-XI-79; IV (4) 1,804 m.; USJ 21030, 13-III-81; IV (3) 1,804 m. Reported also from New Zealand (Cunningham, 1965). Comments: The specimens are typical of the species, although some of the sporocarps are wider reaching up to 8 cm. It is widely distributed in North and South America but apparently not very common in our country. There is one collection made by Standley & Valerio in Cerro Las Vueltas, San Jose, under the name Polyporus dissitus Berk. & Br. A piece of the original collection is placed in the Herbarium of the College of Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y. A duplicate of the above is in the USJ under #21387. The collections here mentioned represent the fourth record for Costa Rica. Covington (1980) listed it for Costa Rica under TU 7757. This fungus causes a rot of the white decay type. Habitat: On fence posts. 2.* Ceriporia purpurea (Fries) Donk., Konn. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amst. Proc. Ser. C. 74 no. 1:28, 1971. Poria Bpesadotae Bourd. & Galz., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 41:222, 1925. Comments: This species is listed by Covington (1980) based on a specimen placed in the Herbarium of Tulane University under #7853. Collected by Welden (1972) in Escagu. San Jose and determined by J.L. Lowe. A small sample is placed in the USJ under #21358. Also reported from Africa and Europe. 3. Coltricia perennis (L. : Fr.) Murr., Journal Mycol. 9:91, 1903. Polyporus perennis L. : Fr., Syst. Myc. 1:350, 1821. Distribution: NA; E3; As AS; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21493, 257I1X-80; I (4) 3,075 m. Reported also from New Zealand (Cunningham, 1965). Habitat: On the ground and in fireplaces, along clay banks, or in forest trails, very rarely on rotten wood. 4.* Coriolus pavonius (Hook. ) Murr., NAF 9:25, 1907. 2G. SPARS ieygnius (Hook. ) Fries, Epicr. Syst. Myc. p. 77, 1836-1838. Distribution: NA; CR. Comments: There is only one collection made by Welden (TU 7808). A duplicate is in the USJ under #21427. 5. Goriolus sector (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Pat., Tax. Hymen 94, 1900. sector Ehrenb. : Fr., Syst. Myc. 1:505, 1821. Distribution: NA; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21486, 25=VII-79; I (9) 1,615 m.3 USS 21451, 8-11-80; VI (1) 1,330 m.3 USJ 21449, 28-X-793 I (3) 2,021 m.3 USJ 21450, 13-III-81; III (5) 1,040 m.; J.L. Lowe 12934, 13342; I (2), I (10) respectively. 154 6.* Coriolus gobrius (B. & C.) Murr., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 3260, 1906. Polypo sobrius B. & C. , binn. Soc.’ Bot. course ode AVG Mee6G, Distribution: CB; CR. Comments: The type is from Cuba, Wright 107, and the only collection from Costa Rica is at the Missouri Bot. Gard. (Lowe, 1976). 7. Gyclomyces iodinus (Mont.) Pt., Tax. Hymen. 94, 1900. oly porus iodinus Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II, 16: 108, 1841. Distribution: NA; SA; CA; CB; CR. Costa Ricas USJ 21411, 28-X-79; I (3) 2,221 m.3 USJ 21412, 11-xI-79; IV (4) 1,804 m.3 USJ 21483, 8-VIII-80; VI (4) sea level; USJ 21414, 25- IX-80; I (4) 2,700 m.3 USJ 21413, 5-VII-81; VI (7) sea level; USJ 9831; 9830; 9829 (collected by J.L. Lowe, 1963). Reported also from Fiji (Cunningham, 1965). Comments: Our collections agree with Overholts' descriptions except that the sporophores are 0.8=4.0 cm x 0.6-6.0 cm, hyphae are 3 win diameter, and spores 2.0-4.0 x 1.0-2.0 A. 8.* Hexagonia nydnoides (Sw. : Fr.) Fidalgo, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17 Zz 335-108, 1968. iS QO hydnoides Swartz: Fries, Elench. Fung. I, p. LOZ, LO2Z0. Distribution: NA; SAs; CBs; CA; A; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21400, 20-VII-79; VI (2) 208 m.; USJ 21408, 11-X-79; VII (2) 86 m.3 USJ 21404, 11-X-793 VII (3) 144 m.; USJ 21402, 11-X-79; VII (2) 86 m.; USJ 21403, 11-xX-79; VII (4) 80 m.; USJ 21397, 12-X-79; VII (5) 150 m.; USJ 21396, 11~X-79; VI (2) 208 m.; USJ 21398, 14-XI-79; VII (6) 29 m.3; USJ 21395, 29-I1-80; VI (4) 26 m.3 USJ 21399, 1-I-80; VI (4) sea level; USJ 21487, 7-II-80; V (1) 20 m.3 USJ 21406, 7- III-80; Vv (4) 62 m.3 USJ 21488, 7-III-80; V (1) 3 m.3 USJ 21480, 4-I-80; VI (4) sea levels; USJ 21392, 4-III-80; III- (1) 428 m.; USI 21481, 4-III-80; III(1) 428 m.; USJ 21494, 8-III-80; VII (1) 200 m.3; USJ 21407, 10-IV-80; VI (5) 7 me; USJ 21482, 26~Ix-80; VI (6) 9 m.3 USJ 21393, 10-x-80; V (2) 3m.3; USJ 21394, 10-x-803; V (3) 32 m.3 USJ 21410, 13- III-81; III (5) 1,040 m.3; USJ 21409, 13-III-81; IV (2) 37 m.3; USJ 21466, 8-vV-81; III (2) 43 m.; TU 9068. 155 Comments: A very common and widely distributed species in the lowlands of Costa Rica, especially between 0-450 m. Habitat: On treated and untreated wood in several types of constructions (walls, fence posts, towers) in the coastal zones. The decay is a white rot. 9.* Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murr., Mycol. 12:11, 1920. Polyporus sulphureus Bull. : Fr., Syst. Myc. 1:357, 1821. Distribution: NA; CB; A; E; AS; CR. Costa Rica: JAS=-MNC ae (1)).1,385 m.3; USI 9848;'1 (2) 1,852 m.' (Lowe #12954) 3 U 19s Comments: Specimen 645 was found growing on a tree in an Open place. Sporophore forming imbricate clusters, orange above when fresh, changing to white when dry; fleshy, watery but firm, rigid when dry. Pores sulphur yellow changing to white when dry. Upper surface of pileus glabrous; context watery white when fresh, pure white when dry, 0.2=2 cm thick. Spores ovoid, hyaline, smooth-walled. It causes a red-brown heart rot of the carbonizing type. 10.* Microporellus holotephrus (Berk. & Curt.) Murr., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32, 1905. Polyporus hohotephrus Berk. & Curt., Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 102315, 2868. Distribution: SA; CB; CR. Costa Rica: The species is listed by Covington (1980) under TU 4779, the only record for Costa Rica. No duplicate is in USJ. iT HS Seb hr252, obovatus (Jungh.) Ryv., Norw. J. Bot. 19 bee $2325. 49726 s Berk. & Curt., Linn. Soc. Se Teun. a 1868; Polyporus Ravenalii Berk. & Curt., Grevillea 1:38, 1872. Distribution: NA; SA; CB; As; AS; CR. ies vinosus (Berk.) Murr., Bull. Torrey Bot. pee 3283 i, 1905. Polyporus vinosus Berk., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II, Sore 92195, 1852. Distribution: NA; SA; CAs; CB; A; AS; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21460, 7-XII-79; V (8) sea level; USJ 21497, 4-III-80; III (1) 428 m.;3 USJ 21332, 13-xXI-80; I (6) 840 m. Comments: It agrees with Overholts’ description except sporophores 1.0-2.5 x 1.5-5.5 cme, vinaceous brown. Context 1.0-1.5 mm. Pore surface smoky brown. Spores hyaline, allantoid, smooth-walled, 1.0-1.5 x 3.0-4.0 yp. Cystidia none. Context hyphae 4 p, thick-walled. Habitats: On dead wood. Ore S ed gilvus (Schw.) Pat., Essai Tax. Hymen. 94, 900. <2iioous gilyus (Schw.) Fries, Elench. Fung. p.104, 1828; Aabaloriius Sd Us (Schw.) Murr., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:418, 1904; Polyporus Aicnoides Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, vol. 13:204, 1 ‘ : Distributions NA; A; AS; CB; SA; E; CA; CGR. Costa Rica: USJ 21379, 8-II-80; VI (1) 1,330 m.; USJ 21390, 7-III~80; II (3) 1,441 m.s; USJ 21422, 30-VIII-793; II (4) 1,445 m3; USJ 21420, 20-X-79; I (5) 1,205 m.s USJ 21419, 11-x-79; VII (2) 86 m.; USJ 21469, 14-XI-79; VII (6) 29 m3 JCV 197-79, 13-XI-79; 1 (5) 1,205 m.; USJ 21418, 21-xI-79; I (6) 804 m.3 USJ 21476, 13-XI-80; I (6) 840 m.; USJ 21421, 2-VI-81; I (7) 904 mo; USJ 21415, 20-III~81; IV (2) 37 m. Comments: P. licnoides has been considered the tropical counterpart of P._ gilvus since it is softer, thinner and marked with many narrow zones, but now they are considered synonyms. The decay is a white rot with a tendency to assume a rusty yellow coloration or with rusty spots, particularly under the bark. Covington (1980) listed Polyporus gilvus Schw. var. (e) Bomm. & Rouss., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. de Bélgique 35:351, 1896. This is the only record for the species in Costa Rica. No duplicate is in USJ. 14.* Phylloporia frutica (Berk. & Curt.) Ryv., Norw. J. Bot. 19:235, 1972. a j (Berk. & Curt.) Murr., Torrey Bot. Club Bull. 31:601, 1904; Polyporus aou Berk. & Curt., Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:310, 1868. Distribution: NA; CB; AS; A; CR. Costa Rica: The only record for the country is that mentioned by Covington (1980). No duplicate is in USJ. 15.* Polyporus arcularius Batsch: Fr., Syst. Myc. 1:342, Pe2l. P Polyporus apeutariformis Murr., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:1904. Distribution: NA; CB; A; EB; AS; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21346, 13-XI-79; II (1) 646 m.3 USJ 21347, 24-xI-79; I (1) 2,048 m.; USJ 18279; 28-XII-79; II (2) 2,145 m.3 USJ 21344, 13-III-81; IV (3) 1,804 m. Comments: Sporophores distinctly stipitate; pileus 3-4 cm broad; Context yellowish. Stem central, 1-3 cm long. A collection is placed at TU under #9238. This fungus is not an important species among those that cause decay. / “57 Habitat: On twigs and buried wood. 16.* Polyporus euanshett Anse Berk. & Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bots T11,°0/113238,' 1639 Polyporus nephridius Berk., Hook. J. Bot. 8:195, 1856. Distribution: NA: SA; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21356, 7=-XII- 79s V (1) sea level; USJ 21355, 10-26-79; IV (1) 1,530 m3; USJ 21357, 10-1X-80; Trl Qa 2 (22) me Comments: It agrees with Overholts' description (1953), except the pileus that is up to 5.5 cm long and 3.5 cm broad, striate; spores 5.0 x 2.5m. It has not been reported as an important decay fungus. Habitat: On dead wood in wet and shady places. Reported also from Asia and Africa (Ryvarden & Johansen, 1980). 17. Polyporus brumalis Pers. : Fr., Syst. Myc. 1:348, 1821. Polyporus Polyporus (Retz.) Murr., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31, 1904; Boletus Polyporus Retz., Vet. Ac. Handl. 253, 17695 Polyporellus aout: Karst. Medd. Soc. Faun. et Fl. Fenn. 5:37, 1879; Polyporellus Polyporus Murr., J. Myc. 9:93, 1903. Distribution: NA; SA; Es; A; AS; CRe Costa Rica: USJ 21360, 8=-X-793 I (2) 1,852 m.3 JCV 203-79, 28-XII-79; II (2) 2,145 mn. Comments: The collections are first ones for Costa Rica and have been reported elsewhere (Carranza, 1982). It is commonly found together with P. arcularius to which it is similar, the differences being the smaller size of the pores and the darker color of the pileus. 18.* P geabolious Berk., Hook. J. Bot. Kew Misc. B:17h, 185 ; foiyporus yernicosus Berk., Hook. J. Bot. Kew Misc. 2175, 185 Distribution: NA; SA; CA; CR. Costa Rica: This species was collected by Rowlee (1924) under #566 in Cartago. A year later, Standley collected it in La Chonta, San Jose. Duplicates are placed in the Herbarium of the College of Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y. and in USJ under #21386. The authors have not found it as yet. 19.* P Bull. : Fr., Epicr. Syst. Myc., p. hhOy 1836-1836. Boletus elegans Bull., Herb. France, 1784; Boletus nummularius Bull., Herb. France, 1782. Distribution: NA; E; AS; CR. Costa Rica: TU 7548; USJ 21388; 9-XII-79; VII (1) 200 m. Reported also from Australasia, Samoa (Cunningham, 1965). 158 Comments: Specimen is sterile but otherwise typical. Habitats: On dead branches, not on stumps or logs. 20.* Polyporus gui 13:201, 1840. Polyporus Wrightii Murr., N. Amer. Flora 9:61, 1907. is Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot II, Distribution: SA; CB; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21470, 8-II- 80; VI (1) 1,330m. Comments: It is listed by Covington (1980) under TU 7239 and TU 516, collected in Turrialba, near Reventazon River at 525m. A duplicate is in USJ under #31391. 21L.* PoL 2 maculosus Murr., Torrey Bot. Club Bull. 31: a SOL Distributions CA; CR. Comments: Murrill in his article on North American Pony ecees (1904), reported this species. No duplicate is n USJ. 22.* Pol cE picipes Fries, Epicr. Syst. Mycol. p.440, 1836-1838. Distribution: NA; A; E; AS; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21501, 2-VII-80; I (1) 2,048 m.; C 33, 24—-VI-78; I (8) 500 m. (TU 9437). Reported also from Australia (Cunningham, 1965). Comments: There are decided differences in many respects between our collection and the one of TU 9437 (USJ 21428). Our identification was confirmed by J.L. Lowe and its description agrees with Overholts (1953). The main characteristics are: sporophore reddish brown, stipitate, pileus circular or subcircular, thin, infundibuliform, context pale brown in dry specimens. Pore surface tan grayish. TU 9437 specimen has sporophore light brown, substipitate, pileus subcircular and thicker than our specimens; no spores were found. 23. Polyporus subzonalis Cooke, Grevillea 19:44, 1890. Distribution: CR. Comments: There is only one record of this species of which a sample has been placed at SUNNY, College of Forestry Herbarium, collected by Standley and Weir in Limon, Costa Rica. 24.* Polypo Tricholoma Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II, 8: 365, 1837. Polyporus raphanipes Wakef., Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1914: 157, 1914. Distribution: NA; A; SA; CB; CA; CGR. Costa Rica: USJ 21381, 10-xXI-79; VII (2) 86 m.; USJ 21383, 10-XI-79; I (5) 150 m.3 USJ 21459, 10-XI-793 VII (3) 144 m.3; USJ 21380, 21-XI-793 I (6) 840 m.3 USJ 21462, 13-XI-80; I (6) 840 m3; USJ 21384, 14—-xI~79; VII (6) 29 me3 JCV 131-80, 7~III-80; V (1) sea level; USJ 21461, 3-IxX-803; III (4) 1,057 m.3 USJ 21463, 10-xX-80; V (7) sea level; TU 9073. Comments: A common species with distribution between O-1,100 m. It Agrees with Overholts' description, except the sporophore stipitate, yellowish white, flexible when fresh; pileus circular, umbilicate, 0.5-4.0 cm. Margin typically ciliate. Spores smooth, hyaline, 7 x 2 Mm. papacy On dead wood in shady wet places, especially in owlands. 25.* Polypo virga Berk. & Curt., Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. OE calginper ni pean ‘ | Distributions CB; A; CR. Comments: The only record known for Costa Rica is that mentioned by Murrill (1915). The same author indicates Hee collections were also made in Cuba. No duplicate is n USJ. 26.* SUSHCROLYS RSNgU) ness (L. : Fr.) Murr., Bull. Torrey Club 31:421, 190 ° Polyporus sanguineus L. : Fr., Syst. Myc. 1:371, 1821. Distribution: NA; SA; CB; A; AS; CA; CR. Costa Rica: USJd 21432, 25-VII-79; I (9) 1,615 m.3; USJ 21431, 10-XI-79; VII (3) 144 m.; USJ 21429, 10-XI-79; VII (2) 86 m.; USJ 21433, 10-XI-79; VII (4) 80 m.3 USJ 21430, 11-XI-79; I (12) 25 m.; USJ 21439, 9-II-80, VI (1) 1,330 m.3; JCV 31-80, 31-I-80; VI (3) 26 m.3 USJ 21471, 7=III-80; V (9) 15 m.3 USJ 21435, 7-III-80; V (4) 62 m.3 USJ 21472, 7-III-80; V (1) sea level; USJ 21442, 4-I-80, VI (4) sea level; USJ 21444, 4-III-80; III (3) 428 m.3 USI 21447, 26-IxX-80; VI (6) sea level; JCV 23-80, 4-III-80; VI (5) sea level; USJ 21473, 19-VII-80; VII (7) 564 m.3 USI 21440, 9-x-80; III (4) 1,057 m.; USJ 21441, 10-X-80; V (2) sea level; USJ 21446, 10=X=80; V (6) sea level; USJ 21437, 10-x-80; V (3) 30 m.3 USJ 21434, 13- III-81; III (5) 1,040 m.; USJ 21445, 7-III-80; V (5) 62 m3 USJ 21438, 4-IV-80; VI (5) 7 m3 JCV 36-80, 4-X-80; II (1) 646 m.3; TU 8191; R 5453 C 29. Comments: It is one of the most widely distributed species in the country, especially in the lowlands, although it ranges from sea level to 1,600 m. Old specimens fade from light orange to almost white. It invades almost any kind of wood in both exposed and shady places. 160 27.* Rigidoporus microporus (Sw. : Fr.) Overeem, Icon. Fung. Malayensum 5:1, 1924. Polypo microporus Swartz : Fries, Syst. Myc. ls Gi a Distribution: NA; SA; A; AS; CB; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21423, 25-VI-793 VI (2) 208 m.3 USJ 21278, 30-VIII-79; II (5) 1,050 m.3 USJ 21258 Eo Nise 79; II (4) 1,445 m.3 JCV 30-79, 30-VIII-79; II (4)°1,445 m.3 USS 21280, 7-1X-79; II (1) 646 m.3 USI 21474, 5-II-80; VI (7) sea level; USJ 21499, 5-X-80; II (1) 646 et USJ 21424, 7-III-80; V (9) 15 m3; USJ 21468, epee ante \ (EVi20 Da USJ 21477, 7-III-80; V (4) 62 m.3 USJ 21465, 7-III-80; V (5) 62 m.3 USJ 21475, 7=-III-80; V (1) 3 me; USd 21425, 4-TII-80; III (1) 428 m.; USJ 21426, 12=VII-80; VII (7) 534 m.3 USJ 21476, 8-VIII=-80; VI (4) sea level; USJ 21279, 20-IxX-80; VII (5) 150 m.;3 USJ 21206, 26-IxX-80; I (13) 25 m.3 TU 9036. Comments: A tropical species very common in our country. Our collections show a bright orange color on the pore surface when fresh, fading on drying. The sporophores become hard and rigid on drying. Habitat: Mainly found on shady places, invading different kinds of wood. 28.* Tram versicolor (Fr.) Pildt., Atl. Champ. Eur. ae 1, 1939. Polyporus versicolor L.: Fr., Syst. Myc. 1:368, 1821. Distribution: NA; SA; CB; As AS; E3; CR. Costa Ricas USJ 21122, 26-X-79; IV (1) 1,530 me; USJ 21456, 11-xI-79; IV (4) 1,804 m.3 USJ 21121, 18-xI-79; I (3) 2,020 m.;3 USJ 21115, 24=xI-79; I (1) 2,048 m.;3 JCV sells 28-XII-79; LL (2) 2,045 me 5 USS 21123) O-EveOlsil (5), bees anae USJ 21119, 18-XI-793; I (3) 2,221 m. Comments: Covington (1980) listed the species. It is also deposited at TU under 7813. It agrees with Overholts' description except the pileus 1-9 x 1-7 cm, always zonate with darker zones than those specimens used for comparison from U.S.A. Some specimens appear to be substipitate. This species is recognized as one of the most important delignifying fungi of the sap and heartwood of dead and living trees. Habitat: On logs and fence posts. 29.* Trichaptum biformis (Fr. in Kl.) Ryv., Norw. J. Bot. 19:237, 1972. Trichaptum pargamenum (Fr.) G.H. Cunn., New Zeal. OY eae Scient. I. R. Bull. 164, 1965; aplingeys begenenus Fries, Epicr. Syst. Myc. 480, 1836-1838; Cordotus ‘Pargamenus (Fr.) Pat., Essai Tax. Hymeh. 9 9003 Polyporus elongatus Berk., Hook. London Jour. Bot. 1:149, B42, 16] Distribution: NA; A; AS; E; CB; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21484, 6-VI-80; I (3) 2,021 m.; USJ 9827 (Lowe #13416). Also reported from Australasia, Oceania and South America. Comments: There are three additional collections of this species; one made by Rowlee #566, collected in 1924 in Cartago at Volcan Irazu as Coriolus prolificans (Fries) Murr.; and the other collections were made by Standley in 1925, near Santa Maria de Dota, San Jose, both as Polyporus elongatus Berk. Duplicates of both collections are in the Herbarium of College of Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y. and in USJ under #21389. It is one of the commonest species in North America, but not in the tropics. The pileus in old specimens may become covered with green algae. There is a strong tendency of the pores to become irpiciform, showing also a slight violet tint. The wood decay is a white rot. 30. Trichaptum byssogenus (Jungh.) Ryv., Norw. J. Bot. 19: 237, 1972. Polypo b fe) Jungh., Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Th, 133 ; Trametes versatilis Berk., Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 1:150, 1842; Polyporus versatilis (Berk.) Rom. Svenska Vet. Akad. Bihang till Handl. 26, Afd. III, no. 16:35, 1901. Distribution: NA; CA; A; AS; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21452, 7-XII-79; V (8) sea level; USJ 21453, 10-XI-79; VII (2) 86 me; USJ 21492, 4-I-80; VI (4) sea level; USJ 21491, 19- IX-80; VII (7) 564 m.3; USJ 21498, 26-I1xX-80; I (13) 25 m.; USJ 21454, 10-xX-80; V (7) sea level; USJ 21455, 8-V-81; III- (2) 1,025 m.3; USJ 21464, 20-I1X-80; VII (5) 150 m.; JCV 31- 81, 5-1X-81; VI (2) 208 m. Comments: A very common species on the wet warm lowlands of the country. Sporophores effused~reflexed. Pileus mostly semicircular, confluent laterally, 1-5 x 1-5 om, zonate. The pileus in old specimens often covered with green algae. Habitat: On exposed logs in open places and on bridge wood; it was also found on burned wood. Apparently causes a white rot. 31. Trichaptum perrottetii (Lev.) Ryv., Norw. J. Bot. 19: 229-239, 1972. Trametes perrottetii Lev., 1844; Polyporus trichomallu Berk. & Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, I11:235, 1549; Trichaptum trichomallum (Berk. & Mont.) Murr., Bull. Torrey Club 31:608, 1904; Funalia trichomalla Pat., Tax. Hymén. 95, 1900. Distribution: NA; SA; CB; A; CAs; CR. Costa Rica: USJ 21495, 7-IX-79; II (1) 646 m. 162 a. Comments: Sporophores decurrent, sessile, flexible when fresh, less so on drying, pileus mostly semicircular, effused-reflexed. The hairy portion that spreads out from the pileus is rug like. Pore surface violaceous brown when fresh. Spores hyaline, smooth-walled, oblong- ellipsoid, 3 x 5M™. Cystidia abundant, incrusted. Habitat: On living tree on forest. 32 ao myces cerifluus (Berk. & Curt.) Murr., N. Amer. : ° gee 1907. Polyporus cerifluus Berk. & Curt., Grevillea 1:50, Tee; ol peo inorae revolutus Bres., Ann. Mycol. 18335, 920. Distribution: NA; E; A; CRe Costa Rica: USJ 9841, 9843, 9844, 21385; I (2) 1 852 me; USJ 9842; IV (3) 1,804 m. Collected by J.L. Lowe, 1963. Comments: This species is described by J.L. Lowe (1975) and L. Ryvarden and Johansen (1980). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Dr. J. L. Lowe, SUNNY, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y.3; Dr. Re L. Gilbertson, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, and Dr. L. Ryvarden, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, for the revision of the manuscript and their valuable suggestions. Fig. 1. Different locations where specimens were collected. REFERENCES Ainsworth, G.C. et al. 1973. The Fungi, an Advanced Treatise. Volume IV B. A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidiomycetes and Lower Fungi. Pp. 504. Carranza, J. 1982. Polypores New to Costa Rica. Mycotaxon Covington, D.J. 1980. Fungi Costaricensis. A checklist of reported species. Thesis. Tulane University. Pp. 129. Cunningham, G.H. 1965. Polyporaceae of New Zealand. New : Zeal. Dpt. Scient. Ind. Res. Bull. 164. Pp. 304, Guzman, G. y X. Madrigal. 1967. Notas sobre algunos hon- gos superiores de Escarcega, Campeche (Mexico). F; Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 28:23-38. Guzman, G 1971. Especies de Macromicetos citados de Mexico II: Fistulinaceae, Meruliaceae y Polyporaceae. Bol. Soc. Mex. Mic. 5257-77. - 1972. Macromicetos Mexicanos en el Herbario The National Fungus Collections de EUA. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 32:31-55. - 1973. Hongos Mexicanos (Macromicetos) en los Herbarios del extranjero II. Especies del Herbario de Farlow de la Universidad de Harvard, USA. Bol. Soc. Mex. Mic. 7:121-127. - 1975. Hongos Mexicanos (Macromicetos) en los Herbarios del extranjero III. Bol. Soc. Mex. Mic. 9:85-102. - 1977. Algunos macromicetos argentinos y discu- siones sobre su distribucion en Mexico. Bol. Soc. Hjortstam, K. et al. 1981. Notes on the Aphyllophorales of Spain II. Nova Hedwigia 34:525-538. and L. Ryvarden. 1982. Aphyllophorales from Northern Thailand. Nord. J. Bot. 2:273-281. Johansen, I. and L. Ryvarden. 1977. Wood-inhabiting fungi {Aphyllophorales, Homobasidiomycetes) in two Norwegian forest reserves. Meddel Inst. Skogforsk. 33(11):453-478. Lowe, J.L. 1957. Polyporaceae of North America. Genus Fomes. SUNY. College of Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y. Techn. Pub. 80. Pp. 97-6 - 1963. <A synopsis of Poria and similar fungi from the tropical regions of the world. Mycologia 55(4) 453-486. - 1966. Polyporaceae of North America. The Genus Poria. SUNY. College of Forestry, Syracuse, NiYsou techn. rub. 90. Po.83, . - 41975. Polyporaceae of North America. The @ Tyrom » Mycotaxon 2(1):1-82. . 1976. On Polyporus sobrius. Kew Bulletin 31 (3):753-754. Murrill, W.A. 1904a. The Polyporaceae of North America. VI. The Genus Polyporus. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 165 - 1904b. The Polyporaceae of North America. VII. The Genera Hexagona, Grifola, Romellia, Coltricia and Coltriciella. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:325-348. - 1904c. The Polyporaceae of North America. VIII. Hapalopilus, Pycnoporus and new monotypic genera. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:415-428. - 1904d. The Polyporaceae of North America. IX. Inonotus, Sesia, and monotypic genera. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:593-610. - 1905a. The Polyporaceae of North America. XI. A synopsis of the brown pileate species. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:353-371. - 1905bd. The Polyporaceae of North America. XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored ponanee species. Torrey Bot. Club Bull. 32:469- 93-6 - 1906. The Polyporaceae of North America. XIII. The described species of Bijerkandera, drapetes: and Coriolus. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 323633-656. - 1908. Additional Phillippine Polyporaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35:391-416. - 1912. The Polyporaceae of Mexico. Bull. New York Bot. Garden 8(28):137-153. - 1914. Northern Polypores. New York. Pp. 64 e « 1915. Tropical Polypores. New York. Pp. - 1918. Murrill's and Saccardo's names of Polypores compared. New York. Pp. 31. - 1951. Species of Florida Basidiomycetes. Techn. Bull. 478. Agr. Exp. Sta. Gainesville, Fla. Pp. 36. Overholts, L.0. 1953. The Polyporaceae of the United States, Alaska and Canada. Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Press. Pp. 466. Rowlee, S. 1924. A collection of Costa Rican fungi. Mycologia 16:115-121. Ryvarden, L. 1969. The Genus Polyporus s.str. in Norway NYTT Mag. Bot. 16(2):151-157. - 1971. Studies in the Aphyllophorales of Finnmark, Northern Norway. Rep. Kevo Subartic Res. Stat. 8:148-154. - 1972a. Studies on the Aphyllophorales of the Canary Islands with a note on the Genus Perenniporia Murr. Norw. J. Bot. 19(2):139-144. - 1972b. A critical check list of the Polyporaceae in ey East Africa. Norw. J. Bot. 19(3-4): 229-238. - 1973. New Genera in the Polyporaceae. Norw. J. Bot. 20(1):1=5. - 1974. Studies in the Aphyllophorales of the Canary Islands. 2. Some species new to the islands. Cuad. Bot. Canar. 20:3-8. Stevens, Sydow, H. - 1976a. Type studies in the Polyporaceae. 7. Species described by J.M. Berkeley from 1836 to 1843. Kew Bull. 31(1):81-103. - 1976b. The Polyporaceae of North Europe Vol. I. Albatrellus- (e) - Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway. Pp. 214. » 1977a- Some wood inhabiting Aphyllophora- Seo fungi from Nepal. Khumbu Himal. 6/3:379- 386. » 1977b. Type studies in the Polyporaceae. 10. Species described by J. M. Berkeley, either alone or with other authors, from 1844 to 1855. Norw.e J. Bote 24:213=-230. - 1978a. Studies in the Aphyllophorales of Africa 6. Some species from Eastern Central Africa. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 48:79=-117. « 1978b. The Polyporaceae of North Europe. Vol. II. Jnonotus-Tyromyces. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway. Pp.507. and I. Johansen. 1980. A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway. Pp. 636. - 1982. Type studies in the Polyporaceae. ll. Species described by J.F.C. Montagne, either Soene or with other authors. Nord. J. Bot. 2: 75-84. F.L. 1927. Fungi from Costa Rica and Panama. Illinois Biological Monographs. Vol. XI, No. 2. University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. Pp. 255. 1925. Fungi in itinere costaricensi collecti. Pars prima. Ann. Mycologici 23:308-429. 1926. Fungi in itinere costaricensi collecti. Pars secunda. Ann. Mycologici 24(5-6):283-294. MYCOTAXON Vol, XIX, pp: 167-212 January-March 1984 KOORCHALOMA , KOORCHALOMELLA, AND KANANASCUS GEN. NOV. T.R.NAG RAJ Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3Gl. The anamorph-genera Koorchaloma and Koorchalomelila are revised. Five anamorph- species are disposed in Koorchaloma and one in Koorchalomella. Teleomorphs reported for two species of Koorchaloma are disposed in Kananascus gen. nov. (Sphaeriales). Subramanian (1953) proposed the anamorph-~genus Koorchaloma Subram., type sp.: K. madreeya Subram., to accommodate a fungus collected on dead culms of Oryza sativa near Poonamallee, Tamil Nadu, India. The generic description stressed the following features: "superficial, bright~-~coloured, setose sporodochia; simple, brown, septate setae; hyaline conidiophores forming a hymenial layer; and one-~celled, acrogenous, non-catenate, hyaline conidia bearing a brush-like apical appendage". The genus was augmented with K. okamurae Hino & Katumoto (Hino 1962) and K. okamurae var. assamica Agnih. (Agnihothrudu 1963). Chona et al. (1958) adopted a somewhat 168 similar generic description for their new genus, Koorchalomella, (type Spier Rs oryzae) for a fungus which was also collected on Oryza sativa. However, the COnLd1 ator wks TOryzaec. were Tepomee Grae possess membranous appendages at each end and the absence of dark setae from the sporodochium was considered diagnostic for the genus. They treated Koorchalomella_ as distinct from Koorchaloma and Lomachashaka Subram., by the absence of dark conidiomatal setae or hyaline hairs, and from Starkeyomyces Agnih. (now considered a synonym of Myrothecium Tode ex Fr.) by the presence of membranous appendages at both ends of the conidia. Kendrick & Carmichael (1973) considered Koorchalomella, Lomachashaka and Starkeyomyces as putative synonyms of Koorchaloma. Carmichael et al. (1980) considered Koorchalomella as well as Amphitiarospora Agnih. as putative synonyms of Koorchaloma, but regarded Lomachashaka and Starkeyomyces as putative synonyms of Myrothecium. According to Sutton (1977), however, Amphitiarospora is a synonym of Dinemasporium Lev. A study of several collections assignable to Koorchaloma, Koorchalomella, and Lomachashaka has now made it possible to elucidate the status of these anamorph-genera. This paper is, however, limited to an account of the members of Koorchaloma and Koorchalomella; Lomachashaka will be discussed in another paper dealing with the taxonomy of Myrothecium and allied genera. One of my collections gathered in Bangalore, India in 1970 comprised decaying culms of Oryza sativa from damp ground and bore a Ko o.r Chia oma 5Sipe. oe Koorchalomella sp., and an ascomycete. The 169 conidiomata of the Koorchaloma sp. in this collection appear sporodochial in general appearance, but are actually shallow cupulate in sectional view, exhibiting marked marginal, excipular development composed of 'textura intricata', the elements of which are fused below but free above (Figs. 16, 17, 22a). The conidiomatal setae have a_ terminal cell that is apically bulbous, thin-walled, subhyaline to hyaline, 8-14 X 8-9.5 pm. Though Subramanian (1953) described the setae as narrowing toward the blunt tip, a few remaining setae on the poorly preserved type specimen of K. madreeya exhibited the same morphology as those seen in my collection. I have no hesitation in disposing my collection as K. madreeya. Presence of Similar setae on _ the perithecia of the ascomycete (Fig. 61c) occurring with K. madreeya suggested a genetic connection between the two. The viable condition of the collection gave an opportunity to verify the hypothesis. The material was incubated in a moist chamber overnight and agar cultures’ were initiated with single ascospores and single conidia. Monoconidial and monoascosporic isolates grew well on PDA and yielded sporulating cultures of K. madreeya identical with the form seen in nature. Prolonged incubation failed to produce perithecia. The type specimen of kK. okamurae and collections of three other’. species of Koorchaloma from Jamaica show discoid to Shallow cupulate conidiomata with varying degrees of marginal development (Figs. 1, 8, Aol, cio eee Le 4CO nid ira OL WOey joka Ut ace occasionally bear mucoid appendages at both ends (Figs. 31, 32, 36d), while the conidia in the three Jamaican collections 170 invariably bear mucoid appendages at both ends) (Figs \'4-6), (7d, 12-4, “'5d,°526,°27, 28e)% One of the Jamaican collections carried a pyrenomycete (Figs. 62-68) that agrees in major morphological features with the teleomorph of of’ Ks madreeya "but. is distinct tron train a few details. Again, monoascosporic agar cultures of this fungus yielded only the Koorchaloma anamorph. Failure of the monoascosporic isolates of these two distinct species to produce perithecia in cultures indicates that’ the pyrenomycete-anamorph complex is possibly heterothallic. In contrast to the Koorchaloma spp. mentioned above, my collection of Koorchalomella has superficial, pulvinate, sporodochial conidiomata (Fig. 43) with a flesh-~coloured centre and a characteristic white fringe of septate, hyaline, sterile hyphae with somewhat spathulate apices (Figs. 44, 48b), loosely aggregated conidiophores (Fig. 48a), phialides with distinct periclinal thickenings in the collarette zones (Figs. 45, 48c) and hyaline ameroconidia with mucoid appendages at) beth” ends:-(Figs. 46.477 48d). The sporodochia are 200-700 ~m_ long, 100- 420 vam wide and 130-320 um deep; the sterile hyphae are up to 200 pm long and extend well above the conidial hymeniun; conidiophores up to 60 mm long; phialides are 14<=22 C225 )oX 12.5-°3-5 (- 4)" om “and conidae LO 9) Gan 8) ke 354 5 ali ewe tae conidium length/width ratio OL) SS Be appendages are funnel-shaped, and 3-7 pm long and 2-3 jm wide. In BPI there is a specimen labelled Pestalozziella ? carnea E. & E., on decaying culms of wild rice (Zizania sp.), Louisiana, II1.1887, Langlois. Apparently the binomial P. carnea was never published by Eva Ellis & Everhart. The packet contains’ two pieces of dried culms on “Ay monocot bearing scattered, superficial, waxy, flesh-~coloured sporodochia each with a thin white fringe (Fig. 49), and 300-1100 zm diam Daye elo Ue) 4°20 %,1m), i edie ep. The flexuous, septate, hyaline, smooth-walled sterile hyphae are 90-120 vam long, 2-3 am wide at the base and 3.5-5 am wide at the slightly spathulate apices (Figs. 52, 56b) and extend Sa beh til ya biove thete ond 1'om a. )iPne conidiophores arise in a compact palisade (Figs. 50, 56a), and are branched, septate, hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, with each branch terminating in a phialide. Phialides are clavate to subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth~walled, and 15-25 (-31) X 2.5-3.5 a~m. Ame r-o:c.0 Nis. iva, OOF ale so 1 5d., 85-6°e isa re fusiform-elliptie to naviculate, hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, L372 1X) 13-4 yam; bearing funnel-shaped, mucoid appendages at both ends, and have a mean conidium length/width ratio of 4.6:1. earl rey Rewari) (CO Gel) Vays ol atdtce.d ki oryzae. from soil jin’ Lucknow, India and reported conidial dimensions of 9.6-17.6 X 3-2-4 am. A poorly preserved dried agar culture (IMI 82629), has been examined. The sporodochial conidiomata bear septate, simple, hyaline, sterile hyphae with spathulate apices (Fig. 955)-and conidia /typical ‘ofa species of Koorchalomella. The foregoing specimens have been compared with the type specimen of Koorehaliome lla toryzae. im HCLO; CR igs. 37-42). The latter is in a very bad state of preservation, but a few intact sporodochia were available for study. The sporodochia conform to the above descriptions except that the characteristic sterile hyphae could not be Liz observed, despite efforts to separate the cohesive elements constituting the sporodochium. Sporodochia are 600-1100 zm diam and 250-450 ~m deep; conidiophores are up to 30 ~a~m long; phialides are 9-22 X 2.5-3.5 fm; conidia are (12-) 15-20 XK 3.5-4 um; mean conidium length/width ratio = 4.7:1. It is clear from the above descriptions that there is considerable overlap in the quantitative features of those collections of Koorchalomella studied. The only distinct variation appears to be related to the sterile hyphae: these are indistinct or absent in the type specimen of K. oryzae, prominent in my collection, and . less distinct in the Langlois collection in BPI. Rather than eonsider my collection; distinct iromik. oryzae, I prefer to group all three collections under a single species and treat Ke yorny Zac) aS) 4van), emtreme Ive via Tt agen Species with the sterile hyphae in the sporodochia exhibiting varying degrees of development or none. When grown on agar mie yi ay noMy yn) COV ie et sO ms i OD tise Al Onan exhibited the same morphological features as those encountered on the natural substrate. distinct anamorphs. The distinguishing features of the two are presented in Table 1. The teleomorphs of Koorchaloma cannot bes assigned) to any known genus of Sphaeriales. I propose, therefore, KANANASCUS gen. nove to accommodate them, the name being derived in part from Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada, the venue of conferences devoted to the synthesis and advancement of our kmyo.w lve d.gse)) of) cco ni dial af on eae aid anamorph-teleomorph connections. r7/3 Table 1. Distinctive morphological features of species of Koorchaloma and Koorchalomella oryzae. B@GCGEGCEEeGEéEGEECEEELEELEEGEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEELEEEEEEEEEEELE Morphological Koorchaloma spp. Koorchalomella features. oryzae. S@eeeceeeeeseeeeeceeeeeceeeeecee CeéeeeceeeceeaeeeeeeceteeeeeeeeeceteeeeseCcCéeeéeete Conidiomata. Acervuloid to shallow Sporodochial with cupulate, excipulate, or without sterile setose. hyphae. @eeeeeeéeCeeeeGCeeeéeeeceeCeseeeebeebee eee eeCeeteteteteé_et Excipulum. Marginal, with varying Absent. degrees of development. ¢eeeeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeebeéeeeeseeeeeece cece ee beet e Setae. Dark «coloured and Absent. thick+«walled below, progressively lighter and thinswalled toward apices. @逢eeeeeeteeeeceeGeteeeeeceeceeeCeéeeeeceecee eeeéetebeéete Sterile hyphae. Absent. Hyaline, septate, with spathulate apices. €G¢@éeeeceee te CeEeeeeeeeeeeGCeeCeCeeeeGCeeéeéeeeeeéebéeetbtee Conidiophores. Mostly reduced 107. bax or closely conidiogenous cells. packed. €CGEEECELELEELE EEE EEEEE EEE EEE EEE E EEE EKEEEEEEEEKE Conidium Phialidic. Phialidic. ontogeny. CGEGEEEEEBEEEGEEEE EEE EEEE EEE EE GEL ELELEEEEELEEEE Conidia. Amero*, naviculate Amero‘, naviculate _to fusiform. to fusiform. €CCeCCEEECEL EEL EK EE EELEEEL EE EEE EEK EEE EEEEEELEEEEE Conidium Mucoid, only at the Mucoid, at both appendages. apex or at both ends. ends. CECECKEECECEELE KEELE EKLE EE EEK EEE EEE EGE EEE EEG E LEE EEBEEEEEECEELEKEEKLEELEEL Taxonomic part KOORCHALOMA Subramanian Jen UTIs DOT. eOGs no 22) 124) 319535 Caulicolous to foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, sporodochioid to acervular with varying degrees of excipular development, superficial, scattered to gregarious and often confluent, gelatinous OT not a Drs t coloured, setose; basal stroma of ‘'textura angularis', cells thick-walled and brown to subhyaline or hyaline; excipulum of 'textura 174 intricata':-only™ or ‘of '‘textura oblita' “an the outer layers merging with an inner 'textura intricata'; setae interspersed throughout the conidioma, simple, erect or variously bent, cylindrical to terete or subulate, multiseptate, dark brown to black in the basal part, lighter above, apical cell often inflated and showing percurrent growth. Conidiophores branched and septate or often reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth-walled, invested in mucws. Conidiogenous cells phialides with variable degrees of periclinal thickening of the collarette zone, ampulliform to lageniform or clavate, hyaline, smooth~walled, without pereurrent proliferations. Conidia blastic-phialidic, fusiform to naviculate, unicellular, hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, bearing a mucoid, funnel-~shaped appendage at the apex alone or at each end; appendage formed by splitting of the conidium sheath or by the eversion of a partial conidium sheath on the developing conidium. Type anamorph-species: Koorchaloma madreeya Subramanian. Teleomorph: Kananascus Nag Raj. KEY TO SPECIES OF KOORCHALOMA A. Conidioma not gelatinous; periclinal thickening of the collarettes prominent; conidia bearing mucoid appendage usually at the apex ONLY. oo 010s cbc 0 ce ce cies 6 esics «ses A. Conidioma gelatinous; periclinal thickening of the collarettes less’ marked; conidia bearing mucoid appendages at both ends.....C B. Mean conidium - length/width’~ ratio = 2.8 cS] ccc ccec creer eecccrcccccccccceeKe OKaMraAe B. Mean conidium length/width' ratio = 3.7 Slew cc ccc ccc r ere ccccccccccccceeKe madreeya C. Conidia fusiform; mean conidium length/width 175 ratio = 2.7:lecerecececcceeceees Kebambusae C. Conidia naviculate; length/width ratio > Lietinclinstaieteetsie's | sie (sini sibleieiele arse aia eee siete s elelelerere el) D. Marginal excipulum conspicuous; conidium length/width ratio= 5.3:1....K. jamaicense D. Marginal excipulum less marked; conidium length/width ratio= 3.9:1..K. occidentalis 1. Koorchaloma bambusae anam.e-Sp. nov. Figs. 1-7 Caulicola et foliicola. Conidiomata stromatica, cupulata, vadosa, ubi_ foliicola amphigena, dissita vel gregaria et plerumque confluentia, superficialia, velut ‘pulvinatas, gelatinosas, ubi aridas' luteolas ad fulvas, ubi udas albidas crustas perceptibilia, ambitu orbiculari et ovali, subinde lineari, 120-250 jam long., usque ad 100 ~m lat., et 30-35 zm alt. (sine massa conidiorum), setosa; cum tenui, basali textura angulari ex cellularum atro-brunneis, crassitunicatibus; excipulo redacto; externe textura oblita interne in textura intricata commiscentibus. Setae conidiomati penitus interspersae, rectae vel varie curvae, simplices, cylindraceae vel teretes, basibus et apicibus parum sufflatis, o-~8-septatae, in pars superiora septiis tenuibus et indistinctis, in pars’ inferiora atrobrunneis, cum tunica ecrasso et laevi, sursum progressive pallescenti et tenuiascenti, 80-160 (x= 125) ~m long., basim 7-9 mm lat., apicem 3-5.5 (x= 4) ~m lat.; cellula terminalis pallide brunnea vel subhyalina, cum tunica tenui interdum percurrenter crescens. Conidiophora cellulis conidiogenae redacta. Cellulae conidiogenae phialides, ampulliformes vel lageniformes, hyalinae, laeviae, 6-11 X 2.5-3.5 (-4) (x= 8 X 3) mm, cum collulis apicalibus minutis vel indistinetis. Conidia blastico-~phialidica, amerosporacea, fusiformia, apice apiculato et base anguste_ truncato, hyalina, laevia, guttulata, 9-13 X 3.5-5 (x= 176 Figures 1-6. Koorchaloma bambusae ex type in DAOM 187208. Fig. 1. Vertical section of a conidioma. X 352. Fig. 2. Elements of marginal excipulum. xX 2000. Fi gis fs tous Phialides (periclinal thickenings are indicated by arrows). X 2000. Figs. 4 & 5. Mature conidia from aqueous mount. X 2000. Fig. 6. Mature conidia from lactic acid mount. X 2000. (All phase contrast). Ie7.7- 20 um Figure 7. Koorchaloma bambusae ex type in DAOM 187208. & b. Parts of sectional view of conidioma to show the thin basal stroma, marginal excipulum, and a seta. ec. Phialides. d. Mature conidia. a 178 11.4 X 4.2) jm, utrinque appendices mucosas ferentia. Caulicolous and foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, shallow cupulate, amphigenous when foliicolous, scattered to gregarious and often confluent, superficial, appearing as pulvinate, gelatinous, flat crusts, off-white when moist, dirty yellow to brownish yellow when dry, orbicular, to oval in outline, occasionally linear, 120-250 am long, up to 100 ~m wide and 30-35 am high (without the conidial mass), setose; W1lith> arsth in, “Dia siale ee x mire angularis’ of dark brown, thick-walled cells and a reduced excipulum of ‘'textura oblita' in the outer layers merging into a 'textura intricata' in the inner layers. Setae interspersed throughout the conidiomata, simple, erect or variously bent, cylindrical or terete with slightly inflated base and apex, 5-8-septate, septa thin and indistinct in the upper part, dark brown, thick- and smooth-walled in the lower part, becoming progressively lighter coloured, thin- and smooth-walled above, with the terminal cell thin-walled, pale brown to subhyaline, 80-160 (x=125) ~m long, 7-9 am wide at the base, 3-5.5, €x=4) wm: wide at the ‘apex, witn occasional percurrent growth. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells phialides, ampulliform to lageniform, hyaline, smooth-walled, 6-11 X 2.5-3.5 (-4) (x= 8 X 3) AM, With ominute, indistinct apical thickenings. Conidia blastiesphialidie, fusiform with an apiculate apex and a narrow truncate base, unicellular, hyaline, smooth-walled, guttulate, 9-130 X J.070 Cxe 11.4. X 4.2) *. gam.) bearings apreas and basal mucoid appendages, mean conidium length/width ratio = 2.7:1. ge) Habitat: On dead leaves and culms of Bambusa sp. Specimens examined: 1. DAOM 187208 (HOLOTYPE), Maggotty, Jamaica, W.I1., 30.V.1978, T.R. Nag Raj; 2. DAOM 187209, Martha Brae River Bank, Jamaica, W.I., 31.V.1978, T.R. Nag Raj. Known distribution: West Indies. Teleomorph: Unknown. 2. Koorchaloma jamaicense anam.~-Sp. nov. BISS . Osho". Foliicola. Conidiomata stromatica, cupulata, non profunda, amphigena, dissita vel gregaria et aliquando confluentia, superficialia, velut pulvinatas, gelatinosas, salmoneas vel carneas crustas perceptibilia, ambitu orbiculari vel irregulari, 120-320 ~am diam, 30-50 ~m alt. (sine massa conidiorum), setosa; stroma basale tenue ex textura angulari basi e cellulis atrobrunneis vel brunneis, crassitunicatibus, insuper cellulis hyalinis commiscentibus; excipulo redacto, externe textura oblita interne in textura intricata commiscentibus; setae conidiomati marginales et irregulatim interspersae, simplices, rectae vel varie curvae, subulatae ad subcylindraceae, pluriseptatae, septiis persaepe indistinctae, in pars inferiora atrobrunneae ad nigrae, sursum pallescentes, SOLVAY 1Ong.s {basi my i311 5 sum) hati e t admodum infra cellulam terminalem 3-7 ~m lat.; cellula terminalis leniter bulbosa, subhyalina, cum tunica tenui, interdum percurrenter crescens. Conidiophora cellulis conidiogena redacta, in muco involuta. Cellulae conidiogenae phialides, ampulliformes vel lageniformes, hyalinae, laeviae, 6-11 Gal2zoX72.5-3 Am, ‘cum collnulis apicalis minutis praeditae. Conidia blastico-phialidica, amerosporacea, naviculata, interdum fusiformia, apice obtuso et base anguste truncato, saepe 180 181 Figures 8-14. Koorchaloma jamaicense ex type in DAOM 187210. Fig.8. Vertical section of a conidioma. X 260. Fig. 9. Partial, enlarged view of a vertical section of a conidioma showing basal stroma, part of a seta and excipular elements. X 1200. Figs. 10 & 11. Phialides (periclinal thickenings marked by arrow). X 2000. Figs. 12 & 13. Mature conidia from aqueous mounts. X 2000. Fig. 14. Mature conidium from lactic acid mount. X 2000. (All phase contrast). utringque apiculato, hyalina, laevia, guttulata, PRON 265-350 UCK= 16 X23) peam,: Ubringue appendices mucosas ferentia; appendicibus primo infundibuliformibus, deinde in pluribus radiantibus filiis findentibus. Foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, Shallow cupulate, amphigenous, scattered to gregarious and occasionally confluent, superficial appearing as pulvinate, gelatinous, salmon to flesh coloured crusts, orbicular to irregular in outline, 120-320 zm diam, 30-50 ~m deep (excluding the conidial mass), setose; basal stroma thin, of 'textura angularis', with dark brown to brown, thick-walled cells in the basal layers, merging with hyaline cells above; excipulum reduced, of 'textura oblita' in the outer layers merging into a 'textura intricata' in the inner layers; setae marginal and irregularly interspersed, simple, erect or variously bent, subulate to subcylindrical, many-~ septate, often with obscure septa, dark brown to black and thick-walled in the basal part, lighter and with thinner walls above, 80-170 ~m long, 13-15 ~m wide at the base and 3-7 ~m wide below the terminal cell; terminal cell somewhat bulbous, subhyaline, thin-walled, with occasional percurrent growth. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells arising from the upper layer of cells of the basal stroma, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells phialides, ampulliform to lageniform, hyaline, smooth-walled, 6-11 (-12) X 2.5-3 ~m, 182 Figure 15. Koorchaloma jamaicense ex type in DAOM 187210. a. Sectional view of a conidioma. b. Setae. c. Phialides. d. Mature conidia. 183 with minute, apical collarettes. Conidia blastie~phialidic, naviculate, occasionally fusiform with an obtuse apex and a narrow truncate base, often apiculate at both ends, unicellular, hyaline, smooth-walled, guttulate, P29 OX = 360 (x= 16 X 3) wn, bearing apical and basal mucoid appendages; appendages initially funnel-shaped, then splitting into several radiating strands of mucoid material; mean conidium length/width ratio= 5.3:l. Habitat: On grass blades. Specimen examined: 1. DAOM 187210 (Type), Seawind Beach Resort area, Montego Bay, Jamaica, W.1.,27.V.1978, T.R.Nag Raj; 2. IMI 76445, Hope, Jamaica, XI.1924, C.G.Hansford (494), in association with a Myrothecium like anamorph. Known distribution: Jamaica (West Indies). Teleomorph: Kananascus verrucisporus Nag Raj. 3- Koorchaloma madreeya Subramanian die MUNG «BOs {OOGC 6) 2s L2G Oar. Figs. 16-22. Caulicolous and foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, appearing sporodochioid and pulvinate but shallow cupulate in sectional view, amphigenous, scattered to gregarious and occasionally confluent, superficial, salmon to orange-~coloured, orbicular to irregular in outline, 200-600 zm diam, 60-200 ~m deep, up to 1200 ~m diam when confluent, setose; basal stroma thin, of '‘'textura angularis', cells thick-walled, hyaline; excipulum moderately developed, of 'textura intricata', elements hyphoid, intertwined, septate, branched, hyaline, thin-~ and smooth-walled in the inner layers but somewhat thick-walled in the outer layers; setae interspersed throughout the conidioma, simple, erect or variously bent, cylindrical to subeylindrical, multiseptate, 185 Figures 16-21. Koorchaloma madreeya ex DAOM 187211. Fig. 16. Vertical section of a conidioma. ca X 192. Fig. 17. Excipular elements and setae. X 2000. Figs. 18 & 19. Phialides. X 2000. Fig. 20. Mature conidia from aqueous mount. X 2000. Fig. 21. Mature conidia from lactic acid mounts. X 2000. (All phase contrast). dark brown, thick-~ and smooth-walled below, becoming progressively lighter and thin-walled toward the apex, 100-350 ~im long, 8-12 ~m wide at the base, 4-6 j~m wide below the apical eell; apical cell bulbous, thin-walled, subhyaline tow hyaline, (8-14 x% 89.5) jim, with occasional percurrent growth. Conidiophores arising from the basal stroma, branched, septate, hyaline, smooth-walled, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells phialides, subcylindrical to obclavate with distinct flaring collarettes, hyaline, smooth-walled, “11-20; X 3-4 (x=. 15.8 X 3.5) jum. Conidia blastic~phialidic, fusiform With an acute, occasionally apiculate, apex and a narrow truncate base, unicellular, hyaline, smooth-walled, Di See ae OXS 14 X 3.8) ~m, bearing a funnel-shaped, mucoid, apical appendage; mean conidium length/ width ratio= 3.7:1. Habitat: On dead, rotting culms of Oryza sativa. Specimens examined: 1. MUBL 853 (Type), Poonamallee High Road, Chingleput Dist., Tamilnadu, India, 24.11.1953, C.V.Subramanian; 2- DAOM 187211, on decaying straw of O. sativa, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India, 23.VIII.1970, T.R. Nag Raj. Known distribution: India. Teleomorph: Kananascus koorchalomagnatus Nag Raj. The fungus can be easily grown on synthetic agar media-e- On potato-dextrose agar plate cultures’ incubated at room temperature, 186 0] ers Ee pws 1e. io. RES \ Figure 22. Koorchaloma madreeya ex DAOM 187211. Basal stroma, excipular elements and setae. Conidiophores and phialides. c. Mature conidia. growth is apparent in white, cottony to which is somewhat two days as a dense wooly aerial mycelium, adpressed to the medium and 187 has uneven margins. Reverse is white to creamy yellow. In about 6 days, colonies are effuse, densely cottony, tending to be _ funiculose; growth is pale pink in the centre; margins are flat and fimbriate and reverse yellowish brown. Initials of conidioma develop as_ white condensed mycelium in about’ 8 days and become mature in about 12 days. Monoascosporic cultures from the pyrenomycete present in the Bangalore collection yielded an anamorph which resembled that seen in nature, but failed to produce perithecia. An account of this teleomorph appears elsewhere in this paper. 4. Koorchaloma occidentalis anam.-sp. nov. Pigs. (23-28. Foliicola. Conidiomata stromatica, cupulata, vadosa, dissita, interdum gregaria et conf luentia, superficialia, velut pulvinatas, gelatinosas, flavidas ad glandaceas crustas perceptibilia, ambitu orbiculari vel ovali, 80-180 ym diam, 40-70 ~m alt. (sine massa conidiorum), setosa; stroma basale moderate evoluto, ex textura angularis e cellulis hyalinis composita; excipulo bono modo evoluto, strato externe e textura oblita, in strato interne e textura intricata commiscentibus; setae penitus conidiomatis interspersae, simplices, rectae vel varie curvae, subulatae, basibus leniter sufflatis, apicibus acutis, 2-7-septatae, in pars Superiora septiis indistinctis, in pars inferiora brunneis, cum tunica crasso et laevi, sursum progressive luteolis, cum tunica tenui et asperati, 35-130 um long., basim 7-11 Am lat., apicem 2.5-3.5 (-4) ~m lat., interdum percurrenter crescentes. Conidiophora curta (30-35 ~m long.), ramosa, septata, hyalina, in muco involuta. Cellulae conidiogenae phialides, ampulliformes, lageniformes vel 188 189 Figures 23-27. Koorchaloma occidentalis ex type in DAOM 187212. Fig. 23. Vertical section of a conidioma. X 64. Fig. 24. Excipular elements. X 2000. Fig. 25. Phialides. X 2000. Fig. 26. A mature conidium from lactic acid mount. X 2000. Fig. 27. A mature conidium from aqueous mount. X 2000. (All phase contrast). ~ em ow a om am a em aw a ew em om a om ee ae am ow om ee ow ee a em ow ow ow om am aw am mr sur am em ae omy a em cay a a om ay aly om clavatae, hyalinae, laeviae, 7-15 X 2-3 ,~m, cum collarulis apicalibus minutis et indistinctis. Conidia blastico-~phialidica, amerosporacea, fusiformia vel elliptico-~fusiformia, apice acuto, base anguste trunecato, saepe apiculato, hyalina, laevia, Ga ome 20-035 CXS 12% 13) am,) utringue appendices mucosas ferentia. Foliicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, Shallow cupulate, scattered, occasionally gregarious and confluent, superficial, appearing as pulvinate, gelatinous, yellow to brownish yellow crusts, orbicular to oval in outline, 80-180 ~m diam, 40-70 ~m deep (excluding the conidial mass), setose; basal stroma moderately developed, of 'textura angularis' of hyaline cells; excipulum moderately developed, of 'textura oblita' in the outer layers merging with ‘'textura mMmonveatat: in: the inner lTIayers; setae interspersed throughout the conidioma, simple, erect or variously bent, subulate with Slightly bulbous base and an acute apex, 2-7-septate with the septa indistinct in the upper part, brown, thick and smooth-walled in the lower part, becoming pale yellow to subhyaline, thin-walled and asperate at the apex, 35-130 zm long, 7-11 am wide at the base, 2.5-3.5 (-4) ~m wide at the apex, often Showing percurrent growth. Conidiophores branched, septate, hyaline, 30-35 ~m long, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells phialides, ampulliform to lageniform or clavate, hyaline, smooth-walled, 7-15 X 2-3 Am, with minute indistinct collarettes. 190 Figure 28. Koorchaloma occidentalis ex type in DAOM 187212. a. Basal stroma and excipular elements. b. Excipular elements and a developing seta. c. Seta. d. Excipular elements and phialides. e. Mature conidia. = om ome om om om om eh om om o> Conidia me am am om oar am ome om a mm omy my a am a em om a om a om am om am am om am am om ow ew ew ew oe blastie-phialidic, fusiform to elliptie-fusiform with an acute apex and a narrow, truncate and often apiculate base, Pst unicellular, hyaline, smooth-walled, 9-15 X Dion ow oe CXS) 25k 13) Alb, bearing mucoid appendages at both ends; mean conidium length/ width ratio= 4:1. Habitat: On grass blades. Specimen examined: DAOM 187212 (Type), Seawind Beach Resort area, Montego Bay, Jamaica, W.I., 27.V.1978, T.R.Nag Kaj (N.Jam. 4). Known distribution: Jamaica (West Indies). Teleomorph: Unknown. 5- Koorchaloma oKamurae Hino & Katumoto in Hino, Icones Fungorum Bambusicolorum Japonicorum: 264, 1961. Pigs. 29-36. Caulicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, shallow cupulate, scattered to gregarious’ and rarely confluent, superficial, appearing as pulvinate, salmon or flesh coloured crusts, orbicular to oval in outiine, 140-320 j~m diam, up to 900 ~m diam. when confluent, 35-45 zm deep (excluding the conidial mass), setose; basal stroma well developed, of 'textura angularis', cells hyaline; excipulum well developed, of ‘textura intricata' with septate, branched, hyaline, hyphoid elements; setae marginal, simple, cylindrical to subcylindrical, erect or slightly curved, septate, thick-walled, brown to dark brown DeWwoOWw. becoming lich ter ands lightly attenuated toward the apex, smooth-walled, up to 200 mm long, 9-10 ~m wide at the base, 5-7 Aum wide above. Conidiophores arising from the upper layer of cells of the basal stroma, branched, septate, hyaline, smooth-walled, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells phialides, subcylindrical to obclavate with distinct flaring collarettes, hyaline, Ssmootn-walled, 11-19" (725) 4.0 2.0m3.5 Cx="9 15.5 X 3) zm. Conidia blastic-phialidic, fusiform with an acute apex and a narrow truncate base, 2 Le Figures 29-35. Koorchaloma okamurae ex isotype in DAOM 187213. Fig. 29. Vertical. section of a conidioma. X 205. Fig. 30. Excipular elements, conidiogenous cells and conidia. X 1200. Figs. 31 & 32. Mature conidia from aqueous mounts. X 2000. Fig. 33. Phialides. X 2000. Figs. 34 & 35. Mature conidia from lactic acid mounts. X 2000. (All phase contrast). ee em ee em ae a em em om ee eet ae ee om em me me om om a em am aay em ee om ay em oe ee ew ee ee ow ee ay oe aw oy ew ow a ar ow «ar unicellular, hyaline, smooth-walled, 10-14 X Sao hl 2k 4 DOOM bear ine) a funnel-shaped, mucoid, 2.5-3 mm long appendage at the apex and on a few conidia at the base as well; mean conidium length/width ratio= 220 ss Habitat: On dead culms of Sinobambusa tootsik. | Specimen examined: Herb. Fac. Agr. Univ. Yamaguti (Type), Arasiyama, Ky6dtd6-si, Kyoto Pref., Japan, 27.VII1I.1960, H. Okamura & H. Muroi. (Isotype in DAOM 187213). Known distribution: Japan. Teleomorph: Unknown. Unexamined taxon. Agnihothrudu (1963) described Koorchaloma okamurae Hino & Katumoto var. assamica Agnih. from dead leaf sheaths of bamboo growing in the Tocklai campus in Assam, India. The variety assamica was believed to differ rote savariety /okamurae in ats «larger conidiomata, smaller sterile setae distributed throughout the conidioma and the presence of brush-like mucoid appendages. The type specimen is not accessible for study. KOORCHALOMELLA Chona, Munjal & Kapoor Indian Phytopath. 11: 130,1958 (1959). Foliicolous. Conidiomata sporodochial, scattered to gregarious, superficial, pulvinate, with or without a white fringe of sterile hyphae enveloping a flesh coloured center; sterile hyphae absent or variable in 194 i Wn Oa | N \ \\ N } ANS rt oe Figure 36. Koorchaloma okamurae ex isotype in DAOM 187213. a. Basal stroma, excipular elements and conidiogenous cells. b. Seta c. Phialides. d. Mature conidia. Figures 37-42. Koorchalomella oryzae ex type in HCIO 25558. Fig. 37. Vertical section of a conidioma. X 480. Figs. 38-40. Phialides. X 2000. Figs. 41 & 42. Mature conidia. X 2000. (All phase contrast). is 196 L977 Figures 43-47. Koorchalomella oryzae ex DAOM 187214. Fig. 43. Vertical section of a conidioma. X 260. Fig. 44. Sterile hyphae. X 2000. Fig. 45. Conidiophores and phialides. X 2000. Figs. 46 & 47. Mature conidia from aqueous mount. X 2000. (Figs. 43-45 Phase contrast; Figs. 46 & 47 bright field). <2 ee ee ee ow ee ee ome ee om om a ome 6 em om om am om oer em D> oO am 6m om om 6 Ow er a om? a oe ae em me me em Py om om om ar ee development, short and intermingled with context of the sporodochium or long and extending well above the conidioma, simple, erect or bent or flexuous, septate, hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, with spathulate tips. Conidiophores arising from a_ thin basal stroma, branched, septate, hyaline, smooth-walled, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells phialides, arranged ina dense palisade, more or less obclavate to subcylindrical, hyaline, with distinct flaring collarettes and periclinal thickenings. Conidia blastic-phialidic, fusiform to ellipsoid, unicellular, hyaline, smooth-walled, bearing a funnel-~shaped mucoid appendage at each end. Type anamorph-species: Koorchalomella oryzae Chona, Munjal & Kapoor. Teleomorph: Unknown. Koorchalomella oryzae Chona, Munjal & Kapoor. Indian Phytopath. 11: 130, 1958. Figs.37-56. Foliicolous. Conidiomata sporodochia, scattered to gregarious, superficial, pulvinate, circular’ to oval in outline, 200- 1100 ~m diam, 110-420 ~z~m deep, waxy in appearance when dry, salmon or flesh coloured when fresh, gelatinous, most often with a thin or well developed white fringe of sterile hyphae; sterile hyphae, when present, variable in size from short and often indistinct from other elements of the sporodochium to well-developed, simple, erect, bent or Figure 48. Koorchalomella oryzae ex DAOM 187214. Be Tissue details of a conidioma. b. Sterile hyphae. ec. Conidiophores and phialides. d. Mature conidia. —_ <-> om er em em em ew om om om om om am am am am ow a em om em om 6 am a 6 6m a ow om om om am am om am a om a om ow an am om ae aw flexuous, septate, hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, up to 200 ~m long, 2-3 ~am wide at the base and up to 5am wide at the spathulate apex. Conidiophores arising from a thin, hyaline, basal stroma of '‘'textura angularis', branched, septate, hyaline, with smooth walls, terminating in one to three, conidiogenous cells, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells phialides, obclavate to subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, IE aoe ss tld aac al ip DU, Gea APA ae Seats ed Clot 09 eu (Bail 48 Wi. Se) OG VL Conidia blastic-~phialidic, fusiform to elliptic, occasionally naviculate, straight or slightly curved, unicellular, hyaline, smooth-walled, guttulate, 10-23 X 3-4.5 (x= 17 X 3.7) am, bearing a mucoid appendage at each end (often at the apex only); appendage funnel-shaped, 3-7 zm long, 2-3 ~m wide; mean conidium length/width ratio= 4.6:1. Habitat: On dead culms and leaves of Oryza sativa. Specimens examined: 1. HCIO 25558 (Type), Mycological area, Indian Agricultural Research Inst., New Delhi, Ovals Lelio O:. Re.L.-Munjal & J~N.-Kapoor; 2. DAOM 187214, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India, 236 Vi tT IST Le (hee Natew vitae Goin: association /wrth Koorchaloma madreeya and its teleomorph) ; 38), 1MI ($2629: isolated. “from sor), \University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India (no other data); AS DP Ics on decaying culms of JZizania Sp., Louisiana, Fd OR A ESSiee, Langlois (sub Pestalozziella carnea E. & Eee Known distribution: India, U.S.A. Teleomorph: Unknown. The fungus grows well on synthetic agar culture media. In Petri dish cultures on potato 200 201 Figures 49-55. Koorchalomella oryzae ex BPI and MIMI. 82629. Fig. 49. Vertical section of a conidioma. X 250. Fig. 50. Conidiophores and phialides. X 2000. Fig. S1. Mature conidium. X 2000. Fig. 52. Spathulate tips of short, sterile hyphae. X 2000. BEOE SUS Se Ne uy Oa Stages in the eversion of conidium appendages. X 2000. Fig. 55. Sterile hypha from a culture (ex IMI 82629). X 800. (All phase contrast). dextrose agar at room temperatures, growth is apparent in three days as a white cottony aerial mycelium with cream coloured reverse. In about nine days colonies change to buff brown or gray brown, with cottony patches in the center and flat spreading margins. In reverse, colonies are cream coloured with irregular brown patches. Sporulation occurs in 5-6 days. According to Rai & Tewari (1961), colonies of their isolate of the fungus on oat meal agar (age and cultural conditions not specified) were circular and zonate without any aerial mycelium and with an orange coloured reverse. On Czapek dox agar containing 0.5% yeast, the colonies were light cream coloured, a velvety turf with scattered sporodochia, the turf consisting of some beaded hyphae. KANANASCUS gen. nov. Ascomycetes; Unitunicatae; Sphaeriales; Sphaeriaceae pertinens. Podi1eol a. Peri thecia discreta, superficialia, globosa, subglobosa vel By o PN a) Wb le lair acd al c.o;1 ab enit:1.a., unilocularia, setosa, atrobrunnea, praeter area circa collum et ostiolum pallidior; collum papillatum; ostiolum paene circulare vel ovale; canalis apicalis periphysatis; paries externe e textura angulari, interne e textura prismatica compositus; setae perithecii circa parietem ad partem medianam enpscentes, ‘simplices... .cy Lindraceaec, 202 Tissue details Ge Conidiophores, phialides and sterile Koorchalomella oryzae ex BPI. ce Mature conidia. a s (e} om CES, CO ort ww (e) vo fea Bee om A & 0 PD TE A ET LT ET CT A ET AT OT AD TT A AD OT ET EY EY LY OY EY OY OY A CY ED OEY OGY OP OW OY CY CM OGD OY CY RW OMY OS hyphae. et ~ ® 9) o Ov ee) o-< Soo 0) > Ho Q °F fay) ee oe fay 4 Be a oF ay > MN S om ced) fa) aes oO wo (ay) pat ae hme aay =) ores. ow Q er om 1 f4 2 Fae a fy orm) 203 tenuiascentes, cellula terminalis plerumque dilatata. Asci clavati, octospori, hyalini, fabrica apicalis non-~amyloidea. Paraphyses nullae. Ascosporae fusiformes vel leniter Sigmoideae, interdum lunatae, I1-septatae, hyalinae, laeviae vel verruculosae, guttulatae. Typus generis: Kananascus verrucisporus Nag Raj. Foliicolous. Perithecia discrete, superficial, globose, subglobose or pyriform, collapsing when dry, unilocular, setose, dark brown but becoming much lighter in the area surrounding the papillate neck and ostiole; ostiole circular oriioval;) apical canal periphysate; wall of an outer 'textura angularis' with thick-walled, brown to dark brown Celis: and? anv inner, “lvohter or subhyaline to hyaline 'textura prismatica'; perithecial setae arising all around the perithecial wall in the median part, simple, cylindrical, many septate, dark brown and thick-walled in the lower part becoming lighter and thin-walled above, terminal cell swollen and often bulbous. Asci clavate, octosporous, hyaline, apical apparatus non~amyloid. Paraphyses none. AScospores fusiform or slightly sigmoid, occasionally hing t cyl cep tates inva line.) Smooun: Or verruculose, guttulate. 1. Kananascus koorchalomagnatus'- sp. nov. Figs. 5.7761. Foliicola. Perithecia discreta, superficialia, globosa, subg lobosa vel pyriformia, 160-300 ~m diam, 180-300 zm alt., ubi arida collabentia, unilocularia, setosa, atrobrunnea, praeter area circa collum et ostiolum pallidior; collum papillatum; ostiolum paene circulare vel ovale; canalis apicalis periphysatis; paries 20-25 jm cr., externe 204 205 Figures 57-60. Kananascus koorchalomagnatus ex type in DAOM 187215. Fig. 57. Setose perithecium. ca X 192. Fig. 58. Asci. ca X 800. Fig. 59. Ascus apex. ca X 1280. Fig. 60. Mature ascospore. X 2000. (Fig. 57 bright field; rest phase contrast). textura angulari in aliquot’ stratos e cellulis brunneis, crassitunicatis, et interne textura prismatica e cellulis pallescentes et tenuitunicatis compositus; setae perithecii circa parietem ad partem medianam enascentia, divergentes vel incurvae, Simplices, cylindraceae, pluriseptatae, pro parte maxima atrobrunneae, laeviae cum tunica crasso, 90- 350 zim long., 9-12 ~m lat. ad basim, admodum infra cellula terminalem 7-8 gam lat.; cellula terminalis dilatata, globosa vel subglobosa, tunica tenui, subhyalina vel hyalina, ut videtur mucosa, 11715 X 10-13 ~m, interdum percurrenter crescens. Asci clavati, apice obtusi vel truncati, hyalini, cum tunica tenui et laevi, octospori, (40-) 52-71 X 97-10 (x= 61.5 X 8.8) zm; fabrica apicalis non-amyloidea. Paraphyses nullae. Ascosporae fusiformes vel beniter Sigmoideae, utrinque obtusae, l-septatae, hyalinae, laeviae, paries ad septum leniter constrictum, guttulatae, 18-25 X 3.5- Veo eGx = 21 x /4) am. Foliicolous. Perithecia discrete, superficial, globose, subglobose or pytirorm, 160-300) zm. diam, ..180-300: jim deep, collapsing when dry, uniloecular, setose, brownish. black ‘except. forthe lighter neck and ostiolar region; neck papillate; ostiole almost circular or oval; apical canal periphysate; wall 20-25 ,~am thick, composed externally of a few layers of tex tura’ “angu liar’ d's") with brown, thick-walled cells and internally of 'textura prismatica' with lighter coloured, thin-walled cells; perithecial setae arising all around the perithecial wall in the median part, 206 AS io N Figure 61. Kananascus koorchalomagnatus ex type in DAOM 187215. a. Habit sketch showing proximal association of anamorph and teleomorph. b. Details of vegetative hyphae. c. Surface view of perithecial wall. qd. Apical cells of setae (one with a mere blunt apex). e. Asci. f. Ascospores. ~ 207 simple, cylindrical, divergent or incurved over the ostiole, pluriseptate, dark brown, smooth- and thick-walled for most of the length, 90-350 ~am long, 9-12 Am wide at the base, 7-8 ~m wide below the terminal cell; terminal cell enlarged, globose to subglobose, thin-walled, subhyaline to hyaline, appearing mucoid, 11-18 X 10-13 ~m, occasionally with percurrent growth. Asci clavate with a blunt or truncaite apex, hyaline, thin-. and smooth-walled, octosporous, (40-) 52-71 X 7-10 (x=G1.5 X 8.8) wm; apical apparatus non-~amyloid. Paraphyses absent. Ascospores fusiform to slightly sigmoid with blunt ends, l-septate, hyaline, smooth-walled, wall Slightly constricted at the septum, guttulate. F8=-20. X13 44.0 (xe, 2 bon 4% am, mean ascospore length/ width ratio= 5.2:1. Habitat: On decaying leaves of Oryza Specimen examined: DAOM 187215 (Type), Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 23.VII1.1970, T.R. Nag Raj (in association with Koorchaloma madreeya and Koorchalomella oryzae). Known distribution: India. Anamorph: Koorchaloma madreeya. 2. Kananascus verrucisporus Spe nove Figs. 62-68. Foliicola. Perithecia discreta, superficialia, globosa, subg 1lobosa vel pyriformia, 250-300 ~am diam, 290-320 am alt., ubi arida collabentia, unilocularia, setosa, pallide brunnea ad atrobrunnea, praeter area circa collum et ostiolum pallidior; collum papillatum; ostiolum circulare vel ovale; canalis apicalis periphysatis; paries 20-30 Am cr., externe textura angulari in aliquot stratis e ecellulis brunneis et crassitunicatibus, interne textura prismatica e cellulis hyalinis et tenuitunicatibus compositus; stipite basali breve, ex textura 208 : \ : / | 1) fly OO - Oe v Hy) l; : 209 Figures 62-67. Kananascus verrucisporus ex type in DAOM 187216. Fig. 62. Ruptured, setose perithecia. X 150. Fig. 63. Wall details and periphyses of a perithecium. X 640. Fig. 64. Asci. X'1450. Fig. 65. Apical cell of a perithecial seta. X 2000. Fig. 66 Ascus apex. X 2000. Fig. 67. A mature, verruculose ascospore. X 2000. (All phase contrast). ~~ om am ew ew am am ew a oe em ee a aw a a ew ee oe @@ a a ee a om ee ew om ee oe ew er ee oe om a ae a ee ee ee ee oe om oe Similari compositus; setae perithecii circa parietem ad partem medianum et interdum stipite basali enascentia, Simplices, cylindraceae, divergentes vel incurvae, pluriseptatae, atrobrunneae, laeviae, tunica crasso, prope) cellulas subterminales et terminales pallescentes et tenuliascentes, 100-300 ~m long., ad basi leniter sufflatae et 10-17 ~m lat., admodum infra cellulam terminalem 6-7 yam tlat.; cellula terminalis subcylindracea, globosa vel subglobosa, tunica tenui, subhyalina vel hyalina, ut videtur mucosa, 8-19 X 9-12 ~am, interdum percurrenter erescens. Asci clavati, apicem obtusum vel truncatum, hyalini, tunica tenui et laevi, octosponi, 40-65 X 5-10 (x= 52 X 8.8) ~m; fabrica apicalis non-~amyloidea. Paraphyses nullae. Ascosporae fusiformes ad leniter Sigmoideae, interdum lunatae, utrinque obtusae, l-septatae, hyalinae, primum laeves autem postremo verruculosae, guttulatae, 16-27 X 3-4 (-5) (X= 21 X 3.5) zm. Foliicolous. Perithecia discrete, superficial, globose to subgloboSse or pyriform, collapsing when dry, 250-300 zm diam, 290-320 am deep, unilocular, setose, pale brown to brownish black except for the lighter neck and ostiolar region; neck papillate; ostiole circular or oval; apical canal periphysate;. wall 20-30 jm thick, composed of an external 'textura angularis' with brown, thick-walled cells and an internal 'textura prismatica' with light coloured to 210 \\ \\ ASS A\\ \\ \\ ANY WW NY i Ni NS mean Figure. 68. Kananascus verrucisporus ex type in DAOM L8i216e8 a. Voectional . view of (part. of agar seroce perithecium. b. Part of a seta. e.: Asci. d.- Mature ascospores. ow om ae ew em ee em ew oe am oe eo ee am ow om ot om om 6 om o@ am om om am ear em a em oD om am om om aw a ow em am om ow ow ewe ow om hyaline, thin-walled cells; basal stipe short, composed of similar tissue; perithecial setae arising all around the wall in the median part of the perithecium and occasionally from the basal stipe, simple, cylindrical, divergent or Zp incurved, many~septate, dark brown, smooth- and thick-walled, becoming lighter and thin-walled near the subterminal and terminal cells, 100-300 ~m long, 10-17 ~m wide at the slightly inflated base, 6-7 jm wide below the terminal cell; terminal cell subcylindrical, globose or subglobose, thin-walled, subhyaline orsnyvaline, 8-19 4° $-12 am, with ‘occasional percurrent growth. Asci clavate with a blunt or truncate apex, hyaline, thin-walled, octosporous, 40-65 X 5-10 (x= 52 X 8.8) mm; apical apparatus non-amyloid. Paraphyses absent. Ascospores fusiform to slightly Sigmoid, occasionally lunate, with blunt ends, l-septate, hyaline, smooth-walled at first but ultimately verruculose, guttulate, BOeedtneN 3 4 yeCao) CX = 2b XO 3 6) ams) mean ascospore length/width ratio= 6:1. Habitat: On grass blades. Specimen examined: DAOM 187216 (Type), Seawind Beach Resort area, Montego Bay, Jamaica, W.I., 27.V.1978, T.R.Nag Raj. Known distribution: Jamaica (West Indies). Anamorph: Koorchaloma jamaicense. Acknowledgments I thank the curators of BPI, HCIO, IMI and MUBL for lending the specimens in their keeping for my study. I am indebted to Drs. Bryce Kendrick, University of Waterloo, Amy Rossman, Mycology Lab, Beltsville, Md., U.S.A., and. Geils ) Barron, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada for their objective review and criticisms of the manuscript. An operating grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to Dr. _ Bryce Kendrick financed this research. Literature cited Agnihothrudu, V. 1963. Notes on fungi from North-east India. XXIII. Koorchaloma Okamura ci ilimo et. Katumo ce var. assamica vare nov. Sydowia 17: 168-170. Carmichael, J.W., W.B. Kendrick, I[.L. Conners & Le. Sigler. 1980. Genera of Hyphomycetes. The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, Alta., Canada. 386 pp. Chona, B.L., R.L. Munjal, & J.N. Kapoor. 1958. Koorchalomella, anew genus’ of. the tuberculariaceae. vind.» (Phytopath. aii. 1307132 Hino, 1.1961. Icones fungorum bambusicolorum Japonicorum. The Fuji Bamboo Garden, 335 pp. Kendrick, W.B. and JW. Carmichael. 1973. Hyphomycetes. pp. 323-509, in The Fungi, VOLCIV A, Eds.:: Ainsworth, ,G.C..e) bn Sparrow, & A.S. Sussman, Academic Press, New York. Rin pc Ne Ves ee Res LeWarin LL Oods Additions to our knowledge of Indian soil fungi. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 54: 209-217. Subramanian, C.V. 1953. A new genus of the tuberculariaceae. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 32 C3) 23-126. Sutton, B.C. 1977. Coelomycetes VI. Nomenclature of generic names proposed for coelomycetes. CMI Mycol. Pap. 141: 1-253. MYCOTAXON Vol. XIX, pp.,.213-217 January-March 1984 FLORA NEOTROPICA I. SOME LIGNICOLOUS POLYPORES FROM VENEZUELA EDSON C. SETLIFF Forintek Canada Corp., Western Laboratory, 6620 N.W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1x2 This paper reports on the identity and location of lignicolous polypores collected in Venezuela by Dr. Kent Dumont and colleagues in 1972 and 1974. Historical accounts and reports of Venezuelan polypores have been given previously (Overholts, 1934; Dennis, 1970; Fidalgo and Fidalgo, 1968; and Holmquist, 1972). A recent paper listed polypores from Colombia (Setliff and Ryvarden, 1983). The species listed herein are mostly members of the Polyporaceae, but there are examples of the Corticiaceae, Tremellaceae and Cyphellaceae. Generally the collections are fertile and in excellent condition. Poria lacteimicans Murre and Poria umbrinescens Murr. were previously known only from the type locality. Collectors were C. Blanco, Re. Cain, K. Dumont, J. Farfan, F. Malave, B. Manara, Ge Morillo, and G. Samuels. The following fungi are grouped in alphabetical order according to the specific epithet. alabamae (Berk. & Cke.) Ryve, Pachykytospora, VE-4913, on unidentified decayed log, trail between Manacal and Los Pocitos, NW of Irapa, Edo. Sucre, 13 July 1972. albocincta (Mass. & Cke.) Lowe, Porogramme, VE-6790, on unidentified log, cae 7 km. S of Chichiriviche, on road between El Portachuelo and Chichiriviche, Dto. Fed. 214 albostygia (Berke & Curt.) Lloyd, Poria, VE-6621, unidentified rotten log, vicinity of El Portachuelo, NE of Colonia Tovar, Dto. Fed., 29 July 1972. Caperata (Berke) Murr., Coriolopsis, VE-6617, vicinity of El Portuchuelo, NE of Colonia Tovar, Dto. Fed.; VE-6667, Cae 6 km. NE of El Portuchuelo, on road between same and Chichiriviche, NE of Colonia; VE-6785, 7 km. S of Chichirivide; VE-6815, along Rio Aporgao, 142-143 km. S of El Dorado; VE-7091, 116-117 km. S of El Dorado, on road between El Dorado and Santa Elena de Vairén, Edo. Bolivar; VE-7199, km. 105-106 S of El Dorado, on road between El Dorado and Santa Elena de Vairén, Edo. Bolivar. carneola Bres., Poria, VE-4963, on unidentified wood, trail from Los Pocitos through La Roma to town of Rio Grande Arriba, Edo. Sucre, 13 July 1972. Ccaryae (Schw.) Teix. & Rogers, Aporpium, VE-7229 and VE-7230, on unidentified wood, along Rio Sacaica, vicinity of San Rafael, km. 177-178, S of El Dorado, on road between El Dorado and Santa Elena de Vairén, Edo. Bolivar, 7 August 1972. Drummondii Klotzsch, Coriolus, VE-3734, between refugio "No Te Apures" and Quebrada Los Palos Grandes, south facing slope of La Silla, Parq. Nac. El Avila, Edo. Mirande; VE-5228, La Carmelita, Hacienda Las Acacias, SE of Caripe, Edo. Monagas, 17 July 1972; VE-5290, vicinity of "Y Cueva del Guacharo" Caripe, Edo. Monagas, 18 July 1972; VE-5873, above Los Venadas, El Avila, Parq. Nac. El Avila, Dto. Fed., 24 July 1972; VE-6776, 7 km. S of Chichiriviche, on road between El Porachuelo and Chichiriviche, Dto. Fed., 30 July 1972. epimiltina (Berk. & Br.) Ryv.e, Tinctoporellus, VE-4418, on decorticated unidentified wood, cae 1/2 hr. walk along trail N of Manacal, NW of Irapa, Edo. Sucre, 9 July 1972. ferreus (Fr.) Bourd. & Gale, Phellinus, VE-7229, on unidentified wood, along Rio Sacaeca, vicinity of San Rafael, km. 177-178 S of El Dorado on road between El Dorado and Santa Elena de Vairén, Edo. Bolivar, 7 August 1972. lacteimicans Murr., Poria, VE-7217, on unidentified wood, kme 97-98 S of El Dorado, on road between El Dorado and ZS Santa Elena de Vairén, Edo. Bolivar, 6 August 1972. minimus (Cke. & Phil.) Kuntze, Henningsomyces, VE-7323, on unidentified twig, trail between Manacal and Los Pocitos, NW of Irapa, Edo. Sucre, 13 July 1972. mollusca (Pers.: Fr.) (Cke., Poria, VE-4932, ‘on unidentified wood, trail between Manacal and Los Pocitos, NW of Irapa, Edo. Sucre, 13 July 1972. pinsitus (Fr.) Pate, Coriolus, VE-4124, along road between Mundo Nuevo and Manacal, ca. 6-10 km. N of Rte. 9, NW of Irapa, 7 July 1972; VE-4677, trail from Los Pocitos, 1-1/2 hre walking toward Santa Isabel, NW Irapa, Edo. Sucre, ll July 1972; VE-4874, trail from Los Pocitas through La Roma to town of Rio Grande Arriba, 13 July 1972; VE-4989, trail from Los Pocitas through La Roma to town of Rio Grande Arriba, 13 July 1972; VE-5220, La Carmelita, Hacienda Las Acacias, SE of Caripe, Edo. Monagas, 17 July 1972; VE-6789, Cae 7 km. S of Chichiriviche, on road between El Portachuelo and Chichiriviche, 30 July 1972. poriaeforme (Perse: Fre) W.eB. Cooke, Porotheleum, VE-6332, on unidentified wood, vicinity of El Arado, ca. 12 km. SW of Macarao, Edo. Miranda, 28 July 1972. punctatus (Fr.) Pilat., Phellinus, VE-5683, on unidentified wood along Rio Los Caracas, S of Los Caracas, Dto. Fede, 22 July 1972. Sagraeanus (Mont.) Murr., Fomes, VE-6039 and 6046, trail between Manacal and Los Pocitos, NW of Irapa, Edo. Sucre. scabrosa (Perse) Cunn., Trametes, VE-4026, ca. 9 km. N of El Rincon on Carupano-El Pilar Rd., Edo. Sucre, 6 July 1972; VE-4954, trail from Los Pocitos through La Roma to town of Rio Grande Arriba, Edo. Sucre, 13 July 1972; VE-5055, trail from El Rincon, E along Rio Media to peak of Palo de Agua, Edo. Sucre; VE-5102, VE-5162, ca. 6 km. E of La Toscana, Edo. Monagas, 16 July 1972; VE-6569, ca. 19 kme NE of Colonia Tovar on road between Colonia Tovar and El’ Tigre, Dto. Fed., 29 July 1972; VE-6668, ca. 6 km. NE of El Portachuela, on road between El Portachuela and Chichiriviche, NE of Colonia, 30 July 1972; VE-7065, vicinity of El Dorado, Edo. Bolivar, 3 August 1972. 216 Sanguinolentus (Alb. & Schw.: Fr.) Donke, Rigidoporus, VE-5774, unidentified wood, along Rio Todasana, ca. 2 km. E of Todasana, Dto. Fed., 23 July 1972. subundatus (Murr.) Ginns, Flaviporus, VE-6733 in part, on unidentified log, cae 7 km. S of Chichiriviche, Dto. Fed., 30 July 1972. tenuis (Schw.) Ryv.e, Perenniporia, VE-7218, km. 97-98 S of El Dorado, on road between El Dorado and Santa Elena de Vairén, Edo. Bolivar, 6 August 1972. trichiliae (Pers.) Rome, Schizopora, VE-3758, on decorticated unidentified wood, between refugio "No Te Apures" and Quebrada Los Palos Grandes, south facing slope of La Silla, Parq. Nac. El Avila, Edo. Miranda, 1 July 1972; VE-4482, on unidentified wood, ca. 0.5 hr. walk along trail N of Manacal, NW of Irapa, Edo. Sucre, 9 July 1972; cf. S. trichiliae, VE-4696, on unidentified wood, trail from Los Pocitos, 1.5 hr. walking toward Santa Isabel, NW Irapa, Edo. Sucre, 11 July 1972; VE-4893, on unidentified decayed wood, trial between Manacal and Los Pocitos, NW of Irapa, Edo. Sucre, 13 July 1972; cf. S. trichiliae, VE-5219, on unidentified wood, La Carmelita, Hacienda Las Acacias, SE of Caripe, Edo. Monagas, 17 July 1972; VE-6409 and 6415, on stem of unidentified palm, ca. 25 km. E of Colonia Tovar, on road between El Junquito and Colonia Tovar, Dto. Fed., 29 July 1972. This fungus is a member of the S. paradoxa complex. Additional cultural and morphological studies are needed to sort out the American species. umbrinescens Murr., Poria, VE-6450, on unidentified palm, cae 25 km. E of Colonia Tovar, on road between El Junquito and Colonia Tovar, Dto. Fed., 29 July 1972. versicolor (Le: Fre) Quél.e, Coriolus, VE-4972, trail from Los Pocitos through La Roma to town of Rio Grande Arriba, Edo. Sucre, 13 July 1972. | vincta (Berke) Cke.e, Poria, VE-5782, on unidentified wood, along Rio Todasana, cae 2 km. E of Todasana, Dto. Fede, 23 July 1972; VE-6719, on unidentified wood, cae 7 km. S of Chichirviche, on road between El Portachuelo and Chichiriviche, Dto. Fed., 30 July 1972. Both of these collections are of var. vincta. This fungus can be placed in Rigidoporus; however, gloeopleurous hyphae terminating 217 in mammillate cystidia are present, a feature not present in other members of the genus. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was initiated at the Cary Arboretum of the N.eYe Botanical Garden. The support and encouragement of Arthur Cronquist, Kent Dumont, Bassett Maquire, Clark Rogerson and the herbarium staff of the N.Y. Botanical Garden is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks go to J.Le Lowe for the use of the herbarium facilities at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Ye, and to Paul Lentz, National Fungus Collection, Beltsville, MD. Also, I wish to thank Leif Ryvarden for checking some of the identifications and Dorene Setliff for critically reading the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Dennis, ReW.Ge 1970. Fungus flora of Venezuela and adjacent countries. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. I11I:i-xxxiv, Bot. Gdns Kew, pe 531. Fidalgo, O. and M.E.P.K. Fidalgo. 1968. Polyporaceae from Venezuela. I. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gdn. 17:1-34. Holmquist, O. 1972. On some Venezuelan polypores important in wood decay. State Univ. Coll. Environ. Sci. For. Syracuse Univ., Ph.D. Diss. 97p. Overholts, Le.O. 1934. Hymenomycetes, pe. 304-316. In C.E. Chardon and R.A. Toro, Mycological exploration of Venezuela. Monogr. Univ. P. Rico Phys. Biol Scie, pe. a5. Setliff, E.C. and L. Ryvarden. 1983. Los Hongos de Colombia, VII. Some Aphyllophoraceous Wood-Inhabiting Fungi. Mycotaxon 15:509-525. ; iu # ‘ ry Laer ¥ Fieuy y Vea . MYCOTAXON VOM XTX pps) 2192270 January-March 1984 AN INDEX TO FUNGAL NAMES AND EPITHETS SANCTIONED BY PERSOON AND FRIES W. Gams Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, Netherlands the reformation iof “Art. 13 ICBN.jat the Sydney Botanical .Con-= gress in 1981 renders author's citations of "pre-starting-point" taxa in many ways easier (see comments by Demoulin et al., 1981; Org Eo eb andes OSs) Neots all ehes tex. NN citations) Gan, however, simply be replaced by " : Fr.". To allow the rapid retrieval of all names and epithets (for distinction see Korf, 1983) from generic down to infraspecific rank which were sanctioned by Persoon and Fries (and not only listed as synonyms), the following index has been compiled. inovageneric.itaxa indicated, .as \tribus (trio subtribus, (str...) or Simply A., B., etc., are also included. Informally introduced names of entities between subtribus and species, which have no Status Jn. Questions Of iprionaity) (Art... 35.2 1TCBN), are omitted: Names of "Gasteromycetes, rusts and smuts" are sanctioned in Persoon's Synopsis methodica Fungorum (arbitrarily dated in ICBN as published_on 31 Dec, 1801) and those of the “Fungi caeteri.” in Fries's Systema mycologicum (vol. 1 arbitrarily dated in ICBN as publushedwonr di Jan. i B2t,. VOL. 2), D.la2h5 oO We22. De 2LO-O20. iN Bec S a Ol An See 2 DO. Ln wee 29, | De 2OO0Kend iim 832) including stne Elenchus Fungorum (El.) (1828). Generic names cited in their taxonomic context in the introduction to Vol. 1 of the Systema (Roman page numbers) are considered sanctioned at that place and are listed as such in the present index (see also Donk 1962: 102). (For bibliography the reader is referred to Stafleu & Cowan, 1976). The decision about what has to be considered a "Fungus caeterus" has been taken according to modern knowledge. Thus Uredo mycophila (anamorph of Hypomyces chrysospermus) is listed by Persoon, but was sanctioned by Fries as Sepedonium chrysospermum. On the other hand, genera like Phleogena (= Pila- ere) and Ostracoderma, though often, listed as Gasteromycetes, were obviously sanctioned by Fries. Thus names of Gasteromycetes etc. not sanctioned by Persoon but listed by Fries have not been sanctioned and are not listed here. The few lichenized fungi covered by Fries (the sanctioning of which is still debated) are also included. Names of myxomycetes and the algal genus Cephaleu- ros (which start with Linnaeus, 1753) have been excluded. Epi- thets variously classified by Fries in different places appear here on separate lines, even though they are synonyms. Z2N) This. index is not intended to replace Fries's index of his Systema and Elenchus (1832); in that index many more names and epithets are listed (even in Roman letters), some of which have not been cited in the text of the three volumes in such a way that they can be regarded as sanctioned. In addition some names appear in that index which were published by Fries, Junghuhn, Klotzsch, Kunze and Lasch in Linnaea 3-7 and a few others, and which might be regarded as sanctioned, but these are not included in the present index. Only some additional cross references have been incorporated from Fries's index (in parenthesis). Some homo- nymous binomials established in the Systema and Elenchus were corrected by Fries in his indices and correction slips. Referen- ces to these corrections are included in the present index. Infraspecific taxa are listed alphabetically, and the specific epithets originally designated by Fries are indicated, except that Greek letters used to indicate infraspecific taxa had to be replaced by capital Roman letters (without full stop) for techni- cal reasons. Epithets of uncertain infraspecific rank (i.e. the initial of the generic name is repeated after the Greek letter) (e.g. Agaricus fumosus 8 A. polius, vol. 1: 89) are marked with an asterisk (*); it is not yet clear whether such epithets are only protected in infraspecific rank against competing synonyms (principle 3 of Korf, 1983). Names mentioned in foot-notes or appendices are marked with a question mark (?). "Species inqui- rendae" and other names commented on in Similar terms are not re- garded as sanctioned and not listed here. The spelling of v - u and i- j (before vowels) and the use of lower-case letters of epithets have been adjusted according to modern rules, as has the use of hyphens in compound epithets. Though sometimes desirable, other linguistic corrections have generally not been carried out. Abbreviations: Ag. - Agaricus, Bol. - Boletus, Péz. -— Peziza, Por. (= Polyporus, sph. —Sphaeria;, Thel... —:Thelepnoera. The stimulating advice given by Prof. R. P. Korf during the preparation of this index is gratefully acknowledged. References Demoulin, W¥i'.. Hawksworth, D. L., Kort, R. P.i, and’ Polizar, 22 (19ers solution of the starting point problem in the nomenclature of fungi. Taxon 30: 52-63. Donk, M. A. (1962): The generic names proposed for Hymenomycetes - XII. Deuteromycetes. Taxon 11: 75-104. Korf, R. P. (1982 a). Citation of authors’ names and the typification of names of fungal taxa published between 1753 and 1832 under the changes in the Code of Nomenclature enacted in 1981. Mycologia 74: 250-255. Korf, R. P. (1982 b). Mycological and lichenological implications of changes in the code of nomenclature -enacted in 1981. Mycotaxon 14: 476-490. Korf, R. P. (1983). Sanctioned epithets, sanctioned names, and cardinal principles in “s -Pers.”.and "> Fr," citations. Mycotaxon. Tos g4i=s5c; Stafleu, F. A. and Cowan, R. S. (1976). Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanial publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. 2nd Ed. Vol. I: A-G. Utrecht, Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. 221 Names and epithets sanctioned by Persoon (rusts, smuts and gasteromycetes) Aecidium - XV, 204 agrestis, Cyathus, olla B - 238 alchemillae, Uredo - 215 allii-ursini, Aecidium - 210 alyssi, Uredo, candida C - 223 anemones, Aecidium - 212 anemones, Puccinia - 226 anemones, Uredo - 223 anglicum, Geastrum, hygrometricum B - 135 appendiculata, Uredo - 221 arhizum, Scleroderma - 152 asperifolii, Aecidium - 208 aurantium, Scleroderma -—- 153 avenae, Uredo, segetum C - 224 Batarrea - XIV 129 berberidis, Aecidium -—- 209 betae, Uredo - 220 betulina, Uredo, populina B - 219 Boyista \= pSV, 7136 bovista, Lycoperdon - 141 brumale, Tulostoma - 139 bullata, Uredo - 222 cancellatum, Aecidium - 205 cancellatus, Phallus - 243 candida, Uredo - 223 candidum, Lycoperdon - 146 caninus, Phallus —- 245 capanulae, Uredo - 217 carcinomale, Scleroderma - 151 caricis, Uredo* =) 225 cepa, Scleroderma -—- 155 cerastii, Uredo, pustulata B - 219 cervinum, Scleroderma - 156 cheiranthi, Uredo - 224 circaeae, Puccinia - 228 citrinum, Scleroderma - 153 Clathrus = XVi, 244 coliforme, Geastrum - 131 confluens, Uredo - 214 convolvuli, Uredo, betae B - 221 cornutum, Aecidium -—- 205 coronatum, Geastrum - 132 crassum, Aecidium - 208 crucibulum, Cyathus -- 238 Cyathus - XV, 236 decipiens, Uredo, segetum E - 225 deformis, Cyathus - 240 dianthi, Uredo - 222 echinatum, Lycoperdon - 147 eglanteriae, Uredo, miniata A - 216 euphorbiae, Aecidium - 211 euphorbiae-exiguae, Uredo, euphorbiae- helioscopiae B - 215 euphorbiae-helioscopiae, Uredo - 215 excipuliforme, Lycoperdon - 143 farctus, Cyathus - 239 farinosa, Uredo - 217 fenestratum, Geastrum, quadrifidum C - 133 ficariae, Aecidium, crassum B - 208 filatum, Tulostoma, brumale B - 139 flavescens, Clathrus - 242 furfuracea?, Bovista - 138 galii, Aecidium - 207 Geastrum —- XIV, 131 genistae-tinctoriae, Uredo, appendicula- ta C - 222 giganteum, Lycoperdon - 140 gossypinum, Lycoperdon - 150 graminis, Puccinia - 228 grossulariae, Aecidium, rumicis B - 207 hadriani, Phallus - 246 herculeanum, Scleroderma -—- 151 hirtum, Lycoperdon, umbrinum B - 148 hordei, Uredo, segetum A - 224 hyemale, Lycoperdon, excipuliforme B - 144 hygrometricum, Geastrum —- 135 impudicus, Phallus - 242 indusiatus, Phallus - 244 juniperi, Puccinia - 228 lacunosum, Lycoperdon, perlatum C - 146 linearis, Uredo - 216 lini, Uredo, miniata B - 216 Lycoperdon - XIV, 140 mammaeforme, Lycoperdon —- 145 menthae, Puccinia - 227 menthae, Uredo - 220 mercurialis-perennis, Uredo, confluens B - 214 miniata, Uredo - 216 minus, Geastrum, quadrifidum B - 133 mokusin, Phallus - 245 molle, Lycoperdon - 150 mucronata, Puccinia -—- 230 mycophila, Uredo (Hyphomycete) - 214 nigrescens, Bovista - 136 nigrescens, Lycoperdon, perlatum B - 146 nitidus, Cyathus, olla A - 238 olla, Cyathus §="237 orobi-tuberosi, Aecidium - 210 oxyacanthae, Aecidium - 206 panici-miliacei, Uredo, segetum D - 224 pectinatum, Geastrum - 132 perlatum, Lycoperdon - 145 phalloides, Batarrea - 129 Phabhuss: (= XViE, 242 phaseoli, Uredo, appendiculata A - 222 pini, Aecidium - 213 pisi-sativi, Uredo, appendiculta B - 222 pistillare, Scleroderma - 150 222 plumbea, Bovista - 137 polygoni-amphibii, Puccinia - 227 polygoni-aviculariae, Puccinia - 227 polypodii, Uredo, linearis B - 217 polyrhizum, Scleroderma - 156 populina, Uredo - 219 potentillae, Puccinia - 229 pratense, Lycoperdon - 142 prenanthis, Aecidium - 208 pruni-spinosae, Puccinia - 226. PUGET Ma! N= ONV 225 punctatum, Aecidium - 212 pusilla, Bovista - 138 pustulata, Uredo - 219 pyriforme, Lycoperdon - 148 quadrifidum, Geastrum - 133 quercinum, Lycoperdon - 148 ranunculi-acris, Aecidium - 210 rhamni, Aecidium - 206 ribis-alpini, Uredo, confluens A - 214 rosae, Puccinia, mucronata A - 230 rosae-centifoliae, Uredo - 215 ruber, Clathrus - 241 rubi, Puccinia, mucronata B - 230 rubi-fruticosi, Uredo - 218 rubi-idaei, Uredo - 218 rufescens, Geastrum - 134 rumicis, Aecidium - 207 salicis-capreae, Uredo, farinosa A - 217 scabrum, Scleroderma, cervinum B - 157 Scleroderma - XIV, 150 scutellaris, Cyathus - 239 scutellata, Uredo - 220 segetum, Uredo - 224 senecionis, Uredo, farinosa B - 218 sii-falcariae, Aecidium - 212 sonchi-arvensis, Uredo - 217 spadiceum, Scleroderma - 155 Sphaerobolus - XIII, 115 squamosum, Tulostoma - 139 stellatus, Sphaerobolus - 115 striatus, Cyathus - 237 suaveolens, Uredo - 221 tesselatum, Lycoperdon, pyriforme B - 149 thlaspeos, Uredo, candida A - 223 tinctorium, Scleroderma —- 152 tragopogi, Aecidium - 211 tragopogi, Uredo, candida B - 223 tragopogi-pratensis, Uredo - 225 tritici, Uredo, segetum B - 224 Tulostoma - XIV, 139 tussilaginis, Aecidium - 209 tussilaginis, Uredo - 218 umbrinum, Lycoperdon - 147 Uredo - XV, 214 utriforme, Lycoperdon - 143 valantiae, Puccinia - 227 verrucosum, Scleroderma - 154 viciae-fabae, Uredo - 221 violacea, Uredo -—- 225 woodwardi, Geastrum, coronatum B - 132 225 Names and epithets sanctioned by Fries (Fungi caeteri) tite MOLI Si agi" 2%) 1139 abbotiana, Pez. tr. Patellea - 2:149 abbotiana, Pez. tr. Phialea - El.2:14 abietina, Clavaria tr. Ramariae - 1:469 abietina, Daedalea tr. Dimidiatae - 1:334 abietina, Daedalea tr. Apus - E1.1:66 abietina, Pez. tr. Helvelloideae - 2:47 ApweNay uSielen alia! — Seles 4hii5 abietina, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - 1:442 abuetana,- Thel. tr. Apus)— Hl. W188 abietinum, Pez. B. Helotium, acicula- Se ey > Weare Ta abietinum, Phacidium tr. Erumpentia - 235716 Blonene wisibisyy Week BH SO abietis, Apiosporium - 3:255 abietis, Mitrula B. Heyderia - 1:492 abietis, Pez. tr. Dasyscyphae, calyci- na B - 2:91 abietis, Sph. JE ere AS) abnormis, Sph. tr. Circinatae - 2:411 acariforme, Institale - 3:210 ZICCL MMS, WSOedn Wea Gilecwdeneen 2a iO ACCROUS.) AG tien lie NCh@Lomal = iliz49 acerina, Thel. D. Lejostroma - 1:453 acerina, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - es sige acerinum, Phacidium tr. Phacidium/Pili- datum OE 22/186 acerinum, Rhytisma tr. Xyloma - 2:569 ACerOsus., Ase ties Pleurotus — )si/9i acervalis, Sph. tr. Caespitosae - Bn Zee! acervata, Sph. tr. Caespitosae - 2:416 ACSA VANE USie A mme es CV OC VIO mali silaz nike: Ralls} acervulata, Dothidea - E1.2:124 abacina, Pez. Ces Movs iS MSTA. tr. Obvallatae - 2:398, acetabulum, Pez. tr. Helvelloideae - 2:44 acetabulum, Pez. tr. Aleuria - E1l.2:6 acharii, Actidium - 2:596 aciculare, Sphaeronaema - 2:536 acicularis, Pez. B. Helotium - 2:156 ACLAUIUS. POM Tuc ADUS, aS Lp bleUuse Ss) — JEL) eke acinorum, Botrytis tr. Umbellatae - 3:400 ac(c)inosa, Sph. tr. Confluentes - 2:422 aCAnoSal,. Spits, itr Vallosae.. hirsuta B — 2:450 Acmmutear— i224 COs Blmesa7 ACOMUUL, wOpN. Un. Waulacolad,, acuva Bi = 225 0M, Acremonium - 1:XLIV, 3:383, 425 acris, Ag. tr. Galorrheus = 1365 Acrospermum - 2:241, 244 acrospermum, Sphaeronaema - 2:537 Acrosporium - 1:XLV Actidium= 2:317, 595, .bb. 2146 Actinocladium - 3:340, 352 ACTAMOMeMa =n 2 10.0 Sc lectern Vols Actinothyrium - 2:319, 597 acuminata, Sph. tr. Caulicolae - 2:506 acuminatum, Hysterium tr. Denudata - Zt aoe acuta, Clavaria tr. Corynoideae - 1:485 ACUILAtROD Msumuiee, KOA MC Olah rab Oi acutum, Cenangium tr. Clithris - 2:188 ELSIE ES a Wels ela Werawloe dere) |) 1 S238 acuum, Pez. tr. Dasyscyphae - 2:95 acuum, Pez. tr. Lachnea - E1.2:8 adhaerens, Ag. tr. Clitocybe - 1:96 adhaesivus*, Ag. tr. Clitocybe - 1:96 AClOCISwISs) Wek Viole) Ila@llaenee) G22 Adnata, Sclerotium tr. - 2:247 Adnatae, Dothadea tr. = 22549, 553 adonils,) Age were Mycena = leia2 EXclsigainaciaisn) WNak lies Cilancoesuivis =) WRahe)s adunca, Erysiphe - 3:245 adusta, Sph. tr. Confluentes - EH1.2:87 adustum, Hydnum tr. Pleuropus - El.1:132 adUStUSs) AGe eee RUSSUla = 60 Aclisieuisny POs ies owls) = Neeies Aegerita - 1:XLI, 3:202, 219 Aegeritaria, Ag. tr. Pleurotus str. - We WS aegopodii, Sph. tr. Foliicolae - 2:526 aequatum, Hysterium - E1.2:141 ALOE MOSES Shoals eis CoMeceseemivesy = 2:374 aereus, Bol. - 1:393 Aerophyton - 3:298, 328 aerugineus, Ascobolus - 2:165 aeruginosa, Botrytis tr. Spicatae - SH 37 ACGUSIMNOSA. eZ ur CalyCcimac —aasiisO aeruginosum, Stilbum - 3:303 aeruginosus, Ag. tr. Psalliota - 1:286 aesculi, Cryptosporium - 3:482 BeCSCUMe Ol mnie eA DUS a i alain 9) aesculicola, Sph. B. Depazea - 2:530 aestuans, Ag. tr. Tricholoma - 1:47 afer, Xerotus - E1.1:48 affine, Sphaeronaema, cylindricum B - Eps ani SaaS MOY, wies elke pieo ols ll hes) atfiMmis, Spia er. Denudavae i) Hie 393 affinis*, Sph. tr. Foliicolae -.2:518 chee eee, Sjlan Say (Comadecivers > 2gsevr Bl.2368 afflatum, Ectostroma? - 2:602 attrreatus, fe. tr. Ompnalia =) 12169; Be lese 2 (3:266) 224 AEBS Wisp Oise neler yO US nual tepiceo.0) agardhii, Hydnum tr. Resupinatus - 1:418 Agaricini, Cantharellus tr. Mesopus str. - E1.1:49 agaricinum, Stachylidium - 3:392 agaricoides, Asterophora - 3:205 aparilcola,, sph. . tr. Connataei="2:339, B26 (MNexeVenlicnist om AGS Awol) 1aillics 12 aggeralis, Ag. tr. Clitocybe, dealba- tus B - 1:92 agglomerata, Sph. tr. Piles aggregatum, Dichosporium - 3:219 aggregatum, Hysterium tr. Denudata - 22533 aggregatum, Lophium - E1.2:114 AV oT eus CoO gael Ble ie oi alabastrina, Pez. tr. Hymenoscyphae - 2:125 alba, Pez. B. Helotium = 2:157 Balbloveiee USieulyeEy shi Uabl ala ir albertini, Ag. tr. Pleurotus - 1:179 albicans, Sph. tr. Seriatae, polygramma B - 2:432 albida, Daedalea tr. Dimidiatae - 1:338 albida, Daedalea tr. Apus - E1.1:70 albida, Sporocybe - 3:343 albida, Tremella tr. Cerebrinae - 2:215 albidum, Tuber tr. Genuina - 2:291 albidus*, Ag. tr. Crepidotus - 1:275 albidus, Cantharellus tr. Mesopus - 1:319 alpoaver,. Bol. — Bilal si27 albobadia, Thel. tr. Apus - E1.1:189 albo-brunneus, Ag. tr. Tricholoma - 1:37 albo-violaceus, Ag. tr. Inoloma - 1:218 albo-violascens, Pez. tr. Dasyscyphae - 2:96 alboviolascens, Pez. tr. Lachnea - B1.2:9 albovirens, Mucor - 3:319 Zula, WNVes pion Mb eielatellroliter yom Ilsa alcalinus, Ag. tr. Mycena’- 1:142, Baas cat alchemillae, Asteroma? - £1.2:152 Aleuria, Pez.aser. Wi-s2e4,, 42 Aleuria, Pezey tr.v— El.236 aleuriatus, Ag. tr. Dermocybe - 1:238 Aleurisma - 1:XLIV, 3:437, 452 algidus, Ag. tr. Pleurotus - 1:190 aliena, Sph. tr. Subtectae - 2:502 alienum, Perisporium - 3:252 alismatis, Patellaria tr. Subgelatinosae = 226 | alismatis, Perisporium - 3:252 alismatis, Sclerotium tr. Erumpentia - 2:257 alliaceus, Ag. tr. Mycena - 1:140 alLlkiveana, /Sphhmtine Gonrertae: <2 s43)/ alligata, Sph. tr. Byssisedae - 2:445 alligatus, Pol. tr. Merisma - E1.1:78 allochroa, Botrytis tr. Verticillatae - Caespitosae - 3:402 alnea, Dothidea tr. Xyloma - 2:564 alnea, Sph. tr. Foliicolae,— 23526 alnea, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - 1:446, dla iho? NG alnea, Tympanis - 2:174, El.2:18 alneum, Perisporium - 3:250 alneum, Phacidium tr. Erumpentia - 2:573 alni*, Erysiphe - 3:244 alni, Sph. tri Carcumscriptae; iprunasirs B = 2:380 alnicola, Ag. tr. Flammula - 1:250 alopecuri, Sph. tr. Seriatae - E1.2:90 alpestris, Pez. tr. Humaria, rutilans D - 2:68 alta, Torula - 3:501 alternata, Torula - 3:500 alternatum, Acremonium - 3:424 alutacea*, Pez. tr. Helvelloideae - 2:50 alutacea, Sph. tr. Cordyceps - 2:325 alutaceum, Hydnum tr. Resupinatus - TA if aes enSis} alutaceus, Ag. tr. Russula - 1:55 alutaceus, Pol. tr. Apus - 1:360 alveolaris, Cantharellus tr. Pleuropus - HIs22 alveolarius, Merulius - E1.1:45 alveolarius, Pol. A. Favolus - 1:343 amadelphus, Ag. tr. Collybia - 1:135 Amanita, Neti. =) 19 Vi25n Biles amara, Leotia tr. Cucullaria - 2:27 amarus, Ag. tr. Clitocybe - 1:87 ambiens, Sph. tr. Obvallatae - 2:403 ambigua?, Sph. - El.2:85 amboinensis, Pol. tr. Pleuropus - 1:354, Be ovenG ambustus*, Ag. tr. Mycena - 1:157 amenti, Pez. tr. Hymenoscyphae - 2:127 amethystina, Clavaria tr. Ramariae - 1:472 amictus, Ag. tr. Mycena - 1:141 amoena, Sph. tr. Foliicolae - 2:519 amoenus, Ag. tr. Phaeotus - E1.1:38 amorpha, Thel. tr. Apus - E1.1:183 amnorphus, Pol.’ tr. Apus "13364 bie lise amphibolia, Thel. D. Lejostroma - 1:454 amphibolia, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - uh a ey2s Amphiphericae, Sph. sect. - 2:321 amphiporus, Pol. tr. Apus, sSanguineus B - £1.1:99 amphitricha, Meliola - 3:Ind.114 amphitricha, Sph. tr. Foliicolae —- 225134) Ee ehO9 ampla, Sph. tr. Obtectae - E1.2:98 ampliata, Pez. tr. Encoelia - 2:76 amplus, Ag. tr. Clitocybe - 1:95 ancilis, Pez. tr. Helvelloideae - 2:43 ancilis, Pez. tr. Aleuria = El.2:6 andromedae, Cenangium tr. Scleroderris - 2:182 andromedae, Phacidium tr. Erumpentia - 2:547 andromedae, Rhytisma tr. Xyloma - 2:567 andromedae, Tympanis - El.2:19 endrosaceus, Aga tra Collypiar— Neil, Bleeds. 19 anemona, opin. wulen CONCrCeScentes l= Bal 2S aneirinus, (ile (22 anemones, Dothidea tr. Xyloma - 2:563 anethi, Sph. tr. Seriatae - 2:429 angelicae, Dothidea tr. Xyloma - 2:561 angulata, Sph. tr. Incusae — 2:390, Bl.2378 angustata, Clavaria tr. Corynoideae - ete Su Mn sie oe angustata, Clavaria, inaequalis C - Esmee angustata, Daedalea tr. Dimidiatae - i386 angustata, Sph. tr. Platystomae - 2:470 angustata, Stilbospora - 3:485 angustatum*, Hysterium tr. Denudata - 23580 angcuscus, Ages tr. (Cla tvopi lus 9 tisii95 Amixta= 3234226 annonae, Ectostroma? - 2:602 aADNOSUS TE LOA tia ADUS —nllse a5 MEAs 106 annulata, Pez. tr. Tapesia - 2:106 annulata, Sph. tr. Pulvinatae - E1.2:64 anomala, Clavaria tr. Corynoideae - ASTOR A esha anomala, Pez. tr. Tapesia - 2:106 anomalus, Ag. Cortinarius tr. Inoloma - 1:220 anomia, Sph. ess ih anserina, Sph. tr. Obtectae - 2:480 Antennaria - 1:XLVI1, 3:223, 228 antennata, Torula - 3:501 Anthina - 3:269, 281 anthocephala*, Thel. tr. Merisma - 1:433 anthocephalum*, Merisma - E1.1:167 anthochroa, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - Jha AO PAO anivilaruomny Aen otic ICOprinaryusis— Be hae apalus, Ag. tr. Galera - 1:265 apiculata, Clavaria tr. Ramariae 4705 Baal 229 apiculatum, Hysterium tr. Xyloma Apiosporium - 3:224, 255 applanata, Pez. tr. Geopyxis - 2:64 applanata, Sph. tr. Pertusae - 2:463 aD DLAICaALus), PAGS itr. PlLeurotusi—= Mie O2 Apus, Cantharellus tr. = 1322, Bl. s54 Apus, Daedalea tr. - E1.1:65 Anus Hydnumutinani=) is S9Su V4 TO) eH Weal): 133 INOW Al” Eiiajoxed a una e ol NOUBA) ie Ns) Apus, Merulius tr. .— Hl.1:57 pus ehLebias tir — Ris We 154 INOS) TOIT eek aN SIStS Naabe Milt el) Pol. tr. Resupinatus - tr, Circumscriptae = 2:381, = 2:593 Teas ApUSs. Theda bie — e420 4 36k ob Sis OO aquatilis*, Ag. tr. Galera - 1:267 aquifoelii, Sph. tr. Caespitosae — LS 25ee2 aquila, sph. Ble2s9 | aquilina, Sph. tr. Foliicolae - 2:522 AGUMIUS WA.) toh he cil tay tis 20S aquosus, Ags tr. Clitocybe =i: 125 arachnophila, Isaria - 3:273 arack ima.) spn. trsieincusael— 2339) araliae, Sph. tr. Foliicolae, amphitri- cha B - 2:514 tr. Byssisedae - 2:442, aranearum, Isaria - 3:273 araneosa, Pez. tr. Humaria - 2:69 araneosa, Sph. tr. Villosae - 2:447 arbutay Spies vite IMOlddcolliae r= Ie 3523 arbuticola,:Sph. tr. Subtectae -— 2:500 arcticum, Cenangium tr. Triblidium. - 2:186 arcuatus, Ag. tr. Claivocybe =) 1109 Arevatus.wMUCORm— momo AGUAS ul mOMn UA aVviOLUSi a 1342 ardenia, Clavaria tr. Corynoideae - 1:478 ardosiacusa Ae yw tr. Cirtoprlusy—) 1.198 arecae, Sph. B. Depazea - 2:528 arenaria, Pez. tr. Geopyxis - 2:63 arenula, Pez. tr. Mollisia - 2:148 areolata, Thel. tr. Resupinatus, puteana B - E1.1:194 areollata, heli. pApUS = ats. te2190 areolatum, Sclerotium tr. Xyloma - 2:263 argematus, Ag. tr. Galorrheus - 1:75 argentatus, Ag. tr. Inoloma - 1:218 argenteum, Epichysium - 3:293 argillacea, Clavaria tr. Corynoideae - 1:482 argillacea, Pez. Aleuria tr. Geopyxis - 2:66 argillacea, Sph. Ble 22163 argillaceum, Fusisporium - 3:446 argutum, Hydnum tr. Resupinatus - 1:424 ardac. Wop tick OLircolae = 225417 APTA s Ml Vino ane Sh—wct il (oli aciselic aicidar wihel itn ReSUpLNaLUse— Elan belo ali Stapay SDMwbic a Versaitates= 25808 armata, Sph. tr. Pulvinatae - 2:336 Crewe Ul VInabacs —w23338, armeniaca, Pez. tr. Dasyscyphae - 2:95 armeniacus, Ag. tr. Dermocybe - 1:234 Avemindilaite dee ie icra tm lve Oe.) wih le anles 4k armillatus, Ag. tr. Telamonia - 1:214 aromaticus, Ag. tr. Limacium - 1:35 Artarinaumi=" lax Las S40 yee te articulata?, Monilia - 3:501 artocreas, .sphwitr.J Poli colae = 22523 arundinacea, Eustegia - El.2:112 arundinacea, Sph. tr. Seriatae - 2:429 arundinacea, Stictis - 2:195 arundinaceum, Hysterium tr. Xyloma - Zi 226 Hymenella - 2:234 Hymenula - E1.2:37 Perisporium - 3: 250 Pez. tr. Dasyscyphae - 2:105 arundinis, Psilonia - 3:451 arunGginas. opi. swe. Gaulacolae — 25 10 arvalis, Ac. tr. Naucoriar— Wi2cos, 504 alewellalisss IVE 1gles aeons = hilo esky) Ascobolus = 2138, (161, ELIZ: 16 Ascophora - 3:297, 309 asemus, Ag. tr. Clitocybe - 1:121 aspegrenii, Pez. tr. Calycinae - 2:131 aspegrenii, Sph. tr. Pertusae - 2:465 asper, Ag. tr. Amanita - 1:18 aspera, Excipula - 2:597 aspera, Sph. tr. Lignosae - 2:354, Merete (fal Aspergillus - 1:XLV, 3:382, 383 aspideus, Ag. tr. Galorrheus - 1:63 asprellus, Ag. tr. Eccilia - 1:208 aster?, Ag. Coprinus - 1:314 Meson: 3 Looe. alae ial, WeACe)) asteroma, Dothidea tr. Xyloma - 2:560 asteroma, Sph. tr. Foliicolae - 2:525 asteromorpha, Dothidea tr. Xyloma - Asoo Eee eos Gorzocy Asterophora - 3:201, 205 asterosperma, Stilbospora - 3:484 aSwceyseulinoviss Ivers qe i velunbvel SG Asyie CRS astroidea, Sph. tr. Obtectae - 2:478 astrordeus, Ags; 8. Coprinus =) 12312 aterrimum, Hydnum tr. Resupinatus - 1:416 aterrimum, Radulum - E1l.1:153 atomatus. Ae. tre Psabhyrar— ies atra, Dothidea tr. Erumpentes - 2:550 atra, Helvella tr. Pezizoideae - 2:19 atra, Leotiay = El.2:3 Atractium - 1:XLI, (3:467) Atractobollus’ = 12:280), 3055 Hla: 50 atramentarius, Ag. B. Coprinus - 1:308 atramentosa, Dothidea tr. Xyloma, himan- tia A - 2:559 atramentosa, Sph. tr. Connatae - 2:344, F1.2:68 atrata, Botrytismtr. Cymosae — 32399 atrata, Patellaria tr. Subcoriaceae - POV. tbe 23 15 atrata, Pez. tr. Mollisia - 2:148 Bhoietoes Waals wien TNowS ao TREC IAI TWAS atratum, Asteroma? - El.2:153 atratum, Sclerotium tr. Libera - 2:251 atratus, Ags tr. Omphalia - 1):168, Ws (R22 atro-alba, Verpa - 2:23 atro-albus, Ag. tr. Mycena - 1:141 atrocoerulus, Ag. tr. Pleurotus - 1:190 atrocyanea, Stictis C. Propolis - 2:199 atrocyaneus, Ag. tr. Mycena - 1:147 atropes, Ag. tr. Clitocybe, velutipes C =) NR Ao) arundinis, arundinis, arundinis, arundinis, atropunctata, Sph. tr. Lignosae = 2:351 avropuneuus, Ae. itr. Wilivopimiius mela Os atro-purpurea, Sph. tr. Connatae - 2:340 atropurpureum, Geoglossum - 1:490 atrorufus*, Ag. tr. Psilocybe - 1:293 atrostoma?, Sph. 2:447 atrotomentosus, Ag. tr. Crepidotus - EZTE atro-virens, Ag. tr. Tricholoma - 1:43 atrovirens, Agyrium - 2:232 atrovirens, Cytispora - 2:545 aurovirens) LeOtila (ties Hycronitram—a2eo0 atrovirens, Pez. tr. Mollisia = 2:141 AvLLOVIrenS, Pez tic. Phe tlea—a lier atrovirens, Sclerotium tr. Libera = 2:251 atrovirens, Sph. tr. Subtectae =/2:501; 2 o Os} atrovirens, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - Be | 202 atrum, Cladosporium - 3:371 atrum, Oedemium - 3:344 atrum, Sporidesmium - 3:494 aucupariae, Cenangium tr. Scleroderris - 2:181 BWISILeS Wes gies (e@iuikfeuiei, = i) 9 i374 aurantia, Pez. tr. Helvelloideae - 2:49 aurantia, Sph. tr. Byssisedae - 2:440, F1l.2:91 aurantia, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - 1:445 aurantia, Tremella tr. Mesenteriformes - 2S PANS aurantiaca, Clavaria tr. Corynoideae - Wee idl ia 2e2 aurantiaca, Clavaria, inaequalis D - hs tee sie aurantiacum, aurantiacum, aurantiacum, aurantiacum, aber aurantiacum, Fusarium - 3:471 Fusidium - 3:48] Fusisporium - 3:445 Hydnum tr. Mesopus - 1:403, Sporotrichum - 3:423 aurantiacus, Ag. tr. Galorrheus - 1:68 aurantiacus, Cantharellus tr. Mesopus - WESIS5 Wives 1e4S) aurantio-marginatus, Ag. tr. Clitocybe - WON DS eWigeiaicanbisin WNT ies Ahenclaeiieiea = 1 asts auratus, Ag. tr. Hypholoma - (1:288), 33 Ind. 9 aurea, Daedalea tr. Dimidiatae - 1:339 aurea, Naemaspora - 3:478 aurea, Pez.) Be Helot2um y=) 231/56 aurelia, Pez esti. Tapesiar— cclOr aurelia, Pez. tr. Lachnea = Hl2:9 aureum, Ceratium - 3:295 aureum, Fusisporium - 3:446 aureum, Hydnum tr. Resupinatus - DLS We Si aureum, Oidium - 3:429 aureum, Sporotrichum - 3:418 aureus, A@ottia., Pholiotare 24) aureus, Hypochnus -— 3:289 aureus, Merulius tr. Resupinatus - Elie Oe aureus, Mucor - 3:324 suraicula, Ag. tr.) €litocybe = 1285 auricula-canis, Exidia tr. Auriculae - eeeee auricula-judae, Exidia tr. Auriculae - CRICe | AupiculacseExidilary tir. "— 2722 AMiPVTeVlartan nel tite ApUSTSEC. — Mik G US OO. 1 ek auriformis, Exidia tr. Auriculae - 2:223 auriscalpium, Cantharellus tr. Pleuropus ee el lieve oye auriscalpium, Hydnum tr. Mesopus - 1:406 aurivellus, Ag. tr. Pholiota - 1:242 aurora, Sph. tr. Caespitosae - E1.2:80 ausvcalasmreol. «tr. Apus) — El. 12108 avellana, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - 1:442 avellana, Thel. tr. Apus - E1.1:188 avellanae, Sph. tr. Foliicolae - 2:514 avenaceum, Fusisporium - (2:238), 3:444 avenaceus, ag. tr. Mycena - 1:150 axiilarise Pez. tre Mollusial = 221145 Azygites - 3:298, 330 Bactrrdnum = Xl, 393823; 438 badia, Pez. tr. Helvelloideae - 2:46 badipes, Ag. tr. Omphalia, campanella B - 1:167 badius*, Bol. barba-jovis, 1:421 Sli GOO se Hile | 2 126 Hydnum tr. Resupinatus - barbara, Sph. tr. Platystomae - 2:468 barbata, Pez. tr. Dasyscyphae - 2:99 barbata, Pez. tr. Lachnea - E1.2:9 barbata, Sph. tr. Foliicolae - 2:514 barbatus, Ag. tr. Dermocybe - 1:237 barbirostris, Sph. tr. Ceratostomae - 2:473 batatas, Rhizoctonia tr. Thanatophyta - B1l.2:45 battarae, Ag. tr. Omphalia - 1:175 bauhiniae, Rhytisma - E1.2:128 belilus, Wes tres, Clitocybe— 12107 benzoinus, Pol. tr. Apus - E1.1:100 benzonii, Ag. tr. Mycena - E1.1:20 berberidis*, Erysiphe - 3:244 berberidis, Pez. tr. Dasyscyphae - 2:99 berberidis, Sph. tr. Caespitosae - 2:415 beprment Aga te. Onphialia —Wl/5 227 betulina, Thel. tr. Apus, purpurea B - 1:440 betulinum, Perisporium - 3:249 betulinum, Sclerotium tr. Xyloma - 2:262 betulanus Pols tre Apuss—mllsS5o, E1.1:89 bicolor, Botrytis tr. Umbellatae - 3:401 bicolor, Diamphora - 3:325 bicolor, Hydnum tr. Resupinatus - 1:417, Jed 13 IS bicolor, Melanconium - 3:488 bicolor, Myxotrichum - 3:351 bicolor, Penicillium - 3:408 bicolor, Pez. tr. Dasyscyphae - 2:92 bicolor, Stachylidium - 3:391 bicolor, Stilbum — 933038 bicolor; Wheltre Apus) =) 12433 bicornis, Erysiphe - 3:244 biennis, Daedalea tr. Stipitatae - 1:332 biennis, Daedalea tr. Mesopus - E1.1:65 biennis, Thel. B. Phylacteria - 1:449 brvennis, Whele Tir Apuss — Rls lsat (4 biforme, Hysterium tr. Denudata - 2:582, Hee 31139 lol itonainulisia Siolale lonlinimoyalss,, (Siolalz, 2:438 bignoniae, Dothidea - El.2:122 bignoniae?, Sph. tr. Circumscriptae - 2:379 biocellaris*, Erysiphe - 3:239 biparasitica, Tremella C. Phyllopta - 2:219 biserialis, Sph. tr. Connatae - E1.2:68 bistortae, Ectostroma? - 2:602 tr. Villosae - 2:448 (Depazea) tr. Confertae - biiveluss AG watr. melamonital—rlis2 15 blatrarius, len cre epaOlLotam—alsec4or Hes 95 blennius, Ag. cr.) Galorrheus = 1:67 Blennoria - 3:459, 472 bolaris, Ag. tr. Dermocybe - 1:228 bolaris; Pez. tr. Fibrina = 23112 Bolletusy— (6,5 SS5,, Elemis 125 bolitonii, Ag. tr. Coprinarius ="1):303 bombarda, Sph. tr. Denudatae - 2:456 bombycina, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - Jd eH bombycinus, Ag. tr. Volvaria - 1:277 bombycinus, Pol. tr. Resupinatus - Us Gotha ey loimesulsis. Polls Ges WNoviss 3 WO Sisto lll, Tess bertieri, Lentinus tr. Mesopus - El.1:46Botryoideae, Clavaria tr. - 1:466 beryllus, Ag. tr. Leptonia, salicinus B - 1:202 betae, Fusisporium - 3:444 betulae, Cenangium tr. Clithris - 2:187 betula, Stictis = 22193 betulina, Cytispora - 2:545 betulina, Daedalea tr. Dimidiatae - 12833 betulina, Daedalea tr. Apus - E1.1:66 betulina, Dothidea tr. Xyloma - 2:554 botryoides*, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - B98 botryosa, Sph. tr. Connatae - 2:342 botrytes, Radulum - El.1:152 Botrytis =" Vex 32382," 398 botrytis, Clavaria tr. Botryoideae - 1:466 bovanus, ~BOW. a= sSSS,. Biles i26 brachiata, Isaria - 3:279 brachypodes, Cantharellus tr. Mesopus - 228 Biles ules xO) brachystemonis, Dothidea tr. Xyloma - 22558 brasiliensis, Daedalea tr. Stipitatae - ese brasiliensis, Favolus - E1.1:44 brasiilvensis, Pols tr. Anus, harsutus B = I eS, brassicae, Asteroma? - E1.2:153 brassicae, Sclerotium tr. Libera, semen B - 2:249 brassicae, Sclerotium tr. 2:259 brassicaefolius, Merulius tus - E1.1:60 brevirostris, iSphn. tr. Ceratostomae, — 2:474 brevis, Ag. tr... Limacium,) pustulatus B= 1:34 brumalis, Ag. tr. Omphalia -'1:171 brumalis, Pol. tr. Mesopus - 1:348 brunnea, Pez. tr. Sarcoscyphae - 2:83 brunneola, Sph. tr. Foliicolae - 2:526 brunneus, Ag. tr. Telamonia - 1:21] bryophila, Pez. tr. Hymenoscyphae - 2:119 bryophilum, Sclerotium, vulgatum B - El.2:40 bryophilus, Cantharellus tr. Pleuropus - Hss25 Subadnata - tr. Resupina- bryorum*, Ag. tr. Galera - 1:267 buccina Pez. tre Calycanael— 923 1129 buccina, Pez. tr. Phialea — El.2311 bufonia, Pez. tr. Helvelloideae - 2:54 bufonia, Thel. tr. Resupinatus - Bile 225) Clitocybe - 1:88 Armillaria - 1:27 SI Geopyxis - 2:57 Cordyceps - 2:327 butonauUs, AG. etry. bullbager;, Ags tr. bulbosa, Isaria - bulibosa.. (Pez. ire bulbosa, Sph. tr. bulbosum, Stilbum - 3:305 bulbosus, Ag. tr. Telamonia - 1:214 Bulgaria = 2239, 166, EL. 22 16 bullaceus, Ag. tr. Psathyra - 1:297 bullata, Sph. tr. Lignosae - 2:349 bullatum, Didymosporium - 3:487 bullatum, Sclerotium tr. Subadnata - 23259 bulliardi, Ag. tr. Inoloma - 12221 bulliardi, Daedalea tr. Dimidiatae - i335 bulliardi, Daedalea tr. Apus - E1.1:68 butyraceus, Ag. str. Clatocybe — 13121 buxi, Blennoria - 3:472 buxi, Fusisporium - 3:447 buxi, Sph. tr. Subtectae, atrovirens B - 22504 buxicola, Sph. B. Depazea - 2:528, ade Be Plo) ; byssinum, Stilbum - 3:304 byssiseda, Clavaria tr. Ramariae - 1:476 byssiseda) Rez.)<